Question 1

The following question gives three labelled sentence fragments A, B, and C. Select the most logical order of these parts to form a coherent sentence: “So he decided he A-people, hopefully none B-better place with fewer C-would go far away, to a”.

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Introduction: Sentence rearrangement or jumbled sentence questions check a learner's understanding of logical flow, coherence, and grammar. Here, we are given fragments marked A, B, and C that must be placed in the correct sequence after the introductory part So he decided he. The aim is to rebuild a natural, meaningful sentence that clearly expresses the character's decision to move away to a better and calmer place with fewer people. Given Data / Assumptions: - Fixed opening: So he decided he. - Fragment A: people, hopefully none. - Fragment B: better place with fewer. - Fragment C: would go far away, to a. - Four possible orders of A, B, and C are given. Concept / Approach: The solution requires both grammatical and logical reasoning. The auxiliary verb would in fragment C naturally follows decided he. Fragment C also introduces go far away, to a which clearly demands a noun phrase describing a place, supplied by fragment B. Fragment B, in turn, better place with fewer logically leads to fragment A, people, hopefully none, which completes the meaning. Therefore the correct order of fragments is C, then B, then A, producing a smooth, coherent sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Attach fragment C to the fixed opener to check flow: So he decided he would go far away, to a. Step 2: Notice that to a must be followed by a noun phrase describing what kind of place, which we find in fragment B: better place with fewer. Step 3: After better place with fewer, we still need to know fewer what, and fragment A gives people, hopefully none, completing the idea. Step 4: Combining all, the full sentence becomes: So he decided he would go far away, to a better place with fewer people, hopefully none. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full sentence aloud to check grammar and meaning. The tense and word order are correct, and the sentence expresses a clear decision to escape from crowded surroundings. Trying other orders, such as CAB or BCA, leads to awkward or incomplete constructions, which confirms that the correct logical sequence is CBA. Why Other Options Are Wrong: In CAB, the phrase following would go far away does not smoothly introduce the place phrase. In BCA, better place with fewer directly after decided he creates an incomplete verb phrase. In BAC, the order breaks the natural sequence of would go far away, to a better place and sounds grammatically weak. Only CBA maintains both smooth grammar and clear meaning. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes rely only on local grammar of two fragments instead of reading the entire reconstructed sentence. Others ignore cues like would needing a main verb, or to a requiring a noun phrase. Always try to visualise the complete sentence and check for a natural spoken rhythm as well as grammatical correctness. Final Answer: CBA is the correct order of the fragments to form a coherent sentence.

Question 2

In the following English spelling question, four words are given. Select the correctly spelt form of the word meaning “to make someone poor”.

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Introduction: Spelling questions test careful observation and familiarity with common word patterns in English. The word here is the verb that means to make someone poor or to reduce a person or region to poverty. It is often used in economic, social, and political contexts. Selecting the correct spelling ensures clarity in formal writing and prevents misunderstandings in exams and professional communication. Given Data / Assumptions: - Four options resemble the word impoverish. - Only one option represents the correct standard spelling. - The incorrect options contain extra letters, missing letters, or misplaced vowels. - The candidate must know or recognise standard spelling rules. Concept / Approach: The correct word is impoverish, formed from the adjective impoverished and ultimately linked to the noun poverty. The spelling pattern follows im plus pover plus ish. There is a single m, the vowel sequence is po followed by ver, and the ending ish remains unchanged. Spotting extra consonants or swapped vowels helps eliminate wrong spellings. Familiarity with related words like poverty and poor also supports correct recognition. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the standard form of the word meaning to make someone poor, which is impoverish. Step 2: Examine option C, impoverish, and confirm that it matches this memory. Step 3: Compare other options and notice errors like double m, wrong vowel order, or both. Step 4: Choose impoverish as the correctly spelt word. Verification / Alternative check: When we look at dictionaries or reliable text examples, we always find impoverish with a single m and the vowel sequence i m p o v e r i s h. Sentences like Policies that impoverish rural farmers provide further confirmation. None of the alternative spellings appear in standard English references. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, impovarish, wrongly uses the vowel sequence o a instead of o e and changes the root pattern. Option B, immpoverish, incorrectly doubles the consonant m. Option D, immpovarish, combines both the extra m and the faulty vowel order, making it doubly incorrect. These forms would be marked as spelling errors in any formal setting. Common Pitfalls: Examinees sometimes rely only on the sound of a word and overlook root structure. Remember that many English words preserve their root spelling across related forms. Linking impoverish to poverty and poor helps fix the correct spelling in memory. Regular reading and writing also reduce such spelling mistakes in the long term. Final Answer: impoverish is the correctly spelt form of the word meaning to make someone poor.

Question 3

In the following sentence about the word “Macabre”, identify the part that contains a grammatical error. If the sentence is correct, select option 4 for “No error”.

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Introduction: Error spotting questions test a learner's ability to notice mistakes in tense, agreement, prepositions, articles, and sentence structure. The sentence given discusses the origin of the significance of the word Macabre. The task is to identify which numbered part contains a grammatical error or to accept the sentence as correct by choosing the no error option. This tests both knowledge of tense patterns and the correct use of auxiliary verbs with main verbs. Given Data / Assumptions: - Part 1: The word Macabre had been gained its significance from its. - Part 2: use in French as la danse macabre for the allegorical. - Part 3: representation of the universal power of death. - Part 4: No error. - We must choose the segment that contains the error. Concept / Approach: The key issue lies in the phrase had been gained its significance. In English, a subject does not usually take both a passive auxiliary be and an active verb with its own object in this way. The expression should be either had gained its significance, which is active, or had been given its significance, which is passive. As written, had been gained is ungrammatical, so the error is clearly located in the first segment of the sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the verb phrase in Part 1: had been gained its significance. Step 2: Recognise that the structure combines a passive auxiliary been with an active verb gained followed by an object its significance. Step 3: Understand that correct forms would be had gained its significance or had been given its significance. Step 4: Conclude that Part 1 contains the error and mark option 1. Verification / Alternative check: Read the remaining parts of the sentence: from its use in French as la danse macabre for the allegorical representation of the universal power of death. These parts are grammatically sound and clearly express that the French phrase gave the word its powerful association. Only the initial verb phrase breaks standard grammar rules, confirming the choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part 2 correctly uses the preposition in with French and introduces the phrase la danse macabre. Part 3 accurately uses representation of to link the phrase with what it symbolises. Part 4, the no error option, is incorrect because we have already found a definite error in Part 1. Thus only segment 1 has the grammatical mistake. Common Pitfalls: Many candidates are confused by complex verb phrases and may overlook extra auxiliary verbs such as been. It is useful to simplify the sentence mentally and check whether the central verb phrase is active or passive. Whenever both a be form and an active verb appear with the same object, recheck the structure carefully for unnecessary auxiliaries or missing past participles. Final Answer: 1 is the segment that contains the grammatical error in the sentence.

Question 4

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate preposition in the sentence: “She was chatting ______ the cars.”

Accepted Answer

Introduction: Preposition based questions check how naturally a learner uses everyday English expressions. Different verbs collocate, or commonly occur, with specific prepositions. The sentence given describes a woman engaged in conversation where the topic is cars. The correct preposition must show that the cars are the subject of her conversation rather than the people she speaks to or the place where she is sitting. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence: She was chatting ______ the cars. - Four prepositions are offered: of, about, with, on. - The intended meaning is that the conversation concerns cars as the topic. - The verb is chatting, which often takes about to indicate the subject. Concept / Approach: In English, the usual collocation is chat about something when we mention the topic, and chat with someone when we mention the person we speak to. Therefore, if cars are the topic and not the conversation partner, about is the appropriate preposition. The other options either sound unnatural or change the meaning of the sentence in a way that no longer matches ordinary usage. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the verb and the noun that follows the blank: chatting and cars. Step 2: Recall that the common phrase is chat about a subject when we talk regarding a topic. Step 3: Insert each preposition mentally and read the sentence: chatting of the cars, chatting about the cars, chatting with the cars, chatting on the cars. Step 4: Notice that only chatting about the cars sounds natural and grammatically correct in standard English. Verification / Alternative check: Examples from real English support this choice: They were chatting about movies, We spent hours chatting about our plans, and Children love chatting about their favourite games. In all these, about introduces the topic of discussion. The structure perfectly parallels our sentence with cars as the topic. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, of, is not normally used with chat to indicate the topic. Option C, with, is used when mentioning the person as in chatting with her friend, not the subject matter. Option D, on, could appear in some formal contexts with speak on a topic, but chatting on the cars sounds unnatural and is not standard for casual conversation. Hence these alternatives are unsuitable. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes transfer preposition patterns from their first language or overgeneralise from other English verbs, such as talk on a subject. To avoid such errors, it is helpful to learn verbs together with their common prepositions as short phrases, for example talk about, speak about, chat about a topic, and chat with a person. Final Answer: about is the correct preposition to complete the sentence She was chatting about the cars.

Question 5

In the following question, select the option that best expresses the meaning of the word “Naive”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction: Synonym questions evaluate a learner's understanding of word meanings and subtle differences in connotation. The adjective naive is widely used in spoken and written English to describe a person who is simple, innocent, or lacking experience of the world. Selecting the closest meaning helps improve reading comprehension, especially in passages that comment on human behaviour, literature, and social situations. Given Data / Assumptions: - Target word: Naive. - Four options: Sarcastic, Artful, Skeptical, Ingenuous. - Exactly one option must capture the idea of innocence and lack of worldly experience. - The other options express very different attitudes. Concept / Approach: Naive typically means innocent, simple, or lacking in sophistication and worldly wisdom. It can be slightly critical but often also carries a sense of purity. The word ingenuous has a very similar meaning, referring to a person who is honest, open, and free from deceit, often because of simplicity. In contrast, sarcastic involves sharp, mocking remarks, artful suggests cleverness and sometimes trickery, and skeptical indicates doubt and distrust. These do not match naive. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that naive describes a person who is simple, innocent, or not experienced in dealing with complex situations. Step 2: Examine ingenuous and remember that it means innocent, frank, and free of deceit, often due to simplicity. Step 3: Recognise that sarcastic means using irony to mock, which is almost the opposite of naive. Step 4: Note that artful and skeptical both suggest a level of cleverness or doubt, again contradicting the simplicity implied in naive. Step 5: Choose ingenuous as the best synonym. Verification / Alternative check: Consider sentences such as She is still naive about city life and He gave an ingenuous smile. Both describe people who are sincere and not sophisticated in social games. If we try replacing naive with sarcastic or skeptical, the meaning changes completely. Therefore, ingenuous is the only option that preserves the original sense. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Sarcastic describes cutting humour or speech intended to hurt or mock, which is not innocent. Artful means clever, often with an element of deceit or skillful trickery. Skeptical refers to a questioning or doubtful attitude, the opposite of trusting innocence. Because naive suggests trustfulness rather than cunning or doubt, these options are incorrect. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse ingenuous with ingenious. Ingenious means very clever or inventive and is not a synonym of naive. Paying attention to spelling and learning words in clusters of meaning can prevent such confusion. Regular reading of good quality texts also exposes learners to these words in natural contexts. Final Answer: Ingenuous is the correct synonym for the word naive in this question.

Question 6

In the following question, select the option that best expresses the meaning of the word “Surly”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction: This synonym question focuses on the adjective surly, a useful word for describing people's attitudes and behaviour. Surly is commonly used in literature, news reports, and everyday descriptions to indicate a bad tempered, rude, or unwelcoming manner. Knowing its meaning helps readers interpret character descriptions and understand emotional tones in written and spoken English. Given Data / Assumptions: - Target word: Surly. - Options: Sweet, Unfriendly, Clear, Pleasant. - We require the option that closely matches the negative, bad tempered sense of surly. - The other options are neutral or positive in tone. Concept / Approach: Surly means rude, unfriendly, and ill humoured. It describes a person who is not welcoming and often behaves in a gruff or hostile way. Among the options, unfriendly clearly has a negative meaning that aligns with this sense. Sweet and pleasant describe kind, agreeable behaviour, while clear has no direct connection with moods or manners. Therefore, unfriendly is the closest synonym. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that surly is used when someone behaves in a rude or bad tempered fashion, for example a surly waiter or surly driver. Step 2: Compare this meaning with the word unfriendly, which refers to someone who is not warm, kind, or welcoming. Step 3: Notice that sweet and pleasant both suggest positive, gentle behaviour, opposite of surly. Step 4: Observe that clear does not relate to personality or mood at all. Step 5: Select unfriendly as the word that best captures the sense of surly. Verification / Alternative check: Example sentences such as The guard gave us a surly glance or His surly reply ended the conversation early show a cold or hostile attitude. Replacing surly with unfriendly keeps the meaning intact. If we try sweet or pleasant, the tone changes completely to a positive description, confirming that they cannot be synonyms. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Sweet describes a kind, gentle, or lovable nature, which contradicts the negativity of surly. Pleasant similarly refers to someone or something enjoyable and agreeable. Clear usually relates to understanding, visibility, or clarity of sound and does not describe personality. Only unfriendly shares the negative interpersonal tone of the target word. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes overlook emotional tone when choosing synonyms and focus only on general familiarity. It is important to think about whether the original word is positive, negative, or neutral and then match this with the options. Grouping vocabulary into positive and negative categories while studying can make such questions easier in exams. Final Answer: Unfriendly is the correct synonym for surly in this question.

Question 7

In the following question, select the option that is opposite in meaning to the word “Myopic”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction: Antonym questions test whether a learner can correctly identify words with opposite meanings, an important skill for precise reading and listening. The adjective myopic can be used literally for short sighted vision and figuratively for narrow or short term thinking. To choose the correct opposite, we must understand both senses and see which option reverses the core idea of limited vision or outlook. Given Data / Assumptions: - Target word: Myopic. - Options: Blind, Biased, Careless, Farsighted. - We must find the option that expresses the opposite of short sighted or narrow. - The word can refer to physical eyesight or figurative thinking. Concept / Approach: Myopic literally means suffering from short sightedness, where a person can see near objects clearly but distant objects appear blurred. Figuratively, it means lacking imagination, foresight, or long term planning. The natural opposite in both senses is farsighted, which refers to clear vision at long distances and the ability to think ahead or plan for the future. The other options do not reverse this core concept of limited range or foresight. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that myopic describes someone who sees only the near field, either physically or in terms of ideas. Step 2: Look for an option suggesting broad or long range vision and planning. Step 3: Identify farsighted as meaning able to see distant objects clearly and capable of long term planning. Step 4: Confirm that blind, biased, and careless do not express this opposite sense. Step 5: Select farsighted as the antonym. Verification / Alternative check: Use the words in contrastive sentences: A myopic leader focuses only on immediate gains, whereas a farsighted leader plans for future generations. The contrast shows that farsighted is the expected opposite. Blind is not suitable because it indicates no vision at all, not enhanced or extended vision, and biased relates to unfair preference rather than sight or foresight. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Blind describes total or extreme loss of vision, which is not the natural opposite of short sighted. Biased refers to prejudice or partiality, usually in opinions or decisions, and does not relate to visual range or planning horizon. Careless means lacking attention or caution, again unrelated to the idea of seeing only the near term. Farsighted is the only word that directly reverses the concept expressed by myopic. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes pick blind because it seems connected to sight, but antonyms must mirror the specific contrast in the original word. Keeping track of literal and figurative meanings and matching them carefully with options is essential. Regular exposure to words like myopic and farsighted in reading will make such questions easier over time. Final Answer: Farsighted is the correct antonym of myopic in this question.

Question 8

In the following question, select the option that is opposite in meaning to the word “Defile”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction: Antonym questions require a clear understanding of the central meaning of the given word and then choosing the word that most directly opposes it. The verb defile can be used for physical contamination and for moral or emotional violation. It conveys the idea of making something dirty, impure, or dishonoured. To find the opposite, we need a word that suggests respect, purity, or elevation in status rather than pollution or violation. Given Data / Assumptions: - Target word: Defile. - Options: Pollute, Abuse, Shame, Honour. - We need the word that reverses the idea of making something impure or dishonoured. - The context may be physical, moral, or symbolic. Concept / Approach: Defile means to make unclean, dirty, or impure, especially something sacred, respected, or pure. It also means to dishonour or violate. The opposite would be to show respect, preserve purity, or give honour. Among the given options, honour is the only word that carries a strongly positive meaning associated with respect and recognition, exactly the reverse of defile. The other options either repeat negative senses or add new negative ideas rather than opposing them. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that defile means to ruin purity, pollute, or dishonour something that should be respected. Step 2: Compare each option with this sense and search for a direct opposite. Step 3: Note that pollute means contaminate, which is very close in meaning to defile, not opposite. Step 4: Observe that abuse and shame also describe negative treatment or loss of respect. Step 5: Recognise that honour refers to giving respect, admiration, or recognition and therefore stands as the natural antonym. Verification / Alternative check: Consider contrasting sentence pairs: Vandals defiled the monument versus Citizens honoured the monument by cleaning and decorating it. Defiling a temple suggests making it impure, while honouring a temple suggests treating it with the highest respect. This clear opposition demonstrates why honour is the best antonym. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Pollute matches the idea of defile almost exactly, as both involve making something dirty or impure. Abuse refers to cruel or violent treatment, which is another negative action and does not oppose defiling. Shame is the negative feeling or condition of disgrace, again related to dishonour rather than respecting or restoring dignity. None of these options reverses the negative sense of defile. Common Pitfalls: Many candidates accidentally pick synonyms when under time pressure, because they recognise the connection in meaning. To avoid this, always pause to ask whether the question is asking for a similar meaning or the opposite. Underline the word synonym or antonym in your mind or on the question paper to stay focused on the requirement. Final Answer: Honour is the correct antonym of defile in this question.

Question 9

Rearrange the given parts of the sentence about attempts in India so that they form a grammatically correct and meaningful sentence: “Attempts in India P : honesty and more by blind faith Q : by the government to validate traditional R : medicine ar…

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Introduction: This rearrangement question checks the ability to construct a logical and grammatically correct sentence from jumbled parts. The full sentence comments on attempts in India by the government to test traditional medicine and suggests that such attempts are influenced more by blind faith than by honest evaluation. Understanding the meaning and structure of each fragment is essential to place them in a coherent, natural order. Given Data / Assumptions: - Fixed beginning: Attempts in India. - Part Q: by the government to validate traditional. - Part R: medicine are driven less by. - Part P: honesty and more by blind faith. - We must choose among QPR, RPQ, QRP, and RQP. Concept / Approach: We first attach the part that logically completes the noun phrase Attempts in India, which is Q, by the government to validate traditional. This phrase describes what kind of attempts. Next we need a noun to complete traditional, and R provides medicine, followed by the verb phrase are driven less by. Finally, P supplies the contrasting pair honesty and more by blind faith, which completes the predicate. Thus the only arrangement that produces a fluent sentence is QRP. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Combine the start with Q: Attempts in India by the government to validate traditional. Step 2: Notice that traditional requires a noun next, and R begins with medicine are driven less by, giving us traditional medicine as a complete noun phrase. Step 3: Understand that are driven less by introduces a comparison which needs completion. Step 4: Attach P, honesty and more by blind faith, to complete the comparison and finish the sentence. Step 5: The complete sentence reads: Attempts in India by the government to validate traditional medicine are driven less by honesty and more by blind faith. Verification / Alternative check: Read each alternative order aloud. QRP flows smoothly and preserves subject verb agreement and meaning. Other orders break key collocations such as traditional medicine or separate are driven less by from its necessary completion honesty and more by blind faith. Hence QRP is the only arrangement that sounds natural and fully conveys the intended idea. Why Other Options Are Wrong: In QPR, medicine is left dangling or misplaced, breaking the phrase traditional medicine and confusing the verb are driven. In RPQ, the sentence begins awkwardly with medicine are driven less by without clearly attaching to Attempts in India. RQP also disrupts the natural flow and leaves the initial clause incomplete. All these alternatives sound grammatically clumsy or logically unclear. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes focus only on the first two fragments that seem to fit and forget to check the full sentence. Always ensure that all parts combine logically and grammatically, paying attention to noun phrase completion, subject verb agreement, and contrast markers like less and more. Practice with many rearrangement questions builds an intuitive sense of natural English flow. Final Answer: QRP is the correct order of the parts to form a meaningful sentence.

Question 10

A sentence is given in the active voice: “The officer cuts down the tree.” Select the option that best expresses the same idea in the passive voice.

Accepted Answer

Introduction: Voice transformation questions check understanding of how to shift a sentence from active voice to passive voice without changing its basic meaning or tense. The given sentence, The officer cuts down the tree, is in the simple present tense and active voice, where the subject the officer performs the action. In the passive version, the focus moves to the object, the tree, while preserving the simple present tense and the phrasal verb cuts down. Given Data / Assumptions: - Active sentence: The officer cuts down the tree. - Subject: the officer. - Object: the tree. - Verb phrase: cuts down, in simple present. - We must select the correct passive form from the options. Concept / Approach: To change active voice to passive voice in simple present tense, the pattern is: object plus is or are plus past participle plus by plus subject. The phrasal verb cuts down must remain together as cut down in the past participle form. Therefore, The tree becomes the subject, is is used as the auxiliary because tree is singular, and cut down is the past participle phrase. Finally, by the officer identifies the doer of the action in the passive sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Move the object the tree to the subject position of the new sentence. Step 2: Choose the correct auxiliary for simple present passive with a singular subject, which is is. Step 3: Use the past participle of the phrasal verb cut down, which remains cut down. Step 4: Add by the officer at the end to indicate the agent of the action. Step 5: The final sentence is The tree is cut down by the officer. Verification / Alternative check: Check tense consistency by comparing frequency. The officer cuts down the tree implies a regular or general action in simple present. The tree is cut down by the officer also expresses a general truth or repeated action. The agent, verb, and object all match between the two forms, confirming correct transformation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, The tree got cut down by the officer, uses the past form got, which changes the tense from simple present to simple past. Option C, The tree is cut by the officer, drops the particle down and changes the meaning slightly, as cut and cut down are not always identical. Option D, The tree cut by the officer, lacks a helping verb and is therefore grammatically incomplete as a sentence in standard English. Common Pitfalls: Candidates often forget to keep phrasal verbs intact when changing voice, leading to partial or incorrect meanings. Another typical error is altering the tense unintentionally by replacing cuts with got or was. Always identify the main tense, keep the main verb phrase together, and carefully apply the passive pattern for that tense. Final Answer: The tree is cut down by the officer. is the correct passive voice form of the given sentence.

Question 11

The sentence “Raj said, ‘I am happy to be here this evening.’” is given in direct speech. Select the option that best expresses the same idea in indirect speech.

Accepted Answer

Introduction: Direct and indirect speech questions check a learner's ability to correctly change pronouns, tenses, and time or place expressions when reporting someone's statement. The original sentence, Raj said, I am happy to be here this evening, is in direct speech. To convert it to indirect speech, we must apply rules for reporting statements introduced by a past tense reporting verb, while keeping the underlying meaning unchanged. Given Data / Assumptions: - Direct speech: Raj said, I am happy to be here this evening. - Reporting verb: said, in the simple past. - Reported clause: I am happy to be here this evening. - We must adjust pronouns, tense, and deictic words here and this evening. Concept / Approach: When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the usual rule is to shift the tense of the reported statement one step back. Simple present am becomes simple past was. Pronoun I changes to he, referring to Raj. The adverb here changes to there, and this evening changes to that evening, because the reference point has moved away from the original moment of speech. The conjunction that can be used to introduce the reported clause, giving a complete and grammatically correct indirect sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the reporting verb said and keep it as said in the indirect form. Step 2: Change I to he, since Raj is a male speaker being reported. Step 3: Shift the verb am to was to match the backshift rule. Step 4: Replace here with there and this evening with that evening to match the new reporting context. Step 5: Form the sentence: Raj said that he was happy to be there that evening. Verification / Alternative check: Read the indirect sentence and compare it with the original. Both express that at some earlier time Raj expressed happiness about his presence at a place on that particular evening. The sense and time reference are preserved. Options that leave this evening unchanged or keep the present tense are not fully correct because they ignore standard backshift rules in reported speech. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, Raj was happy to be there this evening, drops the reporting structure and mixes past and present reference, making it unclear as reported speech. Option C, Raj said he was happy to be there this evening, does not change this evening to that evening and thus partially ignores the shift in time reference. Option D, Raj says he is happy to be there, uses present tense says and is, which does not match the original simple past reporting verb said. Common Pitfalls: Learners often forget to change adverbs of time and place like here, now, today, tonight, this evening, and others when moving to indirect speech. It is helpful to memorise common conversion pairs such as this to that, now to then, and here to there. Also, remember that some exams insist on strict backshifting with a past reporting verb unless the meaning clearly demands otherwise. Final Answer: Raj said that he was happy to be there that evening. is the correct indirect speech form of the given sentence.

Question 12

In the following spelling question, a word is written in four different ways. Select the correctly spelt form of the word meaning “attractive in a showy or shining way”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction: Spelling questions assess a learner's familiarity with common and slightly advanced English words. The word tested here is glamorous, often used to describe people, events, or surroundings that are very attractive, stylish, and associated with luxury. Because it appears frequently in magazines, films, and lifestyle writing, knowing its correct spelling is valuable for both exams and real world communication. Given Data / Assumptions: - Four variations of the target word are given. - Only one version, glamorous, matches standard dictionary spelling. - The incorrect options contain missing vowels, extra letters, or a misleading root. - The candidate must distinguish the correct letter pattern. Concept / Approach: Glamorous is derived from glamour, which means charm and attractiveness, especially of a mysterious or showy kind. The spelling pattern is g l a m o r o u s. Recognising the base word glamour helps confirm that we keep both the a and o, and simply add the suffix ous. Incorrect forms either distort this root or add unnecessary letters. Working from known root words is a strong strategy for spelling questions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the familiar words glamour and glamorous from reading or media. Step 2: Identify option C, Glamorous, as matching the structure glamour plus ous. Step 3: Check that the other options either drop vowels or insert new letters that do not occur in the base word. Step 4: Confirm that glamorous is the standard spelling in dictionaries and textbooks. Verification / Alternative check: Sample sentences include She looked glamorous in the evening gown and The award show was a glamorous event. In all such examples from authentic English sources, the spelling glamorous is consistent. None of the alternative spellings appears in standard written English, which confirms our choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, Glamerous, replaces the o with e and breaks the link with glamour. Option B, Glamrous, omits the o and creates an awkward consonant cluster. Option D, Gleamorous, inserts an extra syllable gleam, which changes the root and creates a nonstandard word. These versions would be treated as spelling errors in examinations and formal writing. Common Pitfalls: Many learners misplace vowels in words that have a British or American spelling variation. In this case, glamorous is standard, while glamor and glamour vary between dialects. Focusing on root words and practising with example sentences can help fix the correct pattern in memory. Writing short phrases such as glamorous life or glamorous city also reinforces spelling. Final Answer: Glamorous is the correctly spelt form of the word in this question.

Question 13

In the following passage based question, select the correct option to fill the blank in the phrase: “The most powerful and the most perfect ____________ of thought and feeling through the medium of oral language must be traced to the mastery of word…

Accepted Answer

Introduction: Cloze passage questions evaluate a learner's ability to understand context, grammar, and collocation within a continuous paragraph. In this line, the writer is talking about how thought and feeling are transmitted through oral language. We need a noun that fits grammatically and meaningfully in the structure the most powerful and the most perfect blank of thought and feeling. Correctly completing such blanks improves overall comprehension and prepares candidates for longer reading passages in exams. Given Data / Assumptions: - Given fragment: The most powerful and the most perfect ____________ of thought and feeling through the medium of oral language must be traced to the mastery of words. - Options: express, expressive, expressings, expression. - The sentence uses the structure the most powerful and the most perfect plus noun. - The context refers to how we convey thought and feeling. Concept / Approach: The phrase of thought and feeling requires a noun that can take this of phrase as its complement. Expression of thought and feeling is a common and natural collocation in English, referring to the act or process of conveying inner ideas and emotions. The other options are grammatically unsuitable: express is a verb, expressive is an adjective, and expressings is a nonstandard form rarely used in modern English. Hence expression is the correct choice. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the phrase the most powerful and the most perfect must modify a noun. Step 2: Note that of thought and feeling looks like a complement following a noun such as expression. Step 3: Among the options, only expression is a standard singular noun that fits this structure. Step 4: Insert expression into the sentence and read it fully to check for natural flow. Step 5: Confirm that The most powerful and the most perfect expression of thought and feeling is grammatically and stylistically correct. Verification / Alternative check: Consider similar sentences: The expression of love through music can be very moving or Good writing is an expression of clear thinking. These examples show how expression commonly combines with of and abstract nouns like thought and feeling. Replacing expression with express or expressive in such contexts would break grammar and meaning, confirming that expression is required here too. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Express is a verb and cannot directly follow the article the in this structure. Expressive is an adjective and would need a noun after it, such as expressive power, not expressive of thought and feeling alone. Expressings is not a standard singular noun in modern English and sounds unnatural and incorrect. Only expression fits both the grammatical pattern and the expected collocation of the passage. Common Pitfalls: Learners may be tempted by expressive because it seems related in meaning, but paying attention to part of speech is crucial in cloze tests. Whenever the pattern the most plus adjective plus and the most plus adjective appears, look for a noun immediately after it. Practising with many passages and marking parts of speech for each blank can significantly improve accuracy in examination settings. Final Answer: expression correctly completes the phrase in the passage and fits both grammar and meaning.

Question 14

In the same passage, select the correct option to fill the blank in the clause: “mastery of words. ___________ is better suited to lead speakers and readers … into an easy control of this language than the command of the phrase that perfectly expres…

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Introduction: This cloze passage question focuses on selecting the correct pronoun or determiner to complete a formal sentence about the importance of mastering words. The writer is arguing that no other factor is better suited than command of the phrase. The blank must be filled with a word that completes the negative comparison and matches formal written style. Understanding the logic of the sentence is essential to avoid choosing a grammatically wrong or incomplete word. Given Data / Assumptions: - Surrounding text: mastery of words. ___________ is better suited to lead speakers and readers into an easy control of this language than the command of the phrase that perfectly expresses the thought. - Options: No, Not, None, Nothing. - The blank begins a new sentence and functions as the grammatical subject. - The idea expressed is that there is no thing better suited than command of the phrase. Concept / Approach: The sentence needs a subject that can stand alone and be followed directly by the verb is. Among the options, only Nothing works smoothly as a pronoun used as a subject, giving Nothing is better suited. None can also act as a pronoun, but it usually appears with of plus a noun in such contexts, for example None of these is better suited. No and Not cannot function on their own as subjects in this pattern. Therefore, the most natural and grammatically correct choice is Nothing. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the blank is at the start of a new sentence and must be a subject before is. Step 2: Test each option in the sentence: No is better suited, Not is better suited, None is better suited, Nothing is better suited. Step 3: Notice that No and Not cannot stand alone as noun like subjects here. Step 4: Observe that None would usually require of something, but the context does not provide that structure. Step 5: Confirm that Nothing is better suited is the natural and idiomatic construction. Verification / Alternative check: Similar sentences are very common in English, such as Nothing is more important than health or Nothing is better suited to this task than experience. These examples show that Nothing can directly take is in comparisons. Trying None is better suited feels incomplete and slightly awkward, especially without an of phrase. Thus the passage clearly favours Nothing. Why Other Options Are Wrong: No usually modifies a noun, as in No method is better suited, and cannot stand alone here. Not is an adverb or part of a negative construction, used in patterns like is not or do not, and cannot serve as a subject. None might appear in formal writing, but typically as None of these methods is better suited, which is not the structure found in the passage. Hence they all fail to match the intended grammar and emphasis. Common Pitfalls: Examinees sometimes pick None because it seems formal, or Not because they see the comparative expression better suited. However, ignoring the role of the word as the sentence subject leads to mistakes. Always check whether the blank requires a subject, object, modifier, or connector and then choose the option that fits that grammatical role in full sentences, not just short phrases. Final Answer: Nothing correctly completes the sentence in the passage as Nothing is better suited to lead speakers and readers into an easy control of this language than the command of the phrase that perfectly expresses the thought.

Question 15

In the same passage, select the correct option to fill the blank in the clause: “and readers ___________ English into an easy control of this language than the command of the phrase that perfectly expresses the thought.”

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Introduction: This cloze passage question tests sensitivity to prepositions that follow certain nouns and phrases in formal English. The line refers to speakers and readers of a particular language, in this case English, who are being led into an easy control of that language. The missing preposition must correctly link speakers and readers with English in a way that mirrors natural collocation and grammatical rules. Given Data / Assumptions: - Passage fragment: to lead speakers and readers ___________ English into an easy control of this language. - Options: for, of, from, at. - The phrase speakers and readers describes people, not the language itself. - The preposition must show their relationship to English, the language being learned or used. Concept / Approach: In English, we usually say speakers of English, readers of Hindi, writers of French, and so on. The preposition of links the person description to the language or subject. The phrase speakers and readers of English naturally follows this pattern. The preposition for might show purpose, from might show origin, and at might describe skill level, but none of these fits the standard collocation between speakers and readers and the language name. Therefore, of is the correct choice. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise the common expression speakers of a language, readers of a language, and teachers of a subject. Step 2: Insert of into the blank and read the phrase aloud: speakers and readers of English. Step 3: Test other prepositions briefly: speakers and readers for English, from English, at English, and notice that all sound unnatural. Step 4: Confirm that of correctly indicates that English is the language used or studied by these speakers and readers. Step 5: Select of as the answer that preserves both grammar and collocation. Verification / Alternative check: Look at parallel examples: learners of English, students of physics, and lovers of music. In all these expressions, of connects the noun representing people with the subject or field. Replacing of with for, from, or at would produce ungrammatical or highly unusual expressions such as learners for English or students at physics, which supports our choice in this passage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: For usually follows a word like effort, plan, or desire and indicates purpose or benefit, as in efforts for reform, which is not implied here. From would suggest origin or source, as in speakers from England, a different sense altogether. At might be used in phrases like good at English, where English is a skill, but speakers and readers at English is not a standard form. Hence these options do not fit the structure of the sentence. Common Pitfalls: In cloze tests, preposition blanks can be tricky because multiple options seem possible in isolation. Always examine standard combinations such as noun plus of plus subject or skill. Reading widely and noticing such patterns in authentic texts is one of the best ways to improve accuracy in these questions. Practising with common phrases like speakers of English and readers of novels also strengthens memory. Final Answer: of correctly completes the phrase speakers and readers of English in the given passage.

Question 16

In the following passage about effective speaking, choose the option that best completes the first blank: The most powerful and the most perfect __________ of thought and feeling through the medium of oral language must be traced to the mastery of w…

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Introduction / Context: This English language question tests vocabulary, grammar, and the ability to choose the correct form of a word so that a formal sentence sounds natural and precise. The sentence talks about the most powerful and most perfect way of expressing thought and feeling through spoken language. For such a description, the form of the word must match the grammatical structure and the sense of the sentence. Understanding how nouns and verbs work in academic English is essential for many competitive examinations, and this item directly checks that understanding. Given Data / Assumptions: • The sentence is: The most powerful and the most perfect __________ of thought and feeling through the medium of oral language must be traced to the mastery of words.• The options are: articulate, articulates, articulations, articulation.• The blank is followed by the phrase of thought and feeling, which normally follows a noun.• We assume standard formal English usage. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to identify which grammatical form fits before the prepositional phrase of thought and feeling. In English, when we describe a thing or process using of, we normally place a noun before it, for example, expression of ideas, control of language, mastery of words. The base word here is articulate, which can produce a noun form articulation, a plural noun articulations, and a verb form articulates. We must choose the singular abstract noun that matches the meaning of the sentence and agrees with the phrase the most powerful and the most perfect. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Notice that the structure the most powerful and the most perfect describes a singular abstract noun, not a verb.Step 2: The phrase of thought and feeling requires a noun before of, just like expression of thought.Step 3: articulate is a verb or adjective, so it does not fit directly before of thought and feeling.Step 4: articulates is a verb form used with a subject such as he articulates, so it does not fit either.Step 5: articulations is a plural noun, which sounds odd with the structure the most powerful and the most perfect, which points to one overall quality.Step 6: articulation is a singular abstract noun that means clear expression of ideas or feelings through speech, which matches both grammar and meaning. Verification / Alternative check: Read the sentence with each option inserted. With articulation, the sentence becomes The most powerful and the most perfect articulation of thought and feeling through the medium of oral language must be traced to the mastery of words. This reads smoothly, sounds like standard textbook English, and conveys the intended idea. The other forms either produce a grammatical error or make the sentence sound unnatural. Therefore articulation is the only fully acceptable choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: articulate functions mainly as a verb or adjective, so The most powerful and the most perfect articulate of thought is ungrammatical. articulates is a finite verb form and needs a subject, for example, he articulates clearly, which is not present here. articulations is plural and would imply several separate articulations, which clashes with the idea of one single most powerful and most perfect quality being described. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes focus only on the meaning of the root word and ignore the exact grammatical form required by the sentence. Another mistake is to think that adding s to form a plural, such as articulations, always intensifies meaning, but here it conflicts with the singular sense suggested by the most powerful and the most perfect. It is also easy to confuse articulate as an adjective with the required noun articulation. Careful reading of the words around the blank, especially of thought and feeling, prevents these errors. Final Answer: The correct option that completes the sentence in both sense and structure is articulation.

Question 17

In the following question, select the option that best expresses the meaning of the English idiom at the top of your lungs.

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Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of English idioms, which are fixed expressions whose meanings cannot always be guessed from the literal meanings of the individual words. The phrase at the top of your lungs is commonly used in spoken and written English, especially in narratives and conversations, and understanding it is important for good comprehension in exams and real life communication. The task is to select the option that correctly explains what this idiom means in normal usage. Given Data / Assumptions: • Idiom given: at the top of your lungs.• Four options describe different situations or states.• The question asks for the option that best expresses the meaning of the idiom.• We assume standard modern English usage. Concept / Approach: The phrase at the top of your lungs refers to the maximum capacity of a person's lungs when producing sound. In everyday English, this idiom is used to describe speaking or shouting with very high volume. It does not relate to smoking, suffocation, or physical tiredness directly. The correct approach is to recall typical sentences that native speakers use, such as The child was crying at the top of his lungs, which clearly means the child was crying very loudly. Matching the idiom with such common contexts helps eliminate wrong options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the word lungs, which are the organs used for breathing and producing voice.Step 2: The expression at the top of suggests something to the maximum extent or at the highest level.Step 3: Combine these ideas: at the top of your lungs indicates using your lungs to their full capacity when speaking or shouting.Step 4: Compare each option. Only Extremely loudly directly matches the idea of using one's lungs to the fullest while speaking.Step 5: The other options mention smoking, breathlessness, or suffocation, which relate generically to lungs but not to the idiom's actual figurative meaning. Verification / Alternative check: Insert the idiom in different sentences and check the sense. For example, The fans were cheering at the top of their lungs fits naturally if we understand it as extremely loudly. If we tried to interpret it as feeling suffocated or as being a habitual smoker, the sentences would sound strange and context would not support those meanings. Reference to common textbook explanations and dictionaries also confirms that the idiom means to speak or shout very loudly. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Be a habitual smoker confuses the physical organ lungs with the idiom, but the phrase is never used to describe smoking habits. Be breathless after an exhausting physical task talks about tiredness and heavy breathing, which is not about speaking or shouting. Feel suffocated in a very crowded place again relates to breathing discomfort, not to voice volume. None of these capture the idea of loudness that the idiom conveys. Common Pitfalls: Many learners get misled by words like lungs and try to connect the idiom with medical or physical conditions such as suffocation or smoking. Another mistake is to ignore the phrase at the top of, which points to an extreme degree, suggesting intensity rather than illness. To avoid such errors, always think of idioms in familiar example sentences and focus on how native speakers actually use them in stories and dialogues. Final Answer: The idiom at the top of your lungs means Extremely loudly.

Question 18

In the following question, select the option that best expresses the meaning of the English idiom the wheels have come off.

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Introduction / Context: This question examines your understanding of the idiom the wheels have come off. Idioms often arise from physical or mechanical images and then develop metaphorical meanings. Here, the picture is of a vehicle whose wheels come off, making it impossible to move forward. In figurative use, the expression is commonly applied to projects, careers, sports teams, or plans that were working well but have suddenly started to fail. Given Data / Assumptions: • Idiom: the wheels have come off.• Options describe different possible interpretations of failure or avoidance.• The task is to identify the explanation that matches standard idiomatic English.• No specific sentence is given, so we rely on general usage. Concept / Approach: When wheels come off a vehicle, it stops functioning and crashes or collapses. Metaphorically, if the wheels come off a plan, campaign, or team performance, it means that things are no longer functioning smoothly and problems have started to appear, often after a promising beginning. The correct option must capture this idea of breakdown after earlier success, not just any kind of failure or poor work and not avoidance of work. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Visualize the literal image of wheels coming off a moving vehicle.Step 2: Translate that image into abstract terms: a previously moving and successful system suddenly stops working.Step 3: Evaluate option B, which states that things start to fail or go wrong, especially after a period of success. This captures the metaphor exactly.Step 4: Compare with option A, which focuses on using something until it wears out; this is related to damage but not to sudden collapse after success.Step 5: Option C talks about doing a shoddy job from the start, which is different from a plan that initially worked well and then broke down.Step 6: Option D, making an excuse to avoid doing a task, has no connection with the metaphor of wheels and failure. Verification / Alternative check: Consider sample sentences such as The team had been winning all season, but in the last few games the wheels have really come off. Here the phrase clearly refers to the sudden decline after consistent good performance. Similar examples in news reports and articles confirm that the idiom is used when a project, organisation, or effort that appeared stable begins to fall apart through mistakes, crises, or mismanagement. Why Other Options Are Wrong: To use something so much that it wears out describes gradual physical damage due to overuse, not an abrupt loss of control in an ongoing effort. To do a shoddy job which is destined to fail suggests poor quality from the beginning rather than breakdown after earlier success. Make an excuse to avoid doing a task is about laziness or avoidance and does not resonate with the image of a moving system suddenly losing its wheels. Common Pitfalls: Candidates may confuse this idiom with general ideas of failure or poor quality and may select options that mention shoddy work or overuse. Another common mistake is to ignore the phrase after a period of success, which is central to the idiom. To avoid these errors, always picture the literal scenario first and then map it to the figurative use in real contexts such as sports, politics, or business reporting. Final Answer: The idiom the wheels have come off means Things start to fail or go wrong, especially after a period of success.

Question 19

In the following question, select the one word substitute that best matches the description an attractively tall, graceful, and dignified woman in standard English vocabulary.

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Introduction / Context: This question checks your knowledge of one word substitutes in English, a common area in competitive exams. You are given a descriptive phrase an attractively tall, graceful, and dignified woman and asked to choose the single word that expresses this idea. One word substitutes help make language more concise and elegant. Knowing such vocabulary items improves both comprehension and expression in formal writing and speech. Given Data / Assumptions: • Descriptive phrase: an attractively tall, graceful, and dignified woman.• Options: terse, pithy, sententious, statuesque.• We assume standard dictionary meanings of these adjectives.• The correct word must describe physical appearance and bearing, not style of speech. Concept / Approach: The key idea in the description is a combination of tall height, graceful movement, and dignified presence, all seen as attractive qualities. The word statuesque refers exactly to a woman who is tall and beautifully proportioned, often with a calm, dignified look, similar to a finely carved statue. On the other hand, terse, pithy, and sententious all relate to the style of speaking or writing, not to physical appearance. Therefore, the conceptual match is clearly with statuesque. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the main elements of the description tall, graceful, dignified, and attractive.Step 2: Recall the meaning of statuesque a tall and impressive person, especially a woman, whose figure and posture are graceful and dignified.Step 3: Check the remaining options. Terse means brief or using very few words, which refers to communication style.Step 4: Pithy means concise but expressive, again describing speech or writing, not physical presence.Step 5: Sententious means given to moralising in a pompous or affected manner, which is about attitude and speech.Step 6: Only statuesque directly describes the type of woman mentioned in the question, so it is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Imagine example sentences. One might say She looked statuesque in her evening gown at the ceremony, which clearly conveys tall, elegant, and dignified appearance. In contrast, She is a terse speaker or His comment was very pithy refer to how someone talks or writes, not how they look. Similarly, He sounded sententious during the lecture is about moralising tone, not physical features. These examples confirm that statuesque aligns perfectly with the original description. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Terse describes language that is very brief, sometimes to the point of rudeness, and does not relate to physical height or grace. Pithy means concise and meaningful, useful for describing short but powerful statements. Sententious refers to a tendency to make moral comments in a self important way. None of these words carry the sense of tall, graceful, and dignified appearance that the question demands. Common Pitfalls: Students may sometimes pick words that simply look familiar or sophisticated without carefully recalling their meanings. Another common error is to assume that any difficult adjective must be the correct one. The right strategy is always to match the exact components of the description with the dictionary sense of each option. Visualising an example sentence also helps ensure that the chosen word fits naturally in real usage. Final Answer: The one word substitute for an attractively tall, graceful, and dignified woman is Statuesque.

Question 20

In the following question, select the one word substitute that best expresses the meaning of the phrase the return of someone to his own country.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on one word substitutes related to movement of people across national borders. The phrase given is the return of someone to his own country. Many English words describe leaving, entering, or returning to countries, and it is easy to confuse them. A clear understanding of these terms is useful in subjects like geography, civics, current affairs, and English vocabulary for exams. Given Data / Assumptions: • Phrase to be replaced: the return of someone to his own country.• Options: repatriation, migrate, emigrate, immigrate.• We assume standard dictionary definitions of these terms.• The key idea is return to one's country of origin or citizenship. Concept / Approach: Repatriation is the technical term that means sending or returning a person to their own country, especially after war, crisis, employment abroad, or residence in another land. The words migrate, emigrate, and immigrate are related but differ in direction and viewpoint. Migrate is a general term for movement from one place to another. Emigrate means to leave one's own country to live in another. Immigrate means to come into a country to live there. None of these three specifically capture the idea of returning to the home country, which is central here. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the word return, which signals going back to the country of origin.Step 2: Recall that repatriation comes from the Latin roots re meaning back and patria meaning native land or country.Step 3: Check the meaning of migrate, which is a general movement and does not indicate return to the home country.Step 4: Emigrate describes leaving one's own country and settling elsewhere, which is the opposite direction of return.Step 5: Immigrate describes entering another country to live there, again focusing on going to a new place rather than coming back home.Step 6: Since only repatriation clearly means return to the home country, it is the correct one word substitute. Verification / Alternative check: Consider an example sentence. After the war, the government arranged for the repatriation of prisoners of war sounds natural and accurate, because it describes organised return to their own country. If we tried After the war, the government arranged for the emigration of prisoners of war, the meaning would be wrong, as it would imply sending them to another foreign country. This confirms that repatriation is the word that correctly matches the idea of return. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Migrate is too general and can refer to seasonal movement of birds, temporary movement of workers, or people changing cities within a country. Emigrate always focuses on leaving one's country to settle abroad, not coming back. Immigrate focuses on entering a new country to live there. None of these imply return to the original homeland, so they fail to fully capture the meaning of the phrase in the question. Common Pitfalls: Candidates often confuse emigrate and immigrate because they look similar and both involve international movement. A useful trick is to think of emigrate from and immigrate into. Repatriation is different because it is about going back to the patria or fatherland. Remembering these distinctions helps avoid errors in questions that test fine differences in vocabulary related to migration and nationality. Final Answer: The correct one word substitute for the return of someone to his own country is Repatriation.

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