Question 1

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: The professor recently describes 1500 t…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests the learner's understanding of tense consistency, particularly when an adverb of time such as recently appears. The sentence describes what the professor did in the recent past and therefore must use an appropriate past tense. Correct alignment between time markers and verb forms is a fundamental aspect of English grammar. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered segments, plus a No Error option. Part (1) contains the phrase The professor recently describes 1500 tests. Part (2) explains the content of the tests: in which blind people passed with greater. Part (3) finishes with ease than those who could see. Concept / Approach: The key concept is choosing the correct tense. The adverb recently usually triggers the simple past tense in statements about completed actions, for example The professor recently described 1500 tests. Using the simple present describes here conflicts with the sense of a finished action that took place in the recent past. Therefore, the correct form should be described, not describes. The error lies in part (1). Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): The professor recently describes 1500 tests. The presence of recently suggests that the action happened not long ago but is now complete.Step 2: Realise that for a completed past action, especially one indicated by recently, English uses the simple past form: described.Step 3: Check part (2): in which blind people passed with greater. This phrase correctly describes the test results and uses the past tense passed.Step 4: Check part (3): ease than those who could see. This part is also grammatical, contrasting blind people with those who could see.Step 5: Since only part (1) has a tense problem, identify it as the segment containing the error.Step 6: Mentally correct the sentence as The professor recently described 1500 tests in which blind people passed with greater ease than those who could see. Verification / Alternative check: A quick verification method is to try replacing recently with a time expression like yesterday or last year. The sentence The professor yesterday describes 1500 tests sounds clearly wrong, whereas The professor yesterday described 1500 tests sounds normal. Because these adverbs behave similarly, the form described must be correct with recently as well. Another check is to note that the rest of the sentence uses past tense verbs passed and could see, which aligns naturally with described in the simple past. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 2: Part (2) is grammatically correct. It uses past tense passed, which is appropriate for describing what happened in the tests.Option 3: Part (3) correctly continues the comparison with ease than those who could see and does not introduce any tense or agreement errors.Option 4: Because part (1) clearly contains an error, it is not correct to say that the sentence has no error. Common Pitfalls: Some learners overlook the time adverb recently and focus only on the logical meaning of the sentence. Others may think that present tense describes is acceptable because professors may still be describing these tests on various occasions. However, the presence of recently and the narrative feel of the sentence indicate a completed action, not a habitual one. Practising the link between time expressions and tenses helps prevent these mistakes. Final Answer: The wrong tense appears in the first segment, so the correct option is 1.

Question 2

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: Radium is so expensive that you (1) / c…

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Introduction / Context: This sentence tests conditional structures in English, especially the matching of verb forms between the if clause and the main clause. The statement presents a hypothetical situation about the high price of radium and how owning a small quantity could make a person very rich. The learner must detect the mismatch between the modal verb could and the present tense own in the conditional clause. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered parts, followed by a No Error option. Part (1) states the condition that radium is very expensive and begins the result clause with you could be a millionaire. Part (2) is the if clause with if you own. Part (3) completes the idea with only half a pound of it. Concept / Approach: The key concept is type two conditional, which describes unreal or hypothetical present situations. In such sentences, the if clause normally uses a past tense form (for example if you owned) while the main clause uses would or could plus the base verb (for example you could be). Here the main clause uses could be, which signals a hypothetical meaning, but the if clause incorrectly uses the present tense own instead of owned. Therefore, the correct structure should be could be a millionaire if you owned only half a pound of it. The error lies in part (2). Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): Radium is so expensive that you could be a millionaire. This part sets up a hypothetical result and is acceptable as written.Step 2: Read part (2): if you own. This if clause uses the present tense own, which usually describes a real or general situation.Step 3: Recognise that the sentence is not talking about a real present fact but about a hypothetical situation of owning radium.Step 4: Recall that type two conditionals use a past tense in the if clause, so the correct form would be if you owned.Step 5: Read part (3): only half a pound of it. This completes the idea and does not contain any error by itself.Step 6: Conclude that part (2) contains the tense error and should be changed to if you owned. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, rewrite the full sentence with the corrected tense: Radium is so expensive that you could be a millionaire if you owned only half a pound of it. This version fits the pattern of hypothetical conditional sentences: if plus past tense in the condition, and could plus base verb in the result. Another acceptable pattern would be you would be a millionaire if you owned only half a pound of it, which again shows that owned is the correct form in the if clause. Since no changes are needed in the other parts, the error is clearly located in segment (2). Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) uses Radium is so expensive that you could be a millionaire, which is a natural way to introduce a hypothetical result and does not contain a grammatical error.Option 3: Part (3) only provides the specific quantity only half a pound of it and is structurally correct.Option 4: Because the conditional clause in part (2) is incorrect, the entire sentence cannot be considered error free, so No Error is not the correct choice. Common Pitfalls: Learners often focus on the price related vocabulary and miss the subtle tense mismatch. Another common mistake is to assume that any clause beginning with if can use present tense by default, because in many real conditionals we do say if you own, if it rains, and so on. However, when the main clause uses would or could to indicate an unreal situation, the if clause should switch to a past tense. Recognising the link between modal verbs in the main clause and tense choice in the if clause is essential for these questions. Final Answer: The incorrect tense appears in the second part, so the correct option is 2.

Question 3

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: She was so much overwhelmed with her (1…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines correct use of auxiliary verbs with main verbs in the past tense. The sentence describes a woman whose affection for her sons led her to give away her wealth. The error lies in the unnecessary combination of the auxiliary did and the past tense distributed, which is a classic exam pattern in English grammar questions. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered parts and a No Error option. Part (1) reads She was so much overwhelmed with her. Part (2) continues with sons devotion and affection that she. Part (3) ends with did distributed all her wealth and property among them. Concept / Approach: The key concept is the correct use of the auxiliary do in past tense statements. In affirmative past tense sentences, we normally use a simple past form without the auxiliary did. The auxiliary did is used only in questions and in negative sentences, or occasionally for emphasis with the base form of the verb, such as she did distribute. Therefore, did distributed is incorrect because it combines an auxiliary with a past tense main verb. The correct forms are either she distributed all her wealth or she did distribute all her wealth, where distribute is in the base form. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): She was so much overwhelmed with her. While the phrase so much overwhelmed could be improved to so overwhelmed, it is not the main grammatical error under test.Step 2: Read part (2): sons devotion and affection that she. This sets up the result clause and is structurally correct when continued by a past tense verb.Step 3: Read part (3): did distributed all her wealth and property among them. Here did is followed by distributed, which is a past tense form.Step 4: Recall the rule that after the auxiliary did, the main verb must appear in its base form, not in the past tense.Step 5: Recognise that the sentence is an affirmative past statement, so a simple past form without did is more natural: she distributed all her wealth and property among them.Step 6: Conclude that part (3) contains a clear auxiliary plus main verb error and should be corrected. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, remove did and read the sentence again: She was so overwhelmed with her sons devotion and affection that she distributed all her wealth and property among them. This version is grammatically correct and expresses the intended meaning. Alternatively, if we wanted to emphasise the action, we could say she did distribute all her wealth and property among them, but in that case the main verb must be distribute, not distributed. Both alternatives highlight that did distributed was the wrong combination in the original sentence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) is not perfect stylistically, but it does not break a clear grammatical rule in the way part (3) does.Option 2: Part (2) correctly sets up the that clause leading into the past action she distributed and does not contain an error.Option 4: Since there is a definite auxiliary verb mistake in part (3), the sentence is not error free, so No Error is not the correct answer. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes overlook auxiliary verb errors because they focus on vocabulary or on the emotionally strong parts of the sentence. Another pitfall is believing that adding did always makes a past tense sentence stronger or more correct. In reality, did must be combined with the base form of the verb and is normally reserved for questions, negatives, and special emphasis. It is safer in most simple narrative sentences to use the plain past form without did. Final Answer: The incorrect verb combination appears in the third part, so the correct option is 3.

Question 4

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: The viability of the multinational corp…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This error spotting item tests the correct use of prepositions in fixed phrases, in particular degree to which rather than degree in which. The sentence discusses how long people will tolerate inequalities created by multinational corporate systems, and a small preposition error affects the natural flow of the phrase. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is split into three numbered parts, with option (4) representing No Error. Part (1) presents the subject: The viability of the multinational corporate system. Part (2) contains the phrase depends upon the degree in which. Part (3) finishes the thought with people will tolerate the unevenness it creates. Concept / Approach: The main concept is idiomatic preposition choice in English. When we talk about the extent or level to which something happens, we use degree to which, not degree in which. The preposition in is possible in some other relative clauses, but in this collocation it is incorrect. Therefore, the part that reads depends upon the degree in which needs to be corrected to depends upon the degree to which, showing that part (2) is the erroneous segment. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): The viability of the multinational corporate system. This is a correctly formed noun phrase describing the sustainability or stability of such a system.Step 2: Read part (2): depends upon the degree in which. Here the pattern depends upon the degree is acceptable, but the following preposition in is wrong in this relative clause.Step 3: Recall that standard usage is the degree to which something happens, indicating the extent.Step 4: Read part (3): people will tolerate the unevenness it creates. This is grammatically fine and expresses the tolerance of inequality.Step 5: Conclude that only part (2) contains an error, namely the preposition in.Step 6: Mentally revise the sentence as The viability of the multinational corporate system depends upon the degree to which people will tolerate the unevenness it creates. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can check similar patterns with degree in standard texts or dictionaries: degree to which inflation falls, degree to which people cooperate, and so on. You will not find degree in which used in the same sense of extent. Another check is to test whether a substitution such as the extent to which works better than the extent in which. This further supports that to, not in, is the correct preposition in this context. No other grammatical adjustments are needed, so the error must be in part (2). Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) is grammatically correct and clearly states the topic.Option 3: Part (3) uses a correct future structure will tolerate and a clear object the unevenness it creates.Option 4: Since there is a definite preposition error in part (2), it is not accurate to classify the sentence as having no error. Common Pitfalls: Many learners are tempted to accept any preposition in relative clauses because English preposition use is quite flexible. However, some phrases such as degree to which and way in which have strong preferences. Confusing these patterns may lead to wrong answers in exams. Another pitfall is focusing only on verbs like depends or will tolerate and ignoring the smaller linking words. Careful reading of the complete phrase is necessary to catch these subtle but important errors. Final Answer: The preposition error is in the second part, so the correct option is 2.

Question 5

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: They even tried to smuggle bits of jazz…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This item focuses on conjunction use in purpose clauses, especially the common conjunction so that. The sentence describes musicians trying to include elements of jazz in serious music to help a composer survive. The error lies in the incorrect combination as that instead of so that. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is split into three numbered segments and a No Error option. Part (1) reads They even tried to smuggle bits of jazz into. Part (2) reads serious music as that the composer could. Part (3) finishes with somehow survive. Concept / Approach: The key grammar point is the correct conjunction to introduce a purpose clause. In English, we typically say so that the composer could survive, which expresses the reason for the earlier action. The phrase as that is not a standard conjunction and does not convey this meaning. While as that may appear in some older or dialectal texts, in standard modern English, so that is the expected form. Therefore, part (2) contains the error, and serious music as that the composer could should be changed to serious music so that the composer could. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): They even tried to smuggle bits of jazz into. This segment is fine and introduces the idea of inserting jazz into another style of music.Step 2: Read part (2): serious music as that the composer could. The phrase as that sounds unusual and does not form a standard English construction.Step 3: Recall that the sentence is expressing purpose, namely why they smuggled bits of jazz into serious music.Step 4: Identify that the usual conjunction to express purpose is so that, followed by a clause with could or would.Step 5: Read part (3): somehow survive. This completes the purpose clause and is grammatically correct by itself.Step 6: Conclude that part (2) contains the incorrect conjunction and should be corrected to so that. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, replace as that with so that and read the entire sentence: They even tried to smuggle bits of jazz into serious music so that the composer could somehow survive. This version is natural and clearly expresses that the aim of blending jazz into serious music was to help the composer continue to live or work. Since no other changes are required in parts (1) and (3), the error is definitely in part (2). Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) is grammatically sound and uses a vivid expression smuggle bits of jazz into, which is acceptable in figurative language.Option 3: Part (3) uses somehow survive correctly to express a modest hope of survival.Option 4: Because part (2) clearly contains an incorrect conjunction, the sentence cannot be considered error free, so No Error is not the correct option. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may not recognise as that as odd because they are more familiar with the conjunction as in other contexts, such as as long as or as soon as. This can lead them to overlook the error. Others might be distracted by the vivid vocabulary bits of jazz and somehow survive, and forget to check the small connecting words carefully. To perform well in such questions, it is important to pay special attention to short function words like conjunctions and prepositions, because they frequently carry the grammatical error. Final Answer: The wrong conjunction appears in the second part, so the correct option is 2.

Question 6

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: Together with empowerment, there has (1…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This error spotting question checks correct use of adjective and adverb forms. The sentence talks about empowerment and the need for a culture of accountability. The incorrect phrase personally accountability mixes an adverb and a noun in a way that is not grammatical. The learner needs to recognise that only the adjective form personal fits in this noun phrase. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered parts, followed by a No Error option. Part (1) says Together with empowerment, there has. Part (2) says to be a culture of personally accountability. Part (3) says so that everyone realizes the necessity of valuing commitment. Concept / Approach: The main grammar concept is choosing the correct form of a word based on its function in the sentence. Accountability is a noun, and we need an adjective to modify it. The correct adjective is personal, as in personal accountability. The word personally is an adverb that modifies verbs or adjectives, not nouns. Therefore, the phrase personally accountability is incorrect, and the correct phrase should be a culture of personal accountability. This error appears in part (2). Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): Together with empowerment, there has. This is part of the structure there has to be, which is correct for stating necessity.Step 2: Read part (2): to be a culture of personally accountability. Here, personally is immediately followed by accountability, a noun.Step 3: Recall that adverbs like personally modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, but not nouns directly.Step 4: Recognise that we need an adjective to modify accountability, and the correct adjective is personal, not personally.Step 5: Read part (3): so that everyone realizes the necessity of valuing commitment. This part is grammatically sound and expresses a clear consequence.Step 6: Decide that part (2) contains the grammatical error and that personally should be changed to personal. Verification / Alternative check: To confirm the answer, rewrite the sentence using the correct form: Together with empowerment, there has to be a culture of personal accountability so that everyone realizes the necessity of valuing commitment. This version reads naturally and reflects standard usage in management and leadership discussions. Another way to verify is to think of similar phrases, such as personal responsibility, social responsibility, or financial accountability, all of which use adjectives before the abstract noun. No corrections are needed for the other segments, so the error is clearly in part (2). Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) correctly uses the existential structure there has to be in combination with Together with empowerment, which is stylistically acceptable.Option 3: Part (3) uses a correct purpose clause so that everyone realizes and the noun phrase the necessity of valuing commitment, which do not contain grammar errors.Option 4: Since part (2) has a definite word form error, the sentence is not error free, so No Error cannot be the correct choice. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to accept personally in any context where personal involvement seems important, because the word sounds appropriate in meaning. However, grammar requires that we choose forms based on function, not just meaning. Another pitfall is reading too quickly and assuming that accountability is being used as a verb, which could make personally seem like an adverb modifying a verb. Careful identification of parts of speech is essential for solving such problems accurately. Final Answer: The incorrect word form appears in the second part, so the correct option is 2.

Question 7

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: Students who attempted the question pap…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests correct noun usage in a common educational context. The sentence describes students who attempted an examination paper and then met professors to clarify doubts. The error lies in the phrase the questions paper, where questions is incorrectly used instead of the singular question to form the standard expression question paper. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered parts plus a No Error option. Part (1) reads Students who attempted the question paper. Part (2) continues with have met some of their professors, seeking. Part (3) concludes with informed answers to these questions. Concept / Approach: The key concept is recognising standard compound nouns used in education, such as question paper. In English, examination papers containing questions are usually called question papers, not questions papers. Therefore, the correct phrase is the question paper, and the presence of questions in the original text represents a pluralisation error. Identifying this incorrect form in part (1) gives us the location of the error. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): Students who attempted the question paper. In the original stored text, this was Students who attempted the questions paper, which is non standard.Step 2: Recognise that in examination contexts, the standard term is question paper, a fixed compound noun in the singular.Step 3: Read part (2): have met some of their professors, seeking. This is a correct present perfect structure used to describe recent actions of meeting professors.Step 4: Read part (3): informed answers to these questions. This part correctly refers back to the questions in the paper and does not contain a grammatical mistake.Step 5: Since only the compound noun in part (1) is incorrect, identify that segment as the one containing the error.Step 6: Mentally correct the sentence to Students who attempted the question paper have met some of their professors, seeking informed answers to these questions. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, consider how English medium schools and universities refer to examination papers. The usual expressions are question paper, answer sheet, and so on. The phrase questions paper is not used in standard English. Furthermore, the rest of the sentence uses correct forms and logical connections, so there is no competing error in the other parts. This confirms that part (1) is the only segment with a mistake. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 2: Part (2) is grammatically correct. It uses the present perfect have met to describe a recent action and the participle seeking to show purpose.Option 3: Part (3) correctly uses the expression informed answers to these questions and matches the context of doubts from the paper.Option 4: Because part (1) contains a clear noun form error, the sentence is not error free, and No Error is not the correct answer. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes overlook mistakes in very familiar phrases because their minds automatically correct them during reading. Another pitfall is thinking that adding a plural s is harmless when there are many questions in the paper, but in fixed compound nouns like question paper, the first element usually remains singular. Recognising these fixed academic phrases helps in quickly spotting such errors. Final Answer: The incorrect compound noun appears in the first part, so the correct option is 1.

Question 8

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: I had forgotten all such things just (1…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence correction question tests proper use of pronouns and punctuation around reported speech. The sentence quotes a leader speaking in the first person and then identifies who is speaking. The original stored version used the wrong possessive pronoun there instead of their in the tag said their leader. Correct possessive pronoun usage is an essential part of English grammar. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered parts plus a No Error option. Part (1) contains the beginning of the quoted speech: I had forgotten all such things just. Part (2) continues the quotation: for the sake of the greater good of everyone. Part (3) contains the reporting clause: said their leader. Concept / Approach: The main concept is the difference between there and their. There is used to refer to a place or to introduce an existential clause, whereas their is the possessive determiner used to show that something belongs to a group of people. In the reporting clause said their leader, the leader belongs to or is associated with them, so the correct word is their leader, not there leader. The error therefore lies in part (3). Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the content of the quotation in parts (1) and (2): I had forgotten all such things just for the sake of the greater good of everyone. This is grammatically correct and coherent.Step 2: Turn to part (3), which identifies who is speaking: said their leader. In the stored version, this was said there leader, which is wrong.Step 3: Recognise that leader is a noun that needs a possessive determiner to show relationship to the group, which is expressed by their.Step 4: Recall that there is not a possessive determiner and would not make sense before leader in this context.Step 5: Therefore, identify part (3) as containing the pronoun error.Step 6: Mentally correct the full sentence to I had forgotten all such things just for the sake of the greater good of everyone, said their leader. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, consider similar reporting clauses: said their teacher, said their captain, said their manager. All of these use the possessive determiner their. Using there in any of those phrases would be ungrammatical. Also, notice that parts (1) and (2) form a complete and grammatically correct statement, leaving part (3) as the only possible location for an error. This confirms that the pronoun in part (3) is the problem. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) correctly uses the past perfect had forgotten and introduces the purpose clause just for the sake of.Option 2: Part (2) correctly finishes the purpose clause with of the greater good of everyone and does not contain an error.Option 4: Since part (3) clearly contains a wrong pronoun in the original version, the sentence is not error free, so No Error is not the right option. Common Pitfalls: Because there and their are homophones, they are frequently confused in writing. In examination settings, this confusion is deliberately exploited in error spotting questions. A common pitfall is reading quickly and mentally correcting the word without noticing the spelling. To avoid this, train yourself to look carefully at function words, not just content words, and to ask whether a possessive relation is being indicated, which would require words like my, your, his, her, its, our, or their. Final Answer: The incorrect pronoun appears in the third part, so the correct option is 3.

Question 9

In the following sentence, one numbered part may have an error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: Buttressing the confidence in the economy (1) / are t…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence focuses on subject verb agreement, particularly within a relative clause introduced by which. The sentence describes findings that strengthen confidence in the economy. The verb inside the clause must agree in number with the noun findings. Many exam questions target this type of agreement issue because the subject is separated from the verb by several words, making it harder to spot. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence consists of three numbered parts plus a No Error option. Part (1) says Buttressing the confidence in the economy. Part (2) says are the findings in the survey, which posits. Part (3) says an improvement in the infrastructure sectors. Concept / Approach: The central concept is agreement between subject and verb. In the main clause, the subject is the findings in the survey, a plural noun phrase. The verb are correctly agrees with findings. However, inside the relative clause introduced by which, the verb posits is singular and does not agree with the plural reference to findings. The clause should describe what the findings do, so the correct verb is posit, not posits. Therefore, part (2) contains the error. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): Buttressing the confidence in the economy. This is a participial phrase that introduces the idea of strengthening confidence.Step 2: Read part (2): are the findings in the survey, which posits. Here are is the main verb and findings is the subject. So far, this is correct.Step 3: Focus on the relative clause beginning with which. The word which refers back to the plural noun findings in the survey.Step 4: Notice that the verb after which is posits, which is a singular verb form used with he, she, or it.Step 5: Because which here refers to findings, a plural noun, the verb should be the plural form posit.Step 6: Read part (3): an improvement in the infrastructure sectors. This phrase is grammatically correct and serves as the object of posit. Verification / Alternative check: To confirm, rewrite the sentence with the corrected verb: Buttressing the confidence in the economy are the findings in the survey, which posit an improvement in the infrastructure sectors. The plural verb form posit now matches the plural subject findings. Another way to verify is to temporarily replace which with they, giving they posit an improvement in the infrastructure sectors. Because they requires a plural verb, this test confirms that posits was incorrect and posit is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) is a correct introductory phrase that modifies the main clause and does not contain a grammar error.Option 3: Part (3) correctly expresses the object of the verb posit, namely an improvement in the infrastructure sectors.Option 4: Since part (2) contains a subject verb agreement error, the sentence is not error free, so No Error is not the correct answer. Common Pitfalls: Many learners stop checking as soon as they see that findings agrees with are and miss the relative clause that follows. Examiners often place the real error deeper in the sentence, after a correct agreement, in order to trick inattentive readers. Another pitfall is to think that which always takes a singular verb because it often refers to a singular idea. However, which inherits the number of its antecedent, so when the antecedent is plural, the verb must also be plural. Final Answer: The subject verb agreement error occurs in the second part, so the correct option is 2.

Question 10

In the following sentence, one numbered part may have an error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: Policy makers will think hard about creating (1) / an…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks noun choice in a political and legal context. It refers to a legal framework designed to prevent regulatory capture. In the stored version, the incorrect plural regulatories appeared, which is not standard English. The correct noun form is regulators, or regulatory bodies, and the learner must identify this error in the final part of the sentence. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered segments plus a No Error option. Part (1) says Policy makers will think hard about creating. Part (2) says an appropriate legal framework to. Part (3) says prevent the capture of regulators by special interests. Concept / Approach: The important concept is correct noun formation from adjectives such as regulatory. In political economy, the phrase regulatory capture describes a situation where private interests influence regulation to their advantage. The entities being captured are regulators, not regulatories. Regulatory is an adjective, used in phrases like regulatory authority or regulatory framework. The incorrect plural regulatories does not function as a valid noun in this context. Therefore, part (3) is the segment with the error. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): Policy makers will think hard about creating. This is a correct future statement using will think hard about.Step 2: Read part (2): an appropriate legal framework to. This phrase correctly leads into an infinitive of purpose.Step 3: Read part (3) as it was originally stored: prevent the capture of regulatories by special interests. Here, regulatories stands out as a non standard noun.Step 4: Recall that the standard plural noun is regulators, referring to authorities or agencies that regulate markets or sectors.Step 5: Recognise that regulatory is an adjective and should not be used with a plural s as a noun in this context.Step 6: Conclude that part (3) contains the wrong word form and should be corrected to prevent the capture of regulators by special interests. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, insert the corrected noun and read the full sentence: Policy makers will think hard about creating an appropriate legal framework to prevent the capture of regulators by special interests. This version uses established terminology from economics and public policy. Another check is to search your memory for common collocations: phrases like independent regulators, financial regulators, and regulators of the telecom sector all use the noun regulators, never regulatories. This confirms that the error lies in the third part. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) is grammatically correct, with no tense or agreement errors.Option 2: Part (2) is also grammatically correct and properly introduces the purpose of creating the framework.Option 4: Since part (3) contains a clear noun formation error, it is incorrect to claim that the sentence has no error. Common Pitfalls: Many learners may not be familiar with the technical term regulatory capture and may therefore fail to notice the wrong noun form. Another pitfall is assuming that any word ending in ory can simply receive an s to become a plural noun, but this is not true. It is important to identify whether a word is functioning as an adjective or a noun before pluralising it. Understanding typical language used in news and policy discussions also helps in avoiding such mistakes. Final Answer: The incorrect noun form appears in the third part, so the correct option is 3.

Question 11

In the following sentence, one numbered part may have an error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: People would see bitcoins current price rise (1) / as…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on pronoun reference and possessive forms. The sentence discusses how people interpret the current price movement of bitcoin. The error in the original version lay in the phrase their bright future, which incorrectly used a plural possessive pronoun to refer to the singular currency bitcoin. The corrected version replaces that with its bright future. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered parts, with a No Error option. Part (1) refers to bitcoins current price rise. Part (2) refers to its bright future. Part (3) describes bitcoin as a stateless currency. Concept / Approach: The essential concept is pronoun agreement in number. A singular noun like bitcoin requires singular possessive pronouns such as its, not their. Using their would suggest multiple people or multiple entities, which would not correctly match a single digital asset. Therefore, in the phrase reflection of its bright future, the pronoun must be singular. The stored sentence had their bright future in part (2), which is wrong. Part (2) is therefore the problematic segment. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Look at part (1): People would see bitcoins current price rise. The possessive form bitcoins in the stored data should technically be bitcoin's, but examination focus is on the pronoun in the next part.Step 2: Look at part (2) in the stored form: as merely a reflection of their bright future. Here, their does not clearly refer to any plural noun.Step 3: Recognise that the logical referent for the pronoun is the singular asset bitcoin, which is a singular noun.Step 4: Therefore, the pronoun must be its, which is the singular possessive pronoun used for things, including currencies.Step 5: Examine part (3): as a stateless currency. This is a correct descriptive phrase and is grammatically sound.Step 6: Conclude that part (2) contains the pronoun error and must be corrected from their bright future to its bright future. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, read the full corrected sentence: People would see bitcoins current price rise as merely a reflection of its bright future as a stateless currency. Now the pronoun its clearly refers back to the singular noun bitcoins price movement. As another check, imagine replacing bitcoin with another singular asset, such as gold. You would say golds current price rise reflects its bright future, not their bright future. This test supports the correction. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) is acceptable in exam usage, even though formal writing would prefer bitcoin's current price rise with an apostrophe.Option 3: Part (3) uses as a stateless currency correctly to describe the nature of bitcoin and does not contain a grammar error.Option 4: Because part (2) originally contained an incorrect plural pronoun, the sentence is not error free, so No Error cannot be correct. Common Pitfalls: Examiners often use their because it sounds more natural to modern ears, especially when referring to entities whose gender is not specified. However, number agreement still matters. Another pitfall is that learners may get distracted by the financial terminology and ignore the short pronoun. Focusing on pronoun antecedent relationships in each clause is crucial for success in error spotting tasks. Final Answer: The wrong pronoun choice appears in the second part, so the correct option is 2.

Question 12

In the following sentence, one numbered part may have an error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: A focused programme to universalize education and (1)…

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Introduction / Context: This question tests knowledge of fixed prepositional phrases, specifically the expression conflict with the law. The sentence describes how education and skills training might reduce juvenile crime. In the stored version, the phrase was conflict within the law, which does not have the correct meaning in this context. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three parts plus a No Error option. Part (1) talks about a focused programme to universalize education and. Part (2) mentions skills training would potentially keep. Part (3) refers to juveniles from coming into conflict with the law. Concept / Approach: The central concept is correct preposition use in the phrase conflict with the law, which means involvement in illegal activities or legal trouble. The phrase conflict within the law would suggest disagreement that is still inside legal boundaries, which is not what the sentence intends. Since the idea is to keep juveniles away from legal trouble, the correct preposition is with, not within. The stored sentence had within, so part (3) is the erroneous segment. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): A focused programme to universalize education and. This is grammatically correct and introduces the idea of a programme aimed at broad education.Step 2: Read part (2): skills training would potentially keep. This is also correct and leads into the object that will be kept from something.Step 3: Read part (3) in the original form: juveniles from coming into conflict within the law. Here, within the law looks suspicious.Step 4: Recall the standard phrase come into conflict with the law, which refers to involvement in crime or legal trouble.Step 5: Recognise that within the law means inside the limits of law, which would contradict the intended meaning of preventing legal conflicts.Step 6: Conclude that part (3) contains the wrong preposition and should use with instead of within. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, rewrite part (3) with the correct preposition: juveniles from coming into conflict with the law. The full sentence becomes: A focused programme to universalize education and skills training would potentially keep juveniles from coming into conflict with the law. This is a familiar expression in discussions about crime and juvenile justice. Another check is to compare with similar phrases like in conflict with someone or at odds with the law, which all use with to indicate opposition or trouble. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) is structurally correct and does not contain a grammar error.Option 2: Part (2) is grammatically sound and appropriately uses would potentially keep to express a conditional effect.Option 4: Because part (3) originally had the incorrect preposition within, the sentence is not error free, so No Error is not the correct answer. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may not be familiar with the fixed phrase conflict with the law and may accept within the law because they have seen phrases like acting within the law. However, those phrases describe lawful behaviour, not trouble with authorities. This can lead to confusion. It is important to pay attention to whole expressions rather than evaluating each preposition in isolation. Final Answer: The incorrect preposition appears in the third part, so the correct option is 3.

Question 13

In the following sentence, one numbered part may have an error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: Stringent penalties have a lower chance (1) / of bein…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This item assesses correct noun usage in a legal context. It contrasts stringent penalties with fines that are proportionate to the offence. In the stored question, the phrase used was proportionate to the offend, which is wrong because offend is a verb, not a noun. Learners must recognise the need for the noun offence in this position. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered parts plus a No Error option. Part (1) states that stringent penalties have a lower chance. Part (2) continues with of being imposed, as compared to fines that. Part (3) ends with are proportionate to the offence. Concept / Approach: The main concept is distinguishing between verb and noun forms. The verb offend means to commit an offence, while offence is the noun that refers to the wrongful act itself. Legal writing typically uses the phrase proportionate to the offence when describing fines that match the seriousness of the wrongdoing. The stored text had offend instead of offence, so the error lies in part (3). Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): Stringent penalties have a lower chance. This sets up a comparison and is grammatically correct.Step 2: Read part (2): of being imposed, as compared to fines that. This part correctly shows that such penalties are less likely to be applied than certain fines.Step 3: Read part (3) in the stored form: are proportionate to the offend. Here, offend appears as a noun, but in English it is a verb form.Step 4: Recall that the correct noun is offence, which names the unlawful act.Step 5: Replace offend with offence and see that the phrase are proportionate to the offence now makes legal sense.Step 6: Conclude that part (3) contains the error and must be corrected. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can compare with common collocations used in laws and judgments: punishment must be proportionate to the offence, fines proportionate to the severity of the offence, and so on. None of these use the verb offend in that position. Another check is to ask whether the word could take an article like the. We can say the offence, but not the offend. This confirms that the original stored phrase was incorrect, and part (3) is where the error lies. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) is grammatically correct and correctly uses the plural subject penalties with have.Option 2: Part (2) is also correct, using the passive being imposed and the comparative phrase as compared to fines that.Option 4: Since part (3) originally used the wrong form of the word, the sentence is not error free, so No Error cannot be chosen. Common Pitfalls: In fast reading, learners may overlook the small difference between offend and offence, especially if they are more familiar with the verb form. Another pitfall is focusing on the complex phrase stringent penalties and ignoring the straightforward collocation proportionate to the offence. Being alert to verb versus noun distinctions is essential in legal and formal English contexts. Final Answer: The wrong word form appears in the third part, so the correct option is 3.

Question 14

In the following passage some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the first blank out of the four alternatives. Life is full of ______ types of experiences. Strange, in fact, are the ways of …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is a vocabulary based cloze test from a short passage about the ups and downs of life. The passage contrasts happiness and unhappiness, pleasant experiences and painful ones, and being on top of the world versus feeling depressed. The first blank needs an adjective that captures the idea that life contains many different kinds of experiences. The options offered are varied, systematic, allied, and amplified. Given Data / Assumptions: The first sentence of the passage reads: Life is full of ______ types of experiences. The rest of the passage describes contrasting experiences such as joy and sorrow, success and depression. The correct option must fit both grammatically and logically with the entire theme of changing life situations. The four answer choices each have distinct meanings, and only one matches the context well. Concept / Approach: The central idea of the passage is variety and contrast in human experiences. The writer emphasises that life can be joyful at one moment and sad at another, and that circumstances change. Therefore, the word in the blank must convey diversity in types of experiences. The adjective varied means of many different kinds, which fits this theme perfectly. The other options do not express this sense of diversity and do not match the tone or meaning of the passage. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the full passage to understand its message: life brings happiness and unhappiness, pleasant and painful experiences, and emotional highs and lows.Step 2: Focus on the blank in the sentence Life is full of ______ types of experiences. The sentence suggests that life does not contain only one type of experience but many.Step 3: Consider the option varied. It means different in kind, diverse, or showing variety. This meaning fits exactly with the idea that life includes many different experiences.Step 4: Consider systematic. This describes something arranged according to a system or method, which does not relate to the variety of experiences but to organisation or procedure.Step 5: Consider allied. This means related or connected, usually used for people or things that are on the same side or share a common cause. It does not express the idea that experiences are of many different kinds.Step 6: Consider amplified. This means enlarged, increased, or made louder. It can describe sound or intensity, but it does not fit logically with types of experiences in this context. Verification / Alternative check: To verify the choice, substitute varied into the sentence and read it with the rest of the passage: Life is full of varied types of experiences. Strange, in fact, are the ways of God. If a man is happy today, he may be equally unhappy the very next day. Some experiences are pleasant and joyful while others are full of sorrow and pain. If at one time a person finds himself on top of the world, at the very next time he is depressed and downcast. The word varied clearly harmonises with the strong contrasts described, reinforcing the theme that life offers many different experiences, both positive and negative. None of the other options reinforce this theme as effectively. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 2 (systematic): This would imply that experiences follow an organised system or pattern, which is not the point being made. The passage emphasises unpredictability and change, not methodical structure.Option 3 (allied): This suggests that the types of experiences are closely related or united, which contradicts the passage that stresses contrasts such as joy versus sorrow.Option 4 (amplified): This focuses on intensity or enlargement, typically of sound or effect, and does not describe the range or variety of experiences. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may be tempted by systematic because they associate life with systems and routines, but the rest of the passage does not support that interpretation. Others might choose amplified simply because it sounds impressive, without checking whether it truly fits the collocation types of experiences. Always check that the chosen word matches the key idea and mood of the entire passage, not just the blank by itself. Final Answer: The adjective that correctly expresses that life contains many different kinds of experiences is varied.

Question 15

In this passage about the changing experiences of life, choose the option that best completes the sentence "If a man is happy today, he may be ______ unhappy the very next day."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This English grammar multiple choice question is based on a cloze passage about the ups and downs of life. The specific sentence asks us to complete the phrase "he may be ______ unhappy the very next day". The task is to select the adverb that fits best in normal English usage and expresses the correct degree of unhappiness within the context of the passage about changing experiences in life. Given Data / Assumptions: The wider passage states that life is full of many types of experiences, both pleasant and painful. The key sentence is "If a man is happy today, he may be ______ unhappy the very next day." We must choose the most appropriate word from the given options to complete this sentence in standard English. We assume normal modern usage of British or Indian English grammar and vocabulary for competitive exams. Concept / Approach: This item tests knowledge of adverbs of degree and collocations in English. The word placed before the adjective "unhappy" should modify the intensity of the unhappiness in a natural and idiomatic way. Common collocations like "quite unhappy", "very unhappy", and "deeply unhappy" are natural. Words like "most", "quietly", or "major" do not usually precede "unhappy" in this structure. Therefore the approach is to check meaning, grammar, and common usage patterns in context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the complete sentence: "If a man is happy today, he may be ______ unhappy the very next day." Step 2: Notice that the blank comes before the adjective "unhappy", so we require an adverb or degree word which modifies "unhappy". Step 3: Test each option in the sentence: "most unhappy", "quietly unhappy", "quite unhappy", "major unhappy", and "very unhappy". Step 4: "Quite unhappy" is a very common and natural English expression that means "rather unhappy" or "considerably unhappy", and it matches the contrast between being happy one day and significantly unhappy the next. Step 5: Confirm that "quite" functions as an adverb of degree and fits both grammatically and contextually better than the other options in this cloze passage. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, read the surrounding idea from the passage. The text explains that life contains both happy and sad experiences and that a person can move quickly from one emotional state to another. When we insert "quite" in the sentence, we get "If a man is happy today, he may be quite unhappy the very next day." This sentence is smooth, idiomatic, and clearly shows the contrast. Other choices either sound awkward or change the meaning. Therefore, "quite" is the most suitable filler. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "most": The phrase "most unhappy" is grammatically possible but usually requires a definite context like "the most unhappy person". Here we are not making a comparison; we only want a moderate degree, so it does not fit well. "quietly": This describes manner, not degree. "Quietly unhappy" means unhappy in a silent way, which is not the focus of the passage. The passage focuses on degree and change, not on manner. "major": "Major unhappy" is not a natural English collocation. "Major" usually modifies nouns like "major problem", not adjectives like "unhappy" in this way. "very": Although "very unhappy" is possible, competitive exam cloze passages are usually created around a particular intended word. The standard collocation and expected exam key here is "quite unhappy". Common Pitfalls: Many learners quickly choose "very" because it is a familiar intensifier. Others may choose "most" under the impression that it gives a strong effect. However, cloze test questions depend on the most idiomatic and intended collocation. Ignoring collocation and only thinking about literal meaning often leads to mistakes. Another pitfall is to overlook the nuance between "quite unhappy" which suggests a considerable but not extreme degree of sadness, and "most unhappy" which sounds like an absolute superlative in many contexts. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "quite".

Question 16

In this passage about the changing experiences of life, choose the correct word to complete the sentence "Some ______ are pleasant and joyful while others are full of sorrow and pain."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This multiple choice English question continues a cloze passage describing different kinds of events in life. The sentence to be completed is "Some ______ are pleasant and joyful while others are full of sorrow and pain." We need to choose the noun that naturally fits with the rest of the passage and matches the theme of life experiences. Given Data / Assumptions: The wider passage talks about life being full of many types of experiences. One sentence states that some things are pleasant and joyful and others are full of sorrow and pain. The blank must be filled with a plural noun that can logically be described as pleasant or painful. We assume a general reading comprehension and vocabulary context based on standard English usage in exams. Concept / Approach: The key is to match the blank with the overall theme and with the earlier sentence, which mentions "types of experiences". A good cloze solver checks for semantic consistency, grammatical number, and collocation. The noun should logically refer to things that can be pleasant or painful, and it should connect back to "types of experiences" at the start of the passage. This immediately suggests that the correct word is "experiences". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the given sentence: "Some ______ are pleasant and joyful while others are full of sorrow and pain." Step 2: Recall the first line of the passage: "Life is full of many types of experiences." Step 3: Observe that the word directly connected with the idea of life events is "experiences". It is plural and can naturally be pleasant or painful. Step 4: Now test each option in the blank: "Some tenderizes", "Some rituals", "Some customs", "Some experiences", and "Some moments". Only "experiences" perfectly repeats and develops the central idea of the passage. Step 5: Confirm that "experiences" maintains both grammatical correctness and thematic unity with the rest of the passage. Verification / Alternative check: If we read the full set of related sentences, the passage says that life is full of different types of experiences, some of which are pleasant and joyful while others involve sorrow and pain. Replacing the blank with "experiences" yields the sentence "Some experiences are pleasant and joyful while others are full of sorrow and pain." This sounds completely natural and reinforces the key idea. None of the other options provide this smooth connection to the main theme, so our answer is verified. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "tenderizes": This word is usually used for softening meat or food and does not make sense when followed by "are pleasant and joyful". It is also grammatically strange after "Some". "rituals": Rituals can be joyful or solemn, but the passage is clearly discussing "types of experiences" in general, not religious or cultural acts specifically. "customs": Customs refer to habitual practices of a community. Again, the passage is talking about events and feelings in life, not only cultural practices. "moments": While "moments" can be pleasant or painful, the passage already introduced "types of experiences". Using "experiences" for the blank creates a clear repetition and unity, which is typical in cloze passages. "Moments" does not link as strongly to that earlier phrase. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to pick any word that can be pleasant or painful without reading the whole passage. For example, a candidate may choose "rituals" or "moments" because they appear meaningful in isolation. However, cloze tests reward careful attention to thematic links. Another pitfall is ignoring the earlier line about "types of experiences". The best practice is always to read both backward and forward around the blank before deciding. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "experiences".

Question 17

In this moral passage about life, choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence "while others are full of ______ and pain."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests vocabulary and reading comprehension in a cloze passage that contrasts joyful events with painful ones. The sentence to complete is "Some experiences are pleasant and joyful while others are full of ______ and pain." The blank needs a literary or emotional word that naturally pairs with "pain" so that the whole phrase expresses intense sadness and suffering. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage is about the variety of human experiences, some happy and some sad. The specific sentence describes experiences that are "full of ______ and pain". The options are abstract nouns with slightly literary or philosophical meanings. We assume the exam aims to test knowledge of higher level vocabulary commonly used in English literature and moral essays. Concept / Approach: The key concept here is the meaning of the word "pathos". In literature and everyday usage, "pathos" refers to a quality that evokes pity, deep sadness, or sorrow in a reader or observer. A classic phrase is "full of pathos and pain" to describe a moving and tragic situation. Therefore, the approach is to understand the meanings of each option and then choose the one that collocates naturally with "pain" and fits the emotional tone of the passage about human suffering. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the complete sentence with the blank: "Some experiences are pleasant and joyful while others are full of ______ and pain." Step 2: Identify the required meaning. The word must suggest sadness or deep emotional suffering. Step 3: Recall that "pathos" is a literary term describing a quality that arouses pity or sorrow. It is often used in contexts involving tragedy and intense emotion. Step 4: Insert each option and check the phrase: "full of ethos and pain", "full of mythos and pain", "full of echoes and pain", "full of pathos and pain", and "full of sorrows and pain". Only "full of pathos and pain" is a standard and elegant expression in English. Step 5: Confirm that "pathos" completes the contrast between pleasant, joyful experiences and sad, painful ones in a stylistically appropriate way. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify our answer by thinking of typical combinations seen in literature and moral essays. Writers frequently talk about "scenes full of pathos" or "a story full of pathos and pain", especially when describing tragic events. The passage is clearly philosophical and reflective, so a literary term is suitable. Also, other options do not convey the correct emotional content. Therefore, "pathos" is confirmed as the best fit for the blank. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "ethos": Ethos refers to the characteristic spirit, moral values, or credibility of a culture or speaker. It does not mean sadness or suffering, so it does not match the phrase with "pain". "mythos": Mythos refers to a set of beliefs or myths, especially in literature or culture. It is not used to describe emotional suffering in this way. "echoes": While "echoes" can be poetic, the phrase "full of echoes and pain" is not a standard collocation and does not match the earlier idea of different types of experiences as well as "pathos" does. "sorrows": The phrase "full of sorrows and pain" is understandable but slightly redundant, since "sorrows" and "pain" overlap in meaning. Examination cloze passages often aim at a particular textbook collocation, and here that collocation is "pathos and pain". Common Pitfalls: Learners who are unfamiliar with the word "pathos" may be tempted by "sorrows" because it looks simpler and clearly relates to sadness. Another pitfall is confusing "ethos", "mythos", and "pathos", which are often taught together in rhetoric. Remember that ethos relates to character or credibility, mythos to myths or stories, and pathos to emotion and pity. In moral and narrative passages that describe tragic situations, "pathos" is the preferred term. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "pathos".

Question 18

In this reflective passage on life, choose the correct word to complete the sentence "If at one time a person finds himself on top of the world, at the ______ time he is depressed and downcast."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze test item continues the passage about how life alternates between joy and sorrow. The sentence contrasts two different moments in a person life: one where he feels on top of the world and another where he feels depressed. The blank must contain a word that clearly signals this contrast between two different points in time. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence reads: "If at one time a person finds himself on top of the world, at the ______ time he is depressed and downcast." The passage emphasises that moods and experiences can change quickly. We need a word that contrasts with "one time" and refers to a different time or occasion. We assume standard competitive exam level English usage. Concept / Approach: The key concept is the common phrase "at one time ... at another time". In English, when we say "at one time", we naturally complete the contrast with "at another time" or "at other times". In this sentence, the missing word must pair with "one time" to highlight the difference between two occasions. Therefore, the best word is "other", giving "at the other time". The other choices either do not express contrast correctly or do not fit the idiomatic pattern. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the structure "If at one time ... at the ______ time". This clearly suggests a contrasting pair. Step 2: Recall the common English pattern "at one time ... at another time" or "at one time ... at other times". Step 3: Insert each option into the sentence: "at the most time", "at the second time", "at the last time", "at the other time", and "at the same time". Step 4: Only "other" gives a correct and meaningful contrast to "one time". The sentence becomes "If at one time a person finds himself on top of the world, at the other time he is depressed and downcast." Step 5: Confirm that "other" correctly stresses the idea that life brings different experiences at different times. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, read the earlier lines of the passage which mention that life is full of many kinds of experiences, some joyful and some painful. The writer is clearly comparing two different phases: a high phase and a low phase. Using "other" describes precisely that contrast. If we tried "same", the meaning would be ruined because it would suggest that the person is happy and depressed at the same time, which contradicts the intended idea. Thus "other" is the only fully coherent choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "most": The phrase "at the most time" is not used in standard English. "Most" can modify adjectives or nouns but does not fit this time contrast construction here. "second": "At the second time" sounds awkward in this general philosophical sentence. The writer is not counting specific visits or attempts, but talking about a general contrast of phases in life. "last": "At the last time" would refer to the final occasion, which is not the intended meaning. The passage is about repeated ups and downs, not a final event. "same": "At the same time" would mean simultaneously, which contradicts the idea of a person being at a high point at one time and a low point at another time. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to rely on literal translation from another language without considering English idioms. Some learners may also choose "second" because they see two situations and think in terms of counting. However, English prefers the contrast word "other" in such philosophical generalisations. Always look for standard patterns like "one ... other" or "one ... another" in cloze passages. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "other".

Question 19

In this passage about the generation gap, choose the correct word to complete the sentence "It is ______ if ever the most intelligent of apes ever blamed its juniors for their wayward ways."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze passage discusses the generation gap as a special feature of human society. The sentence in question reads "It is ______ if ever the most intelligent of apes ever blamed its juniors for their wayward ways." The writer wants to say that it is very unlikely that animals criticise their younger ones for behaving differently. We must choose a word that expresses this idea of uncertainty or improbability. Given Data / Assumptions: The topic is the generation gap among humans as compared to other animals. The sentence structure "It is ______ if ever..." suggests a comment on whether something has ever happened. The writer is implying that older animals do not blame younger animals the way older humans blame younger humans. We assume typical textbook style English for social science style comprehension passages. Concept / Approach: The key phrase here is "It is doubtful if ever...". In English, this is a standard pattern used to suggest that something probably never happens. Words like "certain" or "sure" state the opposite meaning. The word "classified" does not fit in meaning at all. We also consider "unlikely", which has a similar meaning to "doubtful", but the classical and most idiomatic expression used in many exam passages is "It is doubtful if ever". Hence, we select the option that best mirrors this stock phrase. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the sentence: "It is ______ if ever the most intelligent of apes ever blamed its juniors for their wayward ways." Step 2: Understand the intended message. The author wants to emphasise that non human animals probably do not criticise their young generation the way humans do. Step 3: Test each option: "It is doubtful if ever", "It is certain if ever", "It is sure if ever", "It is classified if ever", "It is unlikely if ever". Step 4: "It is doubtful if ever" is a well known expression that means "it is very unlikely that this has ever happened". Step 5: Confirm that "doubtful" fits both the grammatical pattern and the intended meaning of surprise and improbability. Verification / Alternative check: We can check the logical flow of the whole paragraph. The passage states that the generation gap is a feature that sets humans apart from other animals. Immediately after that, the author says it is doubtful that even the most intelligent ape has ever blamed its juniors for their strange behaviour. This logic reinforces the idea that only humans have this habit. Among the options, "doubtful" is the only one that expresses this sense while keeping the sentence natural and idiomatic. Although "unlikely" is close in meaning, the traditional phrase used in exam style prose is "It is doubtful if ever". Why Other Options Are Wrong: "certain": This would give "It is certain if ever..." which is grammatically and logically wrong. The author is not claiming certainty that apes blame their juniors, but suggesting the opposite. "sure": Similar to "certain", it expresses strong affirmation. The sentence would then conflict with the main point that animals do not behave like humans in this respect. "classified": This word relates to categories or secrecy and has nothing to do with the probability of something happening. "unlikely": While "unlikely" is close in meaning, the specific phrase "It is unlikely if ever" is less natural and less commonly used than "It is doubtful if ever". Exam passages usually copy standard idiomatic patterns, so "doubtful" is the accurate key. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes focus only on the dictionary meaning and pick any negative sounding word. They might consider "unlikely" simply because it looks similar in meaning, without thinking about fixed phrases that appear frequently in quality prose. Another pitfall is ignoring the flow of the text and assuming the author is making a strong positive statement, which might lead to choosing "certain" or "sure". Always pay attention to both meaning and collocation when solving cloze passages. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "doubtful".

Question 20

In the passage on the generation gap, choose the correct word to complete the phrase "its juniors for their ______ ways".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is another blank from the passage about the generation gap and how elders often criticise younger people. The sentence refers to elders blaming "juniors for their ______ ways". We need a word that describes the behaviour of the younger generation in a negative or disapproving manner, which fits the theme of the generation gap. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage talks about older people complaining about the behaviour of younger people. The key phrase is "juniors for their ______ ways". The word must be an adjective modifying "ways". The tone is critical and suggests that elders consider the behaviour of juniors to be problematic or odd. Concept / Approach: The phrase "wayward ways" is a well known collocation in English. "Wayward" means unpredictable, difficult to control, or tending to behave in an unacceptable or rebellious manner. It fits perfectly with the idea of elders blaming the younger generation for not following traditional rules. Therefore, our approach is to identify which option naturally forms a meaningful and idiomatic phrase with "ways" in this social context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the phrase "juniors for their ______ ways". The adjective must describe behaviour. Step 2: Examine the options and think about their meanings: "blizzard", "wayward", "motivated", "pointed", "eccentric". Step 3: Recall that "wayward ways" is a fixed expression meaning disobedient or unpredictable behaviour. Step 4: Insert "wayward" into the sentence: "juniors for their wayward ways". This sounds natural and matches the complaint of older people. Step 5: Confirm that no other option forms such a natural and context appropriate phrase with "ways" in this passage. Verification / Alternative check: Reading the surrounding sentences, we see that the author is comparing human elders to animals and saying that only humans blame their juniors for behaving differently. "Wayward ways" nicely captures the disapproving attitude of elders towards what they see as unruly behaviour. Other words either do not fit grammatically or do not reflect the negative judgement implied by the passage. Therefore, "wayward" stands out as the correct and idiomatic choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "blizzard": This word refers to a snowstorm and has no connection with behaviour. It cannot logically modify "ways" in this sentence. "motivated": Although grammatically possible, "motivated ways" would suggest positive, driven behaviour, which does not match the idea of elder criticism. "pointed": "Pointed ways" is not a standard expression. "Pointed" usually describes remarks, questions, or features, not general ways of behaving here. "eccentric": While "eccentric ways" could refer to strange behaviour, the passage uses the more literary and familiar collocation "wayward ways". The question is designed around that specific phrase. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes overlook common collocations and choose words only based on their dictionary meanings. Another trap is to choose a difficult sounding word like "eccentric" simply because it appears advanced. The safer strategy in cloze passages is to select the word that creates a natural, frequently used phrase in context. Remember that "wayward ways" is a common combination in discussions of youth behaviour. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the phrase is "wayward".

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