Question 1

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the phrase "situated at the base", referring to something located at or forming the bottom part of a structure or organ.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question assesses your understanding of a technical descriptive adjective often encountered in biology, anatomy, and other sciences. The phrase "situated at the base" is frequently used in textbooks to describe the location of a part or feature. English offers a precise word for this positional description, and recognising it can be very helpful when reading scientific material or answering objective questions that use such terminology. Given Data / Assumptions: We are dealing with the phrase "situated at the base". We must choose the single adjective that means located at or forming the base. We assume the question refers to standard scientific English usage. Concept / Approach: The word "basal" comes from "base" and is used to mean "relating to or forming the base; situated at the base". It is common in expressions such as "basal cell", "basal ganglia", or "basal layer". It directly answers the phrase given in the question. The other options either have different specialised meanings or are not standard English words in this sense. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the phrase describes a position, not a person or action. Step 2: Note the key word "base" and recall related adjectives like "basal". Step 3: Check each option's meaning; only "basal" is derived from "base". Step 4: Confirm that dictionaries define "basal" as "forming or situated at the base". Step 5: Select Option D as the correct one-word substitution. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, imagine a biology description: "The basal part of the leaf attaches to the stem." Here, "basal" clearly indicates the part at the bottom or base. If you substituted "dorsal", "tussal", or "versal" here, the sentence would not make sense or would be incorrect. This confirms that "basal" is the only option that accurately represents the phrase in the question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Dorsal", means relating to the back or upper side of an animal or organ, as in "dorsal fin", not the base. Option B, "Tussal", is not a recognised standard English adjective with the required meaning and appears incorrect in this context. Option C, "Versal", likewise does not represent the idea of being at the base and is not the accepted term in scientific or general English. None of these words is used to mean "situated at the base". Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes mix up positional adjectives like "basal", "dorsal", "ventral", and "lateral" because they encounter them mainly in biology diagrams without fully learning their definitions. Another pitfall is guessing based on sound, picking a word that "feels" right instead of recalling the root. A good strategy is to connect "basal" firmly with "base" in your memory and to revise common positional terms together so that their differences become clear. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Basal".

Question 2

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the phrase "a girl with brown hair", commonly used to describe a young woman whose hair colour is brown.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines your familiarity with a common descriptive term for hair colour in English. In everyday language, especially in fashion, literature, and media, specific words describe people by the colour of their hair. Knowing such terms helps in understanding character descriptions and advertisements and is frequently tested in vocabulary sections of competitive exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The phrase is "a girl with brown hair". We must find the single word that refers to such a girl or woman. We assume standard modern English usage. Concept / Approach: The word "brunette" specifically describes a female with brown hair. While the term can sometimes be used more broadly, its primary and traditional usage is for a woman or girl whose hair is brown. The other options either describe a girl in a general sense or refer to a young woman without specifying hair colour, so they do not meet the exact requirement of the stem. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the key idea in the phrase is the hair colour, not just age or gender. Step 2: Recall that "brunette" is widely used to describe a brown-haired girl or woman. Step 3: Compare this meaning with each option. Step 4: Note that only "brunette" directly encodes both the femininity and the brown hair colour. Step 5: Choose Option C as the correct one-word substitution. Verification / Alternative check: Think of common phrases such as "a tall brunette" or "the model is a brunette with long hair". In these examples, "brunette" is clearly referring to a woman with brown hair. If you replaced it with "damsel", "lassie", or "mademoiselle", the information about hair colour would disappear. This confirms that only "brunette" preserves the central idea of the stem phrase. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Damsel", simply means a young unmarried woman or girl, often used in the phrase "damsel in distress"; it does not specify hair colour. Option B, "Lassie", is an informal or dialect word for a young girl, particularly in Scottish English, again without any reference to hair colour. Option D, "Mademoiselle", is French for "Miss", used as a polite form of address, and is completely unrelated to hair colour. None of these options incorporates the idea of brown hair. Common Pitfalls: A typical mistake is choosing a word that means "girl" in general, because candidates overlook the crucial detail of hair colour. Another pitfall is being distracted by foreign-looking words like "mademoiselle" and assuming that sophistication equals correctness. When tackling one-word substitution questions, always identify the core concept that must be preserved and ensure the chosen word includes that idea, not just peripheral details like age or gender. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Brunette".

Question 3

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the phrase "mountain climbing", referring to the sport or activity of climbing high mountains.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your awareness of a specialised term for a physical outdoor activity. Mountain climbing, especially in high and challenging ranges, is a recognised sport and adventure field with its own vocabulary. English uses a specific word that historically refers to climbing in the Alps but now more broadly denotes the sport of high-altitude mountain climbing. Given Data / Assumptions: The phrase given is "mountain climbing". We must choose the correct one-word term for this activity. We assume a general context of geography, adventure, or sports. Concept / Approach: The word "alpinism" derives from "Alps", the famous European mountain range, and originally referred to climbing in those mountains. Over time, it has come to mean the sport or art of climbing high mountains in general. The other options describe completely different concepts and are easy to rule out once you focus on the meaning of the stem and the root "Alp" in "alpinism". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the question is asking for the name of an activity, not a medical or mathematical term. Step 2: Notice the root "Alp" in "alpinism", which suggests a link with mountains. Step 3: Recall that "alpinism" means mountain climbing as a sport. Step 4: Confirm that the other options have no connection to mountains or climbing. Step 5: Select Option B as the correct one-word substitution. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by thinking of phrases like "the history of alpinism" or "modern alpinism equipment", which are clearly about mountain climbing. If you tried to replace "alpinism" there with "albinism", "alienisms", or "algorism", the meaning would become nonsensical. This confirms that "alpinism" is the only option that fits the phrase "mountain climbing". Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Alienisms", refers to foreign expressions or customs, not physical activities. Option C, "Albinism", is a genetic condition characterised by lack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes. Option D, "Algorism", relates to arithmetic and calculation methods, especially using Arabic numerals. None of these terms has anything to do with climbing mountains, so they cannot substitute the phrase in the question. Common Pitfalls: Because several options look similar and start with "Al-", candidates may guess without carefully analysing roots and meanings. Confusing "alpinism" with "albinism" is particularly common due to visual similarity. The best strategy is to look for familiar roots: "Alps" leads to mountains, while "alb" relates to "white". Building a habit of connecting words to their origins will help prevent errors in such vocabulary questions. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Alpinism".

Question 4

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the idea "combustibles – flammable", that is, something capable of catching fire and burning easily.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of a descriptive adjective used for fire-related situations. The phrase "combustibles – flammable" indicates materials that can catch fire and burn readily. Many technical and safety documents use specific adjectives to warn about the fire risk of substances, and recognising such words is important in science, engineering, and general awareness contexts. Given Data / Assumptions: The phrase indicates that we are talking about things that can burn easily. We must select the adjective that describes such flammable or burning material. We assume standard English meanings and no special grammatical trick. Concept / Approach: The adjective "conflagrant" relates to being on fire or in a state of burning. It is connected to "conflagration", which means a large, destructive fire. Since combustibles are materials that burn and flammable means easily ignited, "conflagrant" best matches this idea. The other options describe grammatical cases, processes of clustering, or calming effects and therefore do not correspond to burning. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the central idea: capacity to catch fire and burn. Step 2: Recall that "conflagrant" and "conflagration" are associated with fire. Step 3: Check if any other option is related to fire; none are. Step 4: Match "conflagrant" with the concept of combustibles and flammability. Step 5: Choose Option B as the correct one-word substitution. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, think of phrases such as "a conflagrant mass of debris" or "conflagrant material", which signal things that are burning or easily capable of burning. These align well with the idea of combustibles. If you tried inserting "allative" or "calmative" instead, the result would not make sense in any sentence about fire risk or burning substances, confirming that "conflagrant" is the only viable option. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Allative", is a term in grammar describing motion toward something; it has nothing to do with combustion. Option C, "Agglomerative", refers to clustering or sticking together, as in particles forming a mass, but does not inherently involve fire. Option D, "Calmative", describes something that calms or soothes, often used with medicine, which is the opposite of the destructive energy suggested by combustibles. Therefore, none of these correctly expresses "combustibles – flammable". Common Pitfalls: Because the options all sound technical, many students attempt to guess rather than recall meanings. Some may be tempted by "agglomerative" because combustibles can clump together, but the phrase in the stem clearly emphasises burning, not clustering. To avoid such mistakes, focus on the core concept first, then check which option is genuinely connected to that concept. Building a mental map connecting "conflagrant" with "conflagration" and "fire" is a helpful memory aid. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Conflagrant".

Question 5

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the phrase "a science of race, culture and human development", which studies how hereditary factors may influence the future qualities of a population.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines your awareness of a controversial but historically important concept in social and biological thought. The phrase "a science of race, culture and human development" points towards a field that studies how inherited traits and selective breeding might influence the future of human populations. While modern science strongly critiques and limits this concept, the term remains relevant in history, ethics, and sociology discussions and is often tested in exams for vocabulary and general awareness. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given a description involving race, culture, and human development. We must choose the one-word term historically associated with such ideas. We assume the question refers to the classical, not modern, evaluation of the concept. Concept / Approach: The word "eugenics" refers to the study or belief in improving the genetic quality of the human race, often through selective breeding or other measures. It has been associated with attempts to classify races and guide human development based on hereditary characteristics. Because of its misuse, it is now considered ethically problematic, but the vocabulary term is still important to know. The remaining options have no connection with race or human development as a science. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the phrase is pointing to a supposed scientific study of human heredity and development. Step 2: Recall that "eugenics" historically claimed to improve human populations by controlling reproduction. Step 3: Check the options and see that only "eugenics" fits this description. Step 4: Confirm that the other options refer to unrelated activities or objects. Step 5: Choose Option B as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, think of phrases such as "the eugenics movement" or "laws influenced by eugenics". These always involve ideas about hereditary improvement of humans, often linked with race and population control. If you tried replacing "eugenics" with "tannery" or "volley", the sentences would lose all meaning. This clearly confirms that "eugenics" is the intended term for the phrase in the question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Tannery", is a place where animal hides are processed into leather; it is an industrial term. Option C, "Volley", refers to a burst or sequence of things (like bullets, questions, or shots) that are discharged together, or to a particular way of hitting a ball in games. Option D, "Treak", is not a recognised standard word matching the phrase and appears incorrect in this context. None of these terms describes a scientific study of race, culture, and human development. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may hesitate to choose "eugenics" because they associate it with negative historical events and assume such a word cannot be the answer. However, vocabulary questions often refer to terms that are politically or ethically sensitive, precisely because educated readers must know them. The key is to focus on the definition given in the stem, not on whether you personally agree with the idea. Learning words like "eugenics" helps you better understand discussions of history and social policy. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Eugenics".

Question 6

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the phrase "medicine that causes vomiting", referring to a drug given deliberately to induce vomiting.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests a basic medical-related term that often appears in science texts, first aid manuals, and general knowledge sections. The phrase "medicine that causes vomiting" is asking for the technical term used when a drug is administered specifically to make a patient vomit, usually to remove ingested toxins or harmful substances from the stomach under controlled circumstances. Given Data / Assumptions: The phrase clearly indicates a type of medicine and its effect. We must select the single word that names a substance that induces vomiting. We assume standard medical and general English usage. Concept / Approach: The word "emetic" is used in medicine to describe both the drug and its effect: it is a substance that causes vomiting. We also see this root in "antiemetic", which is a drug that prevents vomiting. Understanding such roots helps in decoding many medical terms. The other options refer to unrelated objects or ideas and therefore cannot serve as the required substitution. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the key idea: a medicine whose primary action is to induce vomiting. Step 2: Recall that "emetic" is defined as a substance that causes vomiting. Step 3: Compare all options and identify which one is associated with medicine and this particular effect. Step 4: Confirm that only "emetic" matches the phrase accurately. Step 5: Choose Option D as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Imagine a sentence from a medical guide: "The doctor administered an emetic to expel the poison." Here, "emetic" obviously refers to a drug causing vomiting. If you replaced "emetic" with "valise" or "satire", the sentence would become absurd. This simple context test confirms that "emetic" is the correct one-word substitution for the phrase given in the stem. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Valise", is a small suitcase used for travel. Option B, "Satire", is a literary style that uses humour, irony, or exaggeration to criticise people or society. Option C, "Pyre", is a pile of wood or other material used to burn a dead body as part of a funeral ceremony. None of these has any medical meaning or connection to vomiting. Therefore, they cannot substitute a phrase about a medicine that causes vomiting. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is not to pay attention to the medical tone of the phrase and to guess based on sound alone. Some candidates might confuse "emetic" with "emetic" being unfamiliar, or mix it up with "emotional". To improve accuracy, it is useful to learn basic medical roots like "eme" (vomiting), as in "emesis" and "antiemetic". Recognising these patterns will make many seemingly difficult terms much easier to decode in competitive exams. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Emetic".

Question 7

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the phrase "evening prayer in church", referring to a Christian service or set of prayers held in the evening.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your familiarity with a term used in Christian liturgical practice and in literature. Many classic novels and historical texts refer to different services during the day, and knowing the specific names of these services can be helpful in understanding context. The phrase in the stem asks for the name of the evening prayer service in a church setting. Given Data / Assumptions: The phrase is "evening prayer in church". We must select the one-word term for that religious service. We assume standard Christian liturgical vocabulary in English. Concept / Approach: The correct term is "vespers". In many Christian traditions, vespers is the service of evening prayer, typically held around sunset or early evening. It forms part of the daily cycle of canonical hours, which also includes services like matins and lauds. The other options refer to unrelated objects or types of dance, so they clearly do not fit the religious context of the question. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the phrase is about a religious ceremony, not an object or dance. Step 2: Recall that "vespers" denotes the evening prayer service in many churches. Step 3: Check each option: "sheath" is a cover, "jig" and "waltz" are dances, leaving "vespers" as the only suitable term. Step 4: Match the meaning of "vespers" with "evening prayer in church". Step 5: Choose Option D as the correct one-word substitution. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, consider a sentence such as "The bells rang out for vespers" or "The monks gathered for vespers at dusk". In each case, "vespers" clearly refers to an evening church service. Replacing "vespers" with "waltz" or "sheath" would destroy the intended meaning. This confirms that "vespers" is the only option that fits the phrase provided in the question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Sheath", is a cover for a blade, tool, or cable, and has no religious connotation. Option B, "Jig", is a lively dance, often associated with folk traditions. Option C, "Waltz", is a ballroom dance in triple time. Since the stem clearly speaks of prayer in a church, not dancing or tool covers, these options are irrelevant and incorrect here. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may be unfamiliar with church-related vocabulary and might guess randomly among the options. Others might be tempted by the musical sound of "waltz" or "jig" without noticing the religious context. To avoid such mistakes, always pay attention to domain clues in the stem: words like "prayer", "church", "service", or "mass" signal that the answer should belong to religious terminology rather than everyday objects or dances. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Vespers".

Question 8

In the following spelling question, four English words are given; choose the one that is incorrectly spelt and therefore needs correction in standard usage.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on spelling accuracy, a key component of language competence tested in many competitive exams. Candidates are often asked to identify which one among several given words is wrongly spelt according to standard English. Such questions not only test memory but also reward careful reading and familiarity with commonly used formal words in newspapers and academic texts. Given Data / Assumptions: Four words are provided: "Coalescence", "Complaisance", "Concomittant", and "Commissariat". We must identify which word is spelt incorrectly. We assume British or standard international spelling norms. Concept / Approach: The key to these questions is to recall or check the correct spelling of each word. "Coalescence" (coming together or merging) is correctly spelt. "Complaisance" (willingness to please) is also correctly spelt. "Commissariat" (a department responsible for food, supplies, or logistics) is correct as well. The word that stands out is "Concomittant", which has an extra "t". The correct spelling is "concomitant", with a single "t" in the middle. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine each word slowly rather than skimming quickly. Step 2: Recall that "coalesce" leads to the noun "coalescence", which is correctly formed. Step 3: Remember that "complaisant" gives "complaisance", which matches Option B. Step 4: Recognise "concomitant" as the correct spelling, making "Concomittant" incorrect. Step 5: Verify that "Commissariat" is correctly spelt, leaving Option C as the wrong one. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can mentally break down "concomittant": the double "tt" after "mi" looks suspicious when compared with related forms such as "concomitant effect" or "concomitant circumstances", which you may have seen in reading. Consulting a dictionary would show "concomitant" as the only correct form. Since the other three words match standard spellings, we can confidently mark "Concomittant" as the incorrect spelling. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Coalescence", correctly represents the process of coming together or uniting. Option B, "Complaisance", is the correct noun for a disposition to please others or be courteous. Option D, "Commissariat", correctly refers to a department responsible for providing food and supplies, particularly in an army or government. None of these words contains an extra or missing letter that would make the spelling wrong. Only Option C has the incorrect double "tt". Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes overthink such questions and assume that the least familiar word must be wrong. Others are tempted by double consonants in "commissariat" because the spelling looks complex. A good strategy is to mentally pronounce each syllable and compare it with prior reading. Building a personal list of frequently misspelt words, including "concomitant", will help reduce guessing and strengthen your spelling accuracy in the long run. Final Answer: The correctly identified incorrectly spelt word is "Concomittant".

Question 9

In the following spelling question, four English words are given; choose the one that is incorrectly spelt and therefore not acceptable in standard written English.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question again tests spelling, an area where many candidates lose easy marks. The ability to recognise standard spellings of frequently used formal words reflects careful reading habits and attention to detail. Exams often include one incorrectly spelt word among several correct ones, and your task is to spot the odd one out by relying on your familiarity with correct forms. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given four words: "Abhorrent", "Abstinent", "Achievement", and "Accruemant". We must identify which one is wrongly spelt. We assume standard English spelling as used in academic and professional contexts. Concept / Approach: The words "abhorrent" (disgusting or loathsome), "abstinent" (refraining from indulgence), and "achievement" (accomplishment) are all correctly spelt. The problem lies with "Accruemant". The correct noun form from the verb "accrue" is "accruement" or more commonly "accrual". The spelling "Accruemant" is incorrect because of the ending "-mant" instead of "-ment". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read each word carefully, focusing on common suffixes such as "-ment" and "-ent". Step 2: Recognise that "abhorrent", "abstinent", and "achievement" are familiar and correctly formed from their roots. Step 3: Look at "Accruemant" and notice that the usual pattern would be "accruement" if that form is used at all. Step 4: Confirm that the unusual ending "-mant" signals a spelling error. Step 5: Select Option D as the incorrectly spelt word. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by recalling that many nouns formed from verbs end in "-ment": "achievement", "development", "improvement", and so on. Following this pattern, "accrue" would form "accruement". The given word "Accruemant" does not follow this rule and is not found in standard dictionaries. Meanwhile, "abhorrent", "abstinent", and "achievement" appear frequently in formal writing with exactly those spellings, confirming that Option D alone is wrong. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Abhorrent", is correctly spelled and means causing disgust or hatred. Option B, "Abstinent", correctly refers to someone who refrains from indulgence, especially in food or drink. Option C, "Achievement", is the standard spelling for a thing done successfully, typically by effort, courage, or skill. Since they are all correctly spelt, they cannot be selected as the erroneous word. Only Option D violates the usual spelling rules and accepted usage. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may doubt "abhorrent" or "abstinent" because these words are less common in everyday conversation. Others may skim quickly and not notice the subtle change from "-ment" to "-mant" in "Accruemant". The safest approach is to break words into root and suffix and compare them with known patterns. Regular reading of editorials and standard texts reinforces correct spellings and makes such questions much easier to handle. Final Answer: The correctly identified incorrectly spelt word is "Accruemant".

Question 10

In the following sentence completion question, choose the most appropriate word to fill the blank so that the sentence reads: "Galileo was the first scientist to recognize clearly that the only way to further our understanding of the physical world …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence completion question tests both vocabulary and collocation, that is, which words naturally go together in English. The sentence speaks about Galileo and the method of understanding the physical world. Historically and scientifically, Galileo is associated with observation and experiment, so the missing verb must fit both logically and idiomatically with "to experiment". Given Data / Assumptions: The incomplete sentence is: "Galileo was the first scientist to recognize clearly that the only way to further our understanding of the physical world was to ______ to experiment." We must choose the most suitable word from four options. We assume basic knowledge of Galileo's scientific approach and English usage. Concept / Approach: The expression "to resort to" means "to turn to and adopt a method or course of action, especially when other methods have failed or are not available". The phrase "resort to experiment" therefore means "to rely on experiment as the main method". This fits perfectly with Galileo's role in transforming science into an experimental discipline. The other options do not form natural or meaningful collocations with "to experiment" in this context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and focus on the logical relationship between "further our understanding" and "experiment". Step 2: Consider each option with "to experiment": "annihilate to experiment", "resort to experiment", "emerge to experiment", and "suspect to experiment". Step 3: Notice that only "resort to experiment" is a natural, meaningful phrase in English. Step 4: Recall that Galileo championed experimentation as the central method of science, which matches "resort to". Step 5: Choose Option B, "resort", as the correct completion. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by mentally substituting each option into the sentence. "Annihilate to experiment" makes no sense, because "annihilate" means destroy completely. "Emerge to experiment" and "suspect to experiment" are also ungrammatical and semantically odd. In contrast, "was to resort to experiment" reads smoothly and accurately describes adopting experiment as the primary means of investigation, confirming that "resort" is the only correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "annihilate", means to destroy completely and does not fit with "to experiment" as an object. Option C, "emerge", means to come out or become visible, and it cannot grammatically take "to experiment" as a direct complement in this sentence. Option D, "suspect", means to believe something may be true or to distrust, and again does not form a correct phrase with "to experiment". None of these verbs matches the intended idea of adopting experiment as a method. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may overthink and look for a more complex verb, but the correct answer is the one that forms a standard collocation and makes historical sense. Another pitfall is to focus only on the meaning of individual words without checking how they function inside the full sentence. To do well in sentence completion questions, always read the sentence aloud in your mind with each option and choose the one that sounds natural and logical in context. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "resort".

Question 11

In the following sentence completion question, choose the most appropriate adverb to fill the blank so that the sentence reads: "Private companies do not produce new varieties and inputs ______ as a result of their own research."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your sense of meaning and tone in sentence completion. The sentence discusses private companies and how they produce new varieties and inputs. The missing adverb must logically describe the extent to which these products result from the companies' own research. The word chosen should fit both grammatically and semantically with the phrase "as a result of their own research". Given Data / Assumptions: The incomplete sentence is: "Private companies do not produce new varieties and inputs ______ as a result of their own research." We must select the adverb that makes the sentence meaningful and natural. We assume a context of economics, business, or agricultural policy discussion. Concept / Approach: The structure "do not ... entirely as a result of" is common when we want to say something is not produced completely or wholly by one cause alone. The adverb "entirely" expresses the idea of totality or completeness. This fits the contrast created by "do not produce". The sentence then suggests that other factors, like public research or imported technology, may also play a role. The other options do not convey this logical meaning. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Notice that the sentence is negative: "do not produce". Step 2: Look for an adverb that combines naturally with "as a result of their own research". Step 3: Try substituting each option: "sincerely as a result", "purportedly as a result", "entirely as a result", "abjectly as a result". Step 4: Observe that "entirely as a result" is the only phrase that sounds natural and conveys a clear idea of degree. Step 5: Select Option C, "entirely", as the correct completion. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, read the full sentence with the answer: "Private companies do not produce new varieties and inputs entirely as a result of their own research." This implies that their products are based partly on their own research and partly on other sources. This is a meaningful, realistic statement. The other options either distort the sense or sound unnatural in this position, confirming that "entirely" is right. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "sincerely", describes an attitude or manner, not the extent of causation; "sincerely as a result" does not make sense. Option B, "purportedly", means "supposedly" or "as claimed", and would introduce a different kind of doubt about truth, not degree; it does not fit smoothly after "do not produce". Option D, "abjectly", means completely miserable or degraded and is normally used with conditions like "abject poverty", not with "as a result of research". Thus, none of these alternatives fits the sentence logically or idiomatically. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes focus only on whether a word is difficult or uncommon and choose it for that reason, but the best answer is the one that naturally collocates with the surrounding phrase. Another pitfall is ignoring the negative "do not" and picking a word based solely on its positive meaning. When solving such questions, always read the entire sentence aloud in your mind with each option and choose the word that makes the sentence coherent and realistic in context. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "entirely".

Question 12

In the following sentence completion question, choose the most appropriate adverb so that the sentence reads: "Environmental protection and management is ______ attracting a lot of attention these days."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your sensitivity to tone and appropriateness in choosing adverbs. The sentence speaks about environmental protection and management, a serious and important topic, and comments on the attention it is receiving. The missing adverb should express that this attention is justified and appropriate, rather than artificial, bitter, or vulgar. Given Data / Assumptions: The incomplete sentence is: "Environmental protection and management is ______ attracting a lot of attention these days." We must choose an adverb that fits both the grammar and the positive tone of the sentence. We assume a neutral, formal context discussing public policy or awareness. Concept / Approach: The word "deservedly" means "rightly" or "with good reason". Saying that something is "deservedly attracting a lot of attention" indicates that the attention is justified. This suits the topic of environmental protection, which clearly deserves serious focus. The other adverbs have negative, inappropriate, or irrelevant connotations that do not match the context or collocate well with "attracting attention" here. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the sentence is likely to carry a positive evaluation of growing attention to environmental issues. Step 2: Substitute each option: "affectedly attracting", "deservedly attracting", "acridly attracting", "lewdly attracting". Step 3: Notice that "deservedly attracting" is the only phrase that sounds natural and positive. Step 4: Confirm that "deservedly" means "with justice" or "rightly", which fits the idea. Step 5: Select Option B as the correct completion. Verification / Alternative check: Read the completed sentence: "Environmental protection and management is deservedly attracting a lot of attention these days." This clearly expresses that the topic is worthy of the attention it receives. If you used "affectedly" (artificially), it would imply that the attention is fake; "acridly" (bitterly) and "lewdly" (indecently) produce absurd or inappropriate meanings. This confirms that "deservedly" is the only suitable choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "affectedly", means artificially or in a pretentious manner, and would wrongly suggest that the attention is fake. Option C, "acridly", describes a bitter, sharp, or harsh manner, used more for smell, taste, or tone, and does not collocate with "attracting a lot of attention" in this context. Option D, "lewdly", refers to behaviour that is sexually indecent or vulgar, completely unsuited to the serious topic of environmental management. Therefore, these options do not match the sentence logically or stylistically. Common Pitfalls: An error some students make is to choose the most unfamiliar word, thinking that examiners always hide the answer behind difficult vocabulary. In reality, the best answer is the one that fits the tone and meaning of the sentence in context. Another trap is ignoring the positive nature of topics like environmental protection and picking a negative adverb that sounds fancy. To succeed, always consider whether the emotional colour of the word matches the situation described. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "deservedly".

Question 13

In the following sentence completion question, choose the most appropriate preposition so that the sentence reads: "______ Parliament attack, there are many theories."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of how certain words function as prepositions or participles in English. The sentence refers to the Parliament attack and mentions that there are many theories about it. The missing word must introduce the topic of the theories and link naturally with "Parliament attack", giving the meaning "about the Parliament attack". Given Data / Assumptions: The incomplete sentence is: "______ Parliament attack, there are many theories." We must pick the word that correctly connects the noun phrase "Parliament attack" with "there are many theories". We assume a context of discussing events and opinions. Concept / Approach: The preposition "concerning" means "about" or "regarding". When we say "concerning the Parliament attack", we mean "about the Parliament attack". This fits perfectly as an introductory phrase indicating the subject of the subsequent clause. The other options are present participles of verbs that do not make sense in this syntactic position or do not express the intended meaning. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that we need a word meaning "about" or "regarding". Step 2: Check which option can function as a preposition and take "Parliament attack" as its object. Step 3: Notice that "concerning Parliament attack" is a standard phrase meaning "about the Parliament attack". Step 4: Confirm that "realising", "resurrecting", and "pleasing" cannot serve as prepositions here. Step 5: Select Option B as the correct completion. Verification / Alternative check: Read the completed sentence: "Concerning Parliament attack, there are many theories." Even more naturally, we can imagine "Concerning the Parliament attack, there are many theories." This clearly communicates that many theories exist about that incident. In contrast, "Realising Parliament attack" or "Pleasing Parliament attack" are not grammatically coherent or meaningful constructions, confirming that "concerning" is the only valid choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Realising", is a present participle of "realise" and would require an object and a different structure to make sense. Option C, "Resurrecting", means bringing back to life and cannot logically modify "Parliament attack" in this way. Option D, "Pleasing", is an adjective or participle related to giving pleasure and cannot act as a preposition meaning "about". None of these alternatives connects naturally with "Parliament attack" to introduce the topic of theories. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may be unfamiliar with "concerning" as a preposition and think of it only in the emotional sense of "worrying". However, in formal English it frequently means "regarding" or "about", as in "Concerning your application" or "questions concerning the policy". Remembering this dual use helps avoid errors. Always pay attention to whether the missing word should show time, reason, topic, or manner, and then choose a word that can grammatically serve that function. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "Concerning".

Question 14

In the following sentence completion question, choose the most appropriate noun so that the sentence reads: "A metrical thinker should always be moving in a direction which is beneficial and have always been right at every ______."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your familiarity with idiomatic expressions in English. The sentence describes a "metrical thinker" moving in a beneficial direction and then speaks of being right at every something. The missing noun needs to complete a common phrase that describes consistency at each step or stage of progress. Given Data / Assumptions: The incomplete sentence is: "A metrical thinker should always be moving in a direction which is beneficial and have always been right at every ______." We must select the noun that naturally completes this thought. We assume a figurative description of progress and decisions. Concept / Approach: The expression "right at every stride" is idiomatic and means being correct or sound at every step or stage. A stride is a long step, and metaphorically it stands for each significant move forward in one's thinking or actions. The other options do not form natural or meaningful collocations with "at every" in this context, whereas "at every stride" is both grammatically correct and semantically appropriate. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the sentence talks about continuous progress and being right at each step. Step 2: Test each option with the phrase "at every": "at every height", "at every stride", "at every growth", "at every address". Step 3: Notice that "at every stride" is the only phrase that sounds idiomatic and meaningful. Step 4: Understand that "stride" symbolically represents steps or stages in a process. Step 5: Select Option B as the correct word to complete the sentence. Verification / Alternative check: Read the complete sentence: "A metrical thinker should always be moving in a direction which is beneficial and have always been right at every stride." This suggests that such a thinker is correct at each important step in their reasoning or development. In contrast, "at every height" sounds awkward, as does "at every growth" and "at every address". None of those collocations is standard in English for describing ongoing correctness at each stage, confirming that "stride" is the right choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "height", is usually used with prepositions like "at a great height" or "at the height of", not "at every height" in this type of sentence. Option C, "growth", refers to development or increase and does not form a natural phrase "at every growth" here. Option D, "address", typically refers to a speech or location and would not complete the expression meaningfully. None of these words carries the idiomatic sense of repeated steps in a journey of thought or action. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to overanalyse the meaning of "metrical thinker" and get distracted from the collocation needed at the end of the sentence. Another pitfall is to imagine new phrases like "at every height" that are not actually used in standard English. To succeed in such questions, it helps to read widely and internalise common fixed expressions. When in doubt, choose the word that forms a familiar and meaningful phrase rather than inventing a new combination. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the sentence is "stride".

Question 15

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: Their is direct evidence that when lear…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests basic English grammar related to the difference between homophones such as there and their, and it also checks whether the learner can read a long sentence and still locate the precise segment that contains the error. Such questions are common in many competitive examinations because they force candidates to pay close attention to both meaning and form while scanning each numbered segment of the sentence. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered parts, with a fourth option reserved for No Error. The learner must assume that exactly one numbered part contains a grammatical or usage error in standard written English. The expression Their is direct evidence appears in the first part of the sentence. The remaining parts describe how neuro chemical communication between neurons is facilitated when learning occurs. Concept / Approach: The key concept here is the correct use of there versus their. The word there is used to introduce the existence of something, often in clauses such as there is or there are. The word their, in contrast, is a possessive determiner that indicates ownership, as in their house or their books. In formal English, only there can correctly appear before is direct evidence in an existential statement. Therefore, checking the very beginning of the sentence is enough to notice that part (1) contains a basic but important error. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the full instruction, then focus on the sentence and identify the three numbered segments.Step 2: Examine part (1): Their is direct evidence that when learning. The structure clearly attempts an existential construction, which should begin with There is, not Their is.Step 3: Confirm that their is a possessive form used before nouns to show ownership, and does not fit the meaning of this clause.Step 4: Check part (2): occurs, neuro chemical communication between. This is structurally fine when read with surrounding words.Step 5: Check part (3): neurons is facilitated and less input is required. This is grammatically acceptable, although style could be improved, there is no clear rule based error here.Step 6: Conclude that only part (1) contains a clear grammatical error, so option 1 is the correct choice. Verification / Alternative check: A good way to verify this answer is to mentally correct the sentence and see whether it becomes natural and grammatically sound. If we change Their is direct evidence to There is direct evidence, the whole sentence reads smoothly: There is direct evidence that when learning occurs, neuro chemical communication between neurons is facilitated and less input is required. No other part requires a structural change to be acceptable in standard English. This confirms that part (1) is the only segment with a definite error in usage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 2: Part (2) correctly continues the clause when learning occurs and links it to the phrase neuro chemical communication between. There is no grammar error in this segment.Option 3: Part (3) uses a passive structure is facilitated and adds the clause and less input is required, which is acceptable and grammatical, even if it could be stylistically refined.Option 4: The sentence is not error free, because the first word Their is wrong, so No Error cannot be the correct answer. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes skim past the very first word of a sentence because they expect the error to be hidden deeper in the structure. Another common mistake is to treat their and there as interchangeable simply because they sound the same, but competitive exams deliberately include such pairs to test careful reading. Learners may also become distracted by the scientific vocabulary neuro chemical and neurons, yet those parts are not where the grammatical problem lies. Remember that in formal English, existential statements should start with there is or there are, not their is. Final Answer: The error is in the homophone choice in part (1), where Their should be There, so the correct option is 1.

Question 16

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: You occasionally stop to admire the int…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence correction question focuses on tense consistency in English. The sentence describes common habits in a general context, and such habits are usually expressed with the simple present tense. The examiner wants to see whether the learner can recognise that the final clause shifts unnecessarily to a past perfect tense, which is not appropriate here. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered parts, with option (4) reserved for No Error. The main subject you refers to a generic person and is used in the sense of one. The first two parts use simple present tense verbs stop and retrace. The third part contains the verb phrase had seen, which is in the past perfect tense. Concept / Approach: The key concept tested is tense agreement within a single sentence about general behaviour. When we describe habitual actions or general truths, we normally use the simple present tense: you stop, you retrace, you make sure you have seen everything. The past perfect tense had seen is reserved for describing an action completed before another past action. In this sentence, there is no earlier past action that justifies the use of past perfect. Therefore, the third part contains the error, and it should read to make sure you have seen everything or to make sure you see everything. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Observe that the sentence as a whole talks about what you occasionally or sometimes do in general, not about a particular past event.Step 2: Examine part (1): You occasionally stop to admire the intellectual. This is a shortened way of saying intellectual scenery, which is completed in part (2). There is no tense problem here.Step 3: Examine part (2): scenery, or you sometimes retrace your steps. Again, this part uses the simple present tense and matches the general habit context.Step 4: Examine part (3): to make sure you had seen everything. The use of had seen introduces past perfect tense, which normally requires a clear reference to another past action.Step 5: Notice that no such earlier past action is mentioned. The sentence is not a narrative about a specific time but a description of regular behaviour.Step 6: Conclude that part (3) contains the grammatical error because the tense is inconsistent with the rest of the sentence. Verification / Alternative check: To verify the answer, try correcting the third segment. If we change the phrase to make sure you have seen everything, the full sentence becomes: You occasionally stop to admire the intellectual scenery, or you sometimes retrace your steps to make sure you have seen everything. Now the actions stop, retrace, and have seen all align around a general present context. If we wanted a fully simple present version, we could also say to make sure you see everything. Either corrected form highlights that had seen was the wrong tense choice, confirming that segment (3) is the one with an error. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) is grammatically sound, and the phrase You occasionally stop to admire the intellectual is correctly continued in the next part as intellectual scenery.Option 2: Part (2) correctly uses sometimes retrace in the simple present tense to describe a habitual action, which matches the rest of the sentence.Option 4: The sentence is not completely correct because the tense in part (3) is inappropriate, so the No Error choice cannot be right. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake in such questions is to focus on vocabulary such as intellectual scenery and ignore the underlying tense structure. Another pitfall is to assume that had seen sounds more sophisticated than have seen and therefore must be correct, even though tense choice should always follow the logic of time reference, not the apparent complexity of the form. Learners should train themselves to read each part while asking whether the time frame is consistent throughout the sentence. Final Answer: The tense inconsistency appears in the third segment using had seen, so the correct option is 3.

Question 17

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: Sometimes it appears as if they are del…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This item checks the learner's understanding of correct noun usage and collocations in English. The sentence uses the words customary and taboo in an incorrect combination, and the task is to identify the segment where the grammatical or lexical error lies. Such questions help build sensitivity to how adjectives and nouns should be paired in natural English. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is separated into three numbered parts plus a No Error option. Part (1) describes the overall situation: it appears as if they are deliberately doing something. Part (2) explains the purpose: limiting their chances of survival in order. Part (3) provides the object of observe: some customary or taboo. Concept / Approach: The main concept here is correct word form and parallel structure. Customary is an adjective, while taboo in this sentence is used as a noun meaning a prohibited practice. When we use some before a noun phrase, we normally expect nouns on both sides of or, for example some custom or taboo. Placing an adjective directly before or, without a noun, breaks the parallel structure. Therefore, the phrase some customary or taboo is grammatically faulty and must be corrected to some custom or taboo or some customary taboo practice. This reveals that part (3) is the incorrect segment. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the full sentence once to understand the general meaning about people limiting their chances of survival.Step 2: Check part (1): Sometimes it appears as if they are deliberately. The structure is natural and grammatically correct.Step 3: Check part (2): limiting their chances of survival in order. This is correctly formed and leads into an infinitive of purpose, which appears in the next part.Step 4: Examine part (3): to observe some customary or taboo. Here, some should introduce a noun, but customary is an adjective form of custom.Step 5: Notice that taboo is used as a noun, so the structure after some should be noun or noun, giving some custom or taboo or some ritual or taboo, not some customary or taboo.Step 6: Conclude that segment (3) contains the error because it uses an adjective without a noun and breaks the expected parallelism. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, replace the faulty phrase with a correct one. If we change part (3) to to observe some custom or taboo, the complete sentence becomes: Sometimes it appears as if they are deliberately limiting their chances of survival in order to observe some custom or taboo. This version reads smoothly and maintains clear meaning. Only a small word form change from customary to custom was needed, confirming that the third part was indeed the incorrect segment. No other part of the sentence demands a structural correction. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) uses correct tense and phrasing. The combination Sometimes it appears as if they are deliberately is standard and acceptable.Option 2: Part (2) is grammatically fine. The phrase limiting their chances of survival in order correctly sets up the purpose that follows.Option 4: The sentence is not free from error because of the phrase some customary or taboo, so No Error cannot be the correct answer. Common Pitfalls: Many learners read quickly and do not consciously distinguish between custom and customary. They may feel that customary is some type of noun simply because it is familiar. Another pitfall is ignoring parallel structure around or, where the two items being compared or contrasted should share similar grammatical forms. Paying attention to whether words are nouns, adjectives, or verbs is essential when solving error spotting questions of this type. Final Answer: The incorrect expression is in the third part, so the correct option is 3.

Question 18

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: The vast majority of people are consumi…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests correct use of participle forms such as concerning and concerned, and it also encourages learners to read scientific sounding sentences without being distracted by technical vocabulary. The focus is on whether the final phrase micronutrients concerning is natural and grammatically correct in standard English when used in this particular position. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is broken into three numbered parts, with option (4) representing No Error. The topic deals with micronutrient intake and safety. Part (1) uses the phrase are consuming, which is a present continuous form. Part (2) describes the amounts of micronutrients consumed. Part (3) contains the phrase most of the micronutrients concerning are very safe. Concept / Approach: The central concept here is adjective and participle usage after nouns. In standard English, when we want to say the micronutrients that are being discussed or the micronutrients in question, we usually use the adjective concerned, not concerning. The word concerning is more commonly used as a preposition meaning about, as in concerning this issue, or as a present participle verb form. The phrase micronutrients concerning, placed before the verb are, does not fit either usage well and sounds incorrect. Therefore, the correct expression should be most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe or most of the micronutrients in question are very safe. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine part (1): The vast majority of people are consuming. This is a standard present continuous structure that fits the idea of ongoing dietary behaviour.Step 2: Examine part (2): suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients. This part is also correct and logically follows part (1).Step 3: Examine part (3): and most of the micronutrients concerning are very safe. Here, concerning is used directly after the noun micronutrients as if it were a post modifier, but it does not have the intended meaning.Step 4: Recognise that the writer wants to say most of the micronutrients under discussion are very safe, which is expressed by most of the micronutrients concerned.Step 5: Since the wrong participle form is used in part (3), this segment contains the grammatical error.Step 6: Conclude that the correct answer must be the number corresponding to this segment. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, replace concerning with concerned and read the full sentence: The vast majority of people are consuming suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients and most of the micronutrients concerned are very safe. This version is grammatically correct and clearly expresses the idea that the micronutrients being talked about are safe. Another alternative is most of the micronutrients in question are very safe, which again shows that the original word concerning was not appropriate in that position. No changes are required in the other two segments, confirming that only part (3) contains an error. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: Part (1) uses standard grammar, and the phrase are consuming is correctly formed.Option 2: Part (2) is grammatically fine and accurately describes suboptimal amounts of most micronutrients.Option 4: The sentence is not error free, because part (3) uses concerning incorrectly. Therefore, No Error cannot be chosen. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes accept incorrect usage because it sounds technical or academic, especially in scientific contexts involving words like micronutrients. Another pitfall is confusion between concerned and concerning. Remember that concerned after a noun generally means related to that noun, while concerning usually acts as a preposition meaning about. In grammatical error questions, exam setters frequently exploit such subtle distinctions, so careful reading and familiarity with standard collocations are important. Final Answer: The incorrect phrase appears in the third segment, so the correct option is 3.

Question 19

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: India, a country of more than 1 billion…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The sentence in this question focuses on the correct use of verb forms in passive and active constructions. It talks about India as a rising economic superpower, and the examiner wants to check whether the learner can recognise that the phrase is emerged is not a correct English structure. This is a common type of error tested in competitive exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is split into three numbered parts, plus a No Error option. Part (1) describes India as a country of more than 1 billion population. Part (2) contains the phrase is emerged as. Part (3) calls India the economic superpower of the world. Concept / Approach: The main grammar concept is the use of present perfect tense versus passive voice. When we say that a country has become or has emerged as something, we normally use the present perfect active form: has emerged as an economic superpower. The structure is emerged combines the verb be with a past participle emerged, which would form a passive voice. However, the verb emerge is intransitive in this sense, meaning it does not take a direct object and is rarely used in a passive construction. Therefore, is emerged is ungrammatical here. The correct form is has emerged or has now emerged as the economic superpower of the world. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1): India, a country of more than 1 billion. Although the phrase more than 1 billion population is stylistically awkward, it is not the main grammar error tested here, and such expressions sometimes appear in examination English.Step 2: Read part (2): population, is emerged as the. Here, is emerged stands out as an incorrect combination.Step 3: Recall that the usual expression is has emerged as or has become.Step 4: Read part (3): economic superpower of the world. This part is correct as a noun phrase and fits naturally after has emerged as.Step 5: Therefore, identify part (2) as containing the primary grammatical error.Step 6: Rewrite mentally as India, a country with a population of more than 1 billion, has emerged as the economic superpower of the world to confirm the correction. Verification / Alternative check: As an alternative check, consider whether is emerged can ever be used correctly. Because emerge in this sense means to come forth or to arise, it does not take an object, and so a passive structure with be plus emerged is not standard. When we want to express a completed change of state that started in the past and has relevance now, we choose the present perfect: has emerged. Substituting has emerged makes the sentence grammatically sound and consistent with common English usage in news and academic writing about national economies. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 1: While many teachers would prefer India, a country with a population of more than 1 billion, the phrase a country of more than 1 billion population is not strictly ungrammatical in exam usage and is usually not treated as the main error.Option 3: Part (3) is a correct noun phrase and does not contain any tense or agreement issues.Option 4: Since the sentence clearly contains an error in part (2), it cannot be classified as error free, so No Error is not the right choice. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes focus on style instead of grammar and may think that part (1) must be the error because the wording sounds slightly clumsy. However, error spotting questions normally target a clear grammatical mistake, and is emerged is a much stronger and more objective error. Another pitfall is confusion between passive and perfect constructions. Remember that be plus past participle typically signals passive voice, while have plus past participle indicates perfect aspect. For intransitive verbs like emerge, the perfect form has emerged is usually appropriate, not a passive voice form. Final Answer: The incorrect verb phrase is in the second segment, so the correct option is 2.

Question 20

In the following sentence, one numbered part may contain a grammatical error, or the sentence may be fully correct. Choose the number of the part that has an error, or choose option (4) for No Error. Sentence: A judge must be slow in anger and (1) /…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem checks familiarity with idiomatic expressions in English, especially the fixed phrase slow to anger. Idioms often follow patterns that cannot be changed freely without sounding unnatural. The sentence describes the ideal temperament of a judge, and the candidate must identify which part does not follow idiomatic usage even though the basic grammar may look acceptable at first glance. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into three numbered fragments and a No Error option. Part (1) contains the phrase slow in anger. Part (2) contains quick to forgive; otherwise he may. Part (3) contains risk abusing his powers. Concept / Approach: The main concept is idiomatic preposition choice. In English, there is a standard expression slow to anger, which means that a person does not become angry easily or quickly. The preposition in is not usually used in this idiom. Although phrases like slow in responding are fine, slow in anger is not a natural collocation. Therefore, part (1) is the segment with the error: the preposition in should be replaced with to, giving slow to anger. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the entire sentence and understand that it describes the qualities of a judge, which are slow anger and quick forgiveness.Step 2: Focus on part (1): A judge must be slow in anger and. The structure be slow in anger is unusual in standard English.Step 3: Recall the common idiomatic phrase slow to anger, which is widely used in literature and everyday language.Step 4: Check part (2): quick to forgive; otherwise he may. This part uses quick to forgive, which is correct and fits the parallel idea of slow to anger and quick to forgive.Step 5: Check part (3): risk abusing his powers. This is a correct and natural phrase that describes a potential misuse of authority.Step 6: Based on this analysis, decide that the only unnatural phrase is in part (1), where the preposition should be changed to to. Verification / Alternative check: To confirm, rewrite the sentence using the idiomatic form: A judge must be slow to anger and quick to forgive; otherwise he may risk abusing his powers. This revised version reads smoothly and follows natural collocations in English. Neither of the other segments requires any change. This demonstrates that the problem lies only in the preposition used with slow in part (1). Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 2: Part (2) uses quick to forgive, which is idiomatic and grammatically correct.Option 3: Part (3) uses the phrase risk abusing his powers correctly. It expresses the danger that the judge might misuse his authority.Option 4: Because part (1) does contain an error, the sentence cannot be classified as completely correct, so No Error is not the right choice. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes view idiomatic choices as minor stylistic preferences and may ignore them when searching for errors. However, competitive exams frequently treat incorrect preposition choice in fixed expressions as a valid grammar error. Another pitfall is concentrating on more complex parts of the sentence, such as risk abusing his powers, and overlooking shorter phrases like slow in anger. Training yourself to notice standard collocations, especially with adjectives like slow and quick, will improve performance on such questions. Final Answer: The incorrect idiomatic expression appears in the first part, so the correct option is 1.

English Questions