Question 1

In this English grammar error-spotting question on idiomatic expressions, identify which part of the sentence is incorrect: "My heart (A) is so full (B) for words. (C) No Error. (D)". Choose the option that marks the erroneous segment or select 'No …

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Introduction / Context: This question focuses on the correct idiomatic expression used to describe an overwhelming emotional state. The sentence tries to convey that the speaker's heart is overflowing with emotion to such an extent that words fail. To answer correctly, you must recognise the standard idiom and identify which part of the sentence deviates from it in terms of word choice and degree adverb usage. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "My heart is so full for words." Part A: "My heart" Part B: "is so full" Part C: "for words." Part D: indicates "No Error". The intended idiom in English is "too full for words". Concept / Approach: In English, the standard idiomatic expression is "too full for words", meaning "so overwhelmed with emotion that one cannot find words to express it". The structure "too + adjective + for words" expresses excess beyond what is manageable. The use of "so" instead of "too" in this context breaks the idiom. While "so full" can be used in other contexts ("so full of joy", "so full of people"), the phrase "so full for words" is not idiomatic. The prepositional phrase "for words" is correct when combined with "too full", not "so full". Hence, the error lies in Part B rather than Part C. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Check Part A: "My heart". This is a correct and natural subject phrase referring to the speaker's emotional centre. Step 2: Examine Part B: "is so full". Grammatically, "is so full" is possible, but within the expression "so full for words", it does not match any recognised idiom. Step 3: Examine Part C: "for words." In the idiom "too full for words", this prepositional phrase occurs correctly and expresses the idea that words are inadequate. Step 4: Therefore, the correct idiomatic sentence should be: "My heart is too full for words." Step 5: Since only the use of "so" in Part B violates the established idiom, Part B is the erroneous segment. Verification / Alternative check: Compare the two versions: "My heart is so full for words" versus "My heart is too full for words." The second version is commonly found in literature and speech and clearly expresses overwhelming emotion. The first version sounds odd because "so full for words" is not a standard combination in English. You could say "My heart is so full of emotion" or "My heart is too full for words", but mixing "so full" with "for words" is not acceptable in exam level grammar. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part A: Correctly introduces the subject and contains no grammatical error. Part C: The phrase "for words" is the correct second half of the idiom "too full for words". It is Part B that needs adjustment, not Part C. Part D (No Error): Cannot be chosen because the idiom is clearly misused with "so" instead of "too". Error in more than one part: Not valid; only the degree adverb in Part B must be changed. Common Pitfalls: Students often confuse degree adverbs "so" and "too" because both indicate a high degree. However, "too" usually implies an excessive degree that causes a problem or limitation ("too hot to go out", "too tired to study"). Idioms like "too full for words" follow this pattern. Misusing "so" in place of "too" can distort or weaken the intended meaning. Learning common idioms as fixed expressions helps avoid such mistakes in error-spotting questions. Final Answer: The incorrect segment is Part B: "is so full"; the correct idiomatic sentence is "My heart is too full for words.".

Question 2

In this English grammar error-spotting question, identify which part of the sentence contains the error in the correlative pattern and comparison: "It is not (A) such a pretty place (B) that I had expected. (C) No Error. (D)". Choose the option that…

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Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of correlative structures and comparative expressions in English. The sentence attempts to compare the actual attractiveness of a place with the level of attractiveness the speaker had expected. Correctly pairing words such as "such" and "as" or "as" and "as" is essential for natural and accurate expression in English grammar. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "It is not such a pretty place that I had expected." Part A: "It is not" Part B: "such a pretty place" Part C: "that I had expected." Part D: indicates "No Error". The intended meaning is: "The place is not as pretty as I had expected." Concept / Approach: English uses specific patterns for comparisons. When we say that something does not meet our expectations in degree, a very common pattern is "not as + adjective + as". For example, "It is not as beautiful as I expected." The phrase "such a pretty place that I had expected" is incorrect because "such...that" is normally used to express result, as in "such a pretty place that everyone admired it", not to compare with expectations. Therefore, Part C should contain "as I had expected", not "that I had expected". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Look at Part A: "It is not". This correctly introduces a negative statement. Step 2: Look at Part B: "such a pretty place". On its own, this phrase is grammatically correct and can be part of either a "such...that" result structure or another construction. Step 3: Look at Part C: "that I had expected." When combined with "It is not such a pretty place", using "that" is incorrect for expressing a comparison with what was expected. Step 4: The sentence should be recast as either "It is not as pretty a place as I had expected" or more simply "It is not as pretty as I had expected." Step 5: Thus, the error lies in Part C, where "that" should be replaced with "as" to form the "as...as" comparison pattern. Verification / Alternative check: Compare the original sentence with a corrected one: "It is not such a pretty place that I had expected" versus "It is not as pretty a place as I had expected." The corrected sentence clearly communicates that the actual prettiness is less than what was anticipated. The original sentence feels awkward and grammatically off to native speakers. This contrast shows that Part C, containing "that I had expected", is incorrect in this context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part A: "It is not" is an accurate and standard way to begin the negative statement. Part B: "such a pretty place" is structurally fine and could be used properly if the rest of the structure were changed into a result clause ("such a pretty place that everyone loved it"). The main issue is not here. Part D (No Error): Cannot be selected because the conjunction in Part C is wrong for this comparative meaning. Error in more than one part: Not correct, since A and B can stand in a suitably restructured sentence; the core problem is the incorrect use of "that" in Part C. Common Pitfalls: Many learners confuse "such...that" and "so...that" result clauses with comparative "as...as" patterns. "Such...that" is used to show a result, for example, "It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors." However, "not as...as" is used to say something is less than expected or less than something else: "The book is not as interesting as the film." Mixing these patterns leads to sentences that are grammatically flawed and semantically unclear. In exams, paying attention to the exact relationship being expressed—result versus comparison—will help you choose the correct structure. Final Answer: The erroneous segment is Part C: "that I had expected."; it should be "as I had expected", giving "It is not as pretty a place as I had expected.".

Question 3

In this English grammar error-spotting question on collective nouns and pronoun agreement, identify which part of the sentence is incorrect: "The Management Committee (A) was divided (B) in their opinion. (C) No Error. (D)". Choose the option that m…

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Introduction / Context: This question examines your understanding of collective nouns and pronoun agreement in English. The sentence describes a "Management Committee" that does not agree internally. You must determine which part of the sentence violates standard rules of agreement between a singular collective noun and its pronoun reference, particularly in formal exam English. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "The Management Committee was divided in their opinion." Part A: "The Management Committee" Part B: "was divided" Part C: "in their opinion." Part D: stands for "No Error". We treat "Management Committee" as a singular collective noun in this exam context. Concept / Approach: In British and Indian English, collective nouns such as "team", "committee", "government", and "family" can sometimes be treated as either singular (acting as one unit) or plural (emphasising individual members). However, in formal grammar questions, examiners usually maintain internal consistency within a sentence. If the verb is singular ("was divided"), the pronoun referring back to that collective noun should also be singular ("its" rather than "their"). The phrase "in their opinion" breaks this agreement by using a plural pronoun after a singular verb. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine Part A: "The Management Committee". This is the subject and is treated as a single collective body. Step 2: Examine Part B: "was divided". The singular verb "was" agrees with the idea of the committee as a single entity experiencing internal division. This is acceptable. Step 3: Examine Part C: "in their opinion." The pronoun "their" is plural and refers back to "The Management Committee", which has been treated as singular by the verb "was". This inconsistency is the grammatical problem. Step 4: For consistent agreement, Part C should be rewritten as "in its opinion." Step 5: Thus, the error lies only in Part C. Verification / Alternative check: Rewrite the sentence correctly: "The Management Committee was divided in its opinion." This now maintains singular agreement throughout. If we wished to emphasise the individual members, we could write "The Management Committee were divided in their opinions," using both plural verb and plural pronoun. In either case, the verb form and the pronoun must match. The original sentence mixes singular verb "was" with plural pronoun "their", confirming that Part C is the erroneous segment. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part A: Properly introduces the collective noun subject. Part B: Uses the singular verb "was" consistently with the singular interpretation of "Management Committee". Part D (No Error): Cannot be chosen because the mismatch between "was" and "their" is a clear agreement error. Error in more than one part: Not appropriate, as only the pronoun in Part C must be corrected. Common Pitfalls: Learners often mix singular and plural forms with collective nouns, especially when the noun refers to a group of people. In exam contexts, it is safer to maintain consistent singular or plural agreement in a sentence, rather than mixing them. If you begin with a singular verb ("was", "has"), continue with a singular pronoun ("its"). If you use a plural verb ("were", "have"), then use a plural pronoun ("their"). Always check both the verb and pronoun when a collective noun is involved. Final Answer: The incorrect segment is Part C: "in their opinion."; it should be "in its opinion.".

Question 4

In this English grammar error-spotting question on spelling and verb choice, identify which part of the sentence is incorrect: "Speech was given (A) to man to (B) conseal his thoughts. (C) No Error. (D)". Choose the option that marks the erroneous s…

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Introduction / Context: This error-spotting question evaluates your awareness of spelling and vocabulary, as well as standard proverb-like expressions in English. The sentence is a well known ironic statement suggesting that language can be used to hide, not reveal, what we think. Although the basic structure of the sentence is correct, one of the key content words is misspelled. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "Speech was given to man to conseal his thoughts." Part A: "Speech was given" Part B: "to man to" Part C: "conseal his thoughts." Part D: stands for "No Error". The intended verb is the standard English word meaning "to hide" or "to keep from being seen or known". Concept / Approach: The proverb here is commonly quoted as "Speech was given to man to conceal his thoughts." The verb "conceal" means "to hide" or "to keep secret". The sentence uses passive voice ("was given") followed by an infinitive of purpose ("to conceal"). The only problem is that the word "conceal" is misspelled as "conseal", replacing "ce" with "se". In competitive exams, spelling mistakes in key vocabulary words are considered errors even if the grammar is otherwise correct. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine Part A: "Speech was given". This is a grammatically valid passive construction. Step 2: Examine Part B: "to man to". This phrase correctly states the recipient ("man") and starts an infinitive of purpose ("to..."). Although some might prefer "to mankind", "to man" is acceptable in proverbial style. Step 3: Examine Part C: "conseal his thoughts." Here, the infinitive "to conseal" is intended to be the verb meaning "to hide", but the correct spelling is "conceal". Step 4: The corrected sentence should read: "Speech was given to man to conceal his thoughts." Step 5: Since the grammatical structure is otherwise correct, the only error is the misspelling in Part C. Verification / Alternative check: Look up the standard form of the proverb or recall it from reading: "Speech was given to man to conceal his thoughts." Everywhere you see this saying, the word appears as "conceal", not "conseal". Dictionaries confirm that "conceal" is spelled c o n c e a l. There is no standard English verb "conseal". This clearly identifies Part C as the location of the error. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part A: "Speech was given" is a correct and literary way to start the sentence. Part B: "to man to" correctly introduces the beneficiary and the infinitive of purpose; stylistically it matches proverbial English. Part D (No Error): Cannot be chosen because the misspelling in Part C is a definite error. Error in more than one part: Not appropriate, since only the verb spelling in Part C is faulty. Common Pitfalls: Spelling errors often go unnoticed if the pronunciation is roughly similar to the correct word. In exam settings, paying attention to the exact sequence of letters in key vocabulary is essential. Words like "conceal", "counsel", "council", and "consul" are frequently confused. Building a habit of reading high quality English texts and occasionally checking unfamiliar words in a dictionary helps strengthen your visual memory for correct spellings. Final Answer: The erroneous segment is Part C: "conseal his thoughts."; the verb should be spelled "conceal".

Question 5

In this English fill-in-the-blank question on passive voice and subject–verb agreement, choose the correct option to complete the sentence: "The gate _______ by the watchman on duty." Select the grammatically correct and most natural alternative.

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Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of passive voice construction and subject verb agreement in English. The sentence describes an action performed by the watchman on the gate. The presence of the agent phrase "by the watchman on duty" strongly suggests a passive construction, and the verb phrase must match the singular subject "gate" in tense and number. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence fragment: "The gate _______ by the watchman on duty." Options: "opened" "was opened" "were opened" "was opening" "had opened" The subject "The gate" is singular. The phrase "by the watchman on duty" indicates who performed the action, which is typical in passive sentences. We assume a simple past event: the watchman opened the gate. Concept / Approach: In passive voice, we use a form of the verb "be" plus the past participle of the main verb: "was opened", "is opened", "has been opened", etc. The auxiliary verb "be" must agree with the subject in number and tense. Here, "gate" is singular, and a simple past action is implied, so "was opened" is the most appropriate choice. Other options either fail to mark the passive properly or show incorrect agreement or aspect for this context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise from the phrase "by the watchman on duty" that the sentence is in the passive voice. Step 2: Identify the subject "The gate". It is singular, so any auxiliary verb must also be singular. Step 3: The correct passive structure in the simple past tense is "was opened": "The gate was opened by the watchman on duty." Step 4: Check each option: - "opened" alone suggests an active construction like "The watchman opened the gate", which does not fit the given frame. - "was opened" is passive simple past and agrees with a singular subject. - "were opened" is plural and wrong for the singular "gate". - "was opening" is past continuous and would normally require a different structure (e.g., "The gate was opening slowly"), not "by the watchman". - "had opened" is past perfect but would typically be used in an active form "The watchman had opened the gate". Step 5: Thus, "was opened" is the only option that fits both the grammar and the context. Verification / Alternative check: Reconstruct the full sentence with the correct option: "The gate was opened by the watchman on duty." This is a standard passive sentence and sounds natural. If you replace "was opened" with "were opened", the sentence becomes ungrammatical because "were" disagrees with the singular subject. Replacing it with "opened" alone leaves the auxiliary missing. This comparison confirms "was opened" as the correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: opened: Missing auxiliary; cannot stand as a passive verb phrase in this frame. were opened: Verb is plural and does not agree with the singular subject "gate". was opening: Past continuous; combined with "by the watchman" it is awkward and does not match the simple event description implied by the context. had opened: Past perfect in active voice; would require a different sentence structure (e.g., "The watchman had opened the gate."). Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to forget the auxiliary verb "be" in passive constructions or to choose the wrong form ("were" instead of "was"). Another pitfall is confusing continuous and simple aspects; "was opening" suggests an ongoing process, not a completed action. In exam questions, recognise phrases like "by the..." as strong clues that a passive structure is required and then apply the correct form of "be" plus the past participle. Final Answer: The correct completion is "was opened", giving the sentence: "The gate was opened by the watchman on duty.".

Question 6

In this English vocabulary and usage question on choosing the correct verb, select the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: "The king was _______ while he was addressing his subjects." Choose the option that best fits the context of killi…

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Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of fine distinctions between similar verbs related to killing: "murdered", "executed", "assassinated", and "exterminated". The sentence describes a king being killed while addressing his subjects, which suggests a treacherous or politically motivated killing of a high profile figure. You must choose the precise verb that fits this specific context. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "The king was _______ while he was addressing his subjects." Options: murdered executed assassinated exterminated poisoned The subject is "The king", a head of state or ruler. The killing happens during a public address, suggesting an attack or conspiracy. Concept / Approach: Different verbs describe different types of killing: "Murder" means to kill unlawfully with intent, but it is a general term and does not specify rank or motive. "Execute" means to lawfully put someone to death as a punishment after a legal process. "Assassinate" means to murder an important or famous person, often a political leader, usually for political or ideological reasons. "Exterminate" means to destroy completely, usually used for groups, pests, or animals, not individual human rulers. "Poison" focuses on the method, not necessarily the status or motive. Since the victim is a king addressing his subjects, a politically motivated killing of a ruler is most accurately called an "assassination". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that "king" is a high profile political and symbolic figure. Step 2: Note that he is killed "while he was addressing his subjects", implying a public, possibly planned attack rather than a legal punishment. Step 3: "Executed" is ruled out because it suggests a legal, judicial killing after a trial, which does not match the context. Step 4: "Exterminated" is inappropriate for a single human individual and sounds harshly incorrect for a king. Step 5: "Murdered" is correct in a general sense but does not emphasise the political or high profile nature of the killing. Step 6: "Assassinated" specifically refers to killing a prominent person, especially a political leader, often during public events or for political motives. Step 7: Therefore, "assassinated" is the most precise and context-appropriate verb. Verification / Alternative check: Think of historical examples: leaders such as presidents, prime ministers, and kings are commonly described as being "assassinated" (for example, "The president was assassinated during his speech"). Newspapers and history books consistently use "assassinated" rather than "murdered" when the victim is a major political or royal figure killed for political reasons. This consistent usage confirms that "assassinated" is the correct answer in this exam question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: murdered: Too general; does not highlight the political or high profile nature of the victim. executed: Implies a lawful killing after trial and sentencing, which does not match the scene of a king addressing his subjects. exterminated: Used for mass killing or pest control; inappropriate and disrespectful in this context. poisoned: Focuses on method rather than status; the question gives no hint that poison, specifically, was used. Common Pitfalls: Many learners use "murder" and "assassinate" interchangeably, but exams often test this subtle difference. Remember: "assassinate" is for important public figures killed, usually for political, ideological, or religious reasons. "Execute" is legal punishment, while "murder" is a general unlawful killing. Knowing these distinctions helps you interpret news headlines and historical texts accurately and score better in vocabulary questions. Final Answer: The correct completion is "assassinated", giving the sentence: "The king was assassinated while he was addressing his subjects.".

Question 7

In this English vocabulary and collocation question, choose the most appropriate noun to complete the sentence: "Her parents will never give their _____ to such an unsuitable match." Select the option that best matches the standard expression for gi…

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Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of common collocations and near synonyms in the context of granting or withholding permission. The sentence refers to parents refusing to approve a marriage that they consider unsuitable. You must choose the noun that typically follows the phrase "give their" in formal English when we speak of permission or formal approval. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "Her parents will never give their _____ to such an unsuitable match." Options: acquiescence consent agreement willingness approval The context is traditional marriage approval by parents. We are looking for a strong, formal word for permission. Concept / Approach: In English, the set phrase "give one's consent" is a common, formal way to express granting permission or approval, particularly in legal, medical, or marital contexts ("parental consent", "written consent", "give consent to the operation"). While "agreement" and "approval" also relate to accepting something, they do not pair as strongly with the verb "give" in this specific pattern. "Acquiescence" implies reluctant acceptance, and "willingness" is more about personal readiness than formal permission. Therefore, "consent" is the most precise and idiomatic choice. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the verb phrase "give their". Ask what noun commonly follows this verb to mean "grant permission". Step 2: Recall the standard collocation "give their consent", which directly means "formally approve" or "allow". Step 3: Test "give their consent to such an unsuitable match". This is natural and exactly expresses that the parents will not approve the marriage. Step 4: Test "give their acquiescence". While this is grammatically possible, "acquiescence" usually means reluctant passive acceptance, and the phrase is rare in everyday or exam English. Step 5: Test "give their agreement". More common is "reach an agreement" or "be in agreement", not "give their agreement to a match". Step 6: Test "give their willingness". This is unnatural; we usually say "show willingness" or "express willingness". Step 7: Test "give their approval". This is possible, but the stronger, exam preferred collocation in this sentence is "give their consent", especially with a marriage context. Verification / Alternative check: Look at similar phrases: "Her parents refused to give their consent to the marriage" and "The doctor required written consent". Both follow the exact pattern "give their consent to". In contrast, "give their agreement to the match" is less idiomatic. In many exam answer keys, "consent" is the expected choice whenever the pattern "give their _____" appears in a permission context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: acquiescence: Too rare and suggests reluctant acceptance, not explicit formal permission in typical marriage contexts. agreement: More often used in expressions like "reach an agreement"; does not fit as neatly with "give their" in this sentence. willingness: Describes a mental state, not a formal act of allowing or approving. approval: While one can "give their approval", exam practice strongly associates "give their consent" with parental permission for marriage. "Consent" is more precise and formal. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes ignore collocation strength and choose any word that is roughly synonymous with "agreement". However, natural English depends heavily on which words commonly go together. Learning fixed phrases like "give consent", "seek approval", "reach agreement", and "show willingness" helps you choose the most idiomatic answer and avoid subtle errors in vocabulary questions. Final Answer: The best completion is "consent", giving the sentence: "Her parents will never give their consent to such an unsuitable match.".

Question 8

In this English vocabulary and idiom question, choose the most appropriate verb to complete the sentence: "The authorities would not ______ to the strikers' demands." Select the option that correctly expresses formal agreement or yielding to a reque…

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Introduction / Context: This question examines your understanding of formal verbs used with demands or requests in a labour or political context. The sentence refers to "the authorities" and "the strikers' demands", an area where specific collocations are common in news reports and editorials. You must choose the verb that naturally pairs with "to the demands" to mean "agree to them or yield to them". Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "The authorities would not ______ to the strikers' demands." Options: accept accede accession access agree The context is a negotiation or dispute between striking workers and authorities. The preposition "to" is already present: "______ to the strikers' demands". Concept / Approach: The formal verb that commonly collocates with "demands" and the preposition "to" is "accede". The phrase "accede to demands" means "to agree to them, especially after some initial reluctance". In contrast, "accept" usually takes a direct object without "to" ("accept the demands"); "accession" is a noun, not a verb; "access" as a verb means to approach or obtain data; and "agree" normally requires "to" plus a noun simply as "agree to the proposal", but the specific idiom in news language is "accede to the demands". Therefore, "accede" best matches both the structure and the tone of the sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note the frame "would not ______ to the strikers' demands." The preposition "to" is fixed after the blank. Step 2: Recall the idiom "accede to the demands", which means "agree to or accept demands". Step 3: Test "The authorities would not accede to the strikers' demands." This reads naturally and mirrors the style of newspaper reporting. Step 4: Consider "accept": we normally say "accept the demands" without "to", so "accept to the demands" would be incorrect. Step 5: "Accession" is a noun and cannot be used directly as a verb in this position. Step 6: "Access" as a verb means "to reach or use", often in technical or computing contexts, not "to agree to demands". Step 7: "Agree" could appear in "agree to something", but the standard phrase with "demands" in this formal context is "accede to the demands". Verification / Alternative check: Look at typical headlines: "Government refuses to accede to striking workers' demands" or "Management accedes to union demands after prolonged negotiations." Such use is very common in journalistic English. While you might see "agree to the demands" occasionally, examiners prefer the more precise and formal "accede to". Since the preposition "to" is already given, "accede" is the most suitable choice among the options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: accept: Would require a direct object without "to"; "accept to the demands" is incorrect. accession: A noun meaning "the act of agreeing or joining", not a verb; cannot fill the blank. access: Verb meaning "to obtain entry" or "to retrieve data"; does not collocate with "demands" in this sense. agree: While "agree to" is grammatically possible, the stronger and more context specific expression with "demands" in public disputes is "accede to", which the exam expects. Common Pitfalls: Students often pick "accept" or "agree" because they know these verbs are associated with saying "yes". However, exam setters deliberately combine such verbs with slightly different structures ("agree to", "accept something", "accede to") to test your command of collocations. Remember: "accede to demands", "agree to a proposal", and "accept a proposal" are all correct, but they must be used with their proper preposition and object patterns. Final Answer: The correct completion is "accede", forming the phrase "The authorities would not accede to the strikers' demands.".

Question 9

In this English vocabulary and idiom question, choose the most appropriate colour idiom to complete the sentence: "They are so ______, they could not put up a tent properly, while camping." Select the option that best expresses inexperience or lack …

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Introduction / Context: This question focuses on English colour idioms, particularly those that describe experience level. The sentence describes a group of people who could not even put up a tent properly while camping, clearly implying that they are inexperienced in outdoor activities. You must select the colour word that idiomatically conveys inexperience or newness. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "They are so ______, they could not put up a tent properly, while camping." Options: red white blue green yellow The context is incompetence or lack of experience in camping skills. Concept / Approach: In English idioms, "green" is often used to mean new, inexperienced, or naive, especially in a job or skill: "a green recruit", "He is still very green at driving." Other colour idioms have different meanings: "in the red" (in debt), "feeling blue" (sad), "yellow" (cowardly), and "white" (associated with purity or surrender). Since the key idea here is inexperience in camping, "green" is the natural and idiomatic choice. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the implied meaning: they cannot even put up a tent, so they are beginners or inexperienced at camping. Step 2: Recall that "green" as an adjective can mean inexperienced or new to something. Step 3: Insert "green" into the sentence: "They are so green, they could not put up a tent properly, while camping." This reads naturally and clearly expresses lack of experience. Step 4: Check other colour options: - "red" has idioms like "red with anger" or "in the red", but nothing related to inexperience here. - "white" appears in "white lie" or "raise a white flag", not in the sense of inexperience. - "blue" is associated with sadness or rudeness ("blue jokes"), not lack of skill. - "yellow" is associated with cowardice, not incompetence. Step 5: Thus, "green" best fits both the context and the idiomatic usage. Verification / Alternative check: Consider other typical uses: "He is still very green behind the ears" and "The new employees are green and need training." In each case, "green" clearly means inexperienced. Applying that sense to camping skills makes the meaning obvious. None of the other colours listed would naturally convey this idea, which confirms "green" as the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: red: Associated with anger, embarrassment ("turn red"), or debt ("in the red"). white: Often linked to purity or surrender ("white flag"); does not suggest inexperience. blue: Linked to sadness ("feel blue") or sometimes obscene humour ("blue jokes"), not lack of skill. yellow: Associated with cowardice ("yellow-bellied"), meaning easily scared, not inexperienced. Common Pitfalls: Colour idioms are heavily culture specific and cannot be translated directly from one language to another. Learners sometimes guess from literal associations or from their own language's idioms, which leads to confusion. The safest approach is to memorise common English expressions such as "green with envy", "green recruits", "once in a blue moon", and "to see red" so that you can recognise their meanings in exam questions. Final Answer: The correct completion is "green", giving the sentence: "They are so green, they could not put up a tent properly, while camping.".

Question 10

In this English vocabulary question on synonyms, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the given word "Mordant".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of advanced English vocabulary, particularly adjectives used to describe humour or criticism. The target word is "mordant", which appears in literary criticism and descriptions of speech or writing. To answer correctly, you must recall what kind of tone "mordant" refers to and select the closest synonym from the options provided. Given Data / Assumptions: Word to be explained: "Mordant". Options: stupid pensive senseless sarcastic gentle We assume "mordant" is being used in its common sense, referring to speech, humour, or wit. Concept / Approach: "Mordant" comes from a Latin root meaning "biting". In English, it describes remarks, humour, or criticism that is sharply critical, cutting, or caustic, often with a bitter or sarcastic tone. Therefore, any option that suggests sharp, biting humour or criticism will be a good synonym. Options that suggest stupidity, thoughtfulness, or gentleness are clearly unrelated to this meaning. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the typical phrase "mordant wit" or "mordant satire", which refers to sharp, biting, and often cruelly humorous criticism. Step 2: Evaluate "stupid". This means lacking intelligence and has nothing to do with sharp or witty speech. Step 3: Evaluate "pensive". This suggests deep or serious thoughtfulness, often quiet and reflective, which is almost the opposite of sharp, biting humour. Step 4: Evaluate "senseless". This means lacking meaning or sense; it does not describe a cutting or witty tone. Step 5: Evaluate "sarcastic". Sarcasm is a form of sharp, often ironic or mocking speech that can be bitter or cutting in tone, which aligns very closely with "mordant". Step 6: Evaluate "gentle". This implies softness and kindness, which is again the opposite of a "mordant" style. Step 7: Since "sarcastic" alone captures the idea of sharp, biting, and often cruel humour or criticism, it is the best synonym. Verification / Alternative check: Consider example sentences: "The writer's mordant commentary on politics offended many readers" could be rephrased as "The writer's sarcastic commentary on politics offended many readers" with almost no change in meaning. However, replacing "mordant" with "pensive" or "gentle" would radically change the meaning and no longer fit the critical, biting context. This strong overlap between "mordant" and "sarcastic" confirms "sarcastic" as the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: stupid: Refers to low intelligence, not sharp or biting humour. pensive: Means thoughtful and reflective, often quiet, not cutting or mocking. senseless: Means lacking meaning or reason; unrelated to tone of humour or criticism. gentle: Means kind, soft, or mild; the opposite of the cutting quality implied by "mordant". Common Pitfalls: Learners may confuse "mordant" with words that simply sound negative or harsh without recalling its specific connotation of sharp humour. In vocabulary questions, it is crucial to connect target words with typical collocations ("mordant wit", "mordant satire") and mental images. Building vocabulary notebooks with example sentences for such words helps ensure that you remember both meaning and typical usage for exam situations. Final Answer: The word "Mordant" is closest in meaning to "sarcastic".

Question 11

In this English vocabulary question on synonyms, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the given word "Pragmatic".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question examines your understanding of the adjective "pragmatic", a common word in discussions of policy, management, and everyday problem solving. To answer correctly, you must recall whether "pragmatic" refers to theory, perfection, simplicity, or a practical, realistic approach to situations. Given Data / Assumptions: Word to be explained: "Pragmatic". Options: theoretical realistic perfect simple idealistic We assume the word is used in its usual sense describing a person, policy, or approach. Concept / Approach: "Pragmatic" describes an attitude or approach that is practical and focused on what works in reality, rather than what is ideal, purely theoretical, or overly optimistic. A pragmatic person or solution emphasizes effectiveness and feasibility over abstract principles. Therefore, the best synonym among the options is the one that expresses grounded, practical thinking: "realistic". Words like "theoretical" and "idealistic" actually contrast with "pragmatic". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that a "pragmatic approach" is often contrasted with an "idealistic" or "purely theoretical" approach. Step 2: Evaluate "theoretical". This refers to ideas and concepts that may not yet be tested in real life; in many contexts, "theoretical" is opposed to "practical" or "pragmatic". Step 3: Evaluate "realistic". This means dealing with things in a sensible and practical way, based on what is actually possible, which aligns closely with "pragmatic". Step 4: Evaluate "perfect". This refers to absolute flawlessness and does not capture the focus on practicality or feasibility. Step 5: Evaluate "simple". This means easy or uncomplicated, but a pragmatic solution might actually be complex; simplicity is not the key feature here. Step 6: Evaluate "idealistic". This describes focusing on high ideals and what ought to be, sometimes ignoring practical constraints; it is almost the opposite of "pragmatic". Step 7: Therefore, "realistic" is the best synonym for "pragmatic" among the options. Verification / Alternative check: Consider example sentences: "We need a pragmatic plan to reduce traffic" can be rephrased as "We need a realistic plan to reduce traffic" without changing the core meaning. But if you replace "pragmatic" with "idealistic" or "theoretical", the nuance shifts to emphasise ideas or ideals rather than practical action. This shows that "realistic" overlaps most closely in meaning with "pragmatic". Why Other Options Are Wrong: theoretical: Focuses on abstract ideas, not on practical implementation; often contrasted with "pragmatic". perfect: Refers to flawlessness, not practicality or realism. simple: Refers to ease or lack of complexity, not necessarily to a practical, workable approach. idealistic: Emphasises ideals and what should be, often without considering real world constraints; the opposite of "pragmatic" in many contexts. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse "pragmatic" with "simple" or "perfect", thinking that practical solutions must be easy or flawless. In reality, a pragmatic solution may be imperfect or complex but still workable and realistic. Associating "pragmatic" with "practical" and "realistic" will help you remember its meaning for future reading passages and exam questions. Final Answer: The word "Pragmatic" is closest in meaning to "realistic".

Question 12

In the following vocabulary question, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the word Apposite, which is often used in formal English to mean suitable or fitting in a particular context.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary multiple choice question asks you to select the option that is closest in meaning to the word Apposite. This word appears frequently in editorials, essays, and formal speeches. Knowing its meaning helps you understand when a comment, example, or remark is described as particularly suitable or well chosen for a situation. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: Apposite. Options: Kind, Favourable, Eloquent, Appropriate. You must choose the option whose meaning is nearest to Apposite in standard English usage. There is exactly one correct answer and three distractors that are related in tone but not identical in meaning. Concept / Approach: Apposite is an adjective that means suitable, appropriate, or fitting for a particular situation. It is used when a remark, example, quotation, or illustration matches the context very well. To solve the question, you should mentally replace Apposite with each option and see which word can naturally describe a remark or example that fits the context perfectly. Among the four, Appropriate is the closest match, because it also means suitable or proper in the circumstances. The other options describe positive qualities but do not directly express the idea of being contextually fitting. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall or infer the meaning of Apposite as suitable, apt, or well chosen. Step 2: Consider Kind. This describes a gentle or considerate nature and does not directly mean suitable for a context. Step 3: Consider Favourable. This usually means beneficial or showing approval and is more about advantage than suitability. Step 4: Consider Eloquent. This means speaking or writing in a fluent and persuasive way and focuses on style, not appropriateness. Step 5: Consider Appropriate. This directly means suitable or proper for a particular situation. Step 6: Conclude that Appropriate is the only option that accurately reflects the meaning of Apposite. Verification / Alternative check: Imagine a sentence such as The speaker chose an apposite example to clarify the concept. If you replace Apposite with Appropriate, the sentence still sounds natural and keeps the same idea. Replacing it with Kind, Favourable, or Eloquent either changes the meaning or makes the sentence odd. This confirms that Appropriate is the correct synonym in this context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Kind: Refers to a gentle or caring attitude rather than suitability to a situation. Favourable: Suggests helpful or positive, which is more about outcome than about being well chosen for a context. Eloquent: Describes fluent and persuasive expression, but something can be eloquent and still not be appropriate to the situation. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse Apposite with Opposite because the two words look similar. Another mistake is to choose Favourable simply because it sounds formal. To avoid such errors, always focus on the core idea of the word in question and check whether the option can replace it in common sentences without changing the meaning. Building a habit of noticing words like Apposite in editorials and noting their approximate synonyms helps strengthen long term vocabulary retention. Final Answer: The word Apposite most nearly means Appropriate, so option d is correct.

Question 13

In the following question, choose the word that is opposite in meaning to the adjective Generous, which describes someone who freely gives help, money, or time.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of antonyms, that is, words with opposite meanings. The target word is Generous, a common adjective used in everyday English to describe people who are willing to share or give more than is strictly necessary. Examinations often ask for the opposite of such character traits so that you learn both positive and negative descriptors for personality and behaviour. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: Generous. Options: Stoic, Stingy, Poor, Specific. You must identify the word whose meaning is opposite to Generous in the context of giving or sharing. The question is about attitude, not about social class or emotional control. Concept / Approach: Generous describes someone who gives freely, shares gladly, and is often large hearted with money, time, or kindness. The antonym should therefore refer to someone who is unwilling to give, very close with money, or mean in sharing. Stingy precisely carries this sense of being miserly and unwilling to spend or share. The other options do not directly contrast with Generous in this behavioural sense. Poor refers to lack of money, Stoic refers to emotional control, and Specific refers to clarity or precision in detail. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the meaning of Generous as liberal in giving, open handed, or large hearted. Step 2: Consider Stoic. This word describes a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing feelings. It has nothing to do with giving money or help. Step 3: Consider Stingy. This describes someone who hates spending money and avoids sharing, which is directly opposite to being generous. Step 4: Consider Poor. This refers to not having enough money or resources, but a person can be poor and still generous. Step 5: Consider Specific. This relates to being clear and detailed, which is unrelated to generosity. Step 6: Conclude that Stingy is the correct antonym. Verification / Alternative check: Think of sample sentences. One might say She is a generous donor to charity. The opposite description would be She is a stingy donor who rarely gives anything. If you try using Poor, you would get She is a poor donor, which refers to low amount but not necessarily unwillingness. Stoic and Specific do not even fit naturally in this structure. This confirms that Stingy is the best opposite of Generous in this context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Stoic: Describes calm endurance of pain or hardship and does not relate to giving habits. Poor: Describes economic status, not willingness to share, and poor people can still be generous. Specific: Relates to precision in description, not to personality traits like generosity or meanness. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to confuse Poor with the opposite of Generous because learners focus only on the money aspect. However, generous behaviour is about attitude, not bank balance. Another trap is to choose a word that looks serious or formal, such as Stoic, without checking if the meaning matches. To avoid such errors, always convert the question into a simple sentence and test each option in place of the target word to see whether it truly functions as an opposite. Final Answer: The antonym of Generous is Stingy, so option b is correct.

Question 14

In the following question, choose the word that is opposite in meaning to the adjective Barren, which describes land or a situation that produces little or nothing.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This antonym question checks your understanding of descriptive vocabulary used for land, fields, or situations. The word Barren is commonly used in geography, agriculture, and metaphorical writing to describe something that does not produce crops, results, or ideas. To answer correctly, you must know which option presents a directly opposite idea, that of being productive or capable of growth. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: Barren. Options: Oily, Polished, Sorrowful, Fertile. You must pick the word which is opposite in meaning to Barren. The context is typically about land, fields, or productivity, not emotional states or surface qualities. Concept / Approach: Barren refers to land that cannot produce crops, or more generally to anything that is empty of results, ideas, or life. The opposite of such unproductive conditions is something that is rich, productive, and capable of growth. Fertile has exactly this meaning for land, animals, and even ideas, as in fertile imagination. The other options describe surface qualities or emotional states and do not oppose Barren in the core sense of productivity. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Barren means unable to produce crops, fruit, children, or useful results. Step 2: Look at Oily. This describes a surface that is greasy or covered in oil, and has no direct connection to productivity. Step 3: Look at Polished. This means smooth and shiny or refined, and refers to appearance or style, not fertility. Step 4: Look at Sorrowful. This refers to sadness or grief, which is an emotional state and does not reverse the meaning of Barren. Step 5: Look at Fertile. This describes soil or land that can support abundant growth of plants, or a person or animal that can reproduce. Step 6: Conclude that Fertile is the direct opposite of Barren in the usual descriptive sense. Verification / Alternative check: Use example sentences for confirmation. We can say The desert is barren land with very little vegetation. The opposite description would be The river valley is fertile land with abundant crops. Replacing Barren with Oily or Polished results in strange descriptions that do not match the usual idea. Sorrowful also does not fit because it describes an emotional quality, not physical productivity. This comparison confirms that Fertile is the correct antonym. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Oily: Refers to a greasy or slippery quality and does not relate to the ability to produce crops or results. Polished: Describes something smooth or refined and is about appearance rather than productivity or growth. Sorrowful: Describes sadness, which is a mental or emotional state, not the physical or creative capacity of land or situations. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes look for a word that simply feels negative or positive instead of focusing on the precise aspect being described. Barren speaks about the lack of production, not about emotion or shine. To avoid confusion, always ask what property the original word is describing. If it is about fertility, the antonym must also speak about fertility, not unrelated qualities. Regular reading of descriptive passages in geography and literature helps internalise how words like Barren and Fertile are used in contrast. Final Answer: The antonym of Barren is Fertile, so option d is correct.

Question 15

In the following question, choose the word that is opposite in meaning to the adjective Profound, which describes something very deep, intense, or intellectually serious.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This antonym question focuses on the word Profound, a common term in academic writing, philosophy, and literary criticism. Profound describes ideas, feelings, or changes that are very deep, intense, or significant. To find the correct answer, you must choose the option that clearly expresses the opposite idea, namely something shallow or lacking depth. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: Profound. Options: Mysterious, Difficult, Superfluous, Superficial. You must select the option whose meaning is opposite to Profound in sense of depth and seriousness. The context is emotional depth or intellectual depth, not just difficulty or quantity. Concept / Approach: Profound often describes thoughts, questions, discoveries, or emotions that reach far below the surface. The opposite of this depth is something that only touches the surface, lacks seriousness, or is shallow. Superficial captures this meaning exactly. It refers to something that is only on the surface, not thorough, and lacking real depth. Mysterious and Difficult may relate to complexity, but not necessarily to depth or its absence. Superfluous means unnecessary or extra, which is not the central opposite of Profound. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Profound means very deep, intense, or far reaching in thought and feeling. Step 2: Consider Mysterious. This means difficult to understand or explain, but something can be mysterious without being shallow or deep in the specific sense of Profound. Step 3: Consider Difficult. This simply means hard to do or understand and does not directly address depth or superficiality. Step 4: Consider Superfluous. This means more than is needed, unnecessary, or excessive. It is related to quantity but not directly to depth. Step 5: Consider Superficial. This means existing only on the surface, lacking depth, or concerned only with outward appearance. Step 6: Conclude that Superficial is the clear opposite of Profound. Verification / Alternative check: Think of paired sentences such as The book offers a profound analysis of human nature versus The book offers a superficial analysis of human nature. These two descriptions express opposite evaluations of depth and seriousness. Replacing Profound with Superfluous or Mysterious does not create such a clean opposition. Similarly, calling a change profound suggests that it is far reaching, while calling it superficial suggests that it is only on the surface. This confirms that Superficial is the correct antonym here. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Mysterious: Focuses on being hard to explain, which can coexist with depth rather than oppose it. Difficult: Refers to the level of effort required, not to depth versus shallowness. Superfluous: Means unnecessary or excessive, not shallow. A profound argument might still contain some superfluous details. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse Difficult with Profound because both can appear in discussions of complex ideas. However, an idea can be difficult to understand without being deep or meaningful, and some profound truths are expressed very simply. The key is to focus on the idea of depth. When you see Profound, think of something that goes deep, and when you see Superficial, think of something that stays on the surface. Keeping such mental images can help you remember antonym pairs more reliably. Final Answer: The antonym of Profound is Superficial, so option d is correct.

Question 16

In the following spelling question, four words are given, out of which only one word is correctly spelt. Identify the correctly spelt English word among Liaison, Laiseon, Laision, and Liesion.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Spelling questions check your ability to recognise standard English spellings, especially for words borrowed from other languages such as French. The word Liaison appears frequently in administrative, diplomatic, and business contexts to describe a person or role that connects two groups. Because it comes from French, many learners find its spelling tricky and confuse the position of vowels and consonants. Given Data / Assumptions: Four variants are given: Liaison, Laiseon, Laision, and Liesion. Exactly one of these matches the standard English spelling used in good dictionaries. Your task is to identify that correct form. No knowledge of meaning is strictly required, but knowing the word helps you recall its spelling. Concept / Approach: Liaison is spelled L I A I S O N, with an alternating pattern of consonants and vowels. The structure is li ai son. This pattern is fixed in English and does not change by region. The other options change the order of vowels or introduce incorrect sequences such as eo or ie, which do not match the established spelling. When dealing with loanwords, it is helpful to remember common patterns and to visualise how you have seen them printed in newspapers and textbooks. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus your attention on the sequence of vowels in each option. Step 2: Examine Liaison. The vowel sequence is i a i o, which may look unusual but is the known pattern in English. Step 3: Examine Laiseon. Here the sequence a i e o introduces an extra vowel and breaks the normal pattern. Step 4: Examine Laision. This misplaces the vowels, giving a i i o, and does not match standard spelling rules for this word. Step 5: Examine Liesion. This looks similar to lesion, a completely different word, and the ie combination is not used in Liaison. Step 6: Conclude that Liaison is the only correct and recognised spelling. Verification / Alternative check: Think about how the word is used in phrases like liaison officer or sales liaison. If you have seen it written in official notices, business cards, or reports, you will recall the exact sequence L I A I S O N. Checking a reliable dictionary would confirm that this is indeed the accepted spelling. None of the other options appear in serious writing or standard dictionaries as variants of this particular word. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Laiseon: Adds an extra vowel and breaks the established sequence, making it a non standard form. Laision: Misplaces the vowels, resulting in a form that does not match the dictionary entry. Liesion: Resembles lesion, which is a different word meaning an area of damage, and is not a variant of Liaison. Common Pitfalls: Candidates often rely on how words sound rather than how they look in print. For foreign origin words, sound can be misleading because spelling patterns follow the original language. To improve, maintain a small list of frequently tested spellings such as Liaison, Entrepreneur, and Bureaucracy, and revise them regularly. Visual memory is your ally in these questions, so reading widely and paying attention to spellings in headlines and official texts will steadily build your confidence. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word is Liaison, so option a is correct.

Question 17

In the following spelling question, four words are given, out of which only one word is correctly spelt. Identify the correct spelling of the word Supernumerary, which refers to something extra or in excess of the normal number.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your ability to recognise the correct spelling of the word Supernumerary. This formal adjective is often used to describe staff, parts, or items that are more than the usual or required number, such as supernumerary teeth or supernumerary staff. Because the word is somewhat long and has repeated syllables, many learners confuse the placement of vowels and consonants. Given Data / Assumptions: Options: Supernumarary, Supernumerary, Supernumarery, Supernumarey. Exactly one option matches the standard spelling used in good dictionaries. The other variants contain subtle vowel errors or misplaced letters. You must pick the one form that is correct for examinations and formal writing. Concept / Approach: The correct spelling is Supernumerary, with the sequence super plus numerary. Think of the root numerical or numerous to notice the same n u m e r pattern. The structure is super numer ary. Any spelling that breaks this numer sequence or changes the final ary ending is incorrect. This method of identifying a known root within a longer word is very useful for remembering tricky spellings, especially in academic English. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Break the word into parts: super plus numer plus ary. Step 2: Examine option b, Supernumerary. It clearly keeps the numer root intact and ends with ary. Step 3: Examine option a, Supernumarary. Here, the sequence is numar rather than numer, which is incorrect. Step 4: Examine option c, Supernumarery. This again replaces the e in numer with a and also changes the ending to ery. Step 5: Examine option d, Supernumarey. This not only distorts numer but also gives a non standard ending e y. Step 6: Conclude that Supernumerary is the only form that respects the numer root and matches the known pattern. Verification / Alternative check: Recall common usage such as supernumerary police force or supernumerary actors in a play. In each case, the numer part of the word subtly reminds you of number. Checking a standard dictionary entry would show the spelling S U P E R N U M E R A R Y. None of the other options occur in serious texts or official documents. This confirmation through root recognition and dictionary memory ensures that Supernumerary is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Supernumarary: Misspells the numer root as numar and so is non standard. Supernumarery: Contains two errors, both in the central root and in the ending, making it incorrect. Supernumarey: Changes both internal vowels and final letters, producing a form that does not exist in formal English. Common Pitfalls: Many learners are misled by pronunciation and try to write the word exactly as it sounds, which can hide the numer connection. Others focus only on the first part super and neglect the rest. A good strategy is to underline known roots inside long words and to associate them with related words like numeric, numeral, and innumerable. This not only helps you in spelling questions but also strengthens your understanding of word families in English vocabulary. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word is Supernumerary, so option b is correct.

Question 18

In the following spelling question, four words are given, out of which only one word is correctly spelt. Identify the correct spelling of the medical term for heavy bleeding, Hemorrhage.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This spelling question focuses on a medical term that appears in health articles and examinations, especially in first aid and biology sections. The word Hemorrhage refers to heavy or uncontrolled bleeding. English spellings of medical terms often come from Latin or Greek and can be difficult, so it is useful to be able to recognise the correct pattern among similar looking options. Given Data / Assumptions: Options: Hemerhage, Hemorage, Hemorrhage, Hemerrege. Exactly one option represents the standard English spelling of the word for heavy bleeding. The others are designed with small letter changes to test careful visual recognition. The variety shown is in the central consonant group and the arrangement of vowels. Concept / Approach: The correct spelling Hemorrhage contains a double r in the middle and the ending hage. The structure can be remembered as hemo plus rrhage, with hemo relating to blood. Any spelling that misses one of the r letters or distorts the final hage is incorrect. Recognising common medical prefixes and suffixes is a powerful strategy in dealing with such questions, because they repeat across many technical terms. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Mentally split the word as hemo plus rrhage, focusing on the central double r and final hage. Step 2: Examine Hemerhage. It has only one r and also changes the vowel pattern, which is not standard. Step 3: Examine Hemorage. This again has only one r and uses the ending rage rather than rrhage. Step 4: Examine Hemorrhage. This version has the double r and the ending hage, matching the known structure. Step 5: Examine Hemerrege. This variant distorts both the central consonants and the ending, making it clearly incorrect. Step 6: Conclude that Hemorrhage is the only correctly spelt medical term. Verification / Alternative check: Think of related words like hemorrhagic, which also carry the double r h pattern. Textbooks and health articles consistently use Hemorrhage with this specific spelling. If you imagine a chapter title such as internal hemorrhage, you are likely to recall seeing the double r. None of the other options are likely to appear in authentic medical or educational materials. This association with real texts confirms that Hemorrhage is the correct form. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Hemerhage: Uses a single r and changes the vowel sequence, so it does not match the standard medical spelling. Hemorage: Simplifies the word incorrectly by dropping one r and altering the ending to rage. Hemerrege: Contains multiple irregular changes and does not correspond to any recognised term. Common Pitfalls: Students may be tempted by shorter spellings or versions that look easier to write, but medical terms rarely undergo such simplification in formal English. It is better to remember the consistent elements hemo for blood and rrhage for bursting or excessive flow. Repeated exposure to such words in textbooks, diagrams, and practice questions will gradually fix the correct spelling in your visual memory, making these questions straightforward in exams. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word is Hemorrhage, so option c is correct.

Question 19

In the following question on English idioms, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the expression From stem to stern as used in standard usage.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of the English idiom From stem to stern. Idioms are fixed expressions whose meanings are not always clear from the individual words. Originally, this phrase comes from the vocabulary of ships, where stem refers to the front part and stern to the rear. Over time, the idiom has also taken on a broader meaning in general English, describing something that extends through the whole length or from beginning to end. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom given: From stem to stern. Options include references to ships, beginnings and endings, plants, and personality changes. You must select the option that best captures the idiomatic sense as used in normal English sentences. The focus is on complete extent, not literally only ship parts or plants. Concept / Approach: Literally, stem and stern are parts of a ship. However, in idiomatic usage, From stem to stern means throughout the entire length or from one end to the other. This idea can be generalised to mean from the beginning to the end. While the ship based description in option a reflects the literal origin, option b expresses how the idiom is commonly used in modern writing and speech. Examination questions normally prefer the generalised meaning that applies across many contexts, such as books, houses, or processes. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall or infer that stem and stern are nautical terms relating to the front and back of a ship. Step 2: Understand that the idiom has developed to mean through the whole thing or from one end to the other. Step 3: Examine option a, all the way from the front of a ship to the back. This is the literal image and is partly correct but very narrow. Step 4: Examine option b, from the beginning to the end. This captures the extended idiomatic sense that applies not only to ships but to many other situations. Step 5: Examine option c, top of a plant to its roots, which introduces plants and is unrelated to standard usage. Step 6: Examine option d, loose pleasantness to become strict, which bears no relation to the idea of extent. Step 7: Decide that option b gives the best idiomatic meaning for examination purposes. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a sentence such as The house was cleaned from stem to stern before the festival. Here, the subject is a house, not a ship, and the meaning is that it was cleaned thoroughly from beginning to end or from one end to the other. The use of the idiom in non nautical contexts supports option b. If the phrase were restricted only to ships, you would not see it applied to houses, books, or projects. Modern examples in newspapers and novels confirm that it is used more generally. Why Other Options Are Wrong: All the way from the front of a ship to the back: Captures the literal origin but misses the wider idiomatic use and is therefore too narrow. From the top of a plant to its roots: Introduces an incorrect image that is never associated with this idiom. Loose pleasantness to become strict: Describes a change in behaviour, not an extent in space or time, and is unrelated. Common Pitfalls: Learners may get stuck at the literal level and choose the option that talks about ship parts, ignoring the fact that idioms often extend beyond their original imagery. Another common error is to think that any phrase mentioning front and back is automatically correct. To avoid this, you should read example sentences of idioms in context and notice where and how they are used. Building a mental link between From stem to stern and phrases like throughout, completely, and from beginning to end will help you recall the correct meaning quickly in exams. Final Answer: The idiom From stem to stern means from the beginning to the end, so option b is correct.

Question 20

In the following question on English idioms, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the expression Over egg the pudding as used in everyday English.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This idiom question examines your understanding of the English expression Over egg the pudding. Idioms like this often come from cooking or household images but are now used in wider contexts such as news reports, speeches, and everyday conversation. The phrase does not literally refer only to cooking. Instead, it symbolises the idea of spoiling something by trying too hard to improve it with unnecessary additions. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom given: Over egg the pudding. Options range from literal cooking descriptions to more abstract descriptions of adding details. You must select the option that best captures the idiomatic sense in common usage. The focus is on unnecessary exaggeration or over decoration that harms the final result. Concept / Approach: Literally, adding too many eggs to a pudding can ruin its taste or texture. Figuratively, Over egg the pudding means to overdo something by adding unnecessary details, exaggerating, or trying too hard to make it better, thereby making it worse or less effective. The correct option should reflect this idea of needless extra detail or over preparation. The options that mention simply adding details or adding important content do not fully express the negative effect of overdoing it. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand that the idiom is metaphorical and refers to the effect of adding too much of something. Step 2: Examine option a, add unnecessary details to make something seem better or worse. This clearly mentions unnecessary additions that change the impression. Step 3: Examine option b, fill the pudding excessively with egg, which stays at the literal cooking level and does not show the broader idiomatic usage. Step 4: Examine option c, add details in order to make something more exciting. This sounds positive and does not include the idea that it may be overdone or harmful. Step 5: Examine option d, add important details to the content of a story, which is completely positive and not at all about spoiling things. Step 6: Decide that option a best represents the idiomatic meaning of overdoing something with needless extras. Verification / Alternative check: Consider how the phrase appears in sentences such as The speech was fine, but the writer over egged the pudding with too many dramatic adjectives. In this context, the problem is not that the speaker added important information, but that the extra flourishes weakened the effect. If you replace Over egg the pudding with add unnecessary details, the sentence still makes sense. Using the other options would either limit the meaning to cooking or suggest a positive result, which is not intended. This confirms that option a is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Fill the pudding excessively with egg: Gives only the literal kitchen image and does not express the figurative use in language and writing. Add details in order to make something more exciting: Suggests a positive strategy, while the idiom warns against harmful exaggeration. Add important details to the content of a story: Implies improvement, not overdoing, and misses the negative sense completely. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to select a literal interpretation whenever food related words appear in an idiom. Another error is to treat any mention of adding details as correct without checking whether the option includes the key element of unnecessary or excessive addition. A good practice is to ask yourself whether the idiom carries a warning against excess. If the answer is yes, then the correct option must include a sense of overdoing and not just adding content. Final Answer: The idiom Over egg the pudding means add unnecessary details to make something seem better or worse, so option a is correct.

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