Question 1

In this voice change question, the sentence "The class is required to watch a video tutorial every day." is given in passive voice. Choose the option that best expresses the same idea in active voice in natural, correct English.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a voice change question where you must convert a passive sentence into a natural sounding active sentence. The given sentence is "The class is required to watch a video tutorial every day." In exams, such questions test whether you can preserve the meaning, tense and sense of obligation while changing the grammatical structure from passive to active voice. The focus is on clarity and correctness, not just mechanical conversion. Given Data / Assumptions: Passive sentence: "The class is required to watch a video tutorial every day." The subject in passive is "The class". The action is "to watch a video tutorial". There is a sense of obligation indicated by "is required". You must choose an active sentence that expresses that the class watches the video daily as a required activity. Concept / Approach: To convert passive to active, we generally identify who performs the action and make that the subject of the new sentence. In this case, the doer is already visible: "The class". The passive construction "is required to watch" expresses a duty or obligation, which in active voice can be rendered as a regular habit that is known to be compulsory. A natural active equivalent is therefore "Every day the class watches a required video tutorial", where "watches" is simple present tense denoting a regular action and "required" preserves the sense of obligation. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the subject and verb in the passive sentence. Subject: "The class"; passive phrase: "is required to watch".Step 2: Recognise that the underlying meaning is that the class has a daily duty to watch a video tutorial.Step 3: Change to an active pattern where "the class" directly performs the verb "watches".Step 4: Keep the time adverbial "every day" at the beginning or end of the sentence for emphasis on regularity.Step 5: Retain the sense of obligation by using "required" as an adjective modifying "video tutorial", giving "a required video tutorial". The resulting sentence is "Every day the class watches a required video tutorial." Verification / Alternative check: Check the tense and meaning. The original uses present passive "is required", describing a current, habitual requirement. In the active version, "watches" is simple present, also indicating a habit or daily routine. The requirement is still clear because the tutorial is described as "required". When you compare the two, both sentences say that it is compulsory for the class to watch the video tutorial daily. This confirms that the chosen active sentence is faithful to the original meaning. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "A video tutorial is required to be watched by the class every day", is another passive sentence, not an active one, and is also unnecessarily wordy. Option B, "A video tutorial is watched by the class every day", is passive and loses the explicit sense of requirement, sounding merely descriptive. Option D, "Every day the class is watching a required video tutorial", uses the present continuous tense, which suggests an action happening right now or temporarily, not a permanent daily requirement. It is therefore less appropriate as a general rule or instruction. Common Pitfalls: Many students simply look for a sentence that resembles the original without checking if it is actually in the active voice. Another common pitfall is ignoring the nuance of obligation expressed by words like "required", "supposed to" or "expected to". When changing voice, you must preserve not just the basic action but also the sense of duty, time reference and frequency. Always ensure that the new subject is performing the action directly and that the tense matches the original context. Final Answer: The best active voice equivalent is Every day the class watches a required video tutorial., which correctly expresses a daily, compulsory action performed by the class.

Question 2

In this reported speech question, the direct speech sentence is: My father says, "Prices are shooting up alarmingly." Choose the option that best converts this into indirect (reported) speech while keeping the sense and tense appropriate.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is from the topic of direct and indirect speech (also called reported speech). You are given a direct quote: My father says, "Prices are shooting up alarmingly." Your task is to select the option that correctly converts this direct speech into indirect speech. Such questions check whether you understand the rules for changing tenses, pronouns and word order when moving from quoted speech to reported speech, especially when the reporting verb is in the present tense. Given Data / Assumptions: Direct speech: My father says, "Prices are shooting up alarmingly." Reporting verb: "says", which is in the simple present tense. The reported clause describes a general or continuing situation about prices increasing rapidly. You must choose one of the given options as the best indirect speech version. Concept / Approach: When the reporting verb is in the present tense ("says", "states", "tells"), the tense of the reported clause normally does not change. However, the structure changes from quoted speech to a "that clause". In the original, the present continuous "are shooting up" describes an action happening around now and possibly continuing. In indirect speech with a present reporting verb, we often keep the tense or shift slightly to a timeless description if we want to express a general trend. The option "prices shoot up alarmingly" uses simple present to express a situation seen as generally true or characteristic, which is acceptable in reported speech with "says". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the reporting part: "My father says" and the quoted statement: "Prices are shooting up alarmingly."Step 2: Replace the comma and quotation marks with "that" to introduce a reported clause: "My father says that ..."Step 3: Decide on the tense inside the reported clause. Since "says" is in the present tense, you are not forced to change "are shooting up".Step 4: Check the options and see that option A uses simple present "shoot up" to express an alarming price rise as a general trend, which is natural in English.Step 5: Reject options that unnecessarily shift the statement into the past or use inconsistent tenses with the present reporting verb. Verification / Alternative check: Compare the meanings of the direct and indirect sentences. "My father says, 'Prices are shooting up alarmingly.'" can be understood as "He regularly comments that prices rise sharply and dangerously." The indirect version "My father says that prices shoot up alarmingly." still conveys the idea that, according to him, prices rise or tend to rise sharply. The time frame and sense of urgency remain similar. Options that move everything into the past ("was shooting up", "shot up") break this ongoing or general sense and are less suitable with "says". Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, "My father says that the price was shooting up alarmingly", incorrectly uses past continuous "was shooting up" and changes "prices" to "the price", which distorts both number and time reference. Option C, "prices shot up alarmingly", shifts the action to a completed event in the past, which does not fit well with the present reporting verb "says". Option D, "My father said that the prices were shooting up alarmingly", changes the reporting verb to past ("said") and the reported clause to past continuous, making it a completely different sentence from the original and therefore unsuitable as a direct conversion. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to apply backshifting rules mechanically, changing every tense to the past even when the reporting verb is in the present. Another pitfall is not noticing changes in number (price vs prices) or articles that alter the meaning. Remember that when the reporting verb is in present tense and the statement is still true or represents a general situation, it is acceptable to keep the present tense or use a simple present form that captures an ongoing trend. Final Answer: The best indirect speech version is My father says that prices shoot up alarmingly., which correctly preserves the sense of his present comment about sharply rising prices.

Question 3

After reading the passage about the musical play "The Way Across" and its English rendition, answer this comprehension question: What was sacrificed in order to keep the play in English and reach a wider audience?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question comes from a reading comprehension passage about the musical play "The Way Across", based on the book "Telangana lo Buddhism". The passage explains how the play tried to combine regional focus with wider reach by using English. Your task is to identify what the play sacrificed by choosing an English rendition aimed at a broader audience. Reading comprehension questions like this test your ability to pick up subtle critiques and key ideas stated or implied in the passage. Given Data / Assumptions: The play "The Way Across" focuses on Buddhism in Telangana, showing the enlightenment of a cursed Brahmin Bawari and his disciples. The production uses projector visuals, music and shadow-play to give authenticity to the theme. The passage clearly states that "Despite the play's focus on Telangana, the native essence was compromised, due to the English rendition (done for a wider reach)." You are asked specifically: "What was sacrificed to keep the play in English?" Concept / Approach: To answer such questions, you must locate the part of the passage that directly addresses the change or compromise discussed. Here, the key sentence explains the trade off: to reach a wider audience, the play was performed in English, but this led to loss or weakening of its native flavour. Therefore, the answer must refer to the native or regional essence, not to the wide audience or other aspects. Options that repeat phrases without capturing this compromise should be eliminated. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the critical line: "Despite the play's focus on Telangana, the native essence was compromised, due to the English rendition (done for a wider reach)." Step 2: Understand that "compromised" here means weakened or partly sacrificed.Step 3: Focus on what exactly was compromised: "the native essence", meaning the local flavour, idiom, and cultural feel.Step 4: Examine the options and locate the one that refers to this native essence most closely.Step 5: See that "A bit of native essence" directly matches the phrase used in the passage and clearly answers what was sacrificed. Verification / Alternative check: Ask yourself: Why was English chosen? The passage states that the English rendition was "done for a wider reach". So the wider audience was gained, not sacrificed. What quality suffered as a result? The line explicitly says that the native essence was compromised. Therefore, any option suggesting that a wider audience or the entire authenticity was lost does not fit as well as the specific phrase about native essence. The correct answer should echo the author's wording and emphasis. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "A wider audience", is the opposite of what was sacrificed; it is actually what the play gained by using English. Option B, "Authenticity", is too broad and absolute; the passage describes efforts to lend authenticity through visuals and music, and only says that the native essence was compromised, not that authenticity as a whole was sacrificed. Option C, "Depiction of reality", is never mentioned as being lost, so it introduces an idea not supported by the text. Only Option D, "A bit of native essence", directly reflects the passage's statement about what was compromised. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes pick words like "authenticity" or "reality" because they sound serious and critical, even when the passage does not explicitly say these were lost. Another common mistake is misreading the question and thinking in terms of what was gained rather than what was sacrificed. Always pay attention to key verbs such as "compromised", "sacrificed", "lost" or "gained", and check which noun phrase they are attached to in the passage. Final Answer: The correct answer is A bit of native essence, because the passage clearly states that the play's native Telangana flavour was compromised in order to perform it in English for a wider audience.

Question 4

According to the passage about the musical play "The Way Across", many plays have depicted the life of Gautama Buddha, but this play was said to be unique for a particular reason. What specific feature made "The Way Across" unique?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is based on a reading comprehension passage about the musical play "The Way Across". The passage compares this play to many other plays and films about the life of Gautama Buddha. You are asked to identify the particular feature that made this play unique, according to the author. Such questions test careful reading of the opening lines of a passage, where the writer often states the main distinguishing characteristic. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage begins by noting that many plays and films have depicted Buddha's life story. It then states that what made "The Way Across" unique was its regional focus. Later, the passage mentions that the play was a musical, used English, and was adapted from the book "Telangana lo Buddhism". The question asks: "What was unique about the play, 'The Way Across'?" Concept / Approach: To answer this, you must identify which feature the author explicitly labels as unique. The key sentence is that many works have covered Buddha's life, but this play was unique because of its regional focus on Telangana and on the enlightenment of a specific cursed Brahmin Bawari and his sixteen disciples. Although being musical and English are notable features, the writer clearly emphasises "regional focus" as the unique quality distinguishing it from other depictions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Re-read the first two or three lines of the passage, where the uniqueness of the play is discussed.Step 2: Note the contrast: many plays and films tell Buddha's life story, but "The Way Across" is different.Step 3: Identify the phrase that directly follows "what made the musical play 'The Way Across' unique". It is "was its regional focus".Step 4: Recognise that "regional focus" refers to its emphasis on Telangana and Buddhist traditions there.Step 5: Match this phrase with the given options and select the one that repeats or clearly reflects it: "Regional focus". Verification / Alternative check: If you consider each option, ask whether the passage specifically calls that feature unique. Being a musical is mentioned but not presented as unique, since other musical plays may also exist. Being in English is discussed in the context of compromising native essence, not as the main point of uniqueness. The story line is indeed focused on Bawari and his disciples, but the author frames this within a regional Telangana context. Only "regional focus" is explicitly connected with the word "unique" in the text, which confirms that it is the right answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Story line", is too vague; many plays have different story lines yet the passage specifically mentions regional focus as the unique aspect. Option C, "It was a musical", is true but not singled out as unique in comparison to all other plays and films. Option D, "It was in English", is discussed as a reason for loss of native essence, not as a point of uniqueness to celebrate. Therefore, none of these options matches the passage's stated reason for uniqueness as directly as "Regional focus" does. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to confuse "unique" with "unfamiliar" or to choose the first unusual feature that comes to mind, such as the use of English. Another pitfall is not noticing the author's exact wording. In reading comprehension, you must pay attention to phrases like "what made it unique was..." or "the most important feature is...", because these directly guide you to the correct option. Quoting or mentally repeating such phrases is an effective strategy. Final Answer: The correct answer is Regional focus, because the passage explicitly states that what made "The Way Across" unique was its focus on the region of Telangana and its Buddhist heritage.

Question 5

According to the passage about the musical play "The Way Across", Kiran Kumar's performance is highlighted. Which role did Kiran Kumar play in this production?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This reading comprehension question focuses on a factual detail from the passage about the musical play "The Way Across". The passage mentions specific actors and the characters they portrayed, including Kiran Kumar and Krishna Chaitanya Joshi. You are asked to recall which role Kiran Kumar played. Such questions test your ability to pick out and retain explicit information while reading rather than infer or guess. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage states that the play focuses on the enlightenment of a cursed Brahmin Bawari and his sixteen disciples. It later mentions that "Kiran Kumar's Bawari act" stands out. Krishna Chaitanya Joshi is separately mentioned as playing Pingiya. The question asks: "Kiran Kumar played the role of the _______." Concept / Approach: This is a straightforward recall question. To answer it correctly, you simply need to remember or recheck which name is associated with which character. The phrase "Kiran Kumar's Bawari act" is a direct clue that he played Bawari, who is described earlier as the cursed Brahmin. Therefore, the correct answer must include both Bawari and his identity as the cursed Brahmin, as indicated in the passage. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the relevant lines in the passage: it mentions Kiran Kumar's performance specifically.Step 2: Recall the exact wording: "Kiran Kumar's Bawari act and Krishna Chaitanya Joshi as Pingiya ... grab your attention."Step 3: Connect "Bawari" with the earlier description of the character as "a cursed Brahmin Bawari".Step 4: Match this information with the answer options.Step 5: Choose "Cursed Brahmin Bawari" as it fully identifies the role played by Kiran Kumar. Verification / Alternative check: Eliminate confusion with other characters. The passage distinguishes between Bawari and Pingiya, assigning them to different actors: Kiran Kumar for Bawari and Krishna Chaitanya Joshi for Pingiya. It does not say that Kiran Kumar played Buddha or any of Buddha's disciples in general. Thus, any option assigning him to Buddha, Pingiya or an unspecified disciple is incorrect. Only the option that clearly names "Cursed Brahmin Bawari" fits the textual evidence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Buddha's disciple", is too vague and not supported by the passage, which names specific roles. Option B, "Gautama Buddha", is incorrect because the passage does not attribute this role to Kiran Kumar. Option C, "Pingiya", is explicitly linked to Krishna Chaitanya Joshi, not to Kiran Kumar. Therefore, these options contradict the information given in the passage. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse names when several characters and actors are mentioned, especially if they read quickly. Another common mistake is to pick the most famous name, such as Gautama Buddha, even when the text clearly assigns a different role. To avoid such errors, it helps to underline or mentally note actor character pairs while reading, especially when you suspect questions may focus on such details. Final Answer: The correct answer is Cursed Brahmin Bawari, because the passage clearly states that Kiran Kumar's performance as Bawari is one of the highlights of the play.

Question 6

In the passage about the play "The Way Across", one character is said to have propagated Buddhism from Telangana to several regions across South India. Who, according to the passage, helped spread Buddhism to South India?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This reading comprehension question again checks a factual detail from the passage about the musical play "The Way Across". The passage tells us something specific about a character named Pingiya and his role in the spread of Buddhism. You are asked to recall who is said to have propagated Buddhism from Telangana to several regions across South India. This tests precise reading of the character descriptions. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage describes Kiran Kumar as playing Bawari and Krishna Chaitanya Joshi as Pingiya. It adds that Pingiya is "said to have propagated Buddhism from Telangana to several regions across South India". The question asks: "Who helped spread Buddhism to South India?" Options include Bawari, the sixteen disciples, Telangana Buddhists in general, and Pingiya. Concept / Approach: Unlike inferential questions, this is a direct information retrieval question. The answer is contained almost word for word in the passage. To solve it, you simply need to recall or locate the sentence describing Pingiya's significance. The key clue is that only Pingiya is associated with the spread of Buddhism across South India, while the others have different roles or are mentioned more generally. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the relevant part of the passage: "Krishna Chaitanya Joshi as Pingiya (said to have propagated Buddhism from Telangana to several regions across South India) grab your attention."Step 2: Extract the core information: Pingiya is the one said to have propagated Buddhism from Telangana to South India.Step 3: Compare this information with the options provided.Step 4: Notice that only option D, "Pingiya", directly matches the character connected with propagation.Step 5: Choose "Pingiya" as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Check each option against the passage. Bawari is mentioned as a cursed Brahmin who attains enlightenment, not as a missionary figure spreading Buddhism. The sixteen disciples are described as curious and willing to learn deeper truths, but the passage does not say they were responsible for spreading Buddhism to South India. "Telangana Buddhists" as a group are not directly mentioned as agents of propagation in the passage. Only Pingiya is explicitly described as having propagated Buddhism from Telangana to several regions of South India. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Bawari", is important to the story but is portrayed primarily as the cursed Brahmin who seeks enlightenment, not as a missionary spreading the faith regionally. Option B, "Buddha's 16 disciples", is a misreading: the passage mentions Bawari's sixteen disciples, but it does not state that they spread Buddhism to South India. Option C, "Telangana Buddhists", introduces a term that does not appear in the passage at all. Therefore, none of these options accurately reflects the text. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes generalise from background knowledge, assuming that many disciples or unnamed Buddhists must have spread the religion. However, comprehension questions are based strictly on the passage provided, not on outside history. Another pitfall is to confuse Bawari with Pingiya because both are mentioned together in a sentence highlighting strong performances. Keeping track of who did what is crucial. Final Answer: The correct answer is Pingiya, since the passage explicitly states that Pingiya is said to have propagated Buddhism from Telangana to several regions across South India.

Question 7

According to the passage about the musical play "The Way Across", who directed the play that focused on Buddhism in Telangana and the enlightenment of Bawari and his disciples?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a direct factual question from the reading comprehension passage about the musical play "The Way Across". The passage clearly states who directed the play. You need to recall the director's name and choose it from the options. Such questions are straightforward but require paying attention to proper nouns and roles while reading. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage states that the play "The Way Across" was directed by G. Kumara Swamy. It later mentions Kiran Kumar and Krishna Chaitanya Joshi as actors playing specific roles. Bawari is the character of the cursed Brahmin, not a real person directing the play. The question asks: "Who directed the play, 'The Way Across'?" Concept / Approach: To answer, you simply need to distinguish between the director and the performers. The director is responsible for staging and artistic decisions, while actors play roles like Bawari or Pingiya. The passage explicitly names "G. Kumara Swamy" as the director, so you must choose his name and not confuse it with those of the cast. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the opening description: "Directed by G. Kumara Swamy, the play adapted from the book Telangana lo Buddhism..."Step 2: Note that this line clearly attributes the direction of the play to G. Kumara Swamy.Step 3: Remember that Kiran Kumar and Krishna Chaitanya Joshi are mentioned later as actors, not as the director.Step 4: Compare this information with the answer options.Step 5: Select "G. Kumara Swamy" as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Check each option against the passage. Kiran Kumar is linked to the role of Bawari. Krishna Chaitanya Joshi (named here as Chaitanya Joshi) is associated with the role of Pingiya. Bawari is a fictional character within the story. Only G. Kumara Swamy is mentioned in the role of director in the opening line. This confirms that option B is the only correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Kiran Kumar", is wrong because he is an actor playing Bawari, not the director. Option C, "Chaitanya Joshi", is a shortened version of "Krishna Chaitanya Joshi", who is an actor playing Pingiya. Option D, "Bawari", is the cursed Brahmin character in the play, not a person behind the scenes. None of these options match the role described in the question. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes mix up names when several are introduced in a passage, especially if they focus more on the dramatic description than on the initial credits. Another pitfall is to choose the most frequently mentioned or most dramatic name, rather than the one specifically linked to the director's role. To avoid this, pay special attention to phrases like "directed by", "written by" or "played by" which clearly assign functions to different individuals. Final Answer: The correct answer is G. Kumara Swamy, as the passage clearly states that he directed the play "The Way Across".

Question 8

In this English error spotting question, read the sentence "Freedom fighters laboured (1) / to the good of (2) / the poor enslaved masses. (3) / No Error (4)" and identify which part of the sentence contains a grammatical or idiomatic error.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is an English grammar error spotting question. The sentence is divided into parts labelled (1), (2), (3) and (4). You must decide which part, if any, contains an error in usage or idiom. The sentence is: "Freedom fighters laboured (1) / to the good of (2) / the poor enslaved masses. (3) / No Error (4)". Such questions test your familiarity with standard English expressions and preposition usage. Given Data / Assumptions: Part (1): "Freedom fighters laboured" Part (2): "to the good of" Part (3): "the poor enslaved masses." Part (4): "No Error" The intended meaning is that freedom fighters worked hard for the benefit of the poor enslaved masses. Concept / Approach: To solve error spotting questions, look for collocations and prepositions commonly used with certain verbs. The verb "labour" in this sense means "work hard" and is normally followed by "for" when you talk about the cause or goal: "labour for the good of humanity", "labour for justice". The phrase "to the good of" is not idiomatic after "laboured". Instead, the standard expression is "laboured for the good of". Therefore, the error lies in part (2), where the preposition "to" should be replaced with "for". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the entire sentence: "Freedom fighters laboured to the good of the poor enslaved masses."Step 2: Understand the meaning: freedom fighters worked hard so that the poor enslaved masses would benefit.Step 3: Recall the usual pattern "labour for something", for example, "laboured for the freedom of their country".Step 4: Recognise that "to the good of" sounds unnatural and unidiomatic following "laboured".Step 5: Conclude that part (2) contains the error and should read "for the good of" instead of "to the good of". Verification / Alternative check: Replace the incorrect phrase with the correct collocation and read the sentence again: "Freedom fighters laboured for the good of the poor enslaved masses." This version is grammatically correct and idiomatic, and it clearly expresses the intended meaning. The other parts of the sentence ("Freedom fighters laboured", "the poor enslaved masses") are grammatically sound as they stand. Therefore, only part (2) needs correction. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part (1) correctly uses "Freedom fighters laboured", with a plural subject and past tense verb. Part (3) describes "the poor enslaved masses", which is grammatically acceptable as a noun phrase. Part (4), "No Error", is wrong because we have identified a clear error in part (2). Hence, these parts do not require any change, and they cannot be the correct answer to the question. Common Pitfalls: Many students focus too much on the more complicated noun phrase "poor enslaved masses" and suspect it to be wrong, while the real problem is the preposition "to". Another pitfall is overthinking "laboured" and trying to replace it with synonyms like "worked", even though "laboured" is acceptable. Always check verb preposition combinations, as incorrect prepositions are a favourite testing area in competitive exams. Final Answer: The error is in Part (2), because the correct idiomatic expression is "laboured for the good of the poor enslaved masses", not "laboured to the good of".

Question 9

In this English error spotting question, read the sentence "Father was upset (1) / when he found that (2) / you are not there. (3) / No Error (4)" and identify which part of the sentence contains a tense or grammatical error.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is from the English grammar topic of error spotting, specifically tense consistency. The sentence is divided into four parts: "Father was upset (1) / when he found that (2) / you are not there. (3) / No Error (4)". You must identify the part that has a grammatical or tense error. Exams often test whether you can keep verb tenses consistent when describing past events. Given Data / Assumptions: Part (1): "Father was upset" Part (2): "when he found that" Part (3): "you are not there." Part (4): "No Error" The intended meaning is that, at some point in the past, the father was upset when he discovered that you were absent. Concept / Approach: The key idea is sequence of tenses. When the main clause uses a past tense ("Father was upset") and the next clause ("when he found that") also uses a past tense, the clause that follows should usually maintain past tense if it refers to a situation at that same past time. Here, "you are not there" shifts to present tense, which breaks the tense consistency. It should be "you were not there". Therefore, the error is located in part (3), where "are" should be replaced by "were". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Combine parts (1) and (2): "Father was upset when he found that ..." This clearly refers to a past event.Step 2: Examine part (3): "you are not there." The verb "are" is in present tense.Step 3: Notice the mismatch: a present tense clause is being used to describe a situation that existed when he found out in the past.Step 4: Apply the rule of tense consistency: if the main clause and time clause are in past tense, the subordinate clause describing the situation at that time should also use past tense.Step 5: Conclude that part (3) is incorrect and should read "you were not there." Verification / Alternative check: Rewrite the sentence with the corrected tense: "Father was upset when he found that you were not there." This version now has all verbs in the past tense, which clearly indicates that both his feeling and the discovery of your absence happened in the past. The sentence sounds natural and grammatically correct. Parts (1) and (2) are already in correct past tense forms, and there is no need to change them. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part (1), "Father was upset", is fine because it uses a past tense form "was" to indicate a past feeling. Part (2), "when he found that", also correctly uses the past tense "found". Part (4), "No Error", cannot be correct because we have clearly identified an inconsistency. The only real problem is in part (3), where "are" should be changed to "were". Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes overlook tense shifts when the sentence sounds familiar. Another pitfall is to think that direct speech style (for example, "he found that you are not there") is acceptable in all contexts. In reported narrative, however, it is better to keep all parts of a description of a past event in the past tense unless there is a good reason to do otherwise. Always check each verb and ask whether it refers to the same time frame as the main clause. Final Answer: The error is in Part (3), because the verb should be "were" to give "you were not there", maintaining consistent past tense with "was upset" and "found".

Question 10

In this vocabulary based fill in the blank question, select the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: "To ensure a _________ reply, please include all pertinent details in your email."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a vocabulary driven fill in the blank question. You are asked to choose the most appropriate adjective to complete the sentence: "To ensure a _________ reply, please include all pertinent details in your email." Such questions test your understanding of common collocations, that is, natural combinations of words that native speakers frequently use together in everyday and formal communication. Given Data / Assumptions: The base sentence is: "To ensure a _________ reply, please include all pertinent details in your email." The options are: "prompt", "efficient", "tardy", and "strange". The context is email communication and the aim is to get a certain kind of reply. The phrase "please include all pertinent details" suggests that giving complete information will help the reply to be quick and appropriate. Concept / Approach: When reading the sentence, you should recognise the common expression "prompt reply". In English, we often say "Thank you for your prompt reply" to mean a quick, timely response. The verb "ensure" plus the object "reply" fits naturally with "prompt" as an adjective. While "efficient" is also a positive word, it typically describes processes, systems or people's way of working, not the speed of a reply in this particular phrase. "Tardy" means late, and "strange" makes no sense here. Therefore, "prompt" is the best fit. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the intention of the sentence: the writer wants the reply to be of a certain desirable quality.Step 2: Notice the hint "please include all pertinent details", which implies that complete information helps the recipient answer quickly.Step 3: Recall common collocations such as "prompt reply" meaning "quick response".Step 4: Check whether "efficient reply" is equally natural; while possible, it is much less common than "prompt reply" in standard usage.Step 5: Eliminate negative or irrelevant adjectives like "tardy" (late) and "strange" (odd) and choose "prompt" as the most idiomatic and context friendly option. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, insert each option into the sentence. "To ensure a prompt reply, please include all pertinent details in your email" is a sentence that you might see in real professional communication. "To ensure an efficient reply" sounds slightly awkward; we more often talk about an efficient process, system or service rather than an "efficient reply". "Tardy reply" would be a negative expression and does not match the intention of the sentence. "Strange reply" is unrelated to the idea of including details for better service. This comparison confirms that "prompt" is the best choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Efficient" describes the effectiveness and lack of waste in a process, but is not the usual adjective in this fixed phrase. "Tardy" means late or delayed, which is the opposite of what the sender wants to ensure. "Strange" refers to something unusual or odd and has no logical connection to including pertinent details. These options either clash with the positive intention of the sentence or fail to form a natural expression in English. Common Pitfalls: One common mistake is to pick any positive word without considering collocations. Another is to be distracted by the formal tone of "efficient" and think that formal equals correct. In reality, exam setters often target these subtle usage patterns. Whenever you see the word "reply", train yourself to recall common partners like "prompt reply" or "quick reply". This habit will help you answer similar questions quickly and accurately. Final Answer: The correct option is prompt, giving the natural and widely used expression "To ensure a prompt reply, please include all pertinent details in your email."

Question 11

In this vocabulary based fill in the blank question, select the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: "The survey provided the company with a wide __________ of feedback on its products."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a vocabulary fill in the blank question focusing on a common academic and business expression. You are asked to select the best word to complete the sentence: "The survey provided the company with a wide __________ of feedback on its products." This type of question checks whether you are familiar with typical noun phrases that appear in reports, articles and corporate communication. Given Data / Assumptions: The base sentence involves a survey and feedback received by a company. The gap must be filled by a noun that fits after "a wide" and before "of feedback". Options: "spectrum", "option", "choices", "colours". The meaning suggests variety or range in the feedback obtained. Concept / Approach: In English, the expression "a wide spectrum of" is widely used to mean "a broad range of" or "a great variety of". We often talk about "a wide spectrum of opinions", "a wide spectrum of interests" or "a spectrum of feedback". Therefore, "spectrum" is the natural collocation in this academic style sentence. The other words in the options list do not collocate correctly with "wide" and "of feedback" in this context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the sentence meaning: the company received feedback of many different kinds through the survey.Step 2: Recognise that "a wide ______ of" usually signals words like "range", "variety" or "spectrum".Step 3: Examine the options and note that "spectrum" is commonly used with "wide", especially in formal writing.Step 4: Test "a wide spectrum of feedback" and see that it sounds natural and idiomatic.Step 5: Reject options that fail to fit smoothly into the phrase: "a wide option of feedback", "a wide choices of feedback", "a wide colours of feedback" are all ungrammatical or unnatural. Verification / Alternative check: Consider equivalent sentences: "The survey provided the company with a wide range of feedback on its products" and "The survey provided the company with a wide spectrum of feedback on its products." Both are acceptable, and "spectrum" closely parallels "range" in meaning. If you substitute other options, the sentence either becomes incorrect or loses the intended meaning. For example, "a wide option of feedback" is wrong because "option" is usually countable and used differently, and "a wide choices of feedback" is grammatically incorrect because "choices" is plural and needs another structure. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Option" typically refers to a single choice or alternative in expressions like "You have one option" or "various options", but we do not say "a wide option of feedback". "Choices" is plural and would require phrasing like "a wide range of choices", not "a wide choices of feedback". "Colours" is used literally for colours or figuratively for moods or features, but "a wide colours of feedback" is grammatically wrong and semantically odd. None of these form the standard collocation expected in this context. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes ignore the preposition "of" and focus only on words like "wide", which leads them to pick any word that sounds related to variety. Another pitfall is translating directly from a mother tongue expression and picking "options" or "choices" without checking the exact English phrase pattern. To avoid such mistakes, pay attention to fixed phrases like "a wide spectrum of", "a broad range of" and "a variety of" used in formal texts. Final Answer: The correct option is spectrum, giving the well formed expression "The survey provided the company with a wide spectrum of feedback on its products."

Question 12

In this vocabulary question, choose the word which is similar in meaning to the given word "Ravage", often used to describe severe damage or destruction.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a synonym question from English vocabulary. You are asked to choose the word that is closest in meaning to "Ravage". The verb "ravage" is commonly used in descriptions of war, natural disasters or disease when they cause widespread harm. Synonym questions measure how accurately you know shades of meaning and whether you can match a slightly formal or literary word with a more common equivalent. Given Data / Assumptions: The target word is "Ravage". Options: "Surrender", "Construct", "Damage", "Liberate". The context is general and could refer to cities, land, health or resources. You must pick the option that best captures the core idea of ravaging something. Concept / Approach: "Ravage" means to cause severe damage, ruin or destruction to something. For instance, "The storm ravaged the coastline" means the storm badly damaged the coastline. When choosing a synonym, you should look for the option that expresses this idea of serious harm. "Damage" is a straightforward, everyday verb and noun meaning "harm or injury that makes something less useful, less valuable or less effective". It directly matches the core meaning of "ravage". The other options relate to completely different ideas: giving up, building or setting free. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the meaning of "ravage": to devastate, ruin, destroy or severely damage.Step 2: Examine each option and compare its basic meaning with "ravage".Step 3: "Surrender" means to give up or yield, which is not related to causing harm.Step 4: "Construct" means to build or create, which is the opposite of destroying.Step 5: "Damage" means to harm or cause loss of value, which closely matches the essence of ravaging something. Verification / Alternative check: Test the words in a sample sentence. Original: "Floods ravaged the village." Substituting "damage", we get "Floods damaged the village", which still clearly conveys that the village suffered harm. If we try "Floods surrendered the village" or "Floods constructed the village", the meaning is either nonsensical or the opposite. "Floods liberated the village" changes the meaning completely, suggesting freedom rather than destruction. This contrast confirms that "Damage" is the correct synonym in this set. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Surrender" refers to giving in to an opponent or abandoning resistance and does not involve damaging something. "Construct" is about building or putting together parts to form a whole, which is the reverse of destroying or ravaging. "Liberate" means to set free, especially from imprisonment or oppression, and is also unrelated to physical destruction. Therefore these options do not share the key semantic feature of causing harm or ruin. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes students confuse "ravage" with emotionally charged words like "surrender" or "liberate" because they appear frequently in war or political contexts. However, synonym questions demand that you focus on the literal meaning of the word itself, not the typical contexts in which it appears. To prepare for such questions, it is useful to learn common pairs like "ravage destroy", "devastate damage" and "ruin wreck". Final Answer: The correct answer is Damage, as it most closely matches the meaning of "ravage", which is to cause severe harm or destruction.

Question 13

In this vocabulary question, choose the word which is similar in meaning to the given word "Ravish", often used to describe being deeply delighted or enchanted.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This English vocabulary question asks you to select the word closest in meaning to "Ravish". In refined or literary usage, "ravish" can mean to fill someone with intense delight, to enchant or to captivate deeply. Synonym questions like this test whether you understand the positive, emotional sense of the word and can match it with a simpler or more commonly used equivalent. Given Data / Assumptions: The target word is "Ravish". Options are: "Repulse", "Enthrall", "Offend", "Depress". The question is about similarity of meaning, not about negative or archaic senses. You must choose the word that best matches the idea of delighting or captivating someone. Concept / Approach: In the context of admiration, beauty or art, "to ravish" someone means to give them intense pleasure, charm them profoundly or captivate them. A closely related modern word is "enthrall", which means to hold someone's attention completely, as if they are under a spell. Both words suggest being powerfully moved or fascinated. The other options describe negative reactions: being repelled, offended or depressed, all of which contrast with the joy and fascination implied by "ravish". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the positive emotional meaning of "ravish": to delight or enchant someone strongly.Step 2: Examine the meanings of the options. "Enthrall" means to captivate or fascinate deeply.Step 3: Notice that "Repulse" means to drive back or disgust, "Offend" means to insult or hurt feelings, and "Depress" means to make someone sad.Step 4: Compare these meanings and see that only "Enthrall" fits the idea of intense, positive captivation.Step 5: Choose "Enthrall" as the synonym that best matches the given word. Verification / Alternative check: Use a sample sentence for testing: "The music ravished the audience." If we replace "ravished" with "enthralled", we get "The music enthralled the audience", which is a natural sentence meaning the music held their attention and delighted them. If we replace it with "repulsed", it completely reverses the meaning, implying disgust. Using "offended" or "depressed" also creates opposite emotional reactions. This test shows that "Enthrall" is the only option that preserves the positive, captivating sense. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Repulse" means to drive away or strongly disgust, the opposite of attracting or delighting. "Offend" means to insult or upset someone, again a negative response. "Depress" means to make someone feel sad or low in spirit. None of these options carry the idea of giving great joy or holding someone spellbound. They are antonyms or unrelated in emotional tone to "ravish". Common Pitfalls: One pitfall is confusing "ravish" with darker or obsolete senses you may have encountered in literature, and therefore associating it with harm rather than delight. In modern exam usage, however, the focus is on the positive meaning of being deeply thrilled or enchanted. Another mistake is to quickly pick a word that sounds intense, even if its meaning is negative. Always think about the emotional direction of the word: is it positive or negative? Final Answer: The correct answer is Enthrall, because in this context "ravish" means to delight or captivate someone intensely, which is very close to "enthrall".

Question 14

In this antonyms question, choose the word which is opposite in meaning to the given word "Rebate", which usually refers to a partial refund or discount.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question asks you to find the antonym (opposite in meaning) of the word "Rebate". The word "rebate" is commonly used in commerce and taxation to refer to a partial refund, discount or reduction in the amount to be paid. Antonym questions test whether you can not only recognise the meaning of a word but also identify a term that expresses the reverse concept. Given Data / Assumptions: The target word is "Rebate". Options are: "Deduction", "Bonus", "Increase", and "Remission". "Rebate" means a partial return of money or a reduction in price or tax. The correct antonym must express the idea of raising an amount or making it higher instead of lowering it. Concept / Approach: To find an antonym, first clarify the core idea of the original word. A rebate reduces what you have to pay or gives some money back. Opposites of reduction include "increase", "surcharge" or "mark up", any term that involves an upward change. Among the options, "Increase" is the one that directly means making something larger or higher. The other options, "Deduction" and "Remission", are similar to "rebate" rather than opposite, and "Bonus" has a different sense, though still involving extra money. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that "rebate" means a partial refund or discount (a downward adjustment in amount).Step 2: Look for a word that signals an upward adjustment or rise in amount.Step 3: Check each option: "Deduction" means a subtraction; "Bonus" is an extra payment; "Increase" means a rise; "Remission" means cancellation or reduction of a payment or penalty.Step 4: Recognise that both "Deduction" and "Remission" are close in meaning to "rebate" because they also involve reduction.Step 5: Conclude that only "Increase" expresses the opposite idea of raising or enlarging an amount and is therefore the antonym. Verification / Alternative check: Test the words in simple financial sentences. "The government announced a tax rebate" means taxes are partly returned or reduced. The opposite situation would be "The government announced a tax increase", where taxes go up. A "tax deduction" or "remission of penalty" are like rebates, not their opposites. A "bonus" is extra money given, but it is not the opposite of a discount; rather, it is a reward or additional payment. This comparison confirms that "Increase" is the clearest antonym in the list. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Deduction" means subtracting an amount from a total, for example in "tax deduction". This is close to "rebate", not opposite. "Bonus" means an extra payment given as a reward or incentive; it does not reverse a rebate, and it does not directly reflect price or tax going up. "Remission" means cancellation or reduction of a debt, charge or penalty, again similar in effect to a rebate. None of these options describe raising an amount, which is the opposite of reducing it. Common Pitfalls: Students often confuse synonyms and antonyms, especially when several options feel financially positive or negative. Seeing words like "deduction" and "remission", some candidates might think they are complex and therefore correct, without noticing that they share the same direction of meaning as "rebate". To avoid this, always ask yourself: does this option describe more money or less money, higher amount or lower amount, compared to the original word? For "rebate", the opposite must involve an increase, not another kind of reduction. Final Answer: The correct antonym is Increase, because "rebate" refers to reducing or refunding part of a payment, while an "increase" refers to raising the amount to be paid.

Question 15

In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the word that is opposite in meaning (antonym) to the given word. Word: Rebuke (meaning to scold or criticise someone for their actions).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question tests your understanding of antonyms in English. The key word given is rebuke, which is often used in formal and informal communication to describe the act of scolding or sharply criticising someone for their behaviour or mistake. To answer correctly, you must know what rebuke means and then select the word that expresses the opposite idea, not a similar one. Given Data / Assumptions: • Target word: rebuke. • Rebuke is generally negative in tone and refers to criticism or scolding. • You are asked to choose the opposite in meaning, i.e., the antonym. • Options given are: admonition, censure, scold, and flattery. • Only one option should clearly express the opposite meaning of rebuke. Concept / Approach: The word rebuke means to criticise sharply, to reprimand, or to speak to someone in a disapproving way because of what they have done. Therefore, its antonym must express the idea of praising, complimenting, or speaking approvingly. When analysing options, you should first identify which words are close in meaning to rebuke and which word is clearly different or opposite. Words like admonition, censure, and scold all belong to the semantic field of criticism, while flattery involves praise and excessive compliments. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the meaning of rebuke: to criticise or scold someone for doing something wrong. Step 2: Look at option a, admonition. Admonition means a warning or mild scolding, which is similar to rebuke, not opposite. Step 3: Examine option b, censure. Censure means strong disapproval or harsh criticism, again very close in meaning to rebuke. Step 4: Examine option c, scold. To scold someone is to rebuke them verbally, so this is almost a direct synonym. Step 5: Examine option d, flattery. Flattery means excessive or insincere praise, usually to gain favour. This is the opposite of rebuke, because instead of criticising, you are praising. Step 6: Conclude that flattery is the only option that clearly expresses the opposite idea to rebuke. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, imagine a situation: A teacher rebukes a student for being late means the teacher criticises the student. In contrast, A teacher flatters a student means the teacher praises the student, perhaps excessively. The emotional direction of the words is oppositional: rebuke is negative, while flattery is positive. None of the other options change the direction from criticism to praise, so they cannot be antonyms. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Admonition is a gentle or serious warning and is still a type of criticism, so it is a near synonym, not an antonym. Censure is even stronger disapproval, making it also a synonym. Scold is almost identical to rebuke in everyday use, as both refer to speaking angrily or critically to someone. Since the question asks specifically for the opposite in meaning, all three of these must be rejected. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake in antonym questions is to pick a familiar word rather than analysing meaning carefully. Another error is confusing degree with direction: students may pick censure thinking it is too strong and therefore opposite, but it is actually just a stronger form of criticism. Always look for a word that reverses the basic emotional or conceptual direction of the given word. For rebuke, that reversal is from criticism to praise, which leads directly to flattery. Final Answer: The word opposite in meaning to Rebuke is Flattery.

Question 16

In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the option that best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase Achilles' heel, which is often used to describe a particular type of weakness.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This idiom based question tests your knowledge of classical references in English. The phrase Achilles' heel comes from Greek mythology. Achilles was a mighty warrior who was invulnerable except for one spot on his body, his heel. In modern English, this story is used metaphorically to describe a critical weakness in a person, system, or organisation, even when everything else appears strong or impressive. Understanding such idioms is important for reading articles, essays, and competitive exam passages. Given Data / Assumptions: • Idiom: Achilles' heel. • The context of use is usually when someone or something is strong in many ways. • There is, however, one specific weak point that can cause serious trouble. • Options describe different ideas such as weakness, secret weapon, hidden deed, or scapegoat. Concept / Approach: An idiom does not mean exactly what its individual words suggest. Achilles' heel is a fixed expression that means a vulnerable point or fatal flaw in an otherwise strong character or structure. The key words to look for in the options are weakness and overall strength. Option a directly mentions a fatal weakness in spite of overall strength, matching the mythological story and modern usage. The other options present different concepts: secret weapon, past deed, and scapegoat, which are unrelated to the idea of vulnerability. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the myth: Achilles was a great warrior protected from harm except for his heel, which ultimately led to his death. Step 2: Translate the myth into modern usage: Achilles' heel now means a critical weak point that can cause failure. Step 3: Examine option a: A fatal weakness in spite of overall strength. This matches the derived meaning exactly. Step 4: Examine option b: A secret weapon to be used as a last resort. This is about strength and strategy, not weakness. Step 5: Examine option c: A past deed which one is trying to hide. This is more about guilt or secrecy than about vulnerability. Step 6: Examine option d: The person who is blamed if anything goes wrong, which is closer to the idiom scapegoat, not Achilles' heel. Step 7: Conclude that only option a correctly captures the meaning of the idiom. Verification / Alternative check: Check the idiom in example sentences: Poor time management is his Achilles' heel or The outdated software is the company's Achilles' heel. In both cases, the phrase refers to a serious weakness that may cause failure. If you substitute option a into the sentence, the meaning remains intact: Poor time management is his fatal weakness despite his overall strength in other areas. None of the other options can be inserted naturally without changing the idea completely. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option b, a secret weapon to be used as a last resort, is about strategic advantage, the opposite of weakness. Option c, a past deed which one is trying to hide, relates to secrecy and shame, not structural weakness. Option d, the person who is blamed if anything goes wrong, defines a scapegoat, which is someone blamed for problems, not the problem itself. Thus, they do not match the idiom Achilles' heel. Common Pitfalls: Some learners confuse Achilles' heel with other idioms like trump card (secret weapon) or skeleton in the cupboard (hidden shame). This happens if the student identifies only a vague idea of a problem or secret without focusing on the specific nuance of weakness. To avoid this, always recall the myth or a clear mental image: a powerful hero defeated by one small vulnerable point. That image leads directly to the correct meaning of a fatal weakness in spite of overall strength. Final Answer: The idiom Achilles' heel means a fatal weakness in spite of overall strength.

Question 17

In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the option that best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase Beat around the bush as used in everyday English communication.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The idiom beat around the bush is commonly used in conversations, interviews, and written texts. It describes a style of communication where someone avoids speaking directly about the main topic, often because it is uncomfortable, sensitive, or difficult. Instead of addressing the central issue, the person speaks indirectly or talks about related minor points. This question checks your ability to recognise that indirect style of speaking from the given options. Given Data / Assumptions: • Idiom: Beat around the bush. • Context: Used when someone is expected to address a main point but does not do so. • The options describe talking indirectly, gossiping, having fun, or ignoring hardships. • Only one option should match the idiom's standard meaning. Concept / Approach: The phrase beat around the bush comes from hunting imagery, where someone beats bushes to make animals come out instead of going directly to the point. In language, it refers to avoiding the direct subject and speaking in a roundabout way. Option a states this clearly: treating a topic but omitting its main points, often intentionally. The other options describe gossip, enjoyment, or life philosophy, none of which match the idea of indirectness in communication. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that beat around the bush means to avoid getting to the main point. Step 2: Examine option a: To treat a topic but omit its main points, often intentionally. This matches the idea of avoiding the core issue. Step 3: Examine option b: Talk badly about a person in their absence, which describes gossip or backbiting, not indirect speech about a topic. Step 4: Examine option c: Spend a fun jovial time, which is closer to the idiom have a blast or enjoy oneself. Step 5: Examine option d: It is wise to ignore hardships and continue with your task, which describes persistence and has no link to indirect talking. Step 6: Conclude that option a is the only one that aligns with the idiom's meaning. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a real life example: If a manager asks an employee why the project is late and the employee talks about the weather, office conditions, and general problems without mentioning actual reasons, the manager might say, Stop beating around the bush and come to the point. If you replace the idiom with option a, the sentence still makes sense: Stop treating the topic but omitting its main points. The other options do not fit this context at all. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option b is wrong because it describes speaking ill of someone, which is a different behaviour altogether. Option c is wrong because the idiom does not refer to enjoyment or celebration. Option d is wrong because it describes an attitude of perseverance rather than a way of speaking. None of these reflect the central notion of avoiding the main subject during a conversation. Common Pitfalls: Some learners mix up idioms that involve the word bush or beat, or they guess based on partial familiarity. Another pitfall is assuming that any negative sounding option might be correct without carefully connecting it to the idea of indirect communication. To master idioms, it is helpful to learn them with example sentences and to mentally visualise the situation where the idiom is used. For beat around the bush, always think of someone talking a lot but never answering the real question. Final Answer: The idiom Beat around the bush means to treat a topic but omit its main points, often intentionally, instead of speaking directly.

Question 18

In the following question, choose the alternative that best improves the bracketed part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select “no improvement”. Sentence: As long as we are in this historical city, let us spend our time (doing sig…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence improvement question tests your understanding of correct verb patterns in English, especially after the verb spend when it refers to time. The sentence describes how people should use their time while they are in a historical city. The phrase doing sightseeing sounds awkward and is not the most natural expression in standard English. You need to select the option that gives the sentence a smooth and grammatically correct structure. Given Data / Assumptions: • Original sentence: As long as we are in this historical city, let us spend our time (doing sightseeing). • We focus on the phrase after spend our time. • Options: to sightsee, sightsee, sightseeing, no improvement. • We assume the intended meaning is to use our time by visiting places of interest. Concept / Approach: In English, after spend (time), the most natural construction is spend time doing something or spend time on something. However, with the noun sightseeing, the common phrase becomes spend time sightseeing. The gerund sightseeing acts like a noun here. The phrase doing sightseeing is grammatically possible but clumsy and not idiomatic. Therefore, the bracketed part should be replaced with sightseeing so that the sentence reads: let us spend our time sightseeing. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the key structure: spend our time + activity. Step 2: Recall common collocations: spend time reading, spend time studying, spend time sightseeing. Step 3: Examine option c, sightseeing, and substitute it into the sentence: let us spend our time sightseeing. This sounds natural and correct. Step 4: Examine option a, to sightsee. The phrase spend our time to sightsee is unusual; infinitives are not commonly used after spend time in this way. Step 5: Examine option b, sightsee. The form spend our time sightsee is grammatically wrong because sightsee is the base verb and needs to be in the -ing form after spend. Step 6: Examine option d, no improvement, and notice that doing sightseeing is wordy and not standard usage. Step 7: Conclude that sightseeing is the best replacement. Verification / Alternative check: Compare with similar structures: Let us spend our time shopping, Let us spend our time exploring museums, and Let us spend our time sightseeing. All of these use the -ing form as a noun-like activity. The version with doing sightseeing is rarely used by native speakers and sounds learner-like. Grammar references also show spend time -ing as a standard pattern, confirming that sightseeing fits correctly after spend our time. Why Other Options Are Wrong: To sightsee (option a) is not the usual complement of spend time; while infinitives are common after some verbs, spend time to sightsee is not idiomatic. Sightsee (option b) must change to sightseeing to follow spend time correctly. No improvement (option d) is incorrect because the current phrase is clumsy and not the best form taught for exams. Since a better and more idiomatic alternative is given, we should not choose no improvement. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes accept any grammatically possible phrase and overlook natural usage. Others may be misled by the verb sightsee and think that to sightsee sounds formal or correct. In sentence improvement questions, you must look for the most idiomatic and concise option, especially when dealing with common collocations like spend time sightseeing. Remember that spend time + -ing is a reliable pattern for many similar questions. Final Answer: The correct improvement is: As long as we are in this historical city, let us spend our time sightseeing.

Question 19

In the following question, choose the alternative that best improves the bracketed part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select “no improvement”. Sentence: He proposed (meets) me at the temple.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence improvement question tests your knowledge of verb patterns after the verb propose. In English, some verbs are followed by a gerund (-ing form), others by an infinitive (to + base verb), and some by specific prepositional phrases. The original sentence uses meets, which is incorrect in this structure. You must identify the correct form that naturally follows proposed in this context. Given Data / Assumptions: • Original sentence: He proposed (meets) me at the temple. • The intended meaning: He suggested that they should meet at the temple. • Options: for meeting, to meet, meeting with, no improvement. • We assume a neutral, standard English context (not romantic proposal, but suggesting a plan). Concept / Approach: When propose is used to suggest a plan of action, the usual pattern is propose to do something or propose doing something. In this sentence, we need a simple and clear pattern: He proposed to meet me at the temple. The form meets is wrong because propose is not followed by a finite clause here; we need an infinitive verb phrase. Among the given options, to meet is the correct infinitive form and gives a smooth sentence structure suitable for exams. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that meets cannot directly follow proposed in this construction; the verb form is incorrect. Step 2: Recall that propose + to + base verb is a common structure, for example, He proposed to start early. Step 3: Substitute option b, to meet, into the sentence: He proposed to meet me at the temple. This is grammatically correct and natural. Step 4: Check option a, for meeting. He proposed for meeting me at the temple is awkward and not standard usage with propose in this sense. Step 5: Check option c, meeting with. He proposed meeting with me at the temple is close to acceptable English, but the addition of with is unnecessary and somewhat clumsy here. Step 6: Check option d, no improvement, which cannot be correct because meets is clearly wrong after proposed. Step 7: Conclude that to meet is the best and most grammatically correct improvement. Verification / Alternative check: Consider similar examples: He proposed to go to the cinema; She proposed to have dinner together; They proposed to discuss the issue later. In all such sentences, propose is followed by to + base verb. If you try replacing to meet with for meeting in these examples, the sentences become awkward. Therefore, He proposed to meet me at the temple follows the correct and commonly used pattern. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option a, for meeting, creates a prepositional phrase that does not fit well after proposed; we do not typically say proposed for meeting in this sense. Option c, meeting with, is closer because propose meeting someone is possible, but propose meeting with me at the temple is less concise than propose to meet me at the temple and introduces an extra preposition. Option d, no improvement, is wrong because the present tense meets cannot directly follow proposed in this structure; the grammar is clearly faulty. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may be attracted to meeting with because they have seen phrases like a meeting with the manager and assume it is always correct. Others may ignore the need for an infinitive after propose to express a plan of action. To avoid such errors, remember that many exam questions around propose test the pattern propose to do something. Recognising these patterns quickly will greatly improve accuracy in sentence improvement items. Final Answer: The correct improvement is: He proposed to meet me at the temple.

Question 20

In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which is the best one word substitute for the given phrase: Irritating inconvenience.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: One word substitution questions measure your ability to match concise vocabulary items with longer descriptive phrases. The phrase given here is irritating inconvenience, which refers to something that causes minor trouble, annoyance, or extra effort. It may not be a disaster, but it is bothersome and frustrating. Your task is to choose the word that best captures this idea in a single term. Given Data / Assumptions: • Phrase: Irritating inconvenience. • The sense is of something annoying and troublesome, often involving unnecessary difficulty. • Options: tranquillity, hassle, harmony, rectitude. • Only one option is both semantically close and commonly used for such minor troubles. Concept / Approach: In modern English, the informal noun hassle is widely used to describe a situation or task that is annoying, inconvenient, or involves too much trouble. For example, standing in long queues can be a hassle. The word tranquillity means calmness and peace, which is the opposite of irritation. Harmony refers to agreement and pleasant arrangement, not inconvenience. Rectitude refers to moral correctness. Thus, hassle is the only word matching the meaning of an irritating inconvenience. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Interpret irritating inconvenience as something that causes unnecessary trouble or annoyance. Step 2: Check the meaning of hassle: a situation that causes a lot of trouble, annoyance, or extra effort. Step 3: Compare this with tranquillity, which refers to a peaceful, calm state and is almost the opposite of irritation. Step 4: Consider harmony, which means pleasant agreement or coordination, again not related to inconvenience. Step 5: Review rectitude, which means moral uprightness or correctness, having nothing to do with irritation or inconvenience. Step 6: Conclude that hassle is the correct one word substitute. Verification / Alternative check: Use the options in sample sentences. Saying The new registration process is an irritating inconvenience and The new registration process is a hassle both convey the same practical meaning. If you try to substitute tranquillity, harmony, or rectitude, the sentence becomes meaningless or contradictory: The new registration process is tranquillity does not make sense. This confirms that hassle fits the phrase and the others do not. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Tranquillity is wrong because it describes peacefulness, which is the absence of irritation. Harmony is wrong because it represents smooth cooperation or musical agreement, not inconvenience. Rectitude is wrong because it refers to moral correctness or righteousness, not to practical annoyance or difficulty. None of these conveys the idea of a small but annoying problem, which hassle does perfectly. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes overlook informal but widely accepted words like hassle, believing that more formal sounding options must be correct. However, modern exam questions often include such common conversational terms. Always focus on meaning rather than formality. If you associate hassle with minor but annoying trouble and think of examples from daily life, you will easily remember it as a synonym for irritating inconvenience. Final Answer: The best one word substitute for Irritating inconvenience is Hassle.

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