Question 1

In this sentence improvement question, choose the option that best corrects the phrasal verb in the sentence: "Please switch of the fan."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Phrasal verbs are a common source of errors in English because small changes in prepositions or adverbs can completely change the meaning of a phrase. The sentence given here is "Please switch of the fan." The intention is clearly to ask someone to turn the fan off, but the preposition is wrong. You must choose the correct phrasal verb that native speakers use in this context. Given Data / Assumptions: Original sentence: Please switch of the fan. Underlined part: switch of. Options: switch off, switch in, switch out, no improvement. The context is a polite request to stop the fan from running. Concept / Approach: In standard English, the phrasal verb for turning a device or light off is "switch off." For example, we say "switch off the fan," "switch off the light" or "switch off the television." The phrase "switch of" is simply incorrect because "of" is a preposition used for possession, association or quantity, not for this phrasal verb. "Switch in" and "switch out" exist in certain technical contexts but are not used for everyday appliances. Therefore, the only correct improvement is "switch off." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the intended action: stopping the fan from working.Step 2: Recall the standard phrasal verbs for this action, such as "turn off" or "switch off."Step 3: Compare this with the incorrect phrase "switch of," which uses the wrong preposition.Step 4: Evaluate option A "switch off," which matches the correct phrasal verb and sounds natural in the sentence.Step 5: Check option B "switch in," which normally means to introduce something into a circuit or process and not to turn a device off.Step 6: Check option C "switch out," which is rare and not used in this everyday context, and note that "no improvement" would leave the clear error unchanged. Verification / Alternative Check: Substitute each option into the full sentence. "Please switch off the fan" is a correct and commonly used sentence. "Please switch in the fan" is unclear and unnatural. "Please switch out the fan" sounds wrong in everyday English. "Please switch of the fan" is ungrammatical because "of" does not form a correct phrasal verb with "switch." The naturalness test clearly points to "switch off" as the only correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Switch in" is used in specialist technical language, such as switching in a new component, but not for stopping a household device. "Switch out" may appear in technical texts for replacing components but does not mean to turn something off. "No improvement" must be rejected because the original phrase "switch of" is clearly wrong in both spelling and usage. These incorrect options are included to test whether you truly know phrasal verbs or guess from similarity of form. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse "of" and "off" because they sound similar in fast speech, but in writing they have very different functions. Another problem is mixing up phrasal verbs like "switch on," "switch off," and "switch over." To avoid mistakes, connect each phrasal verb to a typical situation: "switch on the light," "switch off the fan," "switch over to another channel." Practising such pairs strengthens your recall in exam conditions. Final Answer: The correct improvement is: "Please switch off the fan."

Question 2

In this sentence improvement question, choose the correct prepositional phrase to replace "hell bent at getting" in the sentence: "The employees are hell bent at getting what is due to them."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Many sentence improvement questions focus on fixed expressions where a particular preposition must follow a given adjective or phrase. The expression "hell bent" is one such case. The sentence reads: "The employees are hell bent at getting what is due to them." Here the examiner is checking whether you know the correct preposition that collocates with "hell bent" in standard English. Given Data / Assumptions: Original sentence: The employees are hell bent at getting what is due to them. Underlined phrase: hell bent at getting. Options: hell bent on getting, hell bent for getting, hell bent about getting, no improvement. The intended meaning is that the employees are extremely determined to obtain what they deserve. Concept / Approach: "Hell bent" is an informal expression meaning extremely determined or stubbornly fixed on achieving something, often despite risks. The correct preposition that follows this phrase is "on". The standard pattern is "hell bent on doing something." Other prepositions such as "at," "for," or "about" do not form a correct idiomatic expression with "hell bent." Therefore, we must choose the option that uses "on" followed by the gerund "getting." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the intended idea: the employees are strongly determined to get what is due to them.Step 2: Recall the fixed phrase from common usage: "hell bent on doing something."Step 3: Compare this pattern with option A "hell bent on getting," which matches exactly.Step 4: Examine option B "hell bent for getting," which is not a recognised expression in standard English.Step 5: Examine option C "hell bent about getting," which again sounds unnatural and incorrect.Step 6: Recognise that "no improvement" would leave the incorrect preposition "at" in place, so it cannot be chosen. Verification / Alternative Check: Test the options in the full sentence: "The employees are hell bent on getting what is due to them" is clear and idiomatic. If you substitute "for," "about," or "at," the sentence becomes unnatural and non-standard. You can also compare with similar sentences, such as "He was hell bent on winning the match" or "They are hell bent on revenge." In all these examples "on" is the only acceptable preposition, confirming that option A is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Hell bent for getting" and "hell bent about getting" do not occur as standard expressions. English does not pair "hell bent" with "for" or "about" to convey determination. "Hell bent at getting" in the original sentence is grammatically wrong and sounds awkward. "No improvement" must therefore be rejected. These distractors are present to test whether you actually know the collocation or are merely guessing. Common Pitfalls: Many learners rely on general preposition rules, thinking that "at" might work because people are often "good at doing something." However, idiomatic expressions often override general rules. The safest strategy is to learn common phrases like "bent on," "keen on," "fond of," and specifically "hell bent on" as fixed pairs. When you see one in an exam, you can then immediately recall the correct preposition and avoid confusion. Final Answer: The improved sentence is: "The employees are hell bent on getting what is due to them."

Question 3

In this sentence improvement question, choose the correct adjective to replace "populous" in the sentence: "The new book written by Vikram Seth has become very populous."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence improvement question tests your ability to distinguish between similar-looking English words that have different meanings. The sentence given is "The new book written by Vikram Seth has become very populous." The idea is to say that the book is widely liked or enjoyed, but the word "populous" is typically used for places, not books. You must choose the correct adjective that fits naturally with "book" and expresses the intended meaning. Given Data / Assumptions: Original sentence: The new book written by Vikram Seth has become very populous. Underlined word: populous. Options: populist, popular, populace, no improvement. The context indicates that the book has gained wide acceptance or admiration. Concept / Approach: "Populous" means having a large population and is usually used with countries, cities, states or regions. It is not used to describe books or other cultural products. "Popular" means liked or enjoyed by many people and is the correct adjective for books, movies, songs and so on. "Populist" is linked to a political style that claims to represent ordinary people, and "populace" is a noun meaning the general public. So "popular" is the only option that gives the right meaning and grammatical form. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the intended meaning: the book has become widely liked or successful among readers.Step 2: Recall that "popular" is the standard adjective used for such cases, as in "a popular novel" or "a popular song."Step 3: Examine "populous," which describes places crowded with people, such as "a populous city," and note that it does not fit with "book."Step 4: Examine "populist," which refers to a political leader or approach, and see that it has no connection with books gaining readers.Step 5: Examine "populace," which is a noun, not an adjective, meaning the ordinary people in a country.Step 6: Select "popular" as the correct option and reject "no improvement" because the original adjective is misused. Verification / Alternative Check: Replace the underlined word with each option. "The new book written by Vikram Seth has become very popular" sounds natural and matches common usage. "Has become very populous" would mean the book is full of people, which is nonsense. "Has become very populist" might apply to a politician or speech but not a book in this general context. "Has become very populace" is grammatically wrong because "populace" is not an adjective. This test clearly confirms that "popular" is the correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Populous" collocates with geographical entities and cannot sensibly describe a book's reception. "Populist" is primarily political and refers to ideology, campaigns or leaders, not to general popularity of a work of art. "Populace" is a noun referring to people collectively and cannot function as an adjective modifying "book." "No improvement" would leave an incorrect and misleading word in place, so it must be rejected. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes choose "populous" because they see the common root "popul" and assume all related words mean "well liked." To avoid this, it is useful to learn word families with examples: "popular book," "populous city," "populist leader," "the general populace." Connecting each word to a typical noun clarifies its correct usage. Recognising that exams frequently test such confusable pairs will encourage you to pay extra attention to context and collocation. Final Answer: The improved sentence is: "The new book written by Vikram Seth has become very popular."

Question 4

In this sentence improvement question about past events, choose the correct verb form to complete the question: "Where _____ you first meet your husband?"

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Tense and auxiliary usage in questions is a classic area tested in sentence improvement questions. The original sentence is "Where have you first met your husband?" which is not standard English because it mixes the present perfect "have met" with the adverb "first" in a way that does not sound natural. You must select the correct auxiliary and verb form to ask about a completed event at a specific time in the past. Given Data / Assumptions: Original sentence: Where have you first met your husband? Options: had you first met, did you first met, did you first meet, no improvement. The question refers to a definite time in the past when the speaker and her husband first met. In English, specific past time questions usually take the simple past with "did." Concept / Approach: When asking about a specific event in the past, especially "the first time" something happened, English uses the simple past tense formed with "did" plus the base form of the verb. The correct structure is "Where did you first meet your husband?" Present perfect "have met" is used for unspecified past experiences like "Have you ever met him?" not for precise first-time events. Past perfect "had met" is normally used when referring to a time before another past action and is not suitable in a simple question like this. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the question is about a specific past event: the very first meeting with the husband.Step 2: Recall the rule that questions about specific past times use "did" plus base verb, as in "Where did you go yesterday?"Step 3: Construct the correct pattern: "Where did you first meet your husband?"Step 4: Compare this pattern with option C "did you first meet," which matches exactly.Step 5: Evaluate option A "had you first met," which uses past perfect unnecessarily and also sounds unnatural in a direct question of this type.Step 6: Evaluate option B "did you first met," which wrongly combines auxiliary "did" with the past form "met" instead of the base "meet," and reject "no improvement" because the original is incorrect. Verification / Alternative Check: Try using each option in the full sentence. "Where did you first meet your husband?" is grammatical and natural. "Where had you first met your husband?" might only appear in a complex narrative context and still sounds odd. "Where did you first met your husband?" is clearly wrong because after "did" we must use "meet." The original "Where have you first met your husband?" does not follow standard usage, since "have you met" is used for life experiences without specifying a particular first time. This confirms that option C is the correct improvement. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Had you first met" in option A misuses the past perfect, which is used for actions completed before another past action, not for a simple isolated event. Option B breaks the rule that after "did" we always use the base form of the verb, never the past form. "No improvement" would keep an incorrect present perfect structure that does not match the meaning of the sentence. All three incorrect options either break grammatical rules or use the wrong tense for the context. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes treat "have" in "have you met" as if it were similar to "did" and also confuse the patterns for present perfect and simple past. A good way to avoid confusion is to remember that "did" always works with the base form of the verb and is used for finished actions at specific times, whereas present perfect like "have met" is used for experiences without mentioning exactly when. Applying this simple rule will help you handle similar exam questions with confidence. Final Answer: The corrected question is: "Where did you first meet your husband?"

Question 5

In this reading comprehension question on ancient Egypt, choose the correct answer to: "Egyptians appreciated the cat's ability to destroy _____."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This reading comprehension question focuses on a passage about how ancient Egyptians regarded cats. Good comprehension requires careful reading of specific details rather than guessing from general knowledge. The relevant sentence in the passage states that Egyptians appreciated a particular ability of cats related to pests, and you must identify exactly which creatures they valued cats for destroying. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage explains that ancient Egyptians kept grass snakes and weasels before cats. It states that these earlier animals could not cope with hordes of rats invading from Asia. The passage directly says Egyptians highly appreciated the cat's ability to destroy rodents. The options mention snakes, weasels, houses and rodents. Concept / Approach: Reading comprehension questions often test attention to detail. Instead of relying on general knowledge that cats catch rats, you should go back to the original sentence in the passage. It does not simply mention rats but uses a more general term that includes rats and similar animals. Identifying this term and matching it to the options ensures that your answer is based on the text, which is what examiners expect. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Locate the key sentence in the passage: "Ancient Egyptians, for example, highly appreciated the cat's ability to destroy rodents."Step 2: Notice that the specific word used for what cats destroy is "rodents," not just rats.Step 3: Remember that rodents include rats, mice and similar small gnawing animals.Step 4: Compare this with the options: snakes, weasels, houses and rodents.Step 5: Recognise that snakes and weasels were actually kept before cats and proved ineffective, so they are not what cats destroyed in the passage.Step 6: Observe that "houses" makes no sense in this context, and choose "rodents" as the exact word used in the passage. Verification / Alternative Check: If you reread the paragraph, you will see clearly that grass snakes and weasels were used earlier as pest controllers but could not cope with the invading rats. This is the reason Egyptians later valued cats, which were more effective. The sentence explicitly states "ability to destroy rodents," confirming that "rodents" is not an inferred answer but a direct quotation from the passage. No other option matches that exact wording. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Snakes are mentioned in the passage, but Egyptians had kept grass snakes themselves as helpers, and these animals were not the target of cats. Weasels are also mentioned as earlier house animals, not as pests. Houses appear only as locations where these animals were kept and obviously are not something Egyptians wanted cats to destroy. Choosing any of these options would show that the reader has mixed up the roles of the different animals rather than following the passage carefully. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake in comprehension is to answer from background knowledge instead of the given text. Because most people know that cats kill rats, some candidates might jump to that conclusion. However, the passage deliberately uses the more general term "rodents" and the exam tests whether you notice and respect that choice of word. Training yourself always to look back at the passage for exact wording will increase your accuracy in such questions. Final Answer: According to the passage, Egyptians appreciated the cat's ability to destroy rodents.

Question 6

In this reading comprehension question on ancient Egypt, choose the correct answer to: "The cat was considered to be a _____."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The passage explains how ancient Egyptians viewed cats, describing their practical value and religious status. To answer this question, you must identify exactly how cats were ranked or classified in Egyptian culture according to the passage. The question asks: "The cat was considered to be a _____." This is a detail-based question that can be answered by locating and interpreting a specific sentence. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage states that cats were very useful in controlling rodents. It then says that "the cat, a very useful animal, was ranked as a sacred animal and one of the most important animals, too." Options include sacred animal, goddess, symbol of peace and symbol of fertility. We must pick the option that matches the passage wording accurately. Concept / Approach: Good comprehension requires distinguishing between what the passage says directly and what it says about related figures. In the text, the goddess Bast is associated with cats and is portrayed as a woman with a cat's head, but the cat itself is not a goddess. The passage explicitly uses the phrase "sacred animal" for the cat. It does not refer to cats as symbols of peace or fertility, even though Bast is linked to fertility. Therefore, the answer must be taken from the sentence that directly classifies the cat. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Find the line in the passage describing the cat's status: "So the cat, a very useful animal, was ranked as a sacred animal and one of the most important animals, too."Step 2: Note the phrase "ranked as a sacred animal," which clearly describes how Egyptians considered cats.Step 3: Compare this with option A "sacred animal," which matches exactly.Step 4: Examine option B "goddess," noting that the passage reserves this term for Bast, not for every cat.Step 5: Examine options C and D, "symbol of peace" and "symbol of fertility," which are not phrases used for the cat in the text.Step 6: Conclude that "sacred animal" is the correct answer because it accurately reflects the passage. Verification / Alternative Check: If you reread the section about Bast, you will see that she is described as the goddess of the Moon, fertility and childbirth and portrayed as a woman with a cat's head. This indicates that the goddess is associated with cats, but the cat itself remains a sacred animal. At no point does the passage call the cat a goddess or a symbol of peace. It also does not label the cat as a symbol of fertility, despite the goddess's role. This confirms that only "sacred animal" directly matches the description. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, goddess, confuses the status of Bast with the status of ordinary cats. Bast is the goddess; cats are her sacred animals. Options C and D introduce concepts such as peace and fertility as symbols of the cat, which the passage never mentions. These choices are likely included to test whether you read the passage closely or only grab keywords like "fertility." Since the question is about how the cat was considered, we must stick to the exact wording "sacred animal." Common Pitfalls: One common error is confusing associated ideas with explicit statements. Because the goddess linked to cats has fertility in her domain, some readers assume that the cat must be a symbol of fertility. Another trap is to overgeneralise and say that the cat is a goddess. To avoid such mistakes, always ask whether the phrase you choose actually appears in the passage or is clearly paraphrasing a specific sentence. This habit will greatly improve your accuracy in comprehension questions. Final Answer: According to the passage, the cat was considered to be a sacred animal.

Question 7

In this vocabulary question based on the passage, choose the option that gives the opposite of the word "votaries" as used in the text.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Within the passage about ancient Egyptians and cats, the word "votaries" appears to describe people connected with the temples of the goddess Bast. This vocabulary question asks for the opposite, or antonym, of "votaries" in that context. To answer correctly, you must first understand what "votaries" means and then select the option that represents a person with an opposite attitude or role. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage states that cats had their own priests and votaries. "Votaries" in religious contexts are devoted followers or worshippers of a deity. The options are enthusiast, critic, adherent and fanatic. We must choose the one that is most clearly opposite in meaning. Concept / Approach: "Votary" is a noun meaning a devoted follower, supporter or worshipper of a particular religion, cause or person. In this passage, votaries are people who are strongly attached to the goddess Bast and her sacred cats. The opposite of such a follower would be someone who does not support or admire the subject but instead opposes or finds fault with it. Among the options, "critic" best captures this sense of an opposing or disapproving person. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Interpret "votaries" as used in the passage: devoted worshippers or followers associated with the temple.Step 2: Summarise the meaning simply as supporters or adherents who are positively committed.Step 3: Examine option A "enthusiast," which is a person who shows intense interest or enjoyment and is therefore similar in meaning, not opposite.Step 4: Examine option C "adherent," which directly means follower or supporter and again is close in meaning to "votary."Step 5: Examine option D "fanatic," which means an excessively enthusiastic and often unreasonably intense follower, also similar rather than opposite.Step 6: Examine option B "critic," which refers to a person who finds fault, judges or disapproves, which is the opposite attitude to that of a devoted follower. Verification / Alternative Check: Imagine sentences such as "He is a votary of classical music" versus "He is a critic of classical music." The first sentence implies devotion and admiration, while the second implies evaluation and possibly disapproval. Enthusiast, adherent and fanatic all imply strong positive involvement with something, so they cannot be antonyms. In contrast, critic indicates a person who questions, judges or opposes, which serves as a natural opposite to devoted follower. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Enthusiast suggests excitement and admiration, which are very close to the feelings of a votary. Adherent is almost a synonym, as it literally means follower or supporter of a cause or leader. Fanatic is an extreme type of follower whose commitment is intense and sometimes irrational, again on the same side as "votary." None of these words expresses opposition or lack of devotion. Only "critic" captures the opposite concept of someone who questions or disapproves. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates confuse "votary" with "voter" and then choose an option randomly. Others in a hurry may mistakenly pick "fanatic," thinking the exam is asking for a stronger synonym rather than an antonym. To avoid such errors, always read the question carefully: when it asks for "opposite" or "antonym," you must search consciously for a word that stands against the original, not just another word from the same semantic family. Also, remember that context here is religious devotion, which makes "critic" a natural opposite of "worshipper." Final Answer: The word opposite in meaning to "votaries" is Critic.

Question 8

In this vocabulary question based on the passage, choose the option that best gives the meaning of the word "deification" as used in the text.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The passage mentions that man's attitude to animals moved from practicality to adoration and deification, and then to hatred. This vocabulary question asks for the meaning of the word "deification" in that sequence. To answer correctly, you must notice the context in which the word appears and recall its root related to "deity." Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence links "adoration and deification" as stages in human attitudes. "Deity" means a god or goddess. The options include highly valuable, take pride, act of treating as God, devotees. We must choose the option that fits both the word's root and the context of worship. Concept / Approach: "Deification" comes from the Latin root related to "deus," meaning "god." It refers to the act of making someone or something into a god in people's minds or treating them with god-like reverence. In the passage, after humans begin to adore certain animals, they go further and start to deify them, that is, to treat them as divine. This matches the idea of the "act of treating as God." The other options talk about value, pride or devotees, which relate to respect or followers but not to turning someone or something into a deity. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Break down the word "deification": "dei" or "dei-" suggests god, and "-fication" suggests making or turning into.Step 2: Interpret it as the process of making something into a god or treating it as divine.Step 3: Look at the passage sequence: from indifference to adoration and deification, meaning humans move from simple liking to actual worship.Step 4: Compare this with option C "act of treating as God," which matches both the root meaning and the context.Step 5: Examine option A "highly valuable," which could fit adoration but does not capture the religious idea of divinity.Step 6: Examine option B "take pride" and option D "devotees," neither of which means turning something into a god. Verification / Alternative Check: Consider typical uses of the term: historians may write about the "deification of emperors" in certain cultures, meaning they were worshipped as gods after death. You can paraphrase this as the act of treating them as gods, not simply valuing them highly. The passage describes animals being moved into the category of sacred beings, which again corresponds to being deified. Substituting "highly valuable" or "take pride" into the sentence would weaken or distort its religious meaning. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Highly valuable" describes importance or worth but lacks the religious element and does not involve turning something into a god. "Take pride" refers to personal feelings of satisfaction and does not relate to worship. "Devotees" are people who worship or follow a deity, but the word describes the followers, not the process of making something divine. The question asks specifically for the meaning of "deification," which is a process or act, not a group of people or a general emotion. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes think of "deification" as simply meaning extreme admiration and choose "highly valuable" or "take pride." Others may confuse it with "devotees" because both appear in religious discussions. To avoid such errors, pay attention to word parts: "dei" for god and "-fication" for making or forming. Recognising such roots is especially helpful in vocabulary questions where words are derived from Latin or Greek, as is common in exam English. Final Answer: The word "deification" means the act of treating someone or something as God.

Question 9

In this synonym question, choose the word that best expresses the meaning of the adjective "NONPLUSSED".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Synonym questions require you to match a given word with another word of similar meaning. "Nonplussed" is an adjective that appears in formal writing and exams. It describes a state of confusion or bewilderment, where a person does not know how to react. To answer correctly, you must recognise this meaning and choose the option that captures the same idea. Given Data / Assumptions: The target word is "NONPLUSSED". Options are INJURIOUS, ABUSIVE, PUZZLED, ENORMOUS. We are asked to choose the word that best expresses the meaning of "NONPLUSSED". We assume standard British and Indian English meanings. Concept / Approach: "Nonplussed" means so surprised, confused or puzzled that one is not sure how to react or what to say. It does not refer to physical harm, verbal insult or size. Among the options, "puzzled" clearly describes a similar mental state of confusion or lack of understanding. The other words belong to completely different semantic fields: "injurious" to harm, "abusive" to insults and "enormous" to size. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the definition of "nonplussed": bewildered, perplexed or at a loss.Step 2: Identify the option that shares this sense of confusion, which is "puzzled."Step 3: Examine "injurious," which means causing harm or injury, usually physical or moral, and see that it does not relate to confusion.Step 4: Examine "abusive," which means using cruel or insulting language, not being confused.Step 5: Examine "enormous," which describes something very large in size, again unrelated to mental state.Step 6: Confirm that "puzzled" is the only word matching the idea of being nonplussed. Verification / Alternative Check: Insert "puzzled" into a typical sentence containing "nonplussed." For example, "He was nonplussed by the unexpected question" becomes "He was puzzled by the unexpected question," which keeps the meaning intact. If you use "injurious," "abusive" or "enormous" in that sentence, it becomes absurd. This substitution test confirms that "puzzled" is the correct synonym in exam context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Injurious" focuses on causing damage or harm and usually modifies things like comments, substances or actions. "Abusive" describes behaviour or language that is insulting, not confused. "Enormous" strictly refers to great size or extent. None of these words refers to a mental state of not knowing what to do or say. They are semantic distractors designed to test whether you truly know the word "nonplussed" rather than guessing based on familiarity or length. Common Pitfalls: Some learners wrongly believe "nonplussed" means "unbothered" or "unimpressed," which can lead them to eliminate "puzzled." This misunderstanding comes from occasional informal misuses. In formal exam English, however, "nonplussed" means confused or bewildered. To avoid confusion, link "nonplussed" in your memory with situations where someone is so surprised that they are momentarily speechless, which is very close to "puzzled." Final Answer: The word that best expresses the meaning of "NONPLUSSED" is PUZZLED.

Question 10

In this antonym question, choose the word that is opposite in meaning to "VISIONARY".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Antonym questions test whether you understand the meaning of a word deeply enough to identify its opposite. "Visionary" is often used to describe a person who imagines future possibilities and plans based on ideal or imaginative thinking. The opposite would be someone who focuses strictly on practical realities. Recognising this contrast between imagination and practicality is the key to solving this question. Given Data / Assumptions: The target word is "VISIONARY". The options are REALIST, ARTIST, IDEALIST, SOCIALIST. The question asks for the word that is opposite in meaning. We assume common usage from leadership, business and politics contexts. Concept / Approach: "Visionary" describes someone who has strong, original ideas about the future and who often focuses on idealistic goals rather than immediate practical constraints. The natural opposite is "realist," a person who accepts and deals with things as they really are, focusing on practical facts rather than dreams. Artist, idealist and socialist describe other categories of people but do not express the opposite attitude to visionary thinking. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Restate the meaning of "visionary" as someone guided by powerful ideas or dreams about the future.Step 2: Recognise that the opposite attitude is one that emphasises hard facts and present realities over dreams, which is the meaning of "realist."Step 3: Examine "artist," which refers to someone involved in creative arts and is not conceptually opposite to visionary; many artists are visionary themselves.Step 4: Examine "idealist," which is actually similar to visionary, emphasising high ideals rather than practical limits.Step 5: Examine "socialist," which refers to a person who believes in or supports socialism, an economic and political ideology, not an attitude toward reality versus vision.Step 6: Conclude that "realist" is the only option that expresses a contrasting mindset to "visionary." Verification / Alternative Check: Consider typical contrasts used in everyday language: people often speak of a "visionary leader" versus a "realist manager." A visionary leader proposes bold, imaginative plans, while a realist focuses on feasibility, constraints and current conditions. Phrases like "He is more of a realist than a visionary" show that the two are often treated as opposites. Substituting "artist," "idealist" or "socialist" into that phrase does not produce a natural opposition. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Artist" simply describes a profession or role and can itself involve visionary qualities, so it is not opposite. "Idealist" emphasises belief in high principles or ideals and is very close in meaning to visionary. In many contexts, these words overlap more than they contrast. "Socialist" belongs to the political domain and has nothing to do with the contrast between imaginative future-thinking and practical realism. None of these three options captures the conceptual opposite the way "realist" does. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates pick "idealist" because they misread the question as asking for a related word instead of an opposite. Others choose "artist" simply because vision and creativity seem connected. To avoid this, always re-check whether the question is about synonyms or antonyms. When it says "opposite in meaning," you must look for a word that would naturally be placed on the other side of a comparison, such as "visionary versus realist." Final Answer: The word opposite in meaning to "VISIONARY" is REALIST.

Question 11

In this spelling question, four similar-looking words are given; choose the correctly spelt form meaning confusion or loss of one's sense of direction.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Spelling questions often test words built from a root plus prefixes and suffixes. The target word here describes a state of confusion or loss of a sense of direction. Learners must choose among four similar spellings. Understanding how the word is formed from "orient" and the standard prefix "dis-" is crucial to identifying the correct spelling: "disorientation." Given Data / Assumptions: The four options are Desorientation, Disorientetion, Dysorientation and Disorientation. The intended word means confusion or loss of direction, as in "altitude sickness can cause disorientation." The base verb is "orient" and the noun form is "disorientation." We must pick the standard dictionary spelling. Concept / Approach: The correct spelling uses the prefix "dis-" meaning "not" or "reverse," added to "orientation," which itself comes from "orient." The full noun is "disorientation." There is no extra "e" after "t" as in "disorientetion," and "des-" or "dys-" are different prefixes with other meanings. Therefore, the only correctly spelt form among the options is "Disorientation." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise the base word "orientation," which refers to determining position or direction.Step 2: Note that the opposite state is "disorientation," formed by adding the prefix "dis-" to "orientation."Step 3: Examine option D "Disorientation," which matches this pattern exactly and follows standard spelling rules.Step 4: Examine option A "Desorientation," which uses the prefix "des-," not "dis-," and is not standard in English.Step 5: Examine option B "Disorientetion," which includes an extra "te" sequence and does not reflect the correct noun form.Step 6: Examine option C "Dysorientation," which uses "dys-" meaning "bad" or "difficult," a prefix sometimes seen in medical terms, but the recognised everyday noun is "disorientation." Verification / Alternative Check: You can confirm the correct spelling by thinking of related words. For instance, the verb "to disorient" takes the suffix "-ation" to form "disorientation." The sequence is disorient plus ation, giving disorientation. There is no extra "te" in the middle. Also, compare with similar pairs like "organise" and "organisation," which show a similar pattern. Reading the word aloud, "dis-orien-tation," matches option D's structure. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Desorientation" starts with "des-" which is not the usual prefix used with "orient." English uses "disorient" not "desorient" in this sense. "Disorientetion" inserts an extra "te" before the final "-tion," making the word clumsy and incorrect. "Dysorientation" may look technical, but in standard English dictionaries the everyday word is "disorientation," especially in exam contexts like this. These spellings are included to test your familiarity with common prefix-suffix combinations. Common Pitfalls: Because the pronunciation includes a "t" sound before "ation," some learners mistakenly think the spelling must also have an extra "t" or "te." Others confuse "dis-" and "dys-" prefixes. To avoid such mistakes, remember the sequence "disorient" plus "ation" as a building-block pattern. Practising similar constructions helps you recognise the correct spelling quickly in exam conditions without overthinking. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word is Disorientation.

Question 12

In this error-spotting question, identify which part of the sentence has an error in standard English usage: "I will not (A) / stay here another minute (B) / if I can help it! (C) / No Error (D)".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Error-spotting questions present a complete sentence divided into labelled parts and ask you to decide which part, if any, contains a grammatical or usage error. In this sentence, "I will not (A) / stay here another minute (B) / if I can help it! (C) / No Error (D)", you must judge whether any of the three textual parts A, B or C contain a mistake, or whether the sentence is fully correct, in which case you choose D. Given Data / Assumptions: Part A: "I will not". Part B: "stay here another minute". Part C: "if I can help it!". Option D represents "No Error". The full sentence expresses strong refusal to remain somewhere any longer, provided the speaker has the ability to leave. Concept / Approach: The idiom "if I can help it" means "if I can possibly prevent it." The entire sentence "I will not stay here another minute if I can help it" is a perfectly natural and correct way of saying "I absolutely do not want to stay and will leave as soon as possible if it is within my control." Each part obeys standard grammar: the future negative "will not," the phrase "stay here another minute," and the conditional clause "if I can help it." Because there is no grammatical, structural or idiomatic error, the correct choice is "No Error." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Analyse part A "I will not." This is a correct future tense negative form and needs no change.Step 2: Analyse part B "stay here another minute." The verb "stay" correctly follows "will not," and "another minute" is a natural expression of a small amount of time. There is no mistake.Step 3: Analyse part C "if I can help it!" This is a standard idiom meaning "if it is possible for me to avoid it," and the grammar is correct.Step 4: Combine the three parts into the full sentence to check overall sense: "I will not stay here another minute if I can help it!"Step 5: Confirm that the sentence is idiomatic, coherent and grammatically sound.Step 6: Since none of A, B or C contains an error, select part D "No Error" as the answer. Verification / Alternative Check: To verify, compare with similar sentences in everyday English such as "I will not talk to him again if I can help it" or "I am not going to miss this chance if I can help it." The structure and idiom are the same. If we tried altering any part, for example changing "another minute" to "other minute" or "if I can help it" to "if I could help it," the sentence would become incorrect or change meaning. Because the original sentence matches standard patterns, it must be treated as error free. Why Other Options Are Wrong: If you choose A, B or C, you must point to a specific grammatical rule being violated, but none of these parts actually breaks any rule. Part A uses correct future tense; part B has proper verb-object structure and time phrase; part C uses a well-established idiom with the correct modal "can." Therefore, marking any of A, B or C as erroneous would be unjustified. The whole sentence reads smoothly and naturally, so "No Error" is the only defensible choice. Common Pitfalls: Many candidates assume that there must always be an error somewhere and avoid choosing "No Error." Others may be unfamiliar with the idiom "if I can help it" and suspect that the modal verb is wrong. In competitive exams, however, some sentences are deliberately correct to test whether you can resist the urge to over-correct. The best strategy is to check each part carefully and, if you find nothing wrong, confidently select the "No Error" option. Final Answer: The sentence is grammatically correct, so the correct choice is D (No Error).

Question 13

In this error-spotting question, identify which part of the sentence contains an error: "Roger dressed (A) / in is best shirt, (B) / silver tie and black jacket (C) / No Error (D)".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Error-spotting questions not only test grammar but also your ability to detect small slips such as missing letters or wrong pronouns. The sentence given is "Roger dressed (A) / in is best shirt, (B) / silver tie and black jacket (C) / No Error (D)." At first glance, the sentence almost looks correct, but there is a subtle error in one part that you must identify. Given Data / Assumptions: Part A: "Roger dressed". Part B: "in is best shirt,". Part C: "silver tie and black jacket". Part D: "No Error". We are looking for an error in spelling or grammar that affects meaning. Concept / Approach: The idea is that Roger is wearing his best shirt, a silver tie and a black jacket. The problem appears in part B, where "is" is used instead of "his." The correct possessive pronoun before "best shirt" should be "his" to show that the shirt belongs to Roger. Apart from this, the sentence structure is correct: "Roger dressed in his best shirt, silver tie and black jacket." Therefore, the error lies in part B and that is the answer. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part A "Roger dressed." This is a correct and complete subject-verb combination indicating he got dressed.Step 2: Read part B "in is best shirt," and check each word carefully.Step 3: Recognise that "is best shirt" should be "his best shirt" for correct possession.Step 4: Confirm that "is" is a verb form and cannot function as a possessive determiner before "best shirt."Step 5: Read part C "silver tie and black jacket" and note that it smoothly continues the list of clothing items.Step 6: Since only part B contains an error, choose "B" as the answer. Verification / Alternative Check: Rewrite the sentence correctly as a whole: "Roger dressed in his best shirt, silver tie and black jacket." This version sounds natural and grammatical. If we kept "is" in the sentence, it would read "Roger dressed in is best shirt," which is clearly wrong. No other part of the sentence shows an issue with tense, agreement or punctuation, so all evidence points toward part B as the erroneous portion. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part A contains a simple past verb "dressed" and is perfectly acceptable. Part C correctly lists two more clothing items joined by "and," and its structure is fine. Part D "No Error" would be correct only if all three sentence parts were error free, which they are not because of the misused "is" in part B. Therefore, A, C and D cannot be chosen as they either misidentify the error or deny that an error exists. Common Pitfalls: Because "is" and "his" are very similar in appearance and pronunciation, some candidates read quickly and overlook the missing "h." Others assume that exam errors must be more complex and search for a tense or preposition mistake instead of checking pronouns. The best strategy is to read each part slowly and aloud in your mind, listening for anything that sounds wrong. Simple slips like incorrect pronouns are common in competitive exams and can be easy marks if you focus carefully. Final Answer: The error is in part B; it should read "in his best shirt," so the correct answer is B.

Question 14

In this error-spotting question, identify which part of the sentence contains an error: "They are looking forward (A) / to meet (B) / their parents (C) / No Error (D)".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This error-spotting question checks your knowledge of verb patterns that follow certain fixed expressions. The sentence reads "They are looking forward (A) / to meet (B) / their parents (C) / No Error (D)." The phrase "looking forward to" is very common, but the form of the verb that follows "to" in this expression is often misused. Spotting this type of error requires familiarity with gerund usage. Given Data / Assumptions: Part A: "They are looking forward". Part B: "to meet". Part C: "their parents". Part D: "No Error". The intended meaning is that they are eagerly waiting to see their parents. Concept / Approach: The expression "look forward to" is always followed by a gerund (verb plus ing) or a noun, not by a bare infinitive. Correct examples include "looking forward to meeting you" and "looking forward to the holidays." The "to" in this phrase is a preposition, not the "to" of the infinitive. Therefore, the correct form after "to" is "meeting," not "meet." This means the error occurs in part B of the sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise "are looking forward" in part A as the present continuous form of the phrasal verb "look forward," which is correct.Step 2: Recall the pattern "look forward to" plus gerund or noun.Step 3: Examine part B "to meet" and note that "meet" is the base form, not the gerund "meeting."Step 4: Identify this as a violation of the required pattern; it should be "to meeting."Step 5: Check part C "their parents," which correctly completes the object of "meeting" and has no error.Step 6: Conclude that part B is the incorrect segment and must be marked as the error. Verification / Alternative Check: Rewrite the sentence correctly as "They are looking forward to meeting their parents." This version is idiomatic and grammatically correct. If we keep "to meet," the sentence sounds wrong to a native speaker. You can also compare with other standard examples: "I am looking forward to seeing you," not "to see you." These comparisons confirm that the correct structure always uses the gerund after "looking forward to." Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part A uses the correct progressive form "are looking forward" and contains no error. Part C "their parents" is a correct noun phrase serving as the object of "meeting" in the corrected sentence. Part D "No Error" would imply that nothing is wrong in the sentence, which is not true because part B uses the wrong verb form. Therefore, A, C and D cannot be the correct answer. Common Pitfalls: Many learners assume that any "to" before a verb indicates the infinitive and therefore write "to meet," "to go" or "to see" after similar expressions. However, some expressions use "to" as a preposition, which must be followed by a gerund or noun. Examples include "look forward to," "be used to," and "admit to." Remembering these fixed patterns and practising them in sentences will help you avoid this frequent exam trap. Final Answer: The error is in part B; it should be "to meeting," so the correct answer is B.

Question 15

In the following sentence, choose the most appropriate expression to complete the blank so that the sentence is grammatically correct and natural in standard English: You are ____ common sense.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This English grammar question tests knowledge of standard collocations in modern usage, particularly the correct prepositional phrase after the verb be when describing the absence of something. Learners often confuse phrases like lacking of, lacking in, and devoid of. Only one expression completes the sentence You are ____ common sense in a way that is both grammatically correct and idiomatic in formal English. Understanding such fixed combinations is important for competitive exams and for accurate written and spoken communication. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence to complete is: You are ____ common sense. All options are short phrases that must fit directly after the verb are. The intended meaning is that the person does not have common sense. We assume standard modern British or Indian English usage for exams. We also assume that only one option is fully correct and natural. Concept / Approach: Two key ideas are tested here. First, some adjectives and nouns always take specific prepositions or patterns, called collocations. Second, certain expressions are simply not used in correct English, even if they appear to follow a pattern. The adjectives lacking and devoid both express absence, but they combine with different prepositions. The adjective devoid is followed by of, while lacking is usually followed by in or is used without any preposition in some structures. Therefore, we must examine each option and compare it with standard collocations. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the base sentence: You are ____ common sense. Step 2: Test option a: You are lacking of common sense. This is incorrect, because lacking of is not a standard combination. Step 3: Test option b: You are devoid in common sense. This is incorrect, because devoid takes of, not in. Step 4: Test option c: You are devoid of common sense. This is correct and idiomatic and directly means that you do not have common sense. Step 5: Test option d: You are dull of common sense. This sounds unnatural and is not a standard expression. Step 6: Test option e: You are dull on common sense. This is also ungrammatical and not used in standard English. Step 7: Conclude that only devoid of produces a fully correct and natural sentence. Verification / Alternative check: We can cross check by replacing the blank with other known collocations. A very common phrase is He is devoid of emotion or The story is devoid of logic. In each case, the structure is be + devoid of + noun. Replacing common sense into this pattern gives You are devoid of common sense, which fits perfectly. In contrast, native usage never says lacking of; people say lacking in experience or simply lacking experience. This reinforces that devoid of is the single correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option a (lacking of) is wrong because lacking does not take of in this structure. The phrase is ungrammatical. Option b (devoid in) is wrong because devoid must be followed by of, not in. Option d (dull of) is not a recognised collocation and does not convey the intended meaning of lacking common sense. Option e (dull on) is grammatically incorrect and sounds very unnatural. Common Pitfalls: Candidates often rely on direct translation from their first language and try to force a general rule like adjective plus of. However, English contains many fixed expressions that must be learned as they are used by proficient speakers. Another common mistake is assuming that lacking of is parallel to a lack of and therefore acceptable. In reality, a lack of is correct as a noun phrase, but lacking of is not correct as a verb or adjective phrase. Learning the difference between devoid of, full of, short of, and lacking in will reduce such errors. Final Answer: The correct expression that completes the sentence in a grammatically accurate and natural way is devoid of.

Question 16

In the following sentence, choose the most appropriate clause to complete the blank so that the result is expressed correctly: He ran so fast _________.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks understanding of cause and result clauses in English, particularly the pattern so plus adjective or adverb followed by that plus clause. Exam candidates are expected to recognise that He ran so fast introduces a cause and that the following part must express the result in correct tense and structure. Such questions are common in competitive exams because they test grammar, sentence structure, and the ability to distinguish between similar looking connectors like so and that. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence stem is: He ran so fast _________. We need a clause that shows the result of running very fast. Options provide different connectives and verb forms. The context is a past event, indicated by ran. Exactly one option should be fully correct and natural. Concept / Approach: In English, the pattern so plus adverb or adjective plus that plus clause is used to show cause and effect. The structure is: subject + verb + so + adverb or adjective + that + result clause in the appropriate tense. Here, so fast is the cause; the result clause should be in the past tense because the main verb ran is in the past. Options that break this pattern, change the tense inappropriately, or lack a connector needed for a complete clause must be rejected. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the pattern: He ran so fast suggests that a that clause of result should follow. Step 2: Test option a: that he fell. The full sentence becomes He ran so fast that he fell, which is grammatically correct and clearly expresses the result of running very fast. Step 3: Test option b: so he fell. He ran so fast so he fell is awkward because the repetition of so is unnatural; the sentence does not follow the standard result pattern. Step 4: Test option c: he fell. He ran so fast he fell is sometimes heard in speech, but in formal exam English it is considered incomplete without that. Step 5: Test option d: that he is falling. This mixes past and present progressive tenses and does not match the completed event described by ran. Step 6: Test option e: in order that he falls. This expresses purpose rather than result and uses an unsuitable present tense. Step 7: Conclude that option a best fits both the grammar rule and the natural expression of cause and effect. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by comparing with similar sentences. For example: She spoke so softly that nobody heard her or The task was so difficult that many students gave up. In each case, the main verb is in the past tense and the result clause is also in the past. Our sentence He ran so fast that he fell follows exactly the same pattern. Therefore, option a is fully consistent with standard usage and exam expectations. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option b (so he fell) is clumsy and repeats so, which breaks the normal pattern of so fast that. Option c (he fell) lacks the connector that and sounds informal or incomplete for an exam setting. Option d (that he is falling) uses a present continuous tense which does not match the completed past action. Option e (in order that he falls) expresses purpose rather than result and is therefore inappropriate here. Common Pitfalls: Many learners confuse the use of so that for purpose with so adjective that for result. They may also ignore tense consistency and select a present tense result clause after a past verb. Another frequent problem is overlooking the role of that as a conjunction that introduces a full clause. For exam questions, it is important to select the fully standard and formal structure even if a shorter spoken form appears possible. Final Answer: The correct clause to complete the sentence is that he fell.

Question 17

In the following sentence, choose the correct phrasal verb or expression to complete the blank so that the sentence sounds natural and grammatically correct: The doctor has been ____ to attend to an urgent case.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This item is a question on phrasal verbs and typical collocations used when summoning a professional to perform a duty. In everyday and formal English, certain verbs combine with small words like in, on, over, or off to form phrasal verbs with special meanings. For example, call in a doctor means request a doctor to come, while call off means cancel something. The sentence here describes a situation where a doctor is needed urgently, so the correct phrasal verb must reflect this idea. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is: The doctor has been ____ to attend to an urgent case. The context is that someone requested the doctor to come. We assume that the request has already been made, as indicated by has been. The phrase attend to an urgent case confirms that medical help is required. We need the most natural and idiomatic expression. Concept / Approach: Phrasal verbs in English are often fixed and must be learned as set phrases. The verb call has many combinations: call in, call out, call off, call over, and so on. The usual expression when requesting a specialist like a doctor, mechanic, or expert is to call in that person. In passive voice, we say The doctor has been called in. Other combinations either change the meaning completely or do not fit this context. Therefore, we must test each option against actual usage and meaning. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Insert option a: The doctor has been called to attend to an urgent case. This is grammatically acceptable and sometimes used, but the exam usually prefers a phrasal verb in this structure. Step 2: Insert option b: The doctor has been called in to attend to an urgent case. This is a very common and natural expression when someone is summoned to deal with a problem. Step 3: Insert option c: The doctor has been called over to attend to an urgent case. Called over suggests calling someone from a nearby place, not formally requesting a doctor. Step 4: Insert option d: The doctor has been called by to attend to an urgent case. Called by is not used in this way and sounds wrong. Step 5: Insert option e: The doctor has been called off to attend to an urgent case. Call off means cancel, so this makes no sense. Step 6: Compare called and called in and choose the option that best matches the exam focus on phrasal verbs. Verification / Alternative check: We can check by looking at similar examples: A specialist was called in to repair the machine or The manager was called in to resolve the dispute. In each case, called in means requested to come and deal with an issue. The pattern The doctor has been called in to attend to an urgent case matches these examples exactly. This confirms that called in is the best choice among the given options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option a (called) is grammatically possible, but it does not highlight the phrasal verb usage the question is designed to test, and is less specific than called in. Option c (called over) tends to refer to calling someone from a short distance, often informally, and does not fit the formal tone of an urgent medical case. Option d (called by) is incorrect in this context because call by usually means to visit briefly, not to be summoned. Option e (called off) means to cancel something, which is opposite in meaning to what is needed here. Common Pitfalls: Learners often treat all phrasal verbs with call as interchangeable and may choose based on guesswork. Another common mistake is to ignore the subtle difference between call and call in, where the latter has the stronger sense of summoning an expert. To avoid errors, it is useful to associate phrasal verbs with typical collocations, such as call in a doctor, call off a meeting, or call up a friend. Final Answer: The most appropriate phrasal verb in this context is called in.

Question 18

In the following English idiom question, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the phrase to nip in the bud.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines your understanding of a common English idiom, to nip in the bud. Idioms are fixed expressions whose meanings are not always obvious from the individual words. Competitive exams frequently test idioms because they reveal how well a candidate understands natural language, as used by fluent speakers. Knowing the meaning of this idiom helps you describe the idea of stopping a problem early, before it becomes serious. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiom given is: to nip in the bud. We are not talking about real gardening; the expression is used figuratively. Options include both literal and figurative meanings. Exactly one option must capture the standard idiomatic meaning. The context is general English usage. Concept / Approach: Originally, the phrase comes from gardening, where nipping or pinching off a bud prevents a plant from growing in a particular direction. In everyday language, the idiom was extended to mean stopping a problem, habit, or wrong action at a very early stage. The key idea is early prevention. Therefore, the correct option should express stopping something before it develops, rather than any act of cutting flowers in general. We compare each option against this central meaning. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the figurative meaning: to take quick action at an early stage so that a small issue does not grow into a big problem. Step 2: Examine option a: To stop something at the start. This matches the idea of early prevention and fits the known meaning of the idiom. Step 3: Examine option b: To trim the flowers. This is a literal gardening action, not the figurative meaning. Step 4: Examine option c: To pluck the flowers. Again, this refers to removing flowers, not preventing a problem early. Step 5: Examine option d: To steal from a garden. This introduces a completely different idea of theft and has nothing to do with the idiom. Step 6: Examine option e: To decorate with buds. This is unrelated to early prevention or stopping a problem. Step 7: Confirm that only option a correctly captures the figurative use of the expression. Verification / Alternative check: Consider example sentences: The school decided to nip bullying in the bud by enforcing strict rules or If you see signs of corruption, you must nip it in the bud before it spreads. In both sentences, the idiom clearly means to prevent something at a very early stage. The phrase does not literally refer to flowers but uses the garden image to convey quick, decisive action. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option b (To trim the flowers) only captures a possible physical action with plants and misses the figurative sense. Option c (To pluck the flowers) is also purely literal and unrelated to problem prevention. Option d (To steal from a garden) introduces the idea of theft, which has no connection with the idiom. Option e (To decorate with buds) suggests decoration and beauty rather than stopping something harmful early. Common Pitfalls: Some learners mistakenly focus on the words nip and bud and imagine any garden activity as a possible meaning. This leads them to pick options that describe cutting or plucking plants. However, idioms must be remembered as whole units whose meanings develop through usage, not by translating each word separately. It is helpful to associate the idiom with real life examples, such as stopping a bad habit in a child before it grows stronger, to remember the correct meaning. Final Answer: The idiom to nip in the bud means to stop something at the start.

Question 19

In the following English idiom question, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the phrase to put a spoke in the wheel.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on the idiom to put a spoke in the wheel, which is frequently tested in English vocabulary sections. The idiom does not literally refer to bicycle repair but rather to obstructing another person's work or progress. A solid understanding of such idioms helps exam candidates interpret passages correctly and express ideas more precisely in both speech and writing. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiom is: to put a spoke in the wheel. We are asked to choose the best paraphrase among the given options. Options mix literal bicycle related meanings with figurative meanings. The correct answer must reflect standard idiomatic English usage. The context is general English and aptitude exams. Concept / Approach: The wheel image suggests forward movement or progress. A spoke is one of the rods connecting the centre of a wheel to its rim. If someone places an extra spoke or an object in the wheel, it can block movement and cause the wheel to stop or collapse. Figuratively, to put a spoke in the wheel means to create obstacles or interfere with someone's plans so that they cannot move forward smoothly. The correct option should therefore convey an idea of hindrance or obstruction rather than repair or speed. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the accepted figurative meaning: to obstruct, to interfere, or to hinder someone's progress or plan. Step 2: Examine option a: To repair a broken bicycle. This is a literal action and does not suggest hindrance. Step 3: Examine option b: To hinder someone's progress. This directly matches the known meaning of the idiom. Step 4: Examine option c: To trip a rider on purpose. While this could hinder a rider, it is too specific and refers to a physical act rather than a general metaphor for blocking plans. Step 5: Examine option d: To add an extra wheel for safety. This actually implies support, not obstruction. Step 6: Examine option e: To move faster than others. This suggests advantage and speed, opposite to obstruction. Step 7: Conclude that option b is the only choice that broadly and correctly expresses the idiom's standard use. Verification / Alternative check: Consider example sentences such as: Every time he tries to start a new project, someone in the office puts a spoke in the wheel or They put a spoke in her wheel by withholding important documents. In both examples, the idiom clearly refers to deliberate obstruction or interference with progress. This supports the interpretation given in option b. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option a (To repair a broken bicycle) describes maintenance and has nothing to do with blocking plans. Option c (To trip a rider on purpose) is too narrow and literal, and not the way the idiom is used in normal English. Option d (To add an extra wheel for safety) suggests helping, not hindering, and therefore contradicts the idiom's meaning. Option e (To move faster than others) is about gaining speed and advantage, which is the opposite of causing delays. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes concentrate too much on the concrete image of a wheel and a spoke, leading them to think about bicycles and repair work. Idioms, however, must be interpreted based on established usage, not on literal images alone. Another pitfall is selecting an option that feels dramatic or unusual without checking whether it matches typical dictionary definitions. Learning idioms through example sentences and context rather than isolated word translation reduces these mistakes. Final Answer: The idiom to put a spoke in the wheel means to hinder someone's progress.

Question 20

Choose the correct one word substitution for the following description: An act of travelling from one place to another.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question belongs to the category of one word substitutions, a favourite topic in competitive English exams. Test setters provide a descriptive phrase and expect candidates to identify a single word that captures the core meaning. Here the phrase is an act of travelling from one place to another. To answer correctly, you must distinguish between general words connected with order or planning and the specific word that represents movement from one location to another. Given Data / Assumptions: The description is: An act of travelling from one place to another. The context is neutral; it may refer to any distance or purpose. The options include words related to order, travel, and planning. Exactly one option should fit the definition precisely. We assume standard dictionary meanings without specialised technical senses. Concept / Approach: We must match the key parts of the description: act, travelling, and from one place to another. A correct word should name the trip itself. Journey is commonly defined as the act of travelling from one place to another, usually by land, air, or sea. Other words like series, sequence, and programme focus on order or arrangement rather than movement. Excursion usually refers to a short trip, often for pleasure, and is more specific than the general phrase given. Therefore, the most direct and accurate word is journey. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the central idea of the phrase: movement between two places. Step 2: Consider option a, series. This means a number of events or objects of a similar or related kind occurring in order, not travel. Step 3: Consider option b, journey. Standard dictionaries define journey as the act of travelling from one place to another, which exactly matches the phrase. Step 4: Consider option c, sequence. This refers to a particular order in which related things follow each other and does not imply travel. Step 5: Consider option d, programme. This means a plan or schedule of events or activities, and is related to planning, not the travel itself. Step 6: Consider option e, excursion. This is a short trip, especially one for pleasure or education, and is more specific than the general definition provided. Step 7: Conclude that journey most directly and completely covers the given description. Verification / Alternative check: We can check through example sentences: The journey took six hours by train or They began their long journey across the desert. In both examples, journey clearly refers to the act of travelling from one place to another. If we substituted series or programme, the sentences would lose their meaning. Thus journey aligns perfectly with the phrase given in the question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option a, series, focuses on ordered repetition and has no necessary link to movement. Option c, sequence, describes a specific arrangement of items or events, not physical travel. Option d, programme, relates to planning or a schedule of activities and does not describe the movement itself. Option e, excursion, is indeed a type of journey, but the original phrase is more general. Examinations usually expect the most direct dictionary match, which is journey. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes choose a related but narrower term such as excursion because it clearly describes a trip. However, the presence of the word act and the lack of any hint about short duration or pleasure suggest a general definition. It is important to train yourself to look for the closest dictionary style match rather than any vaguely related word. Final Answer: The correct one word substitution is Journey.

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