Question 1

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the one which best expresses the meaning of the given word in standard English usage: "Crescendo".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question asks you to choose the word that is closest in meaning to "crescendo." Such questions test your understanding of precise word meanings and common usage in English. "Crescendo" is frequently used not only in music but also in general language to talk about a gradual increase in intensity, volume, or force. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: "Crescendo." Options: Dominate, Escalation, Squander, Revere. No sentence is provided, so we consider the common dictionary meaning. We assume the exam wants the closest general sense used in everyday English and written passages. Concept / Approach: Originally, in music, "crescendo" means "a gradual increase in loudness." By extension, in general language, it is used for any gradual rise or build up in intensity, excitement, noise, tension, or activity. The closest single-word synonym that captures the idea of a rise or build up is "escalation." The other options have very different meanings and do not convey this sense of gradual increase. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the core meaning of "crescendo": a gradual increase in volume, intensity, or force, often reaching a peak. Step 2: Examine "Escalation." It means a rise or increase, especially in intensity, seriousness, or magnitude (for example, escalation of a conflict or prices). Step 3: Compare meanings: both "crescendo" and "escalation" share the idea of a build up or increase, so they are semantically close. Step 4: Check the other options to be sure none fit better. Step 5: Conclude that "Escalation" is the best synonym of the given options. Verification / Alternative check: Consider an example sentence: "The applause rose to a crescendo." We could also say: "The applause reached a sudden escalation in volume," which is reasonably close in sense, though "crescendo" is more specific to sound. In non musical usage, "The argument built to a crescendo" is similar in meaning to "The argument escalated sharply." This confirms the pairing of "crescendo" with "escalation." Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "Dominate" means to control, rule over, or have a commanding influence. It does not inherently express the idea of increase or build up. Option C: "Squander" means to waste something, especially money, time, or opportunity. This is completely unrelated to the meaning of "crescendo." Option D: "Revere" means to respect or admire deeply. Again, this does not relate to increasing intensity or sound. Common Pitfalls: One common trap is to confuse "crescendo" with words that suggest power or dominance, perhaps because we imagine something becoming powerful. However, the precise idea is not "controlling" but "increasing" towards a peak. Another pitfall is choosing a word that simply "sounds sophisticated" instead of focusing on meaning. Always anchor your choice in a clear definition or example sentence in your mind. Final Answer: The word that best expresses the meaning of "Crescendo" is: Escalation.

Question 2

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the one which best expresses the meaning of the given word in context: "Esoteric".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question asks you to choose the synonym of the word "Esoteric." Such questions are common in competitive exams to test how well you understand high level English words often used in academic reading, philosophy, or advanced discussions. "Esoteric" is generally used to describe knowledge or ideas that are known or understood by only a small, specialised group of people. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: "Esoteric." Options: Befitting, Germane, Abstruse, Relevant. No context sentence is provided, so we rely on standard dictionary meanings. We assume the exam is testing the typical sense of "esoteric" as difficult and specialised. Concept / Approach: "Esoteric" usually means something that is intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a special knowledge or interest. Another word that captures this idea of being hard to understand and highly specialised is "abstruse." "Abstruse" means difficult to understand; obscure, complex, or deep. This semantic overlap makes "Abstruse" the best synonym among the given options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the meaning of "Esoteric": secretive, specialised, or intended for a small, knowledgeable audience; often hard for general people to understand. Step 2: Check "Abstruse." It means difficult to comprehend, obscure, or not easily grasped by most people. Step 3: Note the overlap: both "esoteric" and "abstruse" suggest complexity and limited accessibility to the general public. Step 4: Examine the remaining options to ensure none express this core meaning better. Step 5: Confirm "Abstruse" as the best synonym. Verification / Alternative check: Imagine a sentence: "The professor's lecture on quantum field theory was highly esoteric." Replacing "esoteric" with "abstruse" gives: "The professor's lecture on quantum field theory was highly abstruse." Both sentences convey that the lecture was very hard to understand and accessible only to specialists, which supports the choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "Befitting" means appropriate, suitable, or proper for someone or something. It does not convey the idea of difficulty or specialised knowledge. Option B: "Germane" means relevant or closely connected to what is being discussed. This only indicates relevance, not complexity or exclusivity. Option D: "Relevant" has a similar meaning to "germane" and simply indicates that something is related to the topic. Again, there is no sense of difficulty or specialisation. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates confuse "esoteric" with words that express "suitable" or "appropriate" because they remember it as something "fitting a small group." But the key nuance is not suitability; it is obscurity and specialised difficulty. A helpful memory trick is to link "esoteric" with "hard to enter" (hard to get into intellectually). Whenever you see "esoteric," think of complex or technically deep content, which leads you towards "abstruse." Final Answer: The word that best expresses the meaning of "Esoteric" is: Abstruse.

Question 3

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the one which best expresses the meaning of the given word: "Fiendish".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question asks you to select the synonym of the word "Fiendish." Such words often appear in newspaper editorials, novels, and descriptive writing. "Fiendish" is linked to the idea of a "fiend," that is, a demon or very wicked person, and it usually describes something extremely cruel, wicked, or devilishly difficult. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: "Fiendish." Options: Apparent, Cruel, Secure, Exemplify. We rely on the standard, most common meaning used in general English. We assume the exam wants the nearest everyday synonym. Concept / Approach: "Fiendish" generally means extremely cruel, wicked, or unpleasant. It is used both for people and plans, as in "a fiendish plan" or "fiendish torture." The word "cruel" captures this central meaning very directly. It suggests causing suffering deliberately or finding pleasure in others' pain, which is very close to the sense of "fiendish." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that "fiendish" is derived from "fiend," meaning an evil spirit or cruel person. Step 2: Understand that "fiendish" describes extreme wickedness or cruel behaviour, or sometimes something horribly difficult. Step 3: Check the options: "Cruel" clearly means causing pain or suffering deliberately; this aligns well with "fiendish." Step 4: Verify that none of the other options carry the idea of wickedness or extreme unkindness. Step 5: Conclude that "Cruel" is the correct synonym. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a sentence: "They devised a fiendish punishment." Replacing "fiendish" with "cruel" gives: "They devised a cruel punishment." The meaning remains strong and clear: the punishment is extremely harsh and unkind. Similarly, "a fiendish villain" can be understood as "a cruel villain." This confirms the semantic closeness. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "Apparent" means obvious or clear and has nothing to do with cruelty or wickedness. Option C: "Secure" means safe or protected, which is almost opposite in tone to the negative word "fiendish." Option D: "Exemplify" is a verb meaning to illustrate or show by example, not an adjective describing character or behaviour. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may think of "fiendish" only as "very difficult" (for example, "a fiendish puzzle"). While that is a valid extended usage, the underlying sense is that the puzzle is almost wickedly or devilishly hard. Thus, the core emotional colouring is still negative and related to cruelty or extreme severity. Avoid picking neutral or unrelated words just because they sound formal. Final Answer: The word that best expresses the meaning of "Fiendish" is: Cruel.

Question 4

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the one which is opposite in meaning (antonym) to the given word: "Acerbic".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question asks for the antonym (opposite meaning) of the word "Acerbic." In English, "acerbic" is mostly used to describe a tone, remark, comment, or style that is sharp, bitter, or harsh. To answer correctly, you must know not only the meaning of "acerbic" but also identify a word that expresses a contrasting, mild quality. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: "Acerbic." Options: Foretell, Amazed, Harsh, Bland. The question explicitly demands an opposite meaning, not a synonym. We focus on the most common usage: acerbic remarks or acerbic wit. Concept / Approach: "Acerbic" describes speech or writing that is sharply critical, biting, or sour in tone. The opposite would be something mild, gentle, or not sharp in flavour or tone. "Bland" is a word that refers to something lacking strong features, taste, or character; in the context of remarks, it suggests mild and inoffensive speech. Therefore, "bland" is the correct antonym among the given options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the meaning of "acerbic": sharp, biting, or harsh in tone; sometimes literally sour in taste. Step 2: Consider "Harsh": it has almost the same meaning as "acerbic," so it is a synonym, not an antonym. Step 3: Check "Bland": it means mild, gentle, or lacking strong flavour or sharpness, whether in food or in speech. Step 4: Recognise that mild and gentle speech is the opposite of sharp and biting speech. Step 5: Confirm "Bland" as the opposite of "acerbic." Verification / Alternative check: Suppose we say: "The critic's review was acerbic," meaning it was very sharp and biting. The opposite sentence would be: "The critic's review was bland," meaning it was mild, neutral, or lacking sharp criticism. This pair illustrates the contrast clearly. Similarly, "acerbic comments" versus "bland comments" conveys the difference between cutting criticism and soft, harmless remarks. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "Foretell" means to predict the future; it has nothing to do with tone or harshness. Option B: "Amazed" describes a state of great surprise or wonder, which is unrelated to the flavour or sharpness of language. Option C: "Harsh" actually supports or repeats the meaning of "acerbic" instead of opposing it, so it is a near synonym, not an antonym. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error in antonym questions is to choose a word that is somehow related in context but not truly opposite. For instance, "harsh" might feel connected to "acerbic" since both can describe criticism, but they point in the same direction. Always ask yourself: "Does this word directly reverse the meaning?" For "acerbic," which is sharp and biting, the opposite must be mild and gentle, which is best captured by "bland." Final Answer: The word opposite in meaning to "Acerbic" is: Bland.

Question 5

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the one which is opposite in meaning (antonym) to the given word: "Ribald".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question asks you to find the antonym of the word "Ribald." In English, "ribald" is commonly used to describe language, jokes, or behaviour that is coarse, indecent, or vulgar, especially in a sexual way. To answer correctly, you must pick the option that expresses the opposite moral or stylistic quality. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: "Ribald." Options: Provision, Biased, Clean, Vulgar. The question demands the opposite meaning, not a synonym. We focus on the sense of speech or jokes that are indecent or lewd. Concept / Approach: "Ribald" implies something that is coarse, crude, or indecent, especially in relation to sexual matters. The natural opposite is language that is decent, pure, or free from obscenity or vulgarity. The word "clean," when used to describe jokes, speech, or entertainment, typically means that it is free of obscenity and is morally appropriate. Thus "Clean" is the best antonym among the given options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that "ribald jokes" are rude, off colour, or indecent jokes. Step 2: Look for a word that expresses a morally acceptable and decent style of speech or humour. Step 3: "Clean" in the context of jokes or language means not containing obscenity or vulgar content. Step 4: Notice that "Vulgar" is actually close in meaning to "ribald," not opposite. Step 5: Confirm that "Clean" directly contrasts with "ribald" in this context. Verification / Alternative check: Consider the pair of phrases: "ribald jokes" versus "clean jokes." The first clearly implies indecent, crude humour, while the second means family friendly humour with no offensive material. This is a direct and widely understood opposition in everyday English. No other option in the list creates such a clear contrast. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "Provision" refers to supplying or providing something (for example, food, resources) and has no semantic link to decency or vulgarity in language. Option B: "Biased" means prejudiced or unfairly partial, which is unrelated to whether language is indecent or clean. Option D: "Vulgar" is actually a synonym or near synonym of "ribald," as both indicate crude or indecent behaviour or speech. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to confuse the test of antonyms with synonyms and pick a word like "Vulgar" because it seems to fit the general idea of rude language. Always read the question carefully: "opposite in meaning" changes the task completely. When you see "ribald," think of "vulgar," and then immediately search for its opposite, "clean" or "decent." Final Answer: The word opposite in meaning to "Ribald" is: Clean.

Question 6

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the one which is opposite in meaning (antonym) to the given word: "Scurrilous".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question seeks the antonym of "Scurrilous." The word often appears in contexts involving speech, writing, or rumours. "Scurrilous" comments or attacks are not just rude; they are abusive, insulting, and often defamatory. Your task is to identify the option that most strongly contrasts with this negative and abusive quality. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: "Scurrilous." Options: Coarse, Sophisticated, Insolent, Complimentary. We are looking for the opposite meaning, not a synonym. We focus on the standard usage: "scurrilous remarks," "scurrilous allegations." Concept / Approach: "Scurrilous" means grossly abusive, insulting, or scandalous in language or accusations. The opposite would be language that is positive, praising, or at least respectful. Of the options, "Complimentary" clearly expresses praise or positive regard and therefore strongly contrasts with abusive speech. Although "sophisticated" is somewhat opposed to "coarse," it does not directly oppose the idea of abusive, defamatory language as clearly as "complimentary" does. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the meaning of "scurrilous": offensive, slanderous, and abusive language or charges. Step 2: Examine "Complimentary." It means expressing praise, admiration, or approval. Step 3: Notice that praising language is the clear opposite of abusive language. Step 4: Check the other options to verify that they are not true opposites. Step 5: Confirm that "Complimentary" is the best antonym of "scurrilous." Verification / Alternative check: Consider two example phrases: "scurrilous remarks about the minister" versus "complimentary remarks about the minister." The first suggests harsh, insulting, possibly false accusations; the second suggests positive, praising comments. This direct contrast in tone and intent clearly demonstrates the antonymic relationship between "scurrilous" and "complimentary." Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "Coarse" means rough or crude, especially in behaviour or language. While related in tone, it is actually closer to being a synonym, not an opposite. Option B: "Sophisticated" relates to refinement, culture, or complexity. It opposes "coarse" in some contexts, but it does not specifically counter the abusive, defamatory nature of "scurrilous." Option C: "Insolent" means rude and disrespectful, which again is similar in negativity to "scurrilous," not the opposite. Common Pitfalls: Students may be tempted by "sophisticated" because they recall that "scurrilous" language is often coarse and they associate the opposite of coarse with sophisticated. However, the question focuses on the moral or praise blame dimension, not merely refinement. The best antonym is therefore the one that directly reverses abuse into praise, and that word is "complimentary." Final Answer: The word opposite in meaning to "Scurrilous" is: Complimentary.

Question 7

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the given Idiom/Phrase: "Jog someone's memory".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of a common English idiom: "Jog someone's memory." Idioms are fixed expressions whose meanings cannot always be guessed directly from the individual words. Knowing such idioms is very important for understanding conversations, novels, and exam passages. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "Jog someone's memory." Options describe different possible meanings related to people and thoughts. The question asks for the option that best captures the sense used in real life communication. Concept / Approach: The idiom "to jog someone's memory" means to prompt, remind, or cause a person to remember something that they had forgotten or were not actively thinking about. The word "jog" here is metaphorical and suggests a light push or nudge, just enough to get the memory moving again. Among the options, the only one that directly expresses this idea is "To cause someone to remember something." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the common usage: "Let me show you this old photo; it might jog your memory." Step 2: Understand that in this context, "jog" means to gently stimulate or trigger recall, not to physically jolt someone. Step 3: Compare the options and look for the one that mentions remembering or recalling. Step 4: Option D says: "To cause someone to remember something," which matches the idiom exactly. Step 5: Eliminate other options that refer to description, appreciation, or love, which are unrelated. Verification / Alternative check: Another example: "The smell of rain on dry soil jogged his memory of childhood." This clearly means that the smell helped him remember something he had experienced long ago. If we replace "jogged his memory" with "caused him to remember," the meaning remains the same. That confirms the accuracy of option D. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "Describing someone" has nothing to do with reminding another person of a past event or fact. Option B: "Appreciating someone’s humor" is about liking another person's jokes or sense of humour; it is unrelated to memory. Option C: "To be love with someone’s intelligence" is grammatically incorrect and conceptually unrelated to the act of reminding someone. Common Pitfalls: Many idioms use physical action words like "kick," "pull," or "jog" in figurative senses, which can confuse learners who interpret them literally. It is important to learn idioms as whole expressions with their meanings. Remember that "jog" in this idiom does not mean running or exercise; it means giving a slight mental nudge to recall something forgotten. Final Answer: The idiom "Jog someone's memory" means: To cause someone to remember something.

Question 8

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase: "Be in the red".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on the financial idiom "Be in the red." Idioms related to colours are very common in English, especially in business and banking contexts. "In the red" and "in the black" are opposite expressions used to describe a company's or a person's financial status. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "Be in the red." Options cover anger, death, debt, and energy. We assume a common financial context where this idiom is typically used. Concept / Approach: In accounting, traditionally, losses or negative balances were written in red ink, while profits or positive balances were written in black ink. From this, the idiom "to be in the red" developed, meaning to have a negative balance or to owe more money than one currently has. So "to be in the red" simply means "to be in debt" or "to be running at a loss," especially in financial statements. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the basic pair of expressions: "in the red" (loss, debt) and "in the black" (profit, surplus). Step 2: Look at the options for a meaning related to money or financial condition. Step 3: Option C: "To be in debt" directly refers to owing money, which matches the financial sense of "in the red." Step 4: Confirm that the other options do not fit this financial context. Step 5: Select "To be in debt" as the correct meaning. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a sentence: "After several bad quarters, the company is deep in the red." This clearly means the company is suffering heavy financial losses or has substantial debts. Replacing the phrase with "in debt" gives: "The company is deep in debt," which conveys the same idea. Therefore, the idiom and the chosen option align perfectly. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "To be very angry" might mislead some candidates because the colour red is associated with anger ("see red"), but that is a different idiom altogether. Option B: "Close to death" has no connection to accounting or red ink; it is simply unrelated. Option D: "Always energetic" similarly has nothing to do with financial status or debt. Common Pitfalls: A major pitfall is confusing similar sounding idioms: "see red" (to be very angry) versus "be in the red" (to be in debt). The presence of the word "red" does not guarantee the same meaning. Always pay attention to the entire idiom, including prepositions like "in" or "see," because they can completely change the sense of the phrase. Final Answer: The idiom "Be in the red" means: To be in debt.

Question 9

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase: "Foot the bill".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of the common English idiom "Foot the bill." This phrase appears frequently in conversations about paying for meals, trips, or shared expenses. It is important to recognise that the word "foot" here is used figuratively and has nothing to do with a literal foot. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "Foot the bill." Options: discount, paying, manipulating, or avoiding payment. The question asks for the meaning in everyday financial or social contexts. Concept / Approach: To "foot the bill" means to pay the entire amount of the bill or to accept responsibility for paying for something, especially when the total is significant. Historically, "to foot" a list meant to add up the items at the bottom (the "foot" of the page). From there, the expression evolved into "foot the bill," meaning to settle the total cost. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall typical usage: "My uncle offered to foot the bill for our vacation," meaning he offered to pay the entire cost. Step 2: Look for an option that involves paying money, not reducing it or altering it. Step 3: Option B clearly states "To pay for something," which is the essence of the idiom. Step 4: Confirm that no other option matches this meaning. Step 5: Select option B as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Consider the sentence: "He invited everyone to the restaurant and then had to foot the bill." If we replace "foot the bill" with "pay for everything," the sentence still makes perfect sense. This shows that paying for the expense is indeed the heart of the idiom's meaning. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "To get good discount on a total bill" suggests saving money rather than paying it, which is not implied by the idiom. Option C: "To manipulate the bill" implies altering the amount due, such as changing figures, which is not part of this idiom's meaning. Option D: "To avoid paying for little expenses" is almost the opposite. "Foot the bill" means you do pay, often for everything, not avoid paying. Common Pitfalls: Some learners misunderstand "foot" as stepping on or kicking something and imagine meanings like "rejecting a bill" or "throwing it away." However, the idiom is based on an old accounting term where the "foot" of the page is where totals are written. Keeping such historical clues in mind can help you remember that "foot the bill" is about settling the total amount due. Final Answer: The idiom "Foot the bill" means: To pay for something.

Question 10

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase: "Catch 22".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This idiom question is based on the famous expression "Catch 22," originally popularised by Joseph Heller's novel of the same name. The phrase has now entered general English to describe a particular type of frustrating situation in which there is no way to win because the rules or conditions are self contradictory. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "Catch 22." Options offer different types of situations: helpless, nearly winning, successful, or timely. The question asks for the meaning of this fixed expression in everyday use. Concept / Approach: A "Catch 22" is a no win or paradoxical situation where you cannot solve a problem because the solution itself depends on a condition that cannot be met without already having the solution. In simple exam language, it can be described as a particular situation in which one cannot do anything or cannot escape because of a circular set of rules. Among the options, the one that matches this idea most closely is "A Particular situation in which one cannot do anything." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall a classic example: You need experience to get a job, but you need a job to get experience. This is a "Catch 22." Step 2: Recognise that the key idea is being trapped by contradictory conditions, leaving no practical way forward. Step 3: Examine option A: it describes "a particular situation in which one cannot do anything," capturing the idea of being stuck and helpless. Step 4: Check that options B, C, and D all refer to successful or near successful situations, which contradict the negative nature of a "Catch 22." Step 5: Select option A as the correct meaning. Verification / Alternative check: In everyday conversation, someone might say: "It's a real Catch 22 — I can't leave my job until I find another one, but I can't find another job because I have no time while working." This clearly shows that they feel stuck and unable to act. Recasting the explanation as "a situation in which I cannot do anything because of conflicting conditions" matches the description in option A. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B: "Close to winning line" suggests near success, which is opposite to being trapped with no solution. Option C: "Able to achieve the target" clearly indicates success, not helplessness. Option D: "Grabbing the opportunity on time" describes taking advantage of a favourable situation, not a paradox that blocks progress. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to treat "Catch 22" as just "a very difficult situation." While difficulty is involved, the essence is that the difficulty arises from contradictory rules that make the problem unsolvable. In exams, the simpler paraphrase often emphasises the "no way out" feeling, as in the provided correct option. Remembering the job experience example is a good way to fix the meaning in your mind. Final Answer: The idiom "Catch 22" means: A particular situation in which one cannot do anything (a no win, paradoxical situation).

Question 11

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase: "Carry the can".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This idiom question is based on the expression "Carry the can," which is more common in British English but also understood in many exam contexts. It is frequently used when someone has to accept blame or responsibility, often for something that others have also done or that is not entirely their fault. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "Carry the can." Options include ideas such as doubt, impatience, contact, and responsibility. The question asks for the meaning that fits common usage in news reports and conversations. Concept / Approach: To "carry the can" means to accept blame or responsibility for something that has gone wrong. It often implies that the person taking the blame may not be the only one at fault or may even be taking the blame on behalf of others (becoming a kind of scapegoat). In exam language, this is neatly captured by "To take the responsibility of some misdemeanor." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall a typical sentence: "When the project failed, the junior manager had to carry the can for the entire team." Step 2: Understand that this means he had to accept the blame or responsibility for the failure. Step 3: Examine option D: it directly mentions "take the responsibility of some misdemeanor," which aligns well with the idea of accepting blame when something goes wrong. Step 4: Check that the other options do not involve responsibility or blame. Step 5: Select option D as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a headline: "Minister forced to carry the can for policy disaster." Rephrasing it as "Minister forced to take responsibility for policy disaster" leaves the meaning unchanged. This shows that the idiom "carry the can" is indeed about bearing responsibility, especially when things have gone wrong. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "To listen to something with considerable doubt" is more like "take with a pinch of salt," not "carry the can." Option B: "To be impatient" has nothing to do with blame or responsibility. Option C: "To be in touch" refers to maintaining contact or communication, which again is not the sense of the idiom. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may confuse this idiom with phrases involving "can" as a container or as ability ("can do"). It helps to think of "carrying the can" as carrying the burden or load of blame. Whenever you see the idiom in articles, it almost always appears in contexts of scandals, failures, or mistakes, reinforcing the idea of taking responsibility or becoming the one who is officially blamed. Final Answer: The idiom "Carry the can" means: To take the responsibility of some misdemeanor (often to accept blame for something that has gone wrong).

Question 12

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase: "Paper over the cracks".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The idiom "Paper over the cracks" is used to describe a situation where people try to hide problems or disagreements rather than solving them. It is similar to literally putting wallpaper over cracks in a wall so that the damage cannot be seen, even though it still exists underneath. This question checks whether you can identify this figurative meaning correctly. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "Paper over the cracks." Options: take risk, cause embarrassment, hide problems, be absent without permission. The question focuses on determining the real communicative function of this phrase. Concept / Approach: To "paper over the cracks" means to cover up or disguise problems, disagreements, or weaknesses instead of dealing with them honestly. The problems still exist, but they are temporarily hidden so that everything appears fine on the surface. Among the given options, "To hide problems" captures this meaning exactly and is thus the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Visualise the literal scene: a wall has cracks that show damage, and someone sticks paper or wallpaper over them so the wall looks good from far away. Step 2: Extend this image to people or organisations: they may hide internal issues or conflicts so that things look better from outside. Step 3: Identify the option that explicitly mentions hiding problems: option C. Step 4: Confirm that the other options talk about unrelated ideas like risk, embarrassment, or absence from duty. Step 5: Choose option C as the correct meaning. Verification / Alternative check: Example sentence: "The management tried to paper over the cracks by announcing a small bonus, but the staff were still unhappy." If we replace the idiom with "hide problems," we get: "The management tried to hide the problems by announcing a small bonus..." which fits the context perfectly. This confirms that "to hide problems" is the right interpretation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "To take risk" is more related to idioms like "take the plunge" or "stick one's neck out," not to hiding issues. Option B: "To cause embarrassment" is more likely associated with idioms like "lose face" or "put one's foot in it." Option D: "To be absent from duty without permission" describes "abscond" or "absent without leave," which is totally unrelated to covering up problems. Common Pitfalls: One trap is to focus on individual words like "cracks" and think of danger or risk, but the key is the full phrase. The "paper" in the idiom is like wallpaper or a thin covering, not a written document. Always consider the idiom as a whole picture: cracks exist, but paper is placed over them so they cannot be seen easily. This mental image will guide you to the meaning of hiding problems rather than solving them. Final Answer: The idiom "Paper over the cracks" means: To hide problems (rather than solving them properly).

Question 13

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase: "Be a dab hand at something".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The idiom "Be a dab hand at something" is used mainly in informal British English to describe someone who is very good or skilful at a particular task or activity. It can be used for both professional skills and everyday abilities, such as cooking, repairing things, or playing games. This question checks whether you can recognise that positive meaning. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "Be a dab hand at something." Options: nonsense talking, hearing fake intention, listening to conversations, being skilled. The question seeks the best paraphrase of the idiom in standard English. Concept / Approach: A "dab hand" is an informal phrase meaning an expert or someone particularly good at something. For example, "She is a dab hand at painting" means she is very skilled at painting. Therefore, the meaning revolves around competence and skill, not negative behaviour or passive listening. Among the options, "Skilled in a particular area" clearly matches this idea. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the typical usage: "He is a dab hand at fixing computers," "My mother is a dab hand at making pickles." Step 2: Understand that in all such sentences, the phrase compliments someone's ability and expertise. Step 3: Examine the options and look for the one that indicates high skill or ability. Step 4: Option D says "Skilled in a particular area," which matches exactly. Step 5: Confirm that the other options are irrelevant or negative and do not express the idea of skill. Verification / Alternative check: Insert the options into an example sentence: "My friend is a dab hand at mathematics." If we restate it as "My friend is skilled in mathematics," the meaning is the same. But saying "My friend is always telling nonsense" or "ready to listen to other people's conversation" completely changes the sense, which proves that option D is the only suitable paraphrase. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "Always telling nonsense" suggests foolish or meaningless talk, which is not at all the idea of being good at something. Option B: "Hearing a fake intention" is unclear and ungrammatical; it does not describe any special skill. Option C: "Ready to listen to other people's conversation" describes curiosity or nosiness, not competence. Common Pitfalls: The phrase "dab hand" is idiomatic and might mislead learners who focus on the literal meaning of "hand." Remember that English uses "hand" in many expressions to refer to help or skill (for example, "a safe pair of hands"). When you see "dab hand," think "expert" or "very skilful person." Linking it to actual example sentences that praise someone's ability will help fix the meaning in your memory. Final Answer: The idiom "Be a dab hand at something" means: Skilled in a particular area.

Question 14

In the following question, out of the given four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase: "Get cracking".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This idiom question is based on the informal phrase "Get cracking." It is commonly used in spoken English to encourage someone (or oneself) to begin doing something quickly, especially when time is limited or work is pending. Understanding this idiom helps in everyday conversations, instructions, and dialogues in examinations. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "Get cracking." Options: delay, destroy, waste time, start doing something. The question expects the meaning most commonly used in modern English. Concept / Approach: "Get cracking" means to start working on a task or activity without delay. It carries a sense of urgency and energy, as if one must get moving immediately. It is similar in meaning to "get started," "get going," or "start working quickly." Therefore, the correct answer will refer to beginning an action, not postponing, destroying, or wasting time. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall typical uses: "We need to get cracking if we want to finish by tonight," or "Come on, get cracking on your homework." Step 2: Understand that in both examples, the speaker is telling someone to begin their work immediately. Step 3: Review the options and identify the one that clearly describes beginning an activity: option D, "To start doing something." Step 4: Ensure that the other options describe the opposite ideas of delay or destruction. Step 5: Choose option D as the correct meaning. Verification / Alternative check: Replace the idiom in a sentence: "If we want to catch the train, we must get cracking." Changing it to "we must start moving quickly" or "we must start doing something now" keeps the same sense. However, replacing it with "we must delay," "we must waste time," or "we must destroy everything" clearly changes or destroys the intended meaning, which confirms that "to start doing something" is the correct explanation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A: "To delay little longer" is the exact opposite of the urgency implied in "get cracking." Option B: "To destroy at the end" has no relationship to starting a task or working quickly. Option C: "To waste time in waiting" also contradicts the idiom, which encourages taking action instead of wasting time. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may associate the word "cracking" with breaking or destroying something, so they might think the idiom is negative or violent. In reality, "get cracking" is about getting active and moving fast. It is important to learn such idioms as whole units of meaning rather than interpreting each word literally. Remember it alongside phrases like "get moving" or "get going" to reinforce the correct idea of starting an action quickly. Final Answer: The idiom "Get cracking" means: To start doing something (especially quickly and with energy).

Question 15

In the following English vocabulary question, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the idiom or phrase "a hair's breadth", referring to a situation where something happens by the smallest possible margin or degree.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of a very common English idiom used in spoken and written language. The phrase "a hair's breadth" is often used in exam passages, news reports, and everyday conversation to describe how close something came to happening or how narrow a margin really was. Competitive exams frequently include idioms like this because they reveal how well a learner understands figurative meanings rather than just literal words. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given the idiom in the stem and four possible meanings as options. We must select the option that correctly captures the figurative, not literal, meaning. We assume standard contemporary English usage. Concept / Approach: Idioms are fixed expressions whose meanings cannot be fully understood by translating word by word. "Hair" and "breadth" literally refer to the thickness or width of a single hair, which is extremely tiny. Over time, English speakers have used this image metaphorically to talk about the smallest measure of distance, time, or chance. Therefore, the idiom is associated with narrow margins and extremely slight differences, not with praise, pleasure, or visibility. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the question is about an idiom and calls for its figurative meaning. Step 2: Recall that a single hair is extremely thin, so "a hair's breadth" suggests a very tiny measurement. Step 3: Connect that tiny measurement to common usage such as "He escaped death by a hair's breadth," meaning "by a very small margin." Step 4: Compare this sense with the given options and look for one that mentions "smallest possible amount or degree." Step 5: Option A exactly matches this meaning, so it is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify the meaning by thinking of example sentences: "The car missed the child by a hair's breadth," clearly indicates a very narrow escape. Dictionaries also define the idiom as a very small distance or margin. None of the other options relates to narrowness, measurement, or margin, which confirms that Option A is the only appropriate meaning. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B talks about irresponsible pleasure-seeking in old age, which is unrelated to narrow margins or distance. Option C refers to praising someone's abilities and achievements, which is about appreciation, not closeness. Option D describes looking for something not clearly visible, which might involve straining the eyes but has nothing to do with a tiny measure. Therefore, these three options do not express the idiom's accepted figurative meaning. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes get distracted by the literal words and imagine hair care, age, eyesight, or even emotional praise, but idioms rarely match the literal picture. Another common mistake is to confuse this idiom with others that involve "hair", such as "let your hair down" or "not a hair out of place". Always consider how the expression is used in context, especially in example sentences about risk, danger, or narrow victory. Final Answer: The correct answer is "The smallest possible amount or degree of something".

Question 16

In this English idiom question, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the phrase "come hell or high water", which describes strong determination to do something despite any difficulties or obstacles.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on the idiom "come hell or high water", a colourful expression commonly used to show firm resolve. Examinations often test such idioms because they check whether candidates understand figurative language, commitment, and tone in English usage. Knowing these phrases helps you interpret speeches, editorials, and conversations more accurately. Given Data / Assumptions: We have one idiom in the stem and four possible meanings. We must identify which option matches the generally accepted meaning. We assume neutral, standard English without regional distortion. Concept / Approach: The idiom combines two extreme images: "hell", symbolising severe difficulty or suffering, and "high water", suggesting floods or natural obstacles. Together they emphasise that even the worst situations will not stop the speaker. So the core idea is: "I will do it anyway, regardless of what happens." That is more than merely mentioning obstacles; it expresses determination in spite of them. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the idiom expresses a strong emotional attitude. Step 2: Recall common sentences such as "I will be there, come hell or high water." Step 3: Interpret this as "I will be there, whatever happens" or "No matter what." Step 4: Examine the options and look for the one capturing this sense of unconditional determination. Step 5: Option A, "No matter what", perfectly matches that idea, so it is correct. Verification / Alternative check: To double-check, think of whether the idiom could ever mean "feeling ill" or "something good and useful". In all typical contexts, it appears when someone promises to act in spite of problems. You can also compare it with similar expressions like "come what may" or "at any cost". These all share the idea of continuing regardless of circumstances, confirming Option A as the right answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, "Feeling ill", is about physical condition and has no connection with determination. Option C, "Possible obstacles in one's path", mentions difficulties but does not contain the crucial idea that the person will go ahead anyway. It describes the problems, not the determination. Option D, "Something good and useful", is completely unrelated to the dramatic tone of the idiom. Hence, these options do not match the real meaning. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to select an option that mentions "obstacles" and stop there, because the words "hell" and "high water" sound like problems. However, the idiom is more about attitude than about the problems themselves. Another pitfall is guessing based on one word like "high" or "water" without considering the expression as a fixed whole. Always treat idioms as set phrases whose meaning must be learned as a unit. Final Answer: The correct answer is "No matter what".

Question 17

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the phrase "insatiable greed for riches", that is, an excessive and never-ending desire for wealth.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines your knowledge of one-word substitutions, an important area of English vocabulary in competitive exams. Instead of using a long phrase like "insatiable greed for riches", English has a precise word that condenses the entire meaning. Recognising such words improves both comprehension and expression, especially in formal writing and objective tests. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given the descriptive phrase "insatiable greed for riches". We must select the single word that accurately represents this idea. We assume standard dictionary meanings of all options. Concept / Approach: The key words in the phrase are "insatiable" (never satisfied), "greed" (excessive desire), and "riches" (wealth, money, material possessions). In English, the classical term that combines greed and wealth is "avarice". It comes from Latin and is frequently used in literature, moral essays, and even religious or philosophical texts to criticise excessive love of money. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the idea of greed for money or wealth, not just ordinary desire. Step 2: Recall that "avarice" is defined as extreme or insatiable greed for wealth. Step 3: Compare "avarice" with the other options and see that none of them refers to greed. Step 4: Confirm that "avarice" matches the phrase almost word for word. Step 5: Select Option A as the correct substitution. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, consider well-known phrases such as "the sin of avarice" or "blinded by avarice", which clearly indicate destructive greed for money. Dictionaries typically gloss "avarice" as "extreme or insatiable desire for wealth or gain". This exactly parallels the phrase in the question. Therefore, Option A is fully consistent with standard usage and meaning. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, "Actuary", refers to a professional who analyses financial risk, especially in insurance; it is a job title, not a moral quality. Option C, "Antiquary", is a person who studies or collects antiques and old objects, unrelated to greed for wealth as such. Option D, "Apostate", is someone who abandons a religious or political belief. None of these concepts describe insatiable greed for riches, so they cannot be correct here. Common Pitfalls: Because all the options begin with the letter "A", some candidates try to guess based on sound or vague familiarity. Another common error is confusing "avarice" with "average" or "avaricious" without knowing the root meaning. To avoid such confusion, always break the phrase in the stem into key ideas and match them carefully with dictionary meanings. Memorising common one-word substitutions like "avarice", "altruism", and "agnostic" will also help significantly in vocabulary sections. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Avarice".

Question 18

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the phrase "like a weak old woman", describing behaviour or character that resembles that of a feeble, elderly woman.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on a slightly uncommon but exam-relevant adjective used in English vocabulary. The phrase "like a weak old woman" is asking for a word that describes behaviour, manner, or character typically and stereotypically associated with an elderly, feeble woman. One-word substitutions like this appear frequently in higher-level English tests and help sharpen nuanced understanding of description words. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given the phrase "like a weak old woman". We must select the single adjective that carries this specific sense. We assume the options are used in their standard dictionary meanings. Concept / Approach: The word "anile" is derived from Latin "anus", meaning "old woman". In English, "anile" is used to describe something characteristic of an old woman, especially when it suggests weakness, childishness, or senility. It is often used in a critical way to describe feeble-minded or overly cautious behaviour. None of the other options has this connection with age or weakness. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the phrase in the stem describes a quality or characteristic, so the correct answer should be an adjective. Step 2: Recall or deduce that "anile" is the adjective related to an old woman. Step 3: Check each option: see which one refers to old women or feminine weakness. Step 4: Confirm that "anile" alone matches "like a weak old woman". Step 5: Choose Option C as the correct one-word substitution. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify this by checking how "anile" is used in example sentences such as "an anile old man" or "anile chatter", where it suggests feeble, senile, or overly old-fashioned behaviour. The meaning always goes back to the idea of an old woman's weakness or garrulousness. Since this matches the phrase in the stem, our selection is confirmed. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Amazon", refers to a tall, strong, and often warrior-like woman, the exact opposite of a weak old woman. Option B, "Acetic", relates to vinegar or acetic acid and has nothing to do with age or gender. Option D, "Archer", is a person who uses a bow and arrows; it names a profession or role, not a characteristic quality. Therefore, these options do not express the phrase given in the question. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is selecting "Amazon" simply because it refers to a woman, without considering that the meaning is about strength, not weakness. Another pitfall is guessing based on sound similarity, for example confusing "anile" with "aniline" or other technical terms. To improve performance in such questions, learners should build a list of rare but exam-friendly adjectives and review their precise connotations regularly. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Anile".

Question 19

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the phrase "to renounce one's faith or religion", that is, to formally give up or abandon a previously held belief.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of a specialised term used in religious, political, and ideological discussions. Many languages, including English, have specific words for abandoning one's former beliefs or faith. Understanding such terms is important for reading history, philosophy, religious studies, and current affairs articles with precision. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given the phrase "to renounce one's faith or religion". We must select the correct one-word substitution for this act. We assume standard dictionary meanings, with no special technical twist. Concept / Approach: The correct word is "apostasy". Apostasy refers to the formal abandonment or renunciation of a religious belief, cause, or political party. A person who commits apostasy is called an "apostate". The core idea is turning away from a belief system one previously accepted. The other options either name unrelated concepts or have very different meanings. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the key action in the phrase: renouncing or giving up a faith. Step 2: Recall that "apostasy" is defined as the act of abandoning a religious or political belief. Step 3: Check each option to see which one matches this definition. Step 4: Confirm that only "apostasy" has this precise sense. Step 5: Select Option C as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, consider sentences such as "He was accused of apostasy for leaving the faith" or "Apostasy was punished severely in ancient societies." In each case, the act described is deliberate renunciation. This aligns perfectly with the phrase in the stem. None of the other options would fit naturally into these sentences, confirming that "apostasy" is the right choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Fantasy", refers to imagination or unreal, fanciful ideas; it has nothing to do with abandoning a belief. Option B, "Euphrasy", is another name for eyebright, a plant used in herbal medicine, and is not related to religion. Option D, "Epistasy", is a technical term used in genetics, referring to the interaction of genes, again unrelated to faith or renunciation. Therefore, these options cannot correctly substitute the phrase in the question. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse "apostasy" with "apology" or "apostle" because of similar spelling. An apostle is a messenger or missionary, almost the opposite of someone who renounces faith. Another trap is choosing a word purely because it sounds sophisticated, without recalling its meaning. To strengthen vocabulary in this area, it is useful to group words such as "apostasy", "heresy", "orthodoxy", and "dogma" and study them together. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Apostasy".

Question 20

In this one-word substitution question, choose the single English word that best expresses the idea of "vexation or humiliation because of disappointment", that is, an uncomfortable feeling arising when one's hopes or pride are hurt.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question tests your grasp of nuanced emotional terms in English. The phrase in the stem describes a specific emotional reaction: feeling annoyed, embarrassed, or humiliated because something has gone wrong or expectations have been disappointed. English has a concise word that captures this emotional mix very precisely, and recognising it is useful for reading literature and sophisticated prose. Given Data / Assumptions: The phrase given is "vexation or humiliation because of disappointment". We must identify the single word that summarises this emotional state. We assume standard, non-technical meanings for all options. Concept / Approach: The correct word is "chagrin". It refers to a feeling of distress, annoyance, or embarrassment caused by failure or disappointment. It is often used when someone feels foolish or let down after thinking something would go well. The other options refer to materials or substances and do not describe emotions at all, which makes them easy to eliminate if you focus on meaning rather than just sound. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the phrase describes an emotion, not an object or substance. Step 2: Recall that "chagrin" is defined as distress or embarrassment at having failed or been humiliated. Step 3: Check whether any of the other options denote emotional states; they do not. Step 4: Match the idea of vexation and humiliation due to disappointment directly with "chagrin". Step 5: Choose Option C as the correct one-word substitution. Verification / Alternative check: Consider example usages such as "To his chagrin, the plan failed" or "She could not hide her chagrin when her name was not announced". In both cases, the emotion is a combination of disappointment, slight embarrassment, and annoyance. This fits the phrase in the question exactly. None of the other options can be used naturally in such sentences to express that feeling, which verifies our choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Linen", is a fabric made from flax and has no emotional meaning. Option B, "Adrenalin" (or "adrenaline"), is a hormone associated with excitement and the fight-or-flight response, but not specifically with humiliation or disappointment. Option D, "Porcelain", is a type of ceramic used for dishes and decorative objects. Since all three are physical substances, they cannot substitute a phrase that clearly refers to an inner emotional experience. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes candidates pick "adrenalin" because disappointment can cause strong feelings, and they loosely connect emotions with hormones. However, the phrase given is not about physical arousal; it is specifically about humiliation and vexation. Another pitfall is unfamiliarity with "chagrin" because it is less common in everyday speech. To avoid errors, it helps to read editorials, essays, and novels where such words frequently occur, and to build a habit of noting new emotional vocabulary with example sentences. Final Answer: The correct answer is "Chagrin".

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