English problems
- 1. In the following question, a passage is given which describes a situation. From the given options, mark the correct inference that can be drawn from the passage. If none of the inferences follow, mark option 5, ?None of these? as the answer. The philosophy of pragmatism goes something like this. The mind is such that it deals only with ideas. It is not possible for the mind to relate to anything other than ideas. Therefore, it is not correct to think that the mind actually can ponder reality. All that the mind can ponder is its ideas about reality. (Whether or not that is the way reality actually is, is a metaphysical issue). Therefore, whether or not something is true is not a matter of how closely it corresponds to the absolute truth, but of how consistent it is with our experience.
Options- A. Our experiences define our concept of reality.
- B. Reality is a metaphysical issue.
- C. Pragmatism and reality are two sides of the same coin.
- D. Our experiences enable us to determine the truth. Also asked in: CAT, TOEFL, GRE
Correct Answer: Our experiences define our concept of reality.
Explanation:
The passage states that reality is not an absolute truth, but a result of our consistent experiences. This makes option a is a correct inference made from the passage. Option 2 is a direct statement already made in the given passage. Option 3 cannot be inferred from the passage as ?pragmatism? is considered as a philosophy while ?reality? is considered as an amalgamation of our experiences. According to the given passage our experiences enables us to determine what is the reality which may or may not be the truth. This makes option 4 incorrect.
- 2. In the following question, a passage is given which describes a situation. From the given options, mark the correct inference that can be drawn from the passage. If none of the inferences follow, mark option 5, ?None of these? as the answer. In nearly all human populations a majority of individuals can taste the artificially synthesized chemical phenylthiocarbonide (PTC). However, the percentage varies dramatically-- from as low as 60% in India to as high as 95% in Africa. That this polymorphism is observed in non- human primates as well indicates a long evolutionary history which, although obviously not acting on PTC, might reflect evolutionary selection for taste discrimination of other, more significant bitter substances, such as certain toxic plants.
Options- A. Human beings show the same taste profile as primates.
- B. Humans prefers substances that are naturally sweet.
- C. Only a minority of the human population have an indeterminant taste profile.
- D. A majority of the human population have an indeterminant taste profile. Also asked in: TOEFL, GRE, CAT
Correct Answer: Only a minority of the human population have an indeterminant taste profile.
Explanation:
The passage clearly states that several characteristics are shared between humans and primates with respect to their taste profiles. It also states that it is because of evolution. But to infer that both species share the same profile would be incorrect making option a incorrect. The passage is all about the human ability to discern different tastes. One cannot infer about the likability of certain tastes from the given passage making option 2 incorrect. In the first sentence itself the passage talks about how majority of the human population can taste a certain artificial flavour. Thus, it can be inferred that majority of the human population have a determinant taste profile making the opposite as stated in option 3 also correct. This also makes option 4 incorrect.
- 3. In each of the questions given below, a passage has been given which are either situational based or describes a scenario. Below each passage, a question has been given which is framed to make you to infer something out of it. Mark out the correct inference as your answer. Set in the glittering balls of genteel rural society of 18th century England and verdant landscape of the idyllic Pemberley, ?Pride and Prejudice? is the story of young Elizabeth Bennett whose property is entailed to the nearest male heir. What can be said about the position of young Elizabeth Bennett in the rural society of 18th century England?
Options- A. Marginal
- B. Immaterial
- C. Unrelated
- D. Extraneous Also asked in: TOEFL, GRE, CAT
Correct Answer: Immaterial
Explanation:
Marginal means to be of questionable or minimal quality.
Immaterial means to be of no importance or relevance especially to a law case.
Unrelated means lacking a logical or causal relation.
Extraneous means something that is not pertinent to the matter under consideration.
Academic means marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects.
Despite being young, Bennett's property was already entailed to the male heir. This means that she did not have a significant place in the rural society of 18th century England.
Hence, the correct answer is 2.
- 4. In each of the questions given below, a passage has been given which are either situational based or describes a scenario. Below each passage, a question has been given which is framed to make you to infer something out of it. Mark out the correct inference as your answer. India's leading and most popular food delivery start-up, Swiggy landed in a soup on Wednesday, after four people claiming to be current and former employees allegedly revealed fraudulent and unethical means practiced at the company, in a blog post. Which of the following can be said about the allegations?
Options- A. Defragmented
- B. Ambiguous
- C. Definitive
- D. Anecdotal Also asked in: TOEFL, GRE, CAT
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
Defragmented means to run a process that collects fragments of files and sorts them into contiguous sections on one or more hard disks or hard disk partitions, thus speeding up file
management.
Ambiguous means to be of uncertain nature or significance.
Definitive means clearly defined or formulated.
Anecdotal means to have the character of an anecdote.
Speculative means not based on fact or investigation.
Hence, the correct answer is 5.
- 5. In each of the questions given below, a passage has been given which are either situational based or describes a scenario. Below each passage, a question has been given which is framed to make you to infer something out of it. Mark out the correct inference as your answer. A former lawmaker, Rewati Raman Bhandari, who drafted the measure that criminalised chhaupadi, said the push to eradicate the practice from villagers, the police and local politicians was still far too muted. Which of the following describes the reaction of the authorities of towards the eradication of chhaupadi?
Options- A. Subdued
- B. Softened
- C. Dampened
- D. Quite Also asked in: TOEFL, GRE, CAT
Correct Answer: Subdued
Explanation:
Subdued means restrained in style or quality. Softened means being or made softer or less loud or clear.
Dampened means to suppress or constrain so as to lessen in intensity. Quite means to a degree (not used with a negative).
Silenced means reduced to silence. The reaction of the authorities is already mentioned, i.e. muted. All the options, except 'quite', are synonymous with 'muted'. But the reaction was toned-down. Hence, the correct answer is 1.
- 6. A passage with three blanks, followed by five options, each containing one word, is given. Choose the word that can fill all the three blanks. Modern public administration has taken a leaf not only from the legislature?s book but also from that of the judiciary. Administrative _____________ is the latest addition to the admin istrative techniques. Administrative ____________ means the determination of questions of a judicial or quasi-judicial nature by an administrative department or agency. Like a regular court, administrative bodies hear the parties, sift evidence, and pronounce a decision in cases where legal rights or duties are involved. The main point of difference between administrative _____________ and administration of justice by the courts is that administrative justice is administered by administrative agencies instead of regular courts. The administrative courts follow the principles of natural justice and common good whereas the courts of law follow the settled principles of law and evidence. The administrative courts are manned by officers belonging to the executive branch whereas the judges are the members of the judiciary independent of executive control.
Options- A. Adjudication
- B. Division
- C. Hearing
- D. Service Also asked in: TOEFL, GRE, CAT
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
The given blank is to be taken in consideration with the word ?administrative?. ?Administrative Adjudication? means a decision or sentence imposed by a judge. ?Administrative Division? refers to is a portion of a country or other region delineated for the purpose of administration. ?Administrative hearing? refers to an informal way of resolving disputes between agencies and citizens without the
strict procedural rules of a court. ?Administrative Service? refer to managing, planning, directing, and coordinating supportive services of an organization. ?Administrative legislation? is the body of law and legal work that deals with government agencies. Thus, option A fits all three blanks correctly.
- 7. A passage with three blanks, followed by five options, each containing one word, is given. Choose the word that can fill all the three blanks. The ability of humans to ___________ the landscape and recognize the consequences of doing so puts us in a peculiar position. There are several animals on earth that show this same kind of intelligence. Some animals have extensions to ___________ their environment and some do not. As a species we are assigned the duty to provide and proliferate. Our goal is to achieve stability for ourselves and our kin. However, we also have an obligation to maintain the environment, as we depend on the resources and services it provides. The question then becomes: what is our role in nature? Do we have the right to _________ the land, factory farm animals, and pollute waterways? Or do we have an obligation to reduce our numbers and merely subsist? In order to answer these questions, we must rely on our knowledge of Earth, evolution, and our influence on the environment.
Options- A. Aspects
- B. Pollutants
- C. Employ
- D. Operate Also asked in: TOEFL, GRE, CAT
Correct Answer:
Explanation:
?Aspects? mean a particular part or feature of something. ?Pollutants? mean a substance that pollutes something, especially water or the atmosphere. ?Employ? means give work to (someone) and pay them for it. ?Operate? means (of a person) control the functioning of (a machine, process, or system). ?Manipulate? means control or influence (a person or situation) cleverly or unscrupulously. The passage hints towards unscrupulous usage of the environment for our own betterment. Thus, option E is the best fit answer for the given blanks.
- 8. A passage with three blanks, followed by five options, each containing one word, is given. Choose the word that can fill all the three blanks. Emission ____________ are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere. Emission ___________ set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over specific timeframes. They are generally designed to achieve air quality standards and to protect human life. Many emissions ____________ focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles (motor cars) and other powered vehicles. Others regulate emissions from industry, power plants, small equipment such as lawn mowers and diesel generators, and other sources of air pollution. While this have been used to dictate limits for conventional pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur (NOx and SOx), this regulatory technique may be used to regulate greenhouse gasses, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). In the US, this is given in pounds of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (lbs. CO2/MWhr), and kilograms CO2/MWhr elsewhere.
Options- A. Norms
- B. Pollutants
- C. Factors
- D. Standards Also asked in: TOEFL, GRE, CAT
Correct Answer: Standards
Explanation:
From the given passage it is evident that we have to take the word filling the blanks in relation to the word ?emission? which means the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation. ?Norms? refer to a standard or pattern, especially of social behaviour, that is typical or expected. Thus ?emission norms? cannot be a correct term as it is not related social behaviour. ?Pollutants? mean a substance that pollutes something, especially water or the atmosphere. If this word is used in the given first blank it does not provide the correct term being defined. ?Factors? refer to a circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a result. ?Standards? refer to a required or agreed level of quality or attainment. ?Limits? means a restriction on the size or amount of something permissible or possible. Of all the given options ?factors? and ?standards? can be seen as the most appropriate words for the given blanks. But an emission factor is a representative value that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the atmosphere with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. Thus, option D is the best fit answer for the given blanks
- 9. A passage with three blanks, followed by five options, each containing one word, is given. Choose the word that can fill all the three blanks. In finance, a __________ is an instrument of indebtedness of the issuer to the holders. The ___________ is a debt security, under which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to pay them interest (the coupon) or to repay the principal at a later date, termed the maturity date. Interest is usually payable at fixed intervals (semi- annual, annual, sometimes monthly). Very often it is negotiable, that is, the ownership of the instrument can be transferred in the secondary market. This means that once the transfer agents at the bank medallion stamp the same, it is highly liquid on the secondary market. Thus, a __________ is a form of loan or IOU.
Options- A. Brand
- B. Stock
- C. Bond
- D. Barter Also asked in: TOEFL, GRE, CAT
Correct Answer: Bond
Explanation:
?Brand? refers to a particular identity or image regarded as an asset. ?Stock? refers to the capital raised by a company or corporation through the issue and subscription of shares. ?Bond? is an interest-bearing security issued by governments, companies and some other organisations. ?Barter? refers to exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money. ?Bankruptcy? means the state of being bankrupt. The given blanks can either use ?bond? or ?stock? as both are similar in meaning. Bonds and stocks are both securities, but the major difference between the two is that (capital) stockholders have an equity stake in a company (that is, they are owners), whereas bondholders have a creditor stake in the company (that is, they are lenders). Being a creditor, bondholders have priority over stockholders. Thus, ?bond? is the best fit word for the given blanks as it is clearly stated that it is a form of loan. This makes option 3 the correct answer.
- 10. A passage with three blanks, followed by five options, each containing one word, is given. Choose the word that can fill all the three blanks. An __________ is a process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder. Participants bid openly against one another, with each subsequent bid required to be higher than the previous bid. An auctioneer may announce prices, bidders may call out their bids themselves (or have a proxy call out a bid on their behalf), or bids may be submitted electronically with the highest current bid publicly displayed. In a Dutch ____________, the auctioneer begins with a high asking price for some quantity of like items; the price is lowered until a participant is willing to accept the auctioneer's price for some quantity of the goods in the lot or until the seller's reserve price is met. In economic theory, an ____________ may refer to any mechanism or set of trading rules for exchange.
Options- A. Assets
- B. Auction
- C. Autarky
- D. Arbitrage Also asked in: TOEFL, GRE, CAT
Correct Answer: Auction
Explanation:
?Assets? mean things that have earning power or some other value to their owner. ?Auction? means a public sale in which goods or property are sold to the highest bidder. ?Autarky? refers to the idea that a country should be self-sufficient and not take part in international trade. ?Arbitrage? means the simultaneous buying and selling of securities, currency, or commodities in different markets or in derivative forms in order to take advantage of differing prices for the same asset. ?Amortisation? means the running down or payment of a loan by instalments. The given passage includes the presence of an ?auctioneer? who is defined as a person who conducts auctions by accepting bids and declaring goods sold. Thus, option 2 is the correct fit for all three blanks.
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