Question 1

In the following question, select the option which is opposite in meaning to the given word: Jubilant.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Antonym questions measure how well you understand the emotional tone and intensity of words. The word jubilant is a strong, positive adjective used when people feel extremely happy and often show it through celebration. To find the correct antonym, you must choose the word that represents a clear, opposite emotional state. Given Data / Assumptions: - Target word: Jubilant. - Options: Happy, Excited, Celebrating, Sorrowful. - Jubilant means overjoyed, triumphant, or extremely happy. - Only one option should indicate a contrasting negative emotion. Concept / Approach: Jubilant is stronger than simply happy; it suggests joy that is openly expressed, often in response to success or good news. The antonym should therefore express sadness, grief, or deep unhappiness. Among the options, Sorrowful accurately conveys a state of sadness or grief, directly opposing jubilant. The other options are synonyms or closely related to happiness and excitement, not opposites. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Define jubilant as extremely happy and joyful, often celebrating aloud. Step 2: Examine Happy. This word is positive and closely related to jubilant, although less intense, so it cannot be an antonym. Step 3: Examine Excited. Excited suggests high energy and enthusiasm, which can accompany jubilant feelings, so it is also similar. Step 4: Examine Celebrating. This describes an action people do when they are jubilant, so it is associated with the same positive emotion. Step 5: Examine Sorrowful. This word means full of sorrow, sad, or grieving, which is emotionally opposite to jubilant. Step 6: Conclude that Sorrowful is the correct antonym of jubilant. Verification / Alternative check: Think of a sports crowd when their team wins: The fans were jubilant after the victory. If the team had lost badly instead, we would say The fans were sorrowful after the defeat. This direct contrast between victorious joy and deep sadness reflects the antonym relationship. Substituting Happy, Excited, or Celebrating would not reverse the emotion; they would instead repeat the positive mood. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Happy is wrong because it is a weaker synonym rather than an opposite. Excited is wrong because it also expresses strong positive emotion and often accompanies jubilant situations. Celebrating is wrong because it describes outward joy and is a typical action of jubilant people, not an opposite state. Only Sorrowful expresses a negative emotional condition that truly contrasts with exuberant happiness. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes select words like Happy or Excited, thinking that the test is asking for a similar meaning rather than an opposite one. Others may rush through the question and miss the phrase opposite in meaning. Always read the instruction carefully and mentally tag the word as positive or negative. Then look for a choice that is clearly on the other side of the emotional spectrum. Final Answer: The word that is opposite in meaning to jubilant is Sorrowful.

Question 2

Rearrange the parts of the sentence into a correct and meaningful order: The government should P: provide health insurance Q: to buy their own R: for those unable.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Sentence reordering questions test your ability to recognise natural English word order and logical flow of ideas. In this item, the base clause is The government should, followed by three labelled fragments P, Q, and R. Your job is to choose the order that produces a clear and grammatically correct statement about health insurance and people who cannot buy it themselves. Given Data / Assumptions: - Fixed beginning: The government should - P: provide health insurance - Q: to buy their own - R: for those unable - Options: PQR, RPQ, QRP, PRQ. - We assume the intended message is that the government should provide health insurance for people who cannot afford to buy it themselves. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to link each fragment so that they form meaningful phrases. The predicate should first introduce what the government should do, and then specify for whom. The phrase provide health insurance is a natural completion of The government should. Next, the recipient group is specified by for those unable, which must be joined to an infinitive phrase to buy their own. The combination for those unable to buy their own is a standard way of expressing inability or lack of resources. Putting these pieces together in the order P, R, Q yields a smooth and clear sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: After The government should, the most logical part is P: provide health insurance, because it states the main action the government is expected to take. Step 2: Once we know what should be provided, we must state for whom it is intended. Part R: for those unable naturally follows the object provide health insurance. Step 3: Part R still feels incomplete, because unable normally takes a following infinitive, such as unable to pay or unable to buy their own insurance. Step 4: Part Q: to buy their own completes the sense of who is unable and what they are unable to do. Step 5: Combining in the order PRQ gives The government should provide health insurance for those unable to buy their own, which is correct and meaningful. Verification / Alternative check: Test the other orders. For PQR we get The government should provide health insurance to buy their own for those unable, which is grammatically wrong because health insurance cannot buy its own something. For RPQ we get The government should for those unable provide health insurance to buy their own, which is clumsy and still misplaces the phrase to buy their own. For QRP we get The government should to buy their own for those unable provide health insurance, which is clearly incorrect. Only PRQ gives a clear and natural sentence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: PQR wrongly attaches to buy their own directly to provide health insurance and places for those unable at the end, breaking the logical link between unable and to buy their own. RPQ and QRP both produce sentences that are ungrammatical and confusing, with infinitive and prepositional phrases in the wrong positions. They fail to keep the natural cluster for those unable to buy their own together. Common Pitfalls: Many learners try to follow the given order without checking whether the resulting sentence sounds natural. Another common error is ignoring how certain words, such as unable, require specific complements like infinitive phrases. To avoid mistakes, identify pairs of fragments that clearly belong together, such as for those unable and to buy their own, and then arrange the sentence so that these pairs are not separated. Final Answer: The correct order of the parts is PRQ, giving the sentence: The government should provide health insurance for those unable to buy their own.

Question 3

A sentence has been given in Active Voice. Select the option that best expresses the same sentence in Passive Voice: Someone has invited me to the cruise.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Voice change questions test your ability to convert sentences from active to passive or from passive to active while preserving tense, meaning, and grammatical correctness. Here, the sentence is in the present perfect tense in the active voice: Someone has invited me to the cruise. You must choose the option that presents the same action in the passive voice, with the correct auxiliary and past participle. Given Data / Assumptions: - Active sentence: Someone has invited me to the cruise. - Subject in active voice: Someone (unknown agent). - Object in active voice: me. - Tense: Present perfect (has invited). - Options include various passive structures beginning with I. Concept / Approach: In voice change, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. The tense of the verb must remain the same. For present perfect, the passive structure uses have or has plus been plus the past participle. Therefore, me in the active sentence changes to I in the passive subject position, and has invited changes to have been invited. Since the agent someone is not important, we can omit it in the passive. The correct passive sentence is I have been invited to the cruise. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the object in the active sentence. The object is me, which will become the subject in the passive voice. Step 2: Change me to its subject form I for the passive construction. Step 3: Preserve the tense. The active verb has invited is present perfect. The passive form of this tense is have or has been plus past participle. Step 4: Combine the new subject I with the passive verb phrase have been invited, giving I have been invited. Step 5: Retain the remaining phrase to the cruise as it describes the destination and does not change between voices. Step 6: The full passive sentence becomes I have been invited to the cruise. Verification / Alternative check: Compare tense and meaning. The active sentence describes a completed action with present relevance: someone has invited me already. The passive sentence I have been invited to the cruise keeps the same present perfect sense and focus, but now places I as the subject. There is no change in time reference or situation. This confirms that the transformation is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, Someone has sent invitation to the cruise, changes both the verb and the object, and it remains active instead of passive. It also sounds incomplete because it omits the preposition for me. Option B, I had been invited to the cruise, shifts the tense to past perfect, which does not match has invited. Option D, I was invite to the cruise by somebody, is grammatically incorrect because invite should be invited and the tense no longer reflects present perfect; it uses a simple past passive form instead. Common Pitfalls: One common mistake is to change the tense accidentally while focusing on the passive form, such as converting has invited to had been invited or was invited. Another pitfall is to forget the word been in perfect passive structures and write I have invited instead of I have been invited. To avoid these errors, remember the pattern: present perfect passive equals have or has plus been plus past participle. Final Answer: The correct passive voice form of the sentence is I have been invited to the cruise.

Question 4

A sentence has been given in Direct Speech. Select the option that best expresses the same sentence in Indirect Speech: Rohan said, 'I am going'.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Reported speech questions require you to convert a quoted statement (Direct Speech) into an indirect form while maintaining tense consistency and correct pronoun use. In this item, the original sentence is Rohan said, ‘‘I am going’’. You must select the option that reports this statement correctly, with appropriate backshift of tense and correct word order. Given Data / Assumptions: - Direct speech: Rohan said, ‘‘I am going’’. - Reporting verb: said (simple past). - Reported clause: I am going (present continuous tense). - Subject inside the quote: I, referring to Rohan himself. - We follow the standard rule that when the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense inside the reported speech usually shifts one step back. Concept / Approach: When changing from direct to indirect speech with a past tense reporting verb, present continuous tense in the quoted part normally changes to past continuous. The subject pronoun I becomes he because Rohan is being spoken about in the third person. The conjunction that is commonly introduced after said. So, I am going becomes he was going. Combining this with the reporting clause produces Rohan said that he was going. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the reporting verb and its tense. The word said is in the simple past tense. Step 2: Identify the tense of the reported speech. The phrase I am going is in present continuous tense. Step 3: Apply the backshift rule: present continuous normally changes to past continuous when reported from a past point of view. Step 4: Change the pronoun I to he, because Rohan is being referred to in the third person. Step 5: Form the reported clause as he was going, which is the past continuous tense. Step 6: Combine with the reporting verb to produce the final indirect sentence: Rohan said that he was going. Verification / Alternative check: Check whether the final sentence preserves the original meaning. Both sentences communicate that, at the time Rohan was speaking, he was in the process of going somewhere. The indirect form Rohan said that he was going correctly reflects a past report of a then current action. The tense change does not alter the basic meaning, but it aligns with standard grammatical rules for reported speech. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, Rohan had said he is gone, mixes past perfect and present forms and also changes going to gone, which refers to a completed action rather than an ongoing one. Option B, Rohan is going, does not report the speech at all; it simply repeats a statement in the present tense without indicating that it is reported. Option C, Rohan said that he is gone, again uses is gone, which suggests a present perfect or stative meaning and fails to apply the correct tense shift from am going to was going. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes forget to adjust the tense in reported speech or mistakenly change the verb to a different aspect, such as from going to gone. Others omit the conjunction that, which is often acceptable in spoken English but is generally expected in exam answers. To avoid these issues, remember the standard mapping: present continuous to past continuous, and adjust pronouns according to the speaker and listener. Final Answer: The correct indirect speech form is Rohan said that he was going.

Question 5

In the following question, a word has been written in four different ways. Out of these, select the correctly spelt word.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Spelling questions are designed to check whether you can recognise the standard written form of commonly used English words, especially those that appear in science and everyday life. The word fluorescent is used to describe a type of light or substance that emits visible light when it is exposed to radiation or energy. Because of its complex combination of vowels and consonants, it is often misspelt. Given Data / Assumptions: - Four spellings are offered: Fluorescent, Floresecent, Floroscent, Flowrascent. - Only one of these is correct in standard English. - We assume the meaning is the usual scientific and everyday sense: emitting bright light due to fluorescence. Concept / Approach: The correct spelling fluorescent is built from the root fluor, related to fluorescence, and the suffix escent, which means becoming or showing a quality. The letters follow the pattern f l u o r e s c e n t. Incorrect versions often change the order of vowels, introduce extra letters, or replace uo with o or w. By recalling the connection to fluorescence and fluorine, we can identify the correct arrangement of letters. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Remember the related noun fluorescence, which clearly contains the sequence fluor at the beginning. Step 2: Note that the adjective fluorescent keeps this fluor part and adds the escent ending, giving fluorescent. Step 3: Examine option Fluorescent. It preserves fluor plus escent and matches the expected pattern. Step 4: Examine option Floresecent. The letters here are misordered; e and s are repeated in an unusual sequence, and the root fluor is broken. Step 5: Examine option Floroscent. This replaces uo with o and drops the correct vowel sequence, so it does not match the recognised root. Step 6: Examine option Flowrascent. This introduces w and a in places where they do not belong and does not resemble the original scientific term. Step 7: Conclude that Fluorescent is the only spelling that is consistent with the root word and standard usage. Verification / Alternative check: Visual memory can be reinforced by recalling common phrases such as fluorescent lamps, fluorescent lights, or fluorescent markers. In all of these, the word begins with fluor and ends with escent. If you write the word slowly as flu-or-es-cent, you can hear each part and see how it matches the correct option. None of the other spellings appear in textbooks, scientific articles, or product labels. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Floresecent is wrong because it changes the sequence of vowels and consonants and breaks the recognisable base fluor. Floroscent is wrong because it replaces uo with o and does not preserve the original root structure. Flowrascent is wrong because it adds w and a, which do not belong and completely distort the word. These misspellings would confuse readers and are not accepted forms in English. Common Pitfalls: Because the word is pronounced with a kind of rush between syllables, learners may guess at the spelling rather than recalling the root. They might also confuse fluorescent with words like florescent or phosphorescent. A useful strategy is to remember the link to the chemical element fluorine and the noun fluorescence, which make the correct initial letters clear. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word is Fluorescent.

Question 6

In the following passage, a word has been left out. Select the correct option to fill the blank: If we can permit ourselves to ______ movement fully, we permit ourselves to perceive, think and reflect. We allow ourselves the privilege of reimagining…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Cloze test questions present a short passage with blanks, and you must choose the word that fits grammatically and logically. In this sentence, the author is discussing what happens if we fully permit ourselves to do something with movement. The structure uses the infinitive form after the verb permit, and the meaning must match the broader idea of perceiving, thinking, and reflecting about dance, music, and human interaction. Given Data / Assumptions: - Passage fragment: If we can permit ourselves to ______ movement fully, we permit ourselves to perceive, think and reflect. - Options: understood, understandable, understandably, understand. - The phrase permit ourselves to is followed by a blank before the object movement. - We assume standard formal English usage, where permit is followed by an infinitive or object. Concept / Approach: After the structure permit ourselves to, the verb normally takes its base form to show an infinitive, such as to think, to understand, or to see. The object in this clause is movement. Therefore, we need a base form of a verb that fits logically with movement and with the idea of perceiving and reflecting. Understand is the natural choice, because fully understanding movement allows deeper perception and reflection. The other options either have the wrong form or do not function correctly in this position. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the grammatical pattern: permit ourselves to plus base form of a verb. Step 2: Check the options to see which ones are base forms of verbs. Understand is a base verb; understood is a past tense or past participle; understandable is an adjective; understandably is an adverb. Step 3: Because we need a verb to complete the infinitive after to, only understand is grammatically possible. Step 4: Check the meaning: If we permit ourselves to understand movement fully, we will then perceive, think, and reflect more deeply. This message is logical and consistent with the rest of the passage, which discusses reimagining dance, music, and ways of relating. Step 5: The other forms understood, understandable, and understandably would create ungrammatical or awkward phrases such as to understood movement fully or to understandably movement fully. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by removing the auxiliary can and reading the core sentence: We permit ourselves to understand movement fully. This is clearly correct. If you try substituting another option, such as We permit ourselves to understood movement fully, the sentence becomes wrong and unnatural. The same happens with We permit ourselves to understandable movement fully and We permit ourselves to understandably movement fully, which do not follow any normal English pattern for verb phrases. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Understood is wrong because it is a past form and cannot follow to directly; we do not say to understood. Understandable is wrong because it is an adjective, and adjectives cannot act as verbs in an infinitive structure. Understandably is wrong because it is an adverb and would require a verb after it, not before it. None of these alternatives can stand in the grammatical slot correctly. Common Pitfalls: Often in cloze tests, students are distracted by words that share the same root and choose based on familiarity rather than grammar. Another pitfall is ignoring the structure surrounding the blank. To avoid this, always identify what type of word is needed (verb, adjective, adverb, noun) by examining the pattern before and after the blank. In this case, recognizing permit ourselves to immediately signals the need for a base verb. Final Answer: The correct word to complete the blank is understand, giving the sentence: If we can permit ourselves to understand movement fully, we permit ourselves to perceive, think and reflect.

Question 7

In the following passage, a word has been left out. Select the correct option to fill the blank: If we can permit ourselves to understand movement fully, we permit ourselves to perceive, think ______ reflect.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Cloze test questions require you to choose conjunctions and linking words that maintain the logical flow of a passage. Here, the sentence is about the mental activities that follow when we fully understand movement. The verbs listed are perceive, think, and reflect. The blank appears between think and reflect, so the correct word must join the last two elements of the list smoothly. Given Data / Assumptions: - Passage fragment: we permit ourselves to perceive, think ______ reflect. - Options: but, nor, and, so. - Perceive, think, and reflect are all positive and compatible mental actions. - The writer is making an additive list, not describing contrast or consequence. Concept / Approach: When we list three similar actions in English, we usually separate the first two with a comma and join the last two with and, creating a smooth series: A, B, and C. The other conjunctions but, nor, and so introduce contrast, negative connection, or result, and are not used merely to link the final items in a simple list of similar actions. Therefore, and is the most appropriate choice to link think and reflect in a harmonious sequence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that perceive, think, and reflect are three mental processes that the author is grouping together. Step 2: Recall that lists in English commonly use commas between items and the conjunction and before the last item. Step 3: Test option but. This would create perceive, think but reflect, which wrongly suggests a contrast between thinking and reflecting. Step 4: Test option nor. This conjunction is used in negative pairings like neither think nor reflect, which does not fit because the sentence is positive. Step 5: Test option and. The phrase perceive, think and reflect is a natural and widely used structure. Step 6: Test option so. This would signal consequence or result (think so reflect), which is not the intended relationship here. Step 7: Conclude that and is the correct conjunction for this list. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full sentence with the chosen conjunction: We permit ourselves to perceive, think and reflect. This sentence flows naturally and reads like standard formal English. If we substitute but, the meaning becomes confused, as if reflecting opposes thinking. Using nor would require a preceding negative word such as not, which is absent. Using so would force a cause effect meaning that the passage does not support. Thus, only and maintains the intended structure and tone. Why Other Options Are Wrong: But is wrong because it introduces contrast, which is not present between think and reflect. Nor is wrong because it is used in negative pairs and does not follow any negative marker here. So is wrong because it signals a result or conclusion, which does not fit in a simple listing of actions. None of these options functions as a neutral linker for the third item in a series of positive verbs. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates overthink cloze questions and select unusual conjunctions, believing that the test must require something complicated. Others fail to recognise basic listing patterns in English. A reliable strategy is to first identify whether the sentence is making a list, showing contrast, explaining cause and effect, or adding a condition. For lists, the default conjunction is almost always and. Final Answer: The correct word to fill the blank is and, giving the phrase perceive, think and reflect.

Question 8

In the following passage, a word has been left out. Select the correct option to fill the blank: We move ______ an incredible space of liberation, primarily in thought, but perhaps more restrictively in defining beauty, or maybe even doing away with…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze test sentence describes a metaphorical movement into an abstract mental or creative space. The preposition you choose must link the verb move with the phrase an incredible space, in a way that matches common English usage and preserves the intended sense of entering a new realm of thought and imagination. Given Data / Assumptions: - Passage fragment: We move ______ an incredible space of liberation, primarily in thought. - Options: of, so, into, for. - The phrase an incredible space of liberation is the destination or metaphorical location. - We assume the author is speaking about moving from ordinary thinking into a new creative or liberated mindset. Concept / Approach: In English, when we speak of movement toward or entering a space, whether physical or abstract, the preposition into is commonly used: move into a room, move into a new phase, move into an incredible space. The options of, so, and for do not indicate entry or transition in this way. Therefore, into is the most appropriate preposition to complete the phrase, both grammatically and metaphorically. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the verb and the object of movement. The verb is move and the object is an incredible space of liberation. Step 2: Recall that the standard preposition used with move to express entering a place or state is into. Step 3: Test option into: We move into an incredible space of liberation. This sounds natural and correctly describes entering a new metaphorical zone. Step 4: Test option of: We move of an incredible space of liberation. This is grammatically wrong and does not convey any clear meaning. Step 5: Test option so: We move so an incredible space of liberation is ungrammatical and cannot function as a preposition here. Step 6: Test option for: We move for an incredible space of liberation suggests purpose, not entry, and sounds awkward in this context. Step 7: Conclude that into is the only choice that fits both the verb and the intended metaphor of entering a mental or imaginative space. Verification / Alternative check: Consider similar sentences: We move into a new phase of life or We move into a world of imagination. In each case, into is the natural preposition, and replacing it with of, so, or for would make the sentence incorrect. Applying the same pattern here confirms that We move into an incredible space of liberation is the standard and correct construction. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Of is wrong because it usually indicates possession or composition, as in a space of liberation, not movement. So is wrong because it is primarily used as an adverb or conjunction, not as a preposition following move. For is wrong because it expresses purpose or benefit, as in move for a cause, and does not describe entering a space. None of these options correctly connects the verb move with the destination phrase. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may over focus on the abstract nature of the phrase space of liberation and forget that the basic verb move still requires a normal preposition of direction. Others may be tempted by for because it appears often in other contexts. The best strategy is to identify whether the sentence is describing movement into a place or state, and then default to into when that is the case. Final Answer: The correct preposition is into, giving the sentence: We move into an incredible space of liberation.

Question 9

In the following passage, a word has been left out. Select the correct option to fill the blank: We move into an incredible space of ______, primarily in thought, but perhaps more restrictively in defining beauty, or maybe even doing away with it.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze question focuses on choosing the correct noun to complete a philosophical or artistic statement. The passage talks about moving into an incredible space, primarily in thought, and then about defining beauty or even doing away with it. The missing word should express a strong sense of freedom or release that fits this abstract, reflective tone. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence fragment: We move into an incredible space of ______, primarily in thought. - Options: liberty, liberation, liberties, liberal. - The surrounding context mentions reimagining dance, music, thought, and love. - We assume that the writer is describing a mental or creative space connected with freedom and transformation. Concept / Approach: Liberty and liberation are related but not identical. Liberty refers to freedom in a general sense, while liberation emphasises the process or state of being set free from constraints. The phrase space of liberation is commonly used in discussions about art, creativity, and thought to highlight an active release from existing limitations. Liberties is usually a plural noun used in expressions like take liberties, and liberal is an adjective, not a noun. Considering both grammar and nuance, liberation best completes the phrase space of liberation. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the grammatical pattern: space of plus a noun. Therefore, the blank must be filled by a noun, not an adjective. Step 2: Examine liberty. Liberty is a noun meaning freedom, and space of liberty is possible but less commonly used in abstract philosophical writing. Step 3: Examine liberation. Liberation is also a noun, with the sense of being freed from restrictions. Space of liberation suggests an environment or mental zone where freeing and reimagining take place. Step 4: Examine liberties. This plural noun typically appears in phrases like take liberties with the truth and would not fit directly after space of. Step 5: Examine liberal. Liberal is an adjective, so it cannot directly fill the noun slot after of in this structure. Step 6: Considering the context of reimagining dance, music, and beauty, liberation conveys a more dynamic sense of freedom that aligns well with artistic and conceptual transformation. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full sentence with liberation: We move into an incredible space of liberation, primarily in thought. This reads smoothly and suggests a mental state in which old rules are broken and new possibilities are explored. If we insert liberty instead, the phrase space of liberty is understandable but slightly less natural in this reflective context. Liberties and liberal either break the grammar or distort the meaning. Therefore, liberation is both grammatically correct and stylistically strongest. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Liberty is not as strong a fit because it suggests a static state of freedom rather than the active process of being freed, which contrasts with the dynamic reimagining described in the passage. Liberties is wrong because the plural expression space of liberties sounds odd and does not match common usage; it also tends to carry a negative meaning when used in expressions about taking liberties. Liberal is wrong because it is an adjective and cannot fill the role of a noun after of in this sentence. Common Pitfalls: Learners often choose liberty simply because it is the most familiar noun, without considering collocations and stylistic nuance. They may also overlook the part of speech required by the structure space of plus noun. To avoid this, always check whether the blank requires a singular noun, plural noun, adjective, or verb, and then consider which word forms a natural phrase with the surrounding words. Final Answer: The correct word is liberation, giving the phrase space of liberation.

Question 10

In the following passage, a word has been left out. Select the correct option to fill the blank: We move into an incredible space of liberation, primarily in thought, but perhaps more restrictively in defining ______, or maybe even doing away with i…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze test sentence discusses redefining or even abandoning certain ideas while moving into a creative or liberated mental space. The phrase in defining ______, or maybe even doing away with it suggests that the missing word should be something that can be defined as a concept and then possibly discarded. The surrounding discussion of dance, music, and the way people talk, think, or love points toward an abstract notion connected with aesthetics. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence fragment: in defining ______, or maybe even doing away with it. - Options: beautifully, beauty, beautiful, beautify. - The pronoun it at the end refers back to the missing word. - The verb defining normally takes a noun as its object, such as defining truth, defining value, or defining beauty. Concept / Approach: The word that follows defining must be a noun because defining requires an object: defining what? Among the options, beauty is a noun referring to the quality of being pleasing to the senses or to the mind. Beautiful is an adjective, beautifully is an adverb, and beautify is a verb. The passage talks about defining beauty as an idea and possibly doing away with it, which fits perfectly with the author's reflective, artistic tone. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the grammatical structure: defining plus a noun as the object of defining. Step 2: Examine beautifully. This is an adverb, and we do not say defining beautifully unless we are talking about defining in a beautiful manner, which is not the case here. Step 3: Examine beauty. Beauty is a noun and can be directly defined as a concept. The phrase defining beauty is common in discussions of art and aesthetics. Step 4: Examine beautiful. This is an adjective and normally modifies a noun; it cannot stand alone as the object of defining. Step 5: Examine beautify. This is a verb meaning to make something beautiful, and it does not appropriately follow defining in this context. Step 6: Conclude that beauty is the only grammatically and conceptually correct choice. Verification / Alternative check: Complete the sentence with beauty: in defining beauty, or maybe even doing away with it. This fits the philosophical tone of the passage, where the writer is questioning existing ideas about what counts as beautiful. If we try beautifully, beautiful, or beautify, the sentence becomes awkward or ungrammatical: in defining beautifully makes no sense as a concept; in defining beautiful lacks a noun; in defining beautify misuses a verb as a noun. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Beautifully is wrong because it is an adverb and cannot act as the direct object of defining. Beautiful is wrong because it is an adjective and requires a noun to modify, such as beautiful art, not defining beautiful alone. Beautify is wrong because it is a verb that means to make something beautiful and cannot name the concept that is being defined or discarded. None of these forms fits the grammatical slot or the meaning of the sentence. Common Pitfalls: A common pitfall is to choose the most attractive sounding word or the one that feels poetic, such as beautiful or beautifully, without checking the grammar. Another mistake is not noticing that the pronoun it refers back to the missing word, which must therefore be a noun. To avoid these errors, always identify the grammatical function required by the verb before the blank, and check whether the pronoun reference at the end of the clause matches your choice. Final Answer: The correct word is beauty, giving the phrase in defining beauty, or maybe even doing away with it.

Question 11

In the following question, select the option that best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase: Be in force.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Idioms and fixed phrases often carry meanings that cannot be understood by translating the individual words literally. The expression in force, or be in force, appears in descriptions of laws, rules, and groups of people. In this question, you must select the option that captures the commonly used idiomatic meaning related to presence in large numbers or effective operation. Given Data / Assumptions: - Idiom: Be in force. - Options: To enjoy a short period of fame or power; In great strength or numbers; A hateful act done in a haste; Be the current winner. - We assume the exam is testing the general idiomatic sense rather than a narrow legal definition. Concept / Approach: In English, the phrase in force has two main uses. One refers to laws or regulations that are currently valid and operating: The rule is still in force. The other use describes people present in large numbers, often written as out in force: Supporters were out in force. Among the given options, In great strength or numbers best reflects this idiomatic idea of many people present or of strong presence. The other options describe different concepts such as temporary fame or winning a competition, which do not match the phrase. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall common examples: The new traffic laws are now in force, and Fans were out in force at the stadium. Step 2: In both uses, in force indicates that something is strongly present, either as an active law or as a large crowd. Step 3: Examine option In great strength or numbers. This describes a situation where many people or things appear together, which aligns with the idiom. Step 4: Examine option To enjoy a short period of fame or power. This refers to temporary popularity or influence, which involves time rather than presence in numbers. Step 5: Examine option A hateful act done in a haste. This suggests a sudden negative action and has no connection with laws or large groups. Step 6: Examine option Be the current winner. This relates to being ahead in a contest and does not match the meaning of in force. Step 7: Conclude that In great strength or numbers is the correct interpretation. Verification / Alternative check: Insert the meaning into typical sentences. The protestors were in force at the rally becomes The protestors were in great strength or numbers at the rally, which preserves the intended sense. The other options would change the meaning drastically and incorrectly. Similarly, if we think of the legal sense, a law in force is a law in strong effect or operation, which loosely links with the idea of strong presence, though the question focuses more on the numbers interpretation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: To enjoy a short period of fame or power is wrong because it describes duration of recognition, not presence or effectiveness. A hateful act done in a haste is wrong because it refers to a single action, often emotional and negative, and has no link to in force. Be the current winner is wrong because being a winner is a competitive status, not a measure of how many people or laws are present or effective. Common Pitfalls: Some learners confuse in force with in power or in fashion, mixing up phrases that refer to authority or trends. Others try to interpret the phrase literally, imagining physical strength rather than presence or operation. The safest method is to connect in force with well known collocations like out in force for crowds and in force for laws whenever you see this idiom in exams or reading texts. Final Answer: The idiom be in force means in great strength or numbers, often referring to laws in effect or crowds present in large numbers.

Question 12

In the following question, select the option that best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase: Make a scene.

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Introduction / Context: Idioms like make a scene are widely used in everyday spoken English, especially to describe embarrassing social situations. Understanding such phrases helps you follow conversations, films, and stories more easily. The expression does not literally mean to create a picture or stage set; instead, it refers to dramatic behaviour in public. Given Data / Assumptions: - Idiom: Make a scene. - Options: perform beautifully in front of an audience; make a public disturbance or excited emotional display; narrate an elaborate false story; describe a scene in so much detail that it comes vivid. - We assume the usual informal usage, as when someone is criticised for making a scene in a restaurant or at a family event. Concept / Approach: To make a scene means to behave in a loud, emotional, or dramatic way in public, drawing unwanted attention and often causing embarrassment for others. It usually involves shouting, crying, or arguing openly. Among the given options, make a public disturbance or excited emotional display precisely captures this idea. The other options focus on performance, storytelling, or description, none of which match the emotional outburst element of the idiom. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall typical contexts: She made a scene at the party when she started shouting at everyone, or He always makes a scene in shops when he is unhappy with service. Step 2: From these examples, identify the core meaning: dramatic, disruptive behaviour in public. Step 3: Examine option make a public disturbance or excited emotional display. This describes exactly the kind of loud, emotional behaviour implied by the idiom. Step 4: Examine option perform beautifully in front of an audience. This refers to a good artistic performance and has a positive tone, unlike the negative or embarrassing tone of make a scene. Step 5: Examine option narrate an elaborate false story. This relates more to telling lies or fantasies than to public emotional outbursts. Step 6: Examine option describe a scene in so much detail that it comes vivid. This deals with descriptive writing or speaking, not with disruptive social behaviour. Step 7: Conclude that only the second option expresses the correct meaning of the idiom. Verification / Alternative check: Insert the explanation into a sample sentence: She made a public disturbance or excited emotional display at the restaurant when her order was delayed. This accurately reflects what we mean by She made a scene at the restaurant. If we replace it with perform beautifully in front of an audience, the meaning changes completely and no longer matches the common usage of the idiom. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Perform beautifully in front of an audience is wrong because make a scene is usually negative or embarrassing, not a compliment about performance. Narrate an elaborate false story is wrong because it describes lying or inventing, which would be captured by expressions like make up a story, not make a scene. Describe a scene in so much detail that it comes vivid is wrong because it is about descriptive skill, again unrelated to emotional disturbance in public. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes interpret idioms literally and associate make a scene with painting or writing. Another pitfall is confusing it with make a story or make a show, which can have different connotations. The best way to master idioms is to remember them as fixed units with clear example sentences, not to analyse individual words inside them too strictly. Final Answer: The idiom make a scene means make a public disturbance or excited emotional display.

Question 13

Select the one-word substitute for the following description: Extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: One-word substitution questions ask you to condense a longer description into a single English word that captures the key elements of meaning. The description here involves a scene or state that is extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque. Such descriptions frequently appear in literature, travel writing, and reviews of rural or romantic settings. Given Data / Assumptions: - Description: Extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque. - Options: Idyllic, Abominable, Iota, Amiss. - Only one of these words can describe a scene or situation that is joyful, calm, and visually charming. - We assume the question refers to a general atmosphere or setting, not a specific person. Concept / Approach: The adjective idyllic is used to describe a place or experience that is extremely pleasant, peaceful, and often romantic or picturesque, like an ideal village or a perfect holiday. The other options have very different meanings: abominable means extremely bad or unpleasant; iota means a very small amount; amiss means wrong or out of place. Thus, idyllic is the only option that matches the positive, tranquil, and scenic qualities in the description. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the key ideas in the description: extreme happiness, peace, and a beautiful, picture like quality. Step 2: Examine idyllic. This adjective is often defined as extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque, especially of a place or time. Step 3: Examine abominable. This means very bad or disgusting, which is the opposite of what is described. Step 4: Examine iota. This is a noun meaning a very small quantity, not an adjective for scenery or feeling. Step 5: Examine amiss. This means not right or out of place, and is used in expressions like something is amiss. Step 6: Conclude that idyllic is the only word that fits both the grammar (adjective) and the positive descriptive meaning. Verification / Alternative check: Imagine a sentence such as They spent a week in an extremely happy, peaceful, and picturesque village by the lake. Replacing the longer phrase with one word gives They spent a week in an idyllic village by the lake, which conveys the same sense. None of the other options can replace the phrase without changing the meaning drastically: an abominable village would be terrible, an iota village makes no sense, and an amiss village sounds incorrect. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Abominable is wrong because it has a strongly negative meaning, completely opposed to happy and peaceful. Iota is wrong because it is a noun about quantity and does not describe atmosphere or scenery. Amiss is wrong because it implies something is faulty or not right, again the opposite of the idealised picture suggested by the description. None of these words captures the combination of joy, calm, and visual charm. Common Pitfalls: Some students may choose words they recognise without carefully matching them to the full description. Others might be unfamiliar with idyllic and therefore avoid it. To overcome this, it is helpful to learn high frequency literary adjectives like idyllic, tranquil, and serene, along with their typical contexts, so that you can confidently identify them in exams. Final Answer: The correct one-word substitute is Idyllic.

Question 14

Select the one-word substitute for the following description: Showing a lack of courage or confidence.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: One-word substitution items test whether you can match a precise definition with an appropriate English adjective or noun. The description here focuses on a person's character, specifically someone who shows a lack of courage or confidence. The correct word must reflect shyness, fearfulness, or hesitancy, not strength or bravery. Given Data / Assumptions: - Description: Showing a lack of courage or confidence. - Options: Tenacious, Indomitable, Timid, Gutsy. - The word must describe personality or behaviour rather than physical features. - We assume usual general English meanings of these adjectives. Concept / Approach: Timid is an adjective that means easily frightened, lacking in courage, or shy and hesitant. It directly matches the idea of lacking confidence or bravery. Tenacious means determined and persistent. Indomitable means impossible to defeat or subdue. Gutsy means brave or bold. Therefore, three of the options express strength and courage, while only timid expresses the opposite quality. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the key phrases in the definition: lack of courage and lack of confidence. Step 2: Examine Timid. This word is commonly defined as showing a lack of courage or confidence, easily frightened. Step 3: Examine Tenacious. This means holding firmly or being very determined, which is a strong and positive trait, not a fearful one. Step 4: Examine Indomitable. This describes someone who cannot be overcome, often used for courageous spirits. Step 5: Examine Gutsy. This informal adjective means brave or full of courage (having guts). Step 6: Conclude that Timid alone matches the idea of lacking courage or confidence. Verification / Alternative check: Use the words in sample sentences: The timid child hid behind his mother when strangers came versus The gutsy player never backed down from a challenge. The first sentence describes fearfulness, while the second praises bravery. Similarly, a tenacious or indomitable person is admired for persistence and strength, not seen as shy or lacking confidence. This contrast confirms that timid is the correct substitute. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Tenacious is wrong because it highlights determination and the ability to keep trying, which often requires courage. Indomitable is wrong because it celebrates someone who cannot be subdued or defeated, again implying great bravery. Gutsy is wrong because it directly indicates strong courage and bold action. All three of these words are almost the opposite of what the definition describes, which is why they cannot be correct here. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may confuse timid with terms like timidly and mistake part of speech, or they may be tempted by impressive sounding words like indomitable without checking the meaning carefully. To avoid this, always translate the given description into your own language and then pick the word that matches that translation most closely, rather than simply choosing the most complex option. Final Answer: The correct one-word substitute is Timid, which means showing a lack of courage or confidence.

Question 15

Choose the alternative that best improves the bracketed part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select ‘‘no improvement’’. The trick is in (keep) the flavours simple and fresh.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Sentence improvement questions test your understanding of correct grammatical patterns and common English expressions. In this sentence, the writer is explaining the key to success in preparing food: keeping the flavours simple and fresh. The phrase the trick is in is a fixed structure that is typically followed by a gerund (verb plus ing) when describing an activity or method. Given Data / Assumptions: - Original sentence: The trick is in (keep) the flavours simple and fresh. - Options: keeping, keeps, to keep, no improvement. - The subject is the trick and the phrase is in introduces the manner or method. - We assume the intended meaning is that the essential method involves keeping flavours simple and fresh. Concept / Approach: After expressions like the trick is in, the secret lies in, or the problem is in, English usually uses a gerund to describe the relevant action or activity. Keeping works as a gerund here, acting like a noun and describing the ongoing approach to flavours. Other forms such as keeps or to keep would change the structure and break the idiomatic flow. Therefore, we must choose the ing form to maintain correct grammar and natural usage. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the fixed phrase: the trick is in, which is used to introduce the key method or technique. Step 2: Recognise that in this structure, we typically follow in with a gerund: in adding, in mixing, in keeping. Step 3: Test option keeping: The trick is in keeping the flavours simple and fresh. This sounds natural and grammatically correct. Step 4: Test option keeps: The trick is in keeps the flavours simple and fresh is incorrect because keeps does not function as a noun or gerund here. Step 5: Test option to keep: The trick is in to keep the flavours simple and fresh is awkward and does not follow standard idiomatic patterns; we would normally say the trick is to keep if we removed in entirely. Step 6: Test option no improvement. Since the original bracketed form keep is incorrect in this structure, we cannot choose no improvement. Step 7: Conclude that keeping is the correct improvement. Verification / Alternative check: As an alternative, observe related sentences: The secret lies in choosing fresh ingredients. The success is in timing the dish correctly. In each case, choosing and timing are gerunds following in. Using keeps or to keep in those patterns would sound ungrammatical. The same logic applies to the current sentence, confirming that keeping is necessary to preserve the pattern. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Keeps is wrong because it is a finite verb form that needs its own subject and does not function as a noun phrase after in. To keep is wrong because the phrase would need to change to the trick is to keep rather than the trick is in to keep. No improvement is wrong because the base verb keep cannot appear directly after in without ing in this type of construction. Therefore, all these alternatives break the expected grammatical pattern. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse two correct patterns: the trick is to keep and the trick is in keeping. They may try to mix them and produce incorrect forms like the trick is in to keep or the trick is keep. To avoid this, remember that is to plus base verb is one pattern, and is in plus gerund is another; do not combine them in a single phrase. Choosing one pattern and applying it consistently ensures grammatical accuracy. Final Answer: The bracketed part should be replaced with keeping, so the correct sentence is: The trick is in keeping the flavours simple and fresh.

Question 16

In this English grammar question, you must select the alternative that best improves the bracketed part of the sentence; if no improvement is required, choose the option labelled no improvement: Yes, amazing things (has happen) with the launch of th…

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Introduction / Context: This English grammar question asks you to improve the verb phrase in the sentence Yes, amazing things (has happen) with the launch of the internet. The focus is on correct tense and subject verb agreement in present perfect structures. Such questions are very common in competitive exams that test accurate written English. Given Data / Assumptions: The subject in the main clause is the plural noun phrase amazing things. The bracketed verb phrase has happen is clearly ungrammatical. You need a grammatically correct alternative that fits both the plural subject and the time reference implied by the launch of the internet, which refers to a completed action with results that continue into the present. Concept / Approach: When we describe completed actions that have present relevance, we normally use the present perfect tense. The structure of the present perfect for plural subjects is have plus past participle. Therefore, with the subject amazing things we must use have plus the past participle of happen, which is happened. Any form that breaks this pattern will be incorrect for standard formal English in exam contexts. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the subject of the clause, which is the plural noun phrase amazing things.Step 2: Recognise that the sentence describes completed events connected to the present, so it requires the present perfect tense.Step 3: Recall the rule that present perfect for a plural subject uses have plus past participle.Step 4: Form the correct verb phrase have happened and insert it into the sentence.Step 5: Read the full sentence Yes, amazing things have happened with the launch of the internet and confirm that it sounds natural and grammatically correct. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify the answer by replacing the plural subject with a singular one. With a singular subject such as something amazing, the form would be has happened. That confirms that has goes with a singular subject while have goes with a plural subject. Since amazing things is plural, have happened is the only correct present perfect choice among the given options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: is happening uses the present continuous, which suggests an action in progress, not a series of completed changes over time. had happen is wrong because had must be followed by the past participle happened, not the base form happen. has happened is grammatically correct in isolation but does not agree with the plural subject amazing things, so it sounds wrong in standard written English. The option no improvement is incorrect because the original phrase has happen is clearly ungrammatical. Common Pitfalls: Candidates often confuse has and have with plural and singular subjects or forget to use the past participle after any auxiliary form of have. Another common error is using the continuous tense is happening when the context clearly refers to an overall result that has already taken place. Always match the auxiliary to the subject and ensure that perfect tenses use the past participle, not the base form of the verb. Final Answer: The correct improvement of the bracketed verb phrase is have happened, giving the final sentence Yes, amazing things have happened with the launch of the internet.

Question 17

The question below consists of a set of three labelled sentence fragments A, B, and C; from the options given, choose the most logical order to form one coherent sentence: I learnt he had A spoke about yoga, slums, and Indian B never been to India, …

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Introduction / Context: This question tests your ability to arrange labelled sentence fragments into a grammatically correct and logically coherent sentence. Such para jumbles or jumbled sentence questions are common in English comprehension sections because they check both grammar awareness and understanding of meaning and flow. Given Data / Assumptions: The base frame of the sentence is I learnt he had followed by three fragments: A spoke about yoga, slums, and Indian, B never been to India, yet he, and C cinema with conviction. The final sentence must describe a surprising fact that he had never visited India but still spoke confidently about Indian topics. Concept / Approach: You should first look for a fragment that can directly follow he had, because that is a helping verb that needs a past participle. Fragment B begins with never been, which is the past participle phrase that naturally follows he had. After that, the conjunction yet introduces contrast and is followed by a clause showing a surprising ability. That clause is formed by fragment A spoke about yoga, slums, and Indian and then rounded off by fragment C cinema with conviction, which completes the object phrase Indian cinema. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Attach he had to a suitable past participle phrase. The only fragment that fits is B never been to India, yet he.Step 2: Note that yet he at the end of B requires a finite verb to show what he did despite never visiting India.Step 3: Choose fragment A spoke about yoga, slums, and Indian as the verb clause that matches yet he.Step 4: Observe that Indian needs a noun to complete the phrase, which is supplied by fragment C cinema with conviction.Step 5: Combine them in the order B A C to get the complete sentence I learnt he had never been to India, yet he spoke about yoga, slums, and Indian cinema with conviction. Verification / Alternative check: If you try any other order, the grammar or meaning breaks. For example, A C B after I learnt he had gives I learnt he had spoke about yoga, slums, and Indian cinema with conviction never been to India, yet he, which is ungrammatical and illogical. The order B A C alone satisfies correct verb form had never been, a clear contrast with yet, and a meaningful object Indian cinema. Why Other Options Are Wrong: ACB, ABC, CBA, and CAB all fail either grammatically or logically. Some orders put spoke directly after had without the necessary past participle form. Others separate Indian from cinema so that the phrase Indian cinema never completes correctly. In several wrong orders, yet he appears at the end with nothing suitable to follow, leaving an incomplete clause. Only the order B A C yields a smooth, natural sentence. Common Pitfalls: Examinees often focus only on meaning and ignore verb forms like had plus past participle. Another frequent mistake is not noticing that Indian must be followed by a noun such as cinema. Always check that auxiliaries are followed by correct forms and that open phrases like yet he are properly completed by a full clause. Final Answer: The most logical and grammatically correct order of the fragments is BAC, producing the sentence I learnt he had never been to India, yet he spoke about yoga, slums, and Indian cinema with conviction.

Question 18

In the following spelling question, four versions of the same word are given; select the correctly spelt form of the word that refers to trees bearing cones and needle like leaves.

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Introduction / Context: This question tests spelling of a specific English adjective often used in geography and biology, namely the word that describes trees such as pine, fir, and spruce. Correct spelling is very important in descriptive questions, essays, and professional communication, so examiners regularly include such items to assess attention to detail. Given Data / Assumptions: You are given five similar looking options based on the word for cone bearing trees: coniferous, coniferos, coniferrous, coniferros, and conniferous. Only one of these is standard and accepted in good dictionaries. The others are deliberate distortions that add extra letters, remove letters, or change double and single consonants in confusing ways. Concept / Approach: The base noun is conifer, which refers to a cone bearing tree. The corresponding adjective is formed by adding the suffix ous to the base. When you add ous to conifer, you do not double any consonants or remove vowels. The resulting standard spelling is coniferous. Any variant that changes this structure by doubling r or n or dropping the final vowel is incorrect. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the base word conifer, which you may have seen in phrases like conifer forests or conifer belt.Step 2: Recall that the common adjectival suffix is ous, as in famous, dangerous, and spacious.Step 3: Attach ous directly to conifer to get coniferous without changing the spelling of the base word.Step 4: Compare this correct form with each option and select the one that exactly matches coniferous.Step 5: Confirm that none of the other options match the standard dictionary form. Verification / Alternative check: You can check by pronouncing the word slowly in syllables: co ni fer ous. The spelling coniferous mirrors this pronunciation and structure. Looking up a reliable dictionary will also confirm that coniferous is the accepted form used in academic and scientific writing, especially when describing vegetation zones in geography questions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: coniferos drops the final u, which breaks the standard suffix. coniferrous doubles the letter r unnecessarily and looks like a mixture of conifer and ferrous. coniferros not only doubles r but also changes the ending to eros, which is not the correct suffix. conniferous doubles the letter n, altering the base word conifer. These are all typical distractors that test if you can distinguish subtle spelling differences. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to assume that scientific sounding words must have double consonants or very complex spellings. In reality, many such words follow simple and regular patterns. Another pitfall is to focus only on the ending and ignore whether the base word has been altered. Always identify the root and the suffix separately when judging spellings. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word describing cone bearing trees is coniferous.

Question 19

In this error spotting sentence, some part may contain a grammatical mistake; identify the part that has the error or select the option meaning the sentence has no error: I seen (1) that it (2) is getting dark. (3) No error. (4)

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Introduction / Context: This question checks your understanding of correct verb forms in English, especially the difference between see, saw, and seen. Error spotting items like this are designed to train your eye to notice small but important grammatical mistakes that can change the quality of a sentence. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into numbered parts: I seen (1) that it (2) is getting dark. (3) No error. (4). You must decide which part contains the error or whether the sentence is fully correct. The context is a simple present observation about darkness setting in. Concept / Approach: In English, the verb see has the forms see in the present, saw in the simple past, and seen as the past participle, which must be used with an auxiliary verb such as have or had. The phrase I seen by itself is never correct because the past participle cannot stand alone as the main verb. For a simple present description of a current observation, the correct form is I see or I can see. For a description of a completed past action, you would say I saw or I have seen. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine part (1) I seen and recognise that seen is a past participle.Step 2: Check whether there is any auxiliary verb before seen. There is none, so the phrase is grammatically incomplete.Step 3: Look at the rest of the sentence that it is getting dark and note that it describes a situation happening now.Step 4: Conclude that the correct wording should be I see that it is getting dark or I can see that it is getting dark.Step 5: Therefore, the error lies in part (1), while parts (2) and (3) are grammatically correct. Verification / Alternative check: If you temporarily correct part (1) to I see and read the full sentence I see that it is getting dark, it sounds natural and correct. Alternatively, using a past description such as I saw that it was getting dark would require changing both verbs. Since the question presents the rest of the sentence in the present progressive, part (1) is the only place that clearly violates verb form rules. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part (2) that it is a normal connector introducing a subordinate clause and is grammatically sound. Part (3) is getting dark correctly uses the present continuous to describe an action in progress. The options claiming that there is no error are wrong because native like English never uses I seen without a helping verb. Therefore, only part (1) deserves to be marked as the erroneous segment. Common Pitfalls: Many learners overuse seen in speech and writing due to influence from non standard dialects. They may say I seen instead of I saw or I have seen. While such usage appears in informal speech in some regions, it is not acceptable in formal written exams. Always remember that past participles require an auxiliary verb and that simple past verbs like saw do not. Final Answer: The error is in Part (1) I seen, which should be replaced by a correct form such as I see or I saw depending on the intended tense.

Question 20

In the following English grammar sentence about taxation, one part may contain an error; choose the part that has the mistake or select the option indicating no error: The long term capital gains on listed securities (1) and the dividend tax on equi…

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Introduction / Context: This error spotting question uses a sentence from an economic policy context to test your understanding of correct infinitive structures in English. You are expected to locate the grammatical error in one of the numbered parts while keeping in mind that the sentence discusses tax measures and their purpose in stimulating demand in rural areas. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is divided into four parts: The long term capital gains on listed securities (1); and the dividend tax on equity mutual funds are the right steps (2); to generate resources required for drive demand in rural India. (3); No error. (4). The meaning is that certain taxes are considered appropriate steps to raise resources in order to drive demand in rural India. Concept / Approach: The key structure here is to generate resources required to drive demand. After the phrase resources required, the verb drive must appear in the infinitive form to drive to show purpose. The sequence required for drive demand is ungrammatical because for normally takes a gerund or noun, such as for driving demand, not the bare infinitive drive. Correct formal English would use either required to drive demand or required for driving demand. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part (1) and check for subject verb issues. It clearly presents a correct noun phrase about long term capital gains on listed securities.Step 2: Examine part (2) and verify that it joins the two tax measures and states that they are the right steps, which is grammatically correct.Step 3: Focus on part (3) to generate resources required for drive demand in rural India and notice the awkward phrase for drive demand.Step 4: Recall that after required, when you express purpose, the usual pattern is required to plus base verb.Step 5: Conclude that the phrase should read required to drive demand in rural India, and therefore part (3) contains the grammatical error. Verification / Alternative check: If you rewrite part (3) as to generate resources required to drive demand in rural India, the whole sentence becomes smooth and accurate. No other part of the sentence has a clear grammatical issue. The economic idea also becomes clearer, since the taxes raise resources that are then used to stimulate rural demand. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part (1) correctly describes long term capital gains on listed securities and does not misuse any tense or preposition. Part (2) has an accurate compound subject and verb agreement, stating that the tax measures are the right steps. The options suggesting that there is no error misjudge the very visible problem of for drive demand. Only part (3) misuses the preposition for followed by a bare verb form, which is not acceptable in standard written English here. Common Pitfalls: Many candidates focus only on economic terms and overlook small grammar issues inside complex phrases. Another common mistake is assuming that for plus base verb is always acceptable because it appears in phrases like for example or for instance. In fact, for usually links to nouns or gerunds, while required is more naturally followed by to plus base verb when expressing purpose. Final Answer: The erroneous part is Part (3) to generate resources required for drive demand in rural India, which should be corrected to required to drive demand in rural India.

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