Question 1

In the following question, a sentence in Active voice is given. Select the option that best expresses the same meaning in Passive voice: They lock the door every night.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of voice transformation, specifically converting an active voice sentence in the simple present tense into its passive voice equivalent. Such conversions are very common in grammar sections of competitive exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The active sentence is They lock the door every night. The subject is they, the verb is lock in simple present tense, and the object is the door. The adverbial phrase every night describes frequency. In passive voice, the object the door becomes the grammatical subject, and the tense and aspect must match the original sentence. Concept / Approach: To convert an active simple present sentence of the form subject plus base verb plus object into passive, we use the structure object plus is or are plus past participle plus by plus subject. Here, the door is singular, so we use is locked. The phrase every night should remain at the end of the sentence, and the agent they can be retained as by them, although in real life it is often omitted. The key is to preserve tense and meaning. Step-by-Step Solution: First, identify the tense of the active sentence. They lock the door uses the simple present form lock, not a continuous or perfect form.Second, form the passive auxiliary with the correct be verb. Since the door is singular and the tense is simple present, we use is.Third, use the past participle of lock, which is locked.Fourth, bring in the agent phrase by them at the end to show who performs the action, and keep every night as the frequency adverbial.This yields The door is locked every night by them, which matches option D. Verification / Alternative check: We can check correctness by converting back to active voice. From The door is locked every night by them, we produce They lock the door every night. The tense, subject, object, and frequency phrase all match the original sentence, confirming that we have made a correct and reversible transformation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A uses the past continuous passive was being locked, which changes the tense and aspect to past continuous and misrepresents the habitual present meaning. Option B uses has been locked, which is present perfect passive, again changing the tense and suggesting that the action started in the past and continues to the present. Option C uses had been locked, which is past perfect passive and does not match the simple present habitual sense. These options therefore do not correctly reflect the original tense and meaning. Common Pitfalls: Some learners mechanically choose any passive form that seems familiar without paying attention to tense. Others confuse the simple present with the present perfect, especially when adverbs like every night are present. To avoid these mistakes, always identify the tense and aspect of the original verb first, then construct a passive form that uses the same tense and aspect with the appropriate form of be and the past participle. Final Answer: The correct passive sentence is The door is locked every night by them.

Question 2

Select the antonym of VILE in the context of a person’s character or behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your knowledge of basic vocabulary, specifically the antonym of the adjective vile when it describes a person or action as morally disgusting or extremely bad. Recognising both synonyms and antonyms of such common words is essential in verbal ability tests. Given Data / Assumptions: The word vile usually means morally despicable, extremely unpleasant, or disgusting. The options given are virtuous, coarse, vicious, and abject. We assume the word is used about character or behaviour rather than about smell or taste, so the moral sense is most relevant here. Concept / Approach: An antonym expresses an opposite or near opposite meaning. For a negative moral term like vile, we look for a positive moral quality. Virtuous means having or showing high moral standards and integrity. Coarse means rough or lacking refinement, which is not exactly the opposite of vile. Vicious means extremely cruel or violent, which is close in meaning to vile, not opposite. Abject means extremely bad, unpleasant, or degrading, again similar to vile rather than opposed to it. Step-by-Step Solution: First, recall that vile can describe a vile act, a vile crime, or a vile person, all indicating extreme moral badness.Second, examine virtuous. This word is used for people who are honest, kind, and morally upright. It clearly represents a positive moral quality.Third, examine coarse. This describes someone or something that lacks refinement or is slightly rude. A coarse joke may be off colour, but not necessarily deeply evil, so it is not a direct opposite of vile.Fourth, examine vicious. This word is used for violent, cruel, or savage behaviour, which is very close in strength to vile and therefore functions as a synonym, not an antonym.Fifth, examine abject. Abject poverty or abject misery refers to a very low and miserable state, again negative and similar in tone to vile.Since only virtuous expresses a positive moral quality opposite to vile, it is the correct choice. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by creating pairs of opposite sentences. A vile act is morally disgusting, while a virtuous act is morally admirable. The two words sit on opposite ends of a moral scale. On the other hand, a vicious act is very similar to a vile act, and abject misery is compatible with vile conditions, not opposed to them. This simple check confirms that virtuous functions as an antonym. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Coarse mainly refers to social roughness or lack of sophistication and does not address deep moral goodness or badness. Vicious is near synonym for cruel and evil and hence close to vile rather than opposite. Abject describes an extreme degree of something negative, such as poverty or humiliation, and again sits on the negative side along with vile. None of these words provides a clear positive moral counterpart. Common Pitfalls: A typical error in antonym questions is to choose a word with any negative flavour as an opposite for another negative word, which leads to selecting a synonym by mistake. Another pitfall is to focus only on the intensity of a word rather than the direction of its moral value. To avoid these mistakes, always ask whether a candidate word makes a sentence positive where the original word made it negative, or vice versa. Final Answer: The correct antonym of vile in this context is virtuous.

Question 3

Improve the bracketed part of the sentence by choosing the option that is grammatically correct and best preserves the meaning: We (should had) the confidence that we will surely succeed one day.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence improvement question tests basic auxiliary verb usage in English. The original phrase should had is incorrect, and you must replace it with a grammatically correct alternative that still expresses the intended sense of appropriate attitude or obligation about confidence in future success. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is We blank the confidence that we will surely succeed one day. The idea is not about past possibility or evidence but about what is proper or advisable. Therefore, the correct auxiliary should express a recommendation or moral obligation concerning our present mental state. Concept / Approach: In English, should is used with the base form of a verb to indicate duty, advice, or expectation, as in We should study or You should be careful. When should combines with have, it forms should have followed by a past participle, usually to talk about past obligations. In the structure we should have the confidence, however, have functions as a main verb meaning possess, not as part of a perfect tense. The combination should have in this sentence is still correct because should takes the base verb have. The expression should had is never grammatical. Could have and must have usually refer to past possibilities or deductions and do not fit this present general statement. Step-by-Step Solution: First, replace should had with should have. The sentence becomes We should have the confidence that we will surely succeed one day. This is grammatical and expresses that it is right or advisable to possess confidence.Second, try could have. We could have the confidence suggests mere possibility rather than a sense of duty or inner requirement.Third, try must have. We must have the confidence sounds stronger and closer to a command, but in many exam contexts should have is preferred for advice and encouragement.Fourth, evaluate the no improvement option. Since should had is clearly incorrect, no improvement cannot be right.Therefore, should have is the best replacement, both grammatically and in meaning. Verification / Alternative check: We can compare similar sentences: We should have faith, We should have patience, or We should have hope for the future. All of these are common and correct. The structure is subject plus should plus base verb have plus object noun, where have is a main verb. With could have or must have, there may be confusion with perfect tense forms, such as They must have gone, which talk about past events instead of present attitudes. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Could have suggests possibility rather than an appropriate or recommended state, which weakens the motivational tone of the sentence. Must have can sound acceptable but is usually used for strong necessity or logical deduction and is not as natural in this context as should have. No improvement is wrong because should had violates the basic rule that modal verbs like should are always followed by the base form of the main verb, not a past form. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse the pattern modal plus have plus past participle with cases where have is an independent verb. They also occasionally treat had as if it could follow any modal. Remember that modals such as should, could, and must are always followed by the base form of the next verb, never by a past form. When have itself is the main verb meaning possess, the base form is still have, not had. Final Answer: The correct improvement is should have, so the sentence should read We should have the confidence that we will surely succeed one day.

Question 4

In the following question, choose the single word that is the best substitute for the given phrase: To invent something in order to deceive.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of one word substitutes, an important area in competitive English exams. The phrase given is to invent something in order to deceive, which points to a very specific verb used when people create false stories, evidence, or claims. Given Data / Assumptions: The phrase focuses on inventing with an intention to mislead or cheat. It does not refer to creating something neutral or positive, such as composing music or formulating a plan. The word we choose must therefore include both creation and dishonesty in its meaning. Concept / Approach: Formulate means to create or express an idea or plan carefully, with no implication of deception. Compose means to write or create music, poetry, or text. Project can function as a verb meaning to forecast, to throw, or to plan, again without a built in sense of lying. Fabricate, however, has a special meaning in legal and everyday contexts where it means to invent false information or evidence in order to deceive others. Step-by-Step Solution: First, compare formulate with the phrase. While we can formulate a theory or a strategy, the verb does not automatically imply dishonesty, so it does not precisely match the phrase.Second, consider compose. We compose letters, songs, or essays, but the word gives no sense that these creations are intentionally false.Third, examine project. To project sales or project an image does not necessarily involve deception and usually refers to prediction or display.Fourth, examine fabricate. This verb is commonly used in phrases like fabricate evidence, fabricate a story, or fabricate charges, all of which mean to make up something false in order to mislead.Therefore, fabricate is the only option whose meaning aligns exactly with the phrase in the question. Verification / Alternative check: Look up example sentences in your memory: The witness had fabricated his testimony, The documents were fabricated, or She was accused of fabricating the entire story. In each case, fabricate clearly combines invention with deceit. In contrast, sentences like She formulated a policy or He composed a song do not convey any dishonest intention. This confirms that fabricate is the best one word substitute. Why Other Options Are Wrong: To formulate emphasises careful planning or expression and is neutral in moral tone. To compose focuses on artistic or written creation and also carries no necessary idea of lying. To project may involve presenting an image or predicting, but again does not indicate deliberate falsehood. Only fabricate has the negative sense of creating something false or artificial in order to trick others. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates choose words based only on the create part of the phrase and ignore the in order to deceive part. This leads them to pick formulate or compose, which only capture half the meaning. Others may be misled by the popularity of terms like project in business English. For one word substitute questions, always ensure that the chosen word matches the full phrase, including any moral or emotional colouring. Final Answer: The correct one word substitute is to fabricate.

Question 5

In the following vocabulary question, select the word which is the closest synonym of the informal adjective "nifty", often used to describe something stylish, clever or very good.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of informal English vocabulary. The word "nifty" is a casual adjective often used in everyday conversation, advertising and journalism. You are asked to choose the option that is closest in meaning to this word, so you must focus on its usual positive sense rather than guess from sound alone. Given Data / Assumptions: The key word is "nifty". Option A: dandy. Option B: obnoxious. Option C: grody. Option D: gross. We assume the question is about the most common meaning of "nifty" in modern informal English. Concept / Approach: "Nifty" is usually a positive word. It means neat, clever, stylish, attractive or very good. Something can be a nifty gadget, a nifty trick, or a nifty solution to a problem. Therefore, the correct synonym must also carry a positive and appreciative meaning. "Dandy" in informal usage means very good or excellent. The other options are strongly negative in tone, so they cannot be synonyms of a positive word like "nifty". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the common uses of "nifty" in sentences such as "This is a nifty little tool" or "That was a nifty idea". The tone is clearly positive.Step 2: Check option A, "dandy". In informal English, "dandy" can mean very good or excellent, as in "That would be just dandy". This matches the tone and sense of "nifty".Step 3: Check option B, "obnoxious". This describes something or someone very unpleasant or offensive, which is the opposite of a compliment.Step 4: Check option C, "grody". Slang like "grody" suggests something disgusting or dirty, again clearly negative.Step 5: Check option D, "gross". In informal speech, "gross" often means very unpleasant or disgusting. This is also negative and does not fit. Verification / Alternative check: Try substituting each option into a sentence such as "This is a really nifty gadget". "This is a really dandy gadget" is understandable and stays positive. The sentences "This is a really obnoxious or grody or gross gadget" completely change the meaning and turn the remark into criticism. This confirms that only "dandy" is a true synonym in this context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Obnoxious" expresses strong dislike. "Grody" and "gross" describe things that are dirty, unpleasant or disgusting. All of these words convey negative feelings, which clashes with the positive sense of "nifty". Therefore they cannot be accepted as synonyms here. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to rely on sound rather than meaning. "Nifty", "grody" and "gross" all sound like slang, but slang words can have opposite meanings. Always focus on the core dictionary meaning and typical usage rather than simply choosing another informal sounding word. Final Answer: The word that is closest in meaning to "nifty" is dandy, so option A is correct.

Question 6

In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the idiom "to foam at the mouth".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is about understanding an English idiom. Idioms are expressions whose meanings cannot always be guessed from the individual words. The phrase "to foam at the mouth" may sound literal, but in everyday speech it is used metaphorically. You must select the option that correctly captures its figurative meaning. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "to foam at the mouth". Option A: to be very angry. Option B: to shout loudly. Option C: to get very weak, dizzy. Option D: to die of poisoning. We assume the context is typical conversational or descriptive English rather than medical description. Concept / Approach: Literally, an animal or a person might foam at the mouth due to disease or seizure. However, in idiomatic English, the phrase usually describes someone who is extremely angry or furious, almost as if they have lost control. The image suggests such intense rage that it seems physical. Therefore the correct answer must connect the phrase with extreme anger, not with simple shouting, weakness or death. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall how the idiom is used in stories and reports. You may read that a fan was "foaming at the mouth" about a referee decision. This does not mean a medical emergency, it means the fan was extremely angry.Step 2: Examine option A, "to be very angry". This perfectly matches the common figurative sense of the idiom.Step 3: Examine option B, "to shout loudly". While very angry people may shout, the idiom focuses on the degree of anger, not just on volume of voice.Step 4: Examine option C, "to get very weak, dizzy". This relates to physical collapse and does not match the usual contexts where this idiom appears.Step 5: Examine option D, "to die of poisoning". That is a literal possible cause of actual foaming, but it is not the figurative idiomatic meaning tested in language exams. Verification / Alternative check: Place each option in a sentence. "He was foaming at the mouth when he heard the news" is naturally paraphrased as "He was very angry when he heard the news." Replacing it with "He was shouting loudly" or "He was very weak and dizzy" does not match the emotional reaction usually implied. Thus only option A is accurate. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B is too narrow and focuses on a possible symptom, not on the intense emotional state. Option C and option D move the meaning towards illness and death, which may occur in real life but are not what this idiom signifies in normal conversation or examination usage. Therefore they are distractors, not correct meanings. Common Pitfalls: Many learners confuse literal and figurative meanings, especially with vivid phrases like this one. In exam questions about idioms, you should always ask whether the choices reflect a common figurative use, not only a physical possibility. Remember that idioms such as "hit the ceiling", "see red" and "foam at the mouth" all relate to intense anger. Final Answer: The idiom "to foam at the mouth" means to be very angry, so option A is correct.

Question 7

In the following sentence, some part of the sentence may have an error. Identify the part that contains an error, or select "No error" if the sentence is grammatically correct.   Sentence: Since they were all dressed up, she assumed they were going …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your ability to spot grammatical errors in a complex sentence. The sentence is divided into labelled parts A, B, C and D, where D stands for "No error". You must determine whether any grammatical, tense or agreement mistake exists, or whether the sentence is already correct as it is written. Given Data / Assumptions: Part A: Since they were all dressed up, Part B: she assumed they Part C: were going to church together. Part D: No error. We assume that punctuation marks are acceptable and that the question is about standard English grammar, not style. Concept / Approach: The sentence describes a past situation and a past assumption. All verb forms therefore need to be in the past, with proper subject verb agreement. The conjunction "since" introduces a reason clause. The expression "dressed up" is idiomatic and correct. The phrase "were going to church together" correctly expresses a past intention or plan. The reported belief "she assumed they were going" is a normal reported speech structure in the past. If all these checks pass, then the correct answer must be "No error". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Check the tense sequence. The verbs "were", "assumed" (understood) and "were going" all refer to past time, which is consistent and grammatically correct.Step 2: Inspect part A, "Since they were all dressed up". "Since" introduces cause, "they" is the plural subject, and "were" is the correct plural past form. "Dressed up" is a standard phrasal adjective meaning wearing formal or special clothes. No error here.Step 3: Inspect part B, "she assumed they". The subject "she" and verb "assumed" (understood in context) form a grammatically correct past tense clause.Step 4: Inspect part C, "were going to church together". The plural subject "they" correctly takes "were going", and the phrase "to church together" is idiomatic and meaningful.Step 5: Because parts A, B and C are all grammatically correct and express a clear meaning, the appropriate choice is part D, "No error". Verification / Alternative check: Try rewriting the sentence without labels: "Since they were all dressed up, she assumed they were going to church together." Native speakers would accept this sentence without hesitation. There is no mismatch of tenses, no missing article, and no incorrect preposition. Reading it aloud confirms that it flows naturally. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Choosing A, B or C would imply that there is some hidden error in those parts. However, there is no justification for changing "since they were all dressed up", "she assumed they" or "were going to church together". Any attempted correction would either shift the tense unnecessarily or break an idiomatic expression. Common Pitfalls: Some students feel that every error spotting question must contain an error, so they choose something to change even when the sentence is correct. In many examinations, some sentences are intentionally error free to test whether candidates can confidently select the "No error" option. The key skill is to analyse each part systematically and only mark an error when you can clearly explain what is wrong and how to fix it. Final Answer: The sentence is grammatically correct in all its parts, so the correct choice is No error (D).

Question 8

In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which is the best one word substitute of the given phrase: "To disorder or disarrange someones hair, typically by running ones hands through it."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a one word substitution question based on a very specific physical action. The phrase describes disarranging or disturbing a persons hair, often by running hands through it so that it looks messy or slightly out of place. You must select the verb that is most commonly used in English for this action. Given Data / Assumptions: The phrase is "to disorder or disarrange someones hair, typically by running ones hands through it". Option A: to tangle. Option B: to crumple. Option C: to ruffle. Option D: to crease. We assume normal conversational and descriptive English usage, not highly technical language. Concept / Approach: The verb "ruffle" is widely used to describe lightly disturbing hair or feathers. For example, you can ruffle a childs hair as a friendly gesture, or a breeze can ruffle someones hair. "Tangle" means to twist into knots, "crumple" is usually used for paper or cloth, and "crease" refers to making a line or fold in fabric or paper. Therefore, "to ruffle" is the exact match for the given phrase. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the key object in the phrase: the hair. The action is about gently or playfully disturbing hair, not about destroying it.Step 2: Examine "to ruffle". It is often used for hair and feathers, and we frequently read phrases like "He ruffled her hair" or "The wind ruffled his hair". This fits the description exactly.Step 3: Check "to tangle". While hair can be tangled, the word suggests severe knots or snarls, usually from neglect, not a simple gesture of running a hand through hair.Step 4: Check "to crumple". This is used for paper, cloth or sometimes facial expressions, as in "his face crumpled". It is not the standard verb for hair.Step 5: Check "to crease". This again relates mainly to fabric or paper, as in "to crease a shirt". It does not naturally describe what you do to hair. Verification / Alternative check: Consider natural sentences. "She lovingly ruffled the childs hair" sounds normal and matches the dictionary meaning of "ruffle". In contrast, "She crumpled the childs hair" or "She creased the childs hair" are unidiomatic. "She tangled the childs hair" suggests a more severe and probably unintentional mess. Only "ruffle" captures both the sense and the gentle manner described in the phrase. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "To tangle" implies knots and difficulty in combing, which is stronger than a simple disarrangement. "To crumple" and "to crease" both focus on folds in objects like clothes or paper, and they do not collocate naturally with hair. Choosing any of these would not reflect standard English usage and would misrepresent the intention of the phrase. Common Pitfalls: Students may quickly guess "tangle" because hair is often described as tangled. However, the question specifically mentions running hands through hair, which is typically associated with a temporary, light disturbance. This is why building a mental link between "ruffle" and "hair" or "feathers" is helpful for one word substitution tasks. Final Answer: The best one word substitute for the phrase is to ruffle, so option C is correct.

Question 9

In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the informal noun "fuddy-duddy".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This item tests understanding of a colourful informal noun from English. "Fuddy-duddy" is often used to describe a particular type of person, especially in informal conversation and humorous writing. You must choose the description that most accurately matches the usual meaning of this word. Given Data / Assumptions: Word: "fuddy-duddy". Option A: an ill mannered person that one accepts willingly because he or she is a very dear friend. Option B: a person who is very old-fashioned and pompous. Option C: a shoddy work. Option D: a very confusing situation. We assume standard informal British and American English usage. Concept / Approach: "Fuddy-duddy" refers to someone who is extremely conservative, old fashioned or narrow minded, often fussy and pompous about rules and traditions. It does not describe rudeness, poor quality of work or a confusing situation. Therefore, only the option that mentions a very old fashioned and pompous person matches the correct sense of this informal noun. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the typical description of a fuddy-duddy. It is usually an older person who complains that new ideas or fashions are wrong and insists on doing things in an outdated way.Step 2: Examine option B, "a person who is very old-fashioned and pompous". This fits the standard dictionary meaning very well.Step 3: Check option A, which talks about an ill mannered but dear friend. This suggests bad manners but it does not capture the strong sense of being old-fashioned and fussy about convention.Step 4: Check option C, "a shoddy work". This shifts the focus away from a person to a piece of work, which does not match the part of speech, since "fuddy-duddy" refers to a person.Step 5: Check option D, "a very confusing situation". Again, this is about a situation, not a person, and it has no link to old fashioned attitudes. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a natural example: "Do not be such a fuddy-duddy, try this new app." Here the speaker is telling someone not to behave in an excessively conservative or outdated way. Replacing "fuddy-duddy" with "shoddy work" or "confusing situation" would make no sense. The only interpretation that works across various contexts is that of an old-fashioned, narrow minded person, as described in option B. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A introduces ill manners but not the key idea of being stuck in the past. Option C changes the noun type from person to work, and option D changes it to a situation. None of those match the meaning or normal usage of "fuddy-duddy". Common Pitfalls: Because "fuddy-duddy" sounds playful and unusual, some learners guess based only on sound. However, in vocabulary questions you must rely on actual meaning. Reading novels, essays and opinion pieces where such informal words appear can help build a strong sense of how they are used in real contexts. Final Answer: The expression "fuddy-duddy" refers to a person who is very old-fashioned and pompous, so option B is correct.

Question 10

In the following question, four spellings of similar sounding words are given. Select the option that contains the correctly spelt English word.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This spelling question tests your ability to recognise the standard spelling of English words, some of which are related to technical or formal contexts. Only one of the four options is correctly spelt, while the others contain common spelling mistakes. You must identify the correct form. Given Data / Assumptions: Option A: rocketted. Option B: bienial. Option C: actuator. Option D: statuory. We assume standard modern British or American English spelling conventions. Concept / Approach: The word "actuator" is correctly spelt and is used in engineering and technology to mean a device that causes a machine to move or operate. The other three options are incorrect spellings of "rocketed", "biennial" and "statutory". Each of these real words is spelt differently in standard English, so they cannot be accepted as correct. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine option C, "actuator". This is a valid English word, for example in the phrase "hydraulic actuator". Its spelling matches dictionary usage.Step 2: Check option A, "rocketted". The correct past tense form is "rocketed" with a single t in the middle, not double t t.Step 3: Check option B, "bienial". This looks like an incorrect attempt at "biennial", which refers to something occurring every two years and has a double n in the middle.Step 4: Check option D, "statuory". The correct spelling is "statutory", relating to a statute or law, with the sequence t u t o r y.Step 5: Because options A, B and D are all misspelt versions of common words, and option C matches the correct spelling of an actual English word, option C must be the answer. Verification / Alternative check: Consider dictionary forms and typical usage. You will find "actuator" used in technical manuals and engineering textbooks. Meanwhile, correct examples for the other words are "The price of fuel rocketed", "The commission submits a biennial report", and "The company must follow statutory regulations". The spellings in the question do not match these standard forms, confirming that only "actuator" is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Rocketted" adds an unnecessary extra t. "Bienial" drops one n that is essential in "biennial". "Statuory" misplaces letters and does not match the accepted form "statutory". All three would be marked wrong in any formal English exam or professional writing. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes get confused by double consonants and similar patterns, especially in less familiar words. A good strategy is to develop the habit of visualising words as you see them in books, news articles and trusted websites. Repeated correct exposure helps fix the right pattern in memory and makes spelling questions easier over time. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word among the options is "actuator", so option C is correct.

Question 11

In the following sentence, some part of the sentence may have an error. Identify the part that contains an error, or select "No error" if the sentence is grammatically correct.   Sentence: In spite of her irritation, she could not help smile.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This error spotting question focuses on verb patterns after certain fixed expressions. The sentence is split into parts A, B, C and D. You need to find which part contains a grammatical error related to the form of the verb after the expression "could not help". Given Data / Assumptions: Part A: In spite of Part B: her irritation, she Part C: could not help smile. Part D: No error. The full sentence is "In spite of her irritation, she could not help smile." Concept / Approach: The expression "cannot help" or "could not help" is normally followed by a gerund form of the verb, that is, the ing form. For example, "She could not help laughing" or "He cannot help smiling". When "help" is used in this idiomatic way, the base form of the next verb is not standard in formal English. Therefore, "could not help smile" is incorrect, and it should be "could not help smiling". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Check part A, "In spite of". This is a correct prepositional phrase used to show contrast.Step 2: Check part B, "her irritation, she". This correctly introduces the subject "she" and the phrase "her irritation". No error here.Step 3: Check part C, "could not help smile". Here, the structure "could not help" is followed directly by the base verb "smile". The standard pattern requires a gerund, so it should be "could not help smiling".Step 4: Because part C contains the incorrect verb form, this is the segment with the error.Step 5: The corrected full sentence becomes: "In spite of her irritation, she could not help smiling." Verification / Alternative check: Compare with similar examples. We say "He could not help laughing at the joke" and "They could not help admiring her courage". In both cases, the ing form follows "could not help". If you replace those with "could not help laugh" or "could not help admire", the sentences sound unnatural and would be considered incorrect in examinations. This pattern confirms that "could not help smiling" is the right form. Why Other Options Are Wrong: There is nothing wrong with parts A and B, which correctly set up the contrast and introduce the subject and her emotional state. Part D, "No error", is wrong because we have clearly identified an error in part C. Therefore only C can be selected. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse different uses of "help". When "help" means "assist", it can take an object and possibly a bare infinitive, as in "She helped him finish the work". But in the fixed expression "cannot help doing something", "help" means "cannot avoid" and is always followed by a gerund. Remembering this distinction is essential for error spotting questions like this one. Final Answer: The error is in part C, where "could not help smile" should be corrected to "could not help smiling".

Question 12

In the following sentence, a blank is given. Select the most appropriate word to complete the sentence meaningfully:   Since I forgot about Jeetus birthday last week, I will send him a _____________ greeting today.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This fill in the blank question tests your knowledge of vocabulary related to time, particularly words describing actions that happen later than the ideal moment. The sentence refers to forgetting a birthday in the previous week and sending a greeting now. You must pick the word that best describes such a late greeting. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence context is sending a greeting after the actual birthday has already passed. Option A: belated. Option B: timely. Option C: unpunctual. Option D: tardy. We assume standard meanings and common collocations in English, especially how these words combine with "greeting" or "birthday". Concept / Approach: The word "belated" means "coming later than expected or usual". It is commonly used in the fixed phrase "belated birthday wishes" or "belated greetings" when you congratulate someone after the actual day. "Timely" means on time or at the right moment. "Unpunctual" and "tardy" can describe people or general lateness, but they are not the natural choice before the noun "greeting" in this context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the situation. The birthday was last week, and the speaker is sending a greeting now, which means the greeting is late.Step 2: Examine option A, "belated". This directly expresses the idea that something, especially a greeting or wish, is delayed beyond the proper date.Step 3: Examine option B, "timely". This means happening at the right or appropriate time. A greeting sent after the birthday cannot be called timely.Step 4: Examine option C, "unpunctual". This word usually describes people or their arrival times, not the greeting itself.Step 5: Examine option D, "tardy". This can mean late, but the standard collocation in this situation is "belated greeting" or "belated birthday wishes", not "tardy greeting". Therefore option A is most appropriate. Verification / Alternative check: Consider common phrases you have seen in cards or messages. People routinely write "Belated happy birthday" or "Belated birthday greetings". The phrase "timely greeting" would mean the opposite, suggesting that the greeting came exactly on time. Similarly, "tardy greeting" is grammatically possible but is not idiomatic and sounds awkward in this context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Timely" contradicts the idea that the birthday was last week and the greeting is being sent now. "Unpunctual" focuses on someone being late rather than on the greeting itself. "Tardy" is too general and does not match the fixed expression used for late birthday wishes. For exam purposes, "belated" is the only fully correct answer. Common Pitfalls: Students may see that "tardy" also means late and choose it without thinking about collocation. However, in English, certain adjectives are strongly preferred with certain nouns, especially in greetings and social phrases. Memorising common expressions such as "belated birthday" helps you avoid such traps. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is belated, so option A is correct.

Question 13

Rearrange the parts P, Q and R to form a meaningful sentence beginning with the fixed opening "The question".   Parts:  P: are on the right path  Q: is whether we  R: to the goal

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Introduction / Context: This is a sentence rearrangement question. You are given a fixed opening "The question" followed by three jumbled parts labelled P, Q and R. Your task is to choose the order in which these parts should appear to form one smooth, grammatically correct and meaningful sentence. Given Data / Assumptions: Fixed start: The question P: are on the right path Q: is whether we R: to the goal Options give different possible orders of P, Q and R. Concept / Approach: A sentence that begins with "The question" usually continues with a singular verb "is". Among the parts, only Q begins with "is whether we", which naturally follows "The question". After this phrase, we need a verb phrase and then a complement, resulting in "The question is whether we are on the right path to the goal." This suggests Q followed by P and finally R, giving the sequence Q P R. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Attach each part mentally after "The question". "The question is whether we" (Q) sounds complete as the beginning of an indirect question, while "The question are on the right path" (P) is ungrammatical.Step 2: Since "The question" is singular, it must take "is" not "are", so Q must come immediately after the fixed start.Step 3: After "is whether we", we need a verb phrase that fits "we". Part P, "are on the right path", perfectly completes "whether we".Step 4: Finally we add R, "to the goal", which naturally follows "on the right path" and completes the idea: "on the right path to the goal".Step 5: The full correct sentence is therefore "The question is whether we are on the right path to the goal." This corresponds to the order Q P R. Verification / Alternative check: Check each option quickly. RPQ would give "The question to the goal are on the right path is whether we", which is clearly wrong. QRP would give "The question is whether we to the goal are on the right path", which is ungrammatical. PRQ would give "The question are on the right path is whether we to the goal", where "are" disagrees with "The question" and the structure is confused. Only QPR yields a smooth and logical sentence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Options that place P immediately after "The question" create subject verb disagreement because "The question are" is incorrect. Options that put R too early lead to phrases like "whether we to the goal", which lacks a verb. The only arrangement that respects both grammar and meaning is Q followed by P and then R. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes test takers quickly choose an option that seems to end with "to the goal" because it sounds meaningful, without checking the middle part for subject verb agreement and proper clause structure. A reliable method is to first fix the subject and its verb, then attach remaining parts in a way that respects normal English word order. Final Answer: The correct order of the parts is Q P R, so option C is correct.

Question 14

Select the antonym (word opposite in meaning) of the verb "to amputate".

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Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question asks for the antonym of the verb "to amputate". In medical or general contexts, "amputate" means to cut off a limb or part of the body. You must pick the word whose meaning is opposite to this idea of cutting off or removing. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: "to amputate". Option A: to sever. Option B: to fasten. Option C: to truncate. Option D: to lop. We assume standard dictionary meanings and that antonym means opposite in sense, not simply unrelated. Concept / Approach: "Amputate" involves removal or cutting off. "Sever", "truncate" and "lop" all carry a similar sense of cutting or shortening, so they function as near synonyms of "amputate", not opposites. An antonym should express the idea of attaching or joining rather than cutting. "Fasten" means to attach or fix something firmly in place, which is opposite in direction to cutting off. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Clarify the meaning of "amputate". To amputate is to cut off a limb or body part, usually in a medical operation.Step 2: Examine option A, "to sever". Sever means to cut off or separate by cutting, which is very close to amputate in meaning.Step 3: Examine option C, "to truncate". Truncate means to cut off or shorten by cutting, again similar to amputate and not opposite.Step 4: Examine option D, "to lop". Lop means to cut off branches or parts, for example from a tree. This is also a cutting verb.Step 5: Examine option B, "to fasten". Fasten means to attach, tie or fix something securely. This is the opposite action of cutting something away. Therefore it is the correct antonym. Verification / Alternative check: A useful check is to place the words in simple example sentences. If a surgeon amputates a leg, that leg is removed. The opposite action would be to fasten or attach something, not to sever or truncate it further. Similarly, we do not say the surgeon severed or lopped a leg as an opposite action. This confirms that "fasten" works as the antonym in the sense of joining rather than cutting off. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Sever", "truncate" and "lop" all imply cutting, shortening or removing. They share the destructive or subtractive sense of "amputate", so they cannot be antonyms. They are actually closer to synonyms and are included as distractors. Choosing any of these would show confusion between similar meaning words and true opposites. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes focus on the rough emotional tone of a word and assume that all unpleasant actions are opposites. However, for antonym questions you must look at the core action. All of "amputate", "sever", "truncate" and "lop" remove something. Only "fasten" reverses that direction by attaching or securing one thing to another. Final Answer: The antonym of "to amputate" is to fasten, so option B is correct.

Question 15

In the following question, a sentence is given in Direct speech. Choose the option that best expresses the same sentence in Indirect speech.   Direct speech: Teacher said to children, "Have you prepared well for the finals?"

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Introduction / Context: This question examines your understanding of changing a question from Direct speech to Indirect speech. The original sentence is a yes or no question in the present perfect tense. You must select the reported speech form that correctly changes the tense and structure according to the rules of reported speech. Given Data / Assumptions: Direct speech: Teacher said to children, "Have you prepared well for the finals?" Reporting verb: "said to" which becomes "asked" in Indirect speech for a question. The question is a yes or no question starting with "Have". Options offer different tense changes and structures. Concept / Approach: When reporting a yes or no question, we normally use "asked" followed by "if" or "whether". Since the reporting verb "said" is in the past, we backshift the tense of the original question. "Have you prepared" (present perfect) should become "had prepared" (past perfect) in reported speech. The pronoun "you" changes to "they" to match "children". Word order must also change from question form to statement form. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Change "said to" into "asked", since the sentence is a question: "Teacher asked the children".Step 2: Introduce the reported clause with "if" or "whether" for a yes or no question. Both are acceptable: "if they" or "whether they".Step 3: Backshift the tense. Present perfect "have prepared" becomes past perfect "had prepared" because the reporting verb is in the past.Step 4: Change the pronoun "you" to "they" to match "children". The question form also changes to statement order: "they had prepared well for the finals".Step 5: The final reported sentence is "Teacher asked the children if they had prepared well for the finals." This matches option D. Verification / Alternative check: Check other options. Option A uses "have prepared" instead of "had prepared", which fails to backshift the tense. Option B uses "have been preparing", changing the aspect of the verb and the meaning. Option C uses "did prepare", which changes the tense to simple past and adds unnecessary emphasis. Only option D correctly applies the rules of reported speech and preserves the original meaning. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A keeps the present perfect tense, which would only be correct if the reporting verb were in the present, such as "says". Option B changes the meaning to a continuous action, which the original question does not state. Option C uses "did prepare", which sounds unnatural in reported indirect form and does not reflect the perfect aspect of the original question. Common Pitfalls: Students often forget to backshift the tense after a past reporting verb or they try to preserve the auxiliary exactly as in the original question. Another frequent mistake is to keep the question word order instead of converting it into a statement. Remember the general pattern: reporting verb in the past usually triggers a shift one step back in tense, and the reported question uses "if or whether" plus normal statement word order. Final Answer: The correct Indirect speech form is "Teacher asked the children if they had prepared well for the finals.", so option D is correct.

Question 16

Select the synonym (word closest in meaning) of the verb "to visualise".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question asks you to choose a synonym for the verb "to visualise". In many contexts, "visualise" means to form a mental image of something or to imagine something that will happen in the future. You must select the option that comes closest to that sense among the given alternatives. Given Data / Assumptions: Target verb: "to visualise". Option A: to repudiate. Option B: to anticipate. Option C: to eschew. Option D: to scorn. We assume the question focuses on the common meaning of visualise as imagine or foresee. Concept / Approach: "Visualise" is often used to mean "imagine clearly in the mind" or "picture mentally". When you visualise success or an event, you are anticipating it and forming a mental picture of it happening. "Anticipate" means to expect or look forward to something, often with some mental preparation. The other options have negative meanings unrelated to imagination or expectation, so they cannot be synonyms. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Think of typical uses of "visualise": for example, "Visualise your goals" or "I can visualise the scene clearly". The verb involves mental imagery and sometimes future expectation.Step 2: Examine option B, "to anticipate". This means to expect or foresee something in advance. When you anticipate an event, you often mentally picture how it will be, which is close to visualising it.Step 3: Examine option A, "to repudiate". This means to reject or refuse to accept something, which is unrelated to imagining or picturing.Step 4: Examine option C, "to eschew". Eschew means to avoid deliberately, again not connected to forming mental images.Step 5: Examine option D, "to scorn". Scorn means to feel or express contempt or disdain. This is a strong negative attitude, not a mental picture. Therefore only "to anticipate" comes reasonably close to "to visualise" in typical exam usage. Verification / Alternative check: Try substitution in example sentences. "She visualised her future success" is similar in sense to "She anticipated her future success", because both express a mental preview of something that has not yet happened. Replacing "visualised" with "repudiated", "eschewed" or "scorned" completely changes the meaning and makes the sentence incorrect. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Repudiate" is about denial and rejection. "Eschew" is about avoiding something, especially on moral grounds. "Scorn" is about contempt and strong dislike. None of these verbs describe picturing, imagining or foreseeing future events or scenes in the mind, so they cannot be synonyms of "visualise". Common Pitfalls: Because "visualise" is strongly linked to images, students may look for a word meaning "see" or "look". However, exam setters may test the broader meaning of imagining or foreseeing. In the absence of a direct "imagine" option, "anticipate" is the closest because it involves mental preparation for something that is expected to occur. Final Answer: The option closest in meaning to "to visualise" is to anticipate, so option B is correct.

Question 17

Four spellings of a word are given. Only one is correct. Choose the correctly spelt word.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This spelling question focuses on the word "clandestine", which is often used in formal English to describe secret or hidden activities. You are given four similar looking spellings and must identify which one is the standard, correct form used in dictionaries and formal writing. Given Data / Assumptions: Option A: Clandistine. Option B: Clandestine. Option C: Clandistene. Option D: Clandestene. We assume standard modern English spelling. Concept / Approach: The correct spelling is "clandestine", with the sequence c l a n d e s t i n e. It means secret, often because the activity is illegal or not approved of, as in "clandestine meetings". The other options introduce incorrect letter sequences at the end, either "istine", "istene" or "estene", which do not match the recognised form of the word. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the meaning and typical use of the word: "clandestine operations", "clandestine love affair", and so on.Step 2: Visualise the correct ending. The word ends with "tine", not "tine" preceded by extra i or e letters.Step 3: Examine option B, "Clandestine". It follows the correct pattern and is exactly the form used in dictionaries.Step 4: Examine option A, "Clandistine". The sequence "distine" is wrong; an extra i has been inserted after the d.Step 5: Examine options C and D, which end with "istene" and "estene". These endings are not standard for this word and represent misspellings. Verification / Alternative check: Think of other words with similar endings such as "pristine" or "destine". The "-stine" ending is common, and in "clandestine" it is preceded by "de", not "di" or "de" plus extra e. Checking any reliable dictionary would confirm that "clandestine" is the correct and only accepted spelling among the options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Clandistine", "Clandistene" and "Clandestene" are all non standard forms. They may result from mishearing the word or trying to spell it phonetically. In formal exams and professional writing, such spellings would be marked wrong and could confuse readers. Common Pitfalls: Because the word is not very common in everyday conversation, many learners know its approximate sound but not the exact spelling. A helpful strategy is to link "clandestine" with "destine", which shares the "destine" core. Once you remember c l a n plus destine, writing "clandestine" becomes easier and more automatic. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word is Clandestine, so option B is correct.

Question 18

In the following sentence, an idiom is highlighted. Choose the most suitable meaning of the idiom "blow off steam" as used in the sentence.   Sentence: You must not waste your leisure time doing nothing, rather you should engage yourself in such act…

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Introduction / Context: This question checks your understanding of the idiom "blow off steam" in a modern lifestyle context. The sentence talks about using leisure time in a productive way that helps you recharge. You must select the meaning that fits this context and matches the standard idiomatic usage. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "blow off steam". The sentence describes activities that help a person recharge during leisure time. Option A: Release surplus energy. Option B: Take steam bath. Option C: To make someone fidgety. Option D: To exercise the brain. Concept / Approach: The idiom "blow off steam" originates from steam engines, where excess steam had to be released to prevent pressure build up. In modern English, it means to release built up energy, stress, frustration or excitement in a harmless way, often through physical or enjoyable activities. It does not literally refer to taking a steam bath or making someone restless. Therefore, the correct meaning in this context involves releasing surplus energy or tension. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note the context of the sentence: using leisure time to engage in activities that recharge you for future work.Step 2: Understand that blowing off steam in this setting means releasing stress or extra energy so that you feel relaxed and refreshed.Step 3: Examine option A, "Release surplus energy". This matches the figurative sense of the idiom very well.Step 4: Examine option B, "Take steam bath". This is a literal interpretation not connected to the figurative idiom, and it does not fit all contexts where the phrase is used.Step 5: Examine options C and D. "To make someone fidgety" and "To exercise the brain" do not capture the idea of releasing built up tension. They instead suggest creating more restlessness or focusing on mental work only. Verification / Alternative check: Consider common sentences such as "He went for a run to blow off steam" or "After the exam, the students played games to blow off steam." In each case the phrase clearly refers to releasing accumulated stress or nervous energy, not to steam baths or mental exercises specifically. Therefore, "release surplus energy" is the best match among the options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B wrongly treats the idiom as a literal phrase about steam. Options C and D completely change the meaning, focusing on causing restlessness or only on mental exercise. While exercising the brain can be part of a healthy lifestyle, it is not the specific idea expressed by this idiom in ordinary usage. Common Pitfalls: Some learners treat idioms literally and imagine the physical picture described by the words. However, idioms often have fixed figurative meanings that must be learned as complete units. For "blow off steam", always remember the image of safely releasing pressure from a system to avoid damage, similar to people releasing stress through hobbies or sports. Final Answer: The idiom "blow off steam" means to release surplus energy or tension, so option A is correct.

Question 19

In the following sentence, an idiom is highlighted. Choose the most suitable meaning of the phrasal verb "broke out of" as used in the sentence.   Sentence: The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards were not looking.

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Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of the phrasal verb "break out of" in the context of prisons and confinement. The sentence describes prisoners and a moment when guards were not looking. You must choose the meaning that best fits this situation and matches the usual use of the phrasal verb. Given Data / Assumptions: Phrasal verb: "broke out of". Context: prisoners in a jail and inattentive guards. Option A: Raised. Option B: Surrenderd (intended "surrendered"). Option C: Escaped. Option D: Perpetuated. Concept / Approach: The phrasal verb "break out of" means to escape from a place where one is confined, such as a jail, prison or locked room. It implies that someone manages to get out, usually secretly or suddenly. It does not mean to raise, surrender or continue something. Therefore, "escaped" is the only option that correctly expresses the meaning of "broke out of" in this sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the situation: prisoners and a jail. The most logical event linked with prisoners and guards not looking is that the prisoners took the chance to escape.Step 2: Recall that "to break out of prison" is a very common expression meaning to escape from prison.Step 3: Examine option C, "Escaped". This is exactly what prisoners do when they break out of jail.Step 4: Examine option A, "Raised". This relates to lifting or increasing something, not to leaving a place of confinement.Step 5: Examine option B, "Surrenderd". Surrender means giving up or turning oneself in to authorities, the opposite of escaping. Option D, "Perpetuated", means caused to continue and is not related to physical movement or escape. Verification / Alternative check: Replace "broke out of" with each option in a paraphrased sentence. "The prisoners escaped from jail when the guards were not looking" is natural and fits the context perfectly. "The prisoners raised from jail", "surrendered from jail" or "perpetuated from jail" are all incorrect in meaning and grammar. This confirms that "escaped" is the correct interpretation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A changes the event from leaving the prison to lifting something, which is irrelevant. Option B suggests the prisoners gave themselves up, which contradicts the idea of using the guards distraction. Option D suggests continuing or prolonging something, which has no connection to physically leaving a jail. Common Pitfalls: Phrasal verbs often have multiple meanings depending on prepositions and context. "Break out" by itself can mean to start suddenly, as in "a fire broke out" or "a rash broke out". However, when followed by "of" and a place of confinement, it clearly means to escape. Paying close attention to the whole phrase and the surrounding words is essential. Final Answer: In this sentence, "broke out of jail" means escaped, so option C is correct.

Question 20

In the following sentence, an idiom is highlighted. Choose the most suitable meaning of the expression "on the grapevine" as used in the sentence.   Sentence: I heard it on the grapevine that the vacancies are going to be increased this year for man…

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Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of the idiom "on the grapevine". The sentence describes hearing about an increase in vacancies and hints at the source of this information. You must choose the option that best reflects the idiomatic meaning of "on the grapevine" in modern English. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "on the grapevine". Sentence context: hearing about possible changes in vacancies for many posts. Option A: To hear some official news about something. Option B: To inform people about something. Option C: To acquire information by unofficial communication. Option D: To be sure of something. Concept / Approach: "To hear something on the grapevine" means to learn it through unofficial channels, gossip, rumours or informal talk, not through formal announcements. The expression suggests a network of informal communication, similar to how grapevines spread. It does not indicate that the news is official or certain, and it does not mean that you were the one informing others. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note that the speaker says "I heard it on the grapevine", which points to the source of information, not the act of spreading it.Step 2: Understand that this phrase is commonly used when talking about rumours or news shared among people informally.Step 3: Examine option C, "To acquire information by unofficial communication". This exactly captures the idea of learning something through informal talk or gossip.Step 4: Examine option A, which mentions "official news". That is the opposite of what the idiom suggests.Step 5: Examine options B and D. Option B describes telling others, not hearing something. Option D, "to be sure of something", is about certainty and does not relate to the mode of communication. Verification / Alternative check: Consider other sentences: "I heard on the grapevine that they are getting married" or "Rumours on the grapevine suggest a merger." In both examples, the phrase clearly refers to informal or unofficial information, often not confirmed. Substituting "official news" or "being sure" would distort the meaning. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A incorrectly attaches the idiom to official sources, which contradicts the typical use. Option B changes the role from listener to speaker. Option D introduces the idea of certainty, whereas information gained on the grapevine is often uncertain or unverified. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may confuse "grapevine" with an official news network or think of it simply as any information channel. However, the idiom always carries the nuance of informality and rumour. Remembering this nuance helps in questions where subtle differences in options are tested. Final Answer: The idiom "on the grapevine" means to acquire information by unofficial communication, so option C is correct.

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