Question 1

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the English expression “take the bull by the horns”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Idioms are fixed expressions whose meanings cannot always be guessed from the literal meanings of the individual words. The phrase “take the bull by the horns” is a popular English idiom used in newspapers, speeches and everyday conversations. Exam questions often ask you to choose the option that best explains such idioms in simple language. Understanding this idiom helps you describe bold and decisive behaviour in difficult situations. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiom given is “take the bull by the horns”. You must choose the option that gives the closest meaning. The options are: crush something with a heavy hand, grapple the situation courageously, close your eyes and attack the bull, take defensive measures to deal with a crisis. Concept / Approach: The central image of this idiom is a bull, which is strong, dangerous and difficult to control. Holding such a bull by its horns suggests facing the danger directly and bravely instead of running away or hiding. Therefore, the idiom is used when a person tackles a difficult problem or crisis in a direct, bold and determined manner. The correct option must capture this sense of brave confrontation, not cruelty, panic or mere defence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Visualise the image of a person taking a bull firmly by its horns, which symbolises facing danger head-on. Step 2: Translate that image into abstract meaning: to confront a problem or difficulty directly and bravely. Step 3: Check option a) “crush something with a heavy hand”. This suggests harsh or oppressive treatment, which is not what the idiom emphasises. Step 4: Check option b) “grapple the situation courageously”. This exactly matches the idea of dealing with a difficult situation boldly and directly. Step 5: Check option c) “close your eyes and attack the bull”. Closing your eyes suggests blindness or recklessness, not wise courage. Step 6: Check option d) “take defensive measures to deal with a crisis”. This reflects a defensive, protective approach, whereas the idiom suggests active, direct confrontation. Step 7: Conclude that option b) is the closest and most accurate explanation. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify the meaning by placing the idiom in a sentence: “Instead of delaying the decision, the manager decided to take the bull by the horns and announce the tough policy.” This clearly means he dealt with the difficult situation bravely and directly. Replacing it with “crush something with a heavy hand” or “take defensive measures” does not convey the correct idea. Similarly, “closing your eyes and attacking” sounds rash, not intelligently courageous. Therefore, the explanation “grapple the situation courageously” best mirrors real usage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “Crush something with a heavy hand” focuses on excessive force or cruelty, which is not the core idea of this idiom. “Close your eyes and attack the bull” introduces the idea of blindness or foolishness, which the idiom does not imply. “Take defensive measures to deal with a crisis” emphasises protection and caution rather than bold, direct action. All three distract from the positive sense of brave initiative expressed by the idiom. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to interpret idioms too literally and think they must involve actual bulls, animals or physical fighting. Another mistake is to choose an option that sounds dramatic but fails to capture the correct emotional tone. Remember that idioms in exam questions almost always have a well-established figurative meaning that you can find in dictionaries. Regular reading of good newspapers and noting idioms in context will strengthen your ability to recognise such meanings instantly. Final Answer: “Take the bull by the horns” means grapple the situation courageously.

Question 2

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the phrase “a gentleman at large”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The phrase “a gentleman at large” is an idiomatic expression used in older English literature and sometimes in exam questions. The words taken separately may mislead learners into thinking it refers simply to a well-mannered man walking freely. However, idioms have established meanings that may differ from the obvious literal sense. This problem asks you to choose the option that best explains this particular idiom in simple and direct language. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiomatic phrase is “a gentleman at large”. You must select the alternative that expresses its correct sense. The options are: a man in the crowd, a man without a job, a man who runs around, a man who is generous. Concept / Approach: The expression “at large” can have several meanings in English, such as “at liberty”, “not confined to one place” or “without a specific role or occupation”. In the idiom “a gentleman at large”, the key idea is that the man is living without any fixed employment or definite work, often moving about freely and supported by others or by his own resources. In older usage, it can carry a slightly humorous or critical tone, suggesting a person who lives comfortably without doing regular work. So the best explanation will revolve around being without a job or settled occupation, not about crowds, generosity or random running around. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note that “gentleman” refers to a man of some social status or manners. Step 2: Understand that “at large” in this idiom does not mean “big” but suggests a free, unconfined state without a fixed position or duty. Step 3: Check option a) “a man in the crowd”. This is far too general and ignores the “at large” sense of having no fixed role. Step 4: Check option b) “a man without a job”. This matches the idea of someone who has no regular employment and “moves at large”. Step 5: Check option c) “a man who runs around”. This emphasises physical movement rather than social condition or employment. Step 6: Check option d) “a man who is generous”. Nothing in the phrase indicates generosity; this is unrelated. Step 7: Conclude that option b) “a man without a job” is the most accurate explanation in the exam context. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a sentence: “After losing his post in the company, he became a gentleman at large, living off his savings and social contacts.” In this context, the phrase clearly points to a life without regular work, not to generosity or frantic movement. Similarly, “He has been a gentleman at large for many years” implies an idle or unemployed gentleman. Substituting “man in the crowd” or “generous man” does not produce the same sense. Therefore, “a man without a job” is the best fit among the options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “A man in the crowd” only talks about physical presence in a group and fails to convey the idea of lacking fixed employment. “A man who runs around” focuses on activity level but not on social or occupational status. “A man who is generous” introduces a moral quality that is completely absent from the idiom. Only the option describing someone without a job lines up with the idiomatic use of “at large” in this expression. Common Pitfalls: Many learners confuse “at large” with being “in public” or “among people” and may wrongly assume it refers to any man in a crowd or in society. Others look at the word “gentleman” and connect it with positive traits like generosity, which again is not relevant here. To avoid such errors, remember that idioms must be learned from examples and dictionaries rather than guessed purely from word parts. Regular exposure to authentic English texts will make such phrases feel familiar instead of puzzling. Final Answer: “A gentleman at large” means a man without a job.

Question 3

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the expression “lose face”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The idiom “lose face” is common in modern English, especially in discussions about reputation, prestige and honour. It appears frequently in news reports, office conversations and exam passages. This question asks you to pick the option that best explains the meaning of “lose face” in simple terms. Knowing such idioms helps you interpret subtle shades of meaning in real-life communication and in reading comprehension passages. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiom tested is “lose face”. You must select the alternative closest in meaning. The options are: become embarrassed, feel angry, get injured, feel surprised. No grammar trick is involved; it is purely semantic. Concept / Approach: The expression “lose face” does not literally refer to losing one’s physical face. Instead, it means losing respect, prestige or honour in front of others, usually because something embarrassing or dishonourable happens. When someone loses face, people think less highly of them. Among the options, we must choose the one that best captures this idea of embarrassment and loss of social standing, rather than physical harm or simple emotional reactions like anger or surprise. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Fix the meaning of “lose face” as losing respect or feeling deeply embarrassed in public. Step 2: Check option a) “become embarrassed”. When someone becomes embarrassed, they feel ashamed or awkward, often in front of others; this is very close to losing face. Step 3: Check option b) “feel angry”. Anger may arise when someone loses face, but the idiom itself does not mean “to feel angry”. Step 4: Check option c) “get injured”. This suggests physical harm and is unrelated to reputation or respect. Step 5: Check option d) “feel surprised”. Surprise is simply a reaction to the unexpected and does not involve loss of respect. Step 6: Conclude that “become embarrassed” is the best match for the sense of losing face. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a sentence: “The minister did not want to lose face by admitting his mistake in front of the media.” Here, “lose face” clearly means to appear weak, guilty or foolish before others and therefore feel embarrassed. If we replace it with “feel angry” or “get injured”, the sentence no longer makes sense. But replacing it with “become embarrassed” preserves the intended meaning. Thus, option a) is clearly correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “Feel angry” is wrong because anger is a separate emotional reaction and not the meaning of the idiom itself. “Get injured” misinterprets “face” as a purely physical body part rather than a metaphor for reputation. “Feel surprised” is too neutral and does not indicate loss of honour or shame. These options are included to test whether you are thinking literally and emotionally instead of understanding the fixed idiomatic meaning. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes assume that idioms must always have strong or dramatic meanings and may look for options that sound more intense, such as anger or injury. Another mistake is to focus on only one part of the phrase (for example, just “face”) and imagine all possible meanings. Remember that idioms are fixed expressions whose meanings should be learned as units. Practice by noting idioms when you read and writing their explanations in your own words to strengthen memory. Final Answer: “Lose face” means become embarrassed or lose respect in the eyes of others.

Question 4

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the expression “build castles in the air”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: “Build castles in the air” is a classic English idiom that appears in storybooks, essays and competitive exam papers. It uses a vivid image to describe a common human habit: thinking about grand but unrealistic plans. In this question you must choose the option that best captures the figurative meaning of the idiom, not its literal picture of actual castles floating in the air. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiom given is “build castles in the air”. We must choose the closest meaning among the options. The options are: work tirelessly, fly, dream, film something. The focus is on vocabulary and idiom usage. Concept / Approach: The image of constructing castles in the air suggests creating beautiful but imaginary structures that cannot stand on real ground. The idiom therefore refers to making unrealistic plans, daydreaming or imagining grand achievements without practical basis. The correct alternative should reflect this idea of dreaming, especially in a fanciful or impractical way. We then compare each option with this core sense and eliminate any that talk about completely different activities like working hard or making films. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand that the idiom is metaphorical, not literal; no real castles are being built in the sky. Step 2: Fix the meaning as daydreaming or making unrealistic, fanciful plans. Step 3: Evaluate option a) “work tirelessly”. This is about working hard, which is almost the opposite of idle daydreaming. Step 4: Evaluate option b) “fly”. This is a literal physical action and has no direct relation to making unrealistic plans. Step 5: Evaluate option c) “dream”. This aligns very well, especially in the sense of daydreaming about impossible things. Step 6: Evaluate option d) “film something”. This refers to shooting a movie and is unrelated to the idiom's meaning. Step 7: Conclude that option c) “dream” is the correct explanation. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a sentence: “Instead of working on his project, he keeps building castles in the air about becoming a billionaire overnight.” Here, the idiom clearly means he is lost in unrealistic dreams rather than taking practical action. Replacing it with “working tirelessly” would completely change the meaning, and “flying” or “filming something” would make no sense. Replacing it with “keeps dreaming about becoming a billionaire overnight” preserves the original sense, confirming that “dream” is the correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “Work tirelessly” is almost opposite to the idea of idle, unrealistic dreaming. “Fly” describes a physical activity and does not capture the notion of unrealistic planning. “Film something” is about making movies and is not connected with building imaginary castles in the mind. These distractor options are designed to see whether you recognise the idiom or only guess from isolated words. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates think that an idiom must have a very complicated explanation and may ignore a simple, correct option like “dream”. Others mix this expression with “castles” or “palaces” in real-estate contexts and imagine it has something to do with property construction. The best strategy is to learn a list of common idioms with short explanations and revise them regularly. Over time, the correct meanings will become intuitive, and such questions will feel easy marks in the exam. Final Answer: “Build castles in the air” means to dream, especially to make unrealistic or fanciful plans.

Question 5

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the phrasal verb “fall back on”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: “Fall back on” is a common phrasal verb used in everyday English and in formal writing. It appears frequently in discussions about finances, support systems and backup plans. Exam questions often test whether you know the precise meaning of such phrasal verbs. This item asks you to choose the option that best captures the meaning of “fall back on” in simple, clear language. Given Data / Assumptions: The phrasal verb is “fall back on”. The task is to choose its closest meaning. The options are: retreat, overtaken, suffer an accident, resort to something. Concept / Approach: The expression “fall back on” does not refer to literally falling or moving backward. Instead, it refers to using something for help or support when the first choice has failed. For example, people may fall back on savings when they lose a job, or students may fall back on memorised notes when understanding fails. Thus the core sense is to “resort to” some backup resource or option. Among the given alternatives, we must pick the one that expresses this idea most directly. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Fix the meaning of “fall back on” as to use something as a last resort or backup support. Step 2: Examine option a) “retreat”. This means to move back or withdraw, usually in a physical or military sense. It does not mention using a backup resource. Step 3: Examine option b) “overtaken”. This describes being passed or caught by something or someone and is unrelated to the idea of using a backup. Step 4: Examine option c) “suffer an accident”. This is completely unrelated in meaning to relying on support or backup. Step 5: Examine option d) “resort to something”. This fits perfectly, because to resort to something is to turn to it for help when other things fail. Step 6: Conclude that option d) correctly explains the phrasal verb. Verification / Alternative check: Consider the sentence: “When his business failed, he had to fall back on his savings.” Replace “fall back on” with “resort to” and you get, “he had to resort to his savings”, which has the same meaning. If you try replacing it with “retreat”, “overtaken” or “suffer an accident”, the sentence becomes meaningless. This quick substitution test confirms that “resort to something” is the correct explanation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “Retreat” focuses on moving back, not on using a backup resource. “Overtaken” refers to being passed or caught up and shares no semantic overlap with the idiom. “Suffer an accident” is completely unrelated and is included to test whether you are paying attention to the phrasal verb as a whole rather than just the word “fall”. These distractors highlight the importance of learning phrasal verbs as fixed combinations whose meanings cannot always be predicted from individual words. Common Pitfalls: Many learners incorrectly guess meanings of phrasal verbs by focusing on only the main verb, here “fall”. They may connect it with physical movement or failure and miss the actual idiomatic sense. Another pitfall is guessing based on partial recall of similar expressions like “fallback position”, which indeed refers to a backup plan but may confuse the learner. The safest way is to memorise high-frequency phrasal verbs with short definitions and example sentences, then regularly revise them. Final Answer: “Fall back on” means to resort to something as a backup or last resort.

Question 6

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the expression “go to rack and ruin”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The idiom “go to rack and ruin” is often used in English to describe houses, businesses, cities or even moral standards that have been neglected and allowed to decay. It is a favourite in exam questions because its individual words are old-fashioned and do not directly reveal the full meaning to modern learners. The task here is to select the option that most accurately captures the overall sense of the expression. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiom is “go to rack and ruin”. We need the alternative that best expresses its meaning. The options are: a state of utter chaos, a state of despair, a condition of exhilaration, get into a bad condition. Concept / Approach: Historically, “rack and ruin” refers to destruction and severe deterioration. When something “goes to rack and ruin”, it is not just experiencing temporary chaos; it has been allowed to decay physically or metaphorically over time. The key idea is progressive neglect leading to a bad, damaged or ruined condition. The correct option must therefore express getting into a poor, ruined state, not simply feeling upset or excited. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Fix the meaning of the idiom as “to become badly damaged, neglected or ruined”. Step 2: Examine option a) “a state of utter chaos”. Chaos means confusion and disorder, which can be part of ruin, but chaos can also be temporary; it is not the full idea of decay and deterioration. Step 3: Examine option b) “a state of despair”. Despair is an emotional state, not a description of a building or system, so it is not suitable. Step 4: Examine option c) “a condition of exhilaration”. Exhilaration means great happiness or excitement, which is clearly the opposite of ruin. Step 5: Examine option d) “get into a bad condition”. This expresses the idea that something becomes damaged, neglected or ruined over time. Step 6: Conclude that option d) most closely matches the idiom's meaning. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a sentence: “After the factory closed, the whole neighbourhood went to rack and ruin.” This clearly means that the area deteriorated, buildings broke down and overall conditions became poor. Replacing the phrase with “got into a bad condition” preserves the meaning: “the whole neighbourhood got into a bad condition.” Replacing it with “entered a state of utter chaos” might fit partially, but chaos does not necessarily include physical decay. Using “a state of despair” or “a condition of exhilaration” clearly fails. This confirms option d) as the best choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “A state of utter chaos” focuses on confusion but not on long-term decay and neglect, so the match is incomplete. “A state of despair” describes human feelings, not the condition of property or systems. “A condition of exhilaration” is positive and entirely opposite to the gloomy idea of ruin. The idiom is usually used for houses, gardens, towns or organisations, emphasising their bad, neglected condition rather than emotional states. Common Pitfalls: Learners may be distracted by the dramatic sound of “utter chaos” and select it without thinking about the full nuance of ruin and decay. Others may be unfamiliar with the word “rack” and guess based on only half the phrase. The best defence is to read more examples of idioms in context and note the typical nouns they combine with; for example “house going to rack and ruin” or “farm going to rack and ruin” naturally suggests physical deterioration. Final Answer: “Go to rack and ruin” means to get into a bad condition through neglect and decay.

Question 7

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the expression “bite the dust”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The idiom “bite the dust” is a colourful expression commonly used in spoken English, books and films. It often appears in exam questions because learners may interpret it too literally. The phrase does not refer to eating dust in a physical sense; instead, it has a figurative meaning connected with failure or defeat. This question asks you to choose the option that best matches that figurative sense. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiom is “bite the dust”. You must pick the most appropriate meaning among four options. The options are: eat poorly, suffer a defeat, clean something, attack and defeat somebody. Concept / Approach: Historically, “bite the dust” painted a picture of someone falling forward onto the ground in battle, literally putting their face into the dust. Over time, this visual image came to symbolise defeat, failure or even death. In modern usage, it is widely used for businesses, plans, machines or teams that fail. Therefore, the correct option must focus on suffering defeat or failure, not on eating badly, cleaning or attacking others. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Fix the figurative meaning: “bite the dust” means to fail, to be defeated or sometimes to cease to exist. Step 2: Check option a) “eat poorly”. Although “bite” suggests eating, the idiom as a whole is not about food. Step 3: Check option b) “suffer a defeat”. This directly captures the idea of being beaten in a contest or plan. Step 4: Check option c) “clean something”. Dust and cleaning are related literally, but this has nothing to do with losing. Step 5: Check option d) “attack and defeat somebody”. This describes causing someone else to lose, whereas “bite the dust” normally refers to the subject suffering defeat. Step 6: Conclude that option b) is the closest and best explanation. Verification / Alternative check: Use an example sentence: “Several small companies have bitten the dust after the new regulation.” Here, it clearly means those companies have failed or gone out of business. Replacing “bitten the dust” with “suffered a defeat” or “failed badly” fits well. Replacing it with “ate poorly”, “cleaned something” or “attacked and defeated somebody” makes no sense in this context. This practical test confirms that “suffer a defeat” is the correct choice in the list. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “Eat poorly” is a misinterpretation based only on the word “bite”, ignoring the idiomatic unit. “Clean something” connects to “dust” literally but does not match the phrase’s actual usage. “Attack and defeat somebody” reverses the direction of defeat: in the idiom, the subject is the loser, not the winner. These distractor options are designed to check whether you understand that idioms must be interpreted as fixed expressions rather than word by word. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse “bite the dust” with other idioms involving dust or food and guess randomly. Another pitfall is to assume that any vivid phrase must have something to do with aggression or violence, so they may be tempted by “attack and defeat somebody”. The safest strategy is to learn common idioms along with at least one example sentence, so that when you see them in a test, their meaning comes back to you immediately in context. Final Answer: “Bite the dust” means to suffer a defeat or fail completely.

Question 8

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the expression “have a chip on one's shoulder”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The idiom “have a chip on one's shoulder” is frequently used in modern English to describe a person who is easily offended or deeply resentful about something. It appears in newspapers, self-help books and conversation. In competitive exams, it is tested to see if you can interpret the figurative meaning correctly. The question here asks you to choose the alternative that best expresses this meaning in simple language. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiom is “have a chip on one's shoulder”. You must select the closest explanation. The options are: nurse a grudge, feel physically tall, suffer an ailment, carry a burden. Concept / Approach: Historically, the expression comes from the practice of a person literally placing a small chip of wood on their shoulder and daring others to knock it off, which would start a fight. Symbolically, it represents a person who is always ready to take offence because they already have some unresolved resentment. Thus, the idiom means to nurture a sense of grievance or grudge, often about some past insult or unfairness. The correct option should capture this idea of ongoing resentment, not physical height, illness or general burden. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Fix the meaning of the idiom: to have a long-standing feeling of resentment and to be easily offended. Step 2: Examine option a) “nurse a grudge”. This means to keep a feeling of resentment alive over time, which matches the idiom closely. Step 3: Examine option b) “feel physically tall”. This refers to body height, which is not suggested by the expression. Step 4: Examine option c) “suffer an ailment”. This describes illness and is unrelated to emotional resentment. Step 5: Examine option d) “carry a burden”. While this can be metaphorical, it is general and does not specifically point to resentment or ready anger. Step 6: Conclude that option a) is the best and most precise explanation. Verification / Alternative check: Consider the sentence: “He has had a chip on his shoulder ever since he was passed over for promotion.” Here, the meaning is that he has been nursing a grudge and remains touchy or easily offended about that incident. If we substitute “nurses a grudge”, the sentence still works perfectly. Replacing it with “feels physically tall”, “suffers an ailment” or “carries a burden” would not make sense. This practical substitution check confirms that “nurse a grudge” is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “Feel physically tall” is a distraction based on the word “shoulder” and has nothing to do with resentment. “Suffer an ailment” incorrectly treats the phrase as if it described a medical condition. “Carry a burden” is too general; it might refer to responsibility, work or guilt, but it does not directly express the sense of ongoing grievance. Only “nurse a grudge” captures the emotional and attitudinal meaning of the idiom accurately. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes focus only on “shoulder” and imagine the phrase must describe some physical strain or posture. Others treat “chip” as a large object and think of heavy burdens. The key is to remember that many idioms evolved from old customs whose literal details are no longer obvious. Regular reading and use of learner's dictionaries to check idioms will help you avoid such misinterpretations and score full marks on these questions. Final Answer: “To have a chip on one's shoulder” means to nurse a grudge and be ready to take offence.

Question 9

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the expression “the seamy side”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The expression “the seamy side” is used in English to describe the dark, unpleasant or morally ugly aspect of something, such as society, city life or a glamorous profession. The word “seamy” comes from “seam”, referring to the rough inner side of a garment where the seams show. In this idiom question you must pick the option that best explains this figurative meaning in simple words. Given Data / Assumptions: The idiomatic phrase is “the seamy side”. The task is to choose the closest explanation. The options are: on the right side, unpleasant aspect, visible aspects, on the left side of something. Concept / Approach: When we say “the seamy side of life” or “the seamy side of the city”, we mean the parts that are hidden, dirty, corrupt or morally questionable. It is a contrast to the bright, attractive, polished side that people proudly display. The correct alternative must therefore convey the notion of an unpleasant or sordid aspect, not a physical direction such as right or left, nor the neutral idea of something merely visible. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Fix in mind that “the seamy side” refers to the dark, unpleasant or morally ugly aspect of something. Step 2: Examine option a) “on the right side”. This option introduces physical direction and does not mention unpleasantness. Step 3: Examine option b) “unpleasant aspect”. This accurately summarises the idiomatic sense. Step 4: Examine option c) “visible aspects”. Visibility is neutral and does not carry a negative meaning. Step 5: Examine option d) “on the left side of something”. Again, this talks only about direction, not about negative qualities. Step 6: Conclude that option b) is the correct explanation. Verification / Alternative check: Use an example: “The documentary showed the seamy side of the fashion industry, including exploitation and harsh working conditions.” Here, the phrase clearly refers to the unpleasant, hidden realities behind the glamorous surface. If we replace it with “the unpleasant aspect of the fashion industry”, the sentence still carries the same meaning. Substituting “right side”, “visible aspects” or “left side” would not capture this negative sense and would sound odd or meaningless. This confirms that “unpleasant aspect” is the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “On the right side” and “on the left side of something” both talk about position in space and do not express any moral or aesthetic judgement. “Visible aspects” simply means the parts that can be seen; the seamy side is often hidden rather than openly visible. None of these options convey the idea of something ugly, sordid or morally questionable. Only “unpleasant aspect” summarises the idiom accurately. Common Pitfalls: Some learners guess based on the unfamiliar word “seamy” and link it to “seem” or “see”, leading them towards “visible aspects”. Others think that any phrase containing “side” must refer to left or right. The correct way is to remember common collocations such as “seamy side of life” and to study idioms as whole units. Creating your own example sentences and reading them aloud can help fix both form and meaning in your memory. Final Answer: “The seamy side” means the unpleasant aspect of something, especially of life or society.

Question 10

In this idiom question, choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the proverb-like expression “too many Chiefs and not enough Indians”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The expression “too many Chiefs and not enough Indians” is an informal proverb-like idiom used in English to describe a situation where there are many people trying to lead or give orders but very few people actually doing the work. It often appears in workplace conversations and sometimes in exam questions. Here, you are asked to choose the option that best captures this meaning in simple terms. Given Data / Assumptions: The expression is “too many Chiefs and not enough Indians”. The task is to choose the alternative that reflects its meaning. The options are: a proud gathering, an inefficient situation, an anti-national meeting, a top-level meeting. Concept / Approach: The word “Chiefs” symbolises leaders, bosses or people who want to command. “Indians” in this old idiom symbolises ordinary workers or followers. The expression criticises an organisational imbalance where everyone wants to be a leader and no one wants to do basic work, which makes the system inefficient. Therefore, the correct choice must describe an arrangement where tasks are not completed effectively because there are too many people in charge and too few helpers. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Fix the meaning: a situation with many leaders and very few workers, leading to poor functioning. Step 2: Examine option a) “a proud gathering”. This tells us nothing about leadership or work distribution; it is too vague. Step 3: Examine option b) “an inefficient situation”. This fits well, because an imbalance between leaders and workers naturally leads to inefficiency. Step 4: Examine option c) “an anti-national meeting”. This is unrelated and seems to misuse the word “Indians” literally. Step 5: Examine option d) “a top-level meeting”. A high-level meeting might have many chiefs, but the expression is not specifically about meetings; it is about overall work distribution. Step 6: Conclude that option b) best summarises the meaning of the idiom. Verification / Alternative check: Imagine a company department where there are five managers but only one junior staff member to do all the work. People might say, “In that department there are too many Chiefs and not enough Indians.” Clearly they mean the department cannot function efficiently. Replacing the expression with “it is an inefficient situation” preserves this meaning. The other options, such as “proud gathering” or “top-level meeting”, do not mention inefficiency or imbalance in work roles. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “A proud gathering” does not indicate anything about work, leadership or roles. “An anti-national meeting” is completely off-topic and misinterprets the cultural reference in the idiom. “A top-level meeting” refers only to senior people meeting, not to the lack of workers. None of these capture the central idea of organisational inefficiency caused by too many leaders and not enough doers. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes focus on the words “Chiefs” and “Indians” literally and get confused, thinking it refers to a political or national issue. Others may assume the expression simply refers to an important or prestigious gathering. Remember that proverbs and idioms often use historical or cultural images in a symbolic way. When studying such expressions, focus on the situation they describe in modern usage rather than on the literal ethnic or cultural words used historically. Final Answer: “Too many Chiefs and not enough Indians” refers to an inefficient situation where there are too many leaders and too few workers.

Question 11

In this sentence arrangement question, the first and last parts are fixed; choose the option that gives the most logical order of the parts P, Q, R and S about fishes laying eggs and leaving them.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question belongs to the sentence arrangement or jumbled paragraph type, where the first and last sentences are fixed and the middle parts (labelled P, Q, R, S) must be put in the most logical order. The passage discusses the way some fishes lay eggs and then abandon them. Your task is to determine the sequence that produces a coherent and smoothly flowing paragraph from the given fragments. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence 1: Some animals like fishes lay eggs and leave them. Sentence 6: Is this not something terrible? Yet, it is a fact. P: The mother does not care for the eggs at all. Q: They lay thousands of eggs at a time but do not look after them. R: Most of the eggs die and only a few of them develop into fishes. S: She simply leaves the eggs and never comes back to them. We must choose among combinations: QPSR, PSQR, RQPS, QSPR. Concept / Approach: To arrange the sentences logically, we look for a natural flow of ideas: general statement to details, proper use of pronouns, cause–effect relationships and a progression that leads smoothly to the concluding remark. The first sentence introduces fishes that lay eggs and leave them. The pronoun “they” in Q naturally refers back to “some animals like fishes” in sentence 1. After describing the act of laying many eggs and not looking after them, it makes sense to focus specifically on the mother’s lack of care (P), then describe her act of leaving (S), and finally explain the consequence on the eggs (R) just before the emotional evaluation in sentence 6. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Start with sentence 1: “Some animals like fishes lay eggs and leave them.” This introduces the topic. Step 2: Look for the sentence that most naturally follows. Q begins with “They lay thousands of eggs at a time but do not look after them.” The pronoun “they” clearly refers to “some animals like fishes”, and it adds a quantitative detail (thousands of eggs), so Q is a strong candidate to come next. Step 3: After Q explains that the animals do not look after the eggs, P (“The mother does not care for the eggs at all.”) narrows this to the behaviour of the mother fish. This continues the idea of lack of care. Step 4: S (“She simply leaves the eggs and never comes back to them.”) follows logically, giving a specific action that results from the mother’s lack of concern described in P. Step 5: R (“Most of the eggs die and only a few of them develop into fishes.”) gives the consequence of the behaviour described in Q, P and S, naturally leading into the emotional reaction in sentence 6. Step 6: The sequence thus becomes 1 – Q – P – S – R – 6, which corresponds to option QPSR. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full paragraph with the proposed order: “Some animals like fishes lay eggs and leave them. They lay thousands of eggs at a time but do not look after them. The mother does not care for the eggs at all. She simply leaves the eggs and never comes back to them. Most of the eggs die and only a few of them develop into fishes. Is this not something terrible? Yet, it is a fact.” The paragraph flows smoothly, with each sentence adding a clear step: general fact, numerical detail, statement of indifference, description of action, consequence and emotional conclusion. None of the other sequences produce such a smooth, cause–effect-driven narrative. Why Other Options Are Wrong: In PSQR, P would follow sentence 1, but then Q would awkwardly move from “The mother” back to “They”, disturbing the reference chain. In RQPS, the consequence (R) would come before the detailed description of behaviour, making the structure less logical. In QSPR, Q is followed by S directly, but then P appears, which is strange because “she simply leaves the eggs” (S) should logically follow the statement “the mother does not care for the eggs at all” (P), not precede it. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to arrange sentences purely by spotting pronouns without considering cause and effect or progression of detail. Another mistake is not checking whether the final sentence naturally leads into the conclusion. To avoid these pitfalls, always re-read the full paragraph with your chosen order and see whether it reads like a natural, well-written explanation. If it feels forced or circular, reconsider the sequence. Final Answer: The most logical order of the parts is QPSR.

Question 12

In this sentence arrangement question about duties and students, the first and last parts are fixed; choose the option that gives the most logical order of the middle parts P, Q, R and S.

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Introduction / Context: This item is another jumbled sentence or paragraph arrangement question. The first and last parts of the passage are fixed, while the middle parts labelled P, Q, R and S must be arranged in a logical sequence. The passage features a teacher scolding a student for not knowing his duties. Your task is to determine which order of P, Q, R and S produces a coherent and natural-sounding passage leading to the final remark. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence 1: Why should I tell you again and again? Sentence 6: I will not tolerate this anymore. P: They know what they have to do. Q: Do not you know your duties? R: Only you require to be told. S: Other students need not be told. Options: QSPR, QRPS, SPRQ, QPSR. Concept / Approach: The speaker is addressing a particular student and comparing him with “other students”. A logical sequence should start by directly addressing the student, then contrast him with other students and finally emphasise that only he needs repeated reminders. Pronoun references like “they”, “other students” and “only you” must fit smoothly. The passage should build the scolding tone step by step before concluding with the strong warning in sentence 6. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Sentence 1 sets the tone: “Why should I tell you again and again?” The next sentence should continue directly addressing “you”. Step 2: Q (“Do not you know your duties?”) fits perfectly after sentence 1, because it continues the scolding of the same student with a direct question. Step 3: After questioning the student, the speaker will likely contrast him with others. S (“Other students need not be told.”) introduces this comparison. Step 4: P (“They know what they have to do.”) naturally explains why other students do not need to be told; “they” clearly refers back to “other students”. Step 5: R (“Only you require to be told.”) now emphasises that the addressed student is the exception, reinforcing the scolding just before the final line. Step 6: This yields the order 1 – Q – S – P – R – 6, which corresponds to option QSPR. Verification / Alternative check: Read the arranged paragraph: “Why should I tell you again and again? Do not you know your duties? Other students need not be told. They know what they have to do. Only you require to be told. I will not tolerate this anymore.” The flow is natural: repeated telling, question about duties, contrast with other students, explanation that they know their duties, and then emphasis that only this student needs instructions, leading to the final warning. Any other sequence you try tends to break this logical progression or create awkward pronoun references. Why Other Options Are Wrong: In QRPS, after Q the sequence jumps to R (“Only you require to be told”) before introducing “other students” properly, making the comparison feel incomplete. In SPRQ, starting directly with S after sentence 1 would refer to “other students” without first questioning the student about his own duties, which is illogical. In QPSR, P comes straight after Q, making “they” appear without a clear antecedent, because “other students” have not yet been mentioned; S appears later than it should and breaks the neat contrast in the middle. Common Pitfalls: Students often focus only on grammatical correctness of individual sentences rather than on the larger structure of the argument or scolding. Another common mistake is to ignore pronoun references like “they” and “other students”, leading to confusion about who is being discussed. To avoid such errors, always check whether each sentence naturally refers back to the previous one and whether the passage builds a clear communicative purpose, here a rising reprimand leading to final intolerance. Final Answer: The correct and most logical order of the parts is QSPR.

Question 13

In this sentence arrangement question about a man reading to his wife, the first and last parts are fixed; choose the option that gives the most logical order of the parts P, Q, R and S.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is another paragraph arrangement question where you are given a fixed opening sentence and a fixed closing sentence, with four middle parts that must be arranged in a meaningful order. The short narrative describes a man offering to read something to his wife in the evening. Your task is to choose the sequence of P, Q, R and S that creates a natural and coherent conversation leading to the final remark about his reaction. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence 1: One evening he lit a large lamp in the bedroom and sat near his wife. Sentence 6: He was somewhat taken aback by her answer. P: “Why not?”, was the answer. Q: “Whatever you like.” R: “Shall I read you something?”, he asked. S: “What shall I read?”, he continued. Options: RPSQ, SRQP, RQPS, SQPR. Concept / Approach: We are dealing with a small dialogue. The first sentence describes the setting; then the man asks a question, the wife answers, he asks a follow-up question and she responds again, after which the narrator comments on his reaction. To find the correct order, we must track who is speaking each time and ensure that each reply corresponds logically to the immediately preceding question. The answer that “takes him aback” in sentence 6 will be the last thing the wife says before the narrative closes. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: After the opening description, it is natural for the man to start the conversation. R (“Shall I read you something?”, he asked.) is a clear first question. Step 2: The wife's immediate response to this first question is P (“Why not?”, was the answer.), which is a positive acceptance. Step 3: Having obtained permission, he follows up with S (“What shall I read?”, he continued.), which logically advances the conversation. Step 4: The wife's second answer is Q (“Whatever you like.”), which answers his second question about what to read. Step 5: Sentence 6 (“He was somewhat taken aback by her answer.”) then refers to this last reply, “Whatever you like.”, because it is vague and perhaps unexpected. Step 6: The resulting order is 1 – R – P – S – Q – 6, which corresponds to option RPSQ. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full paragraph with this order: “One evening he lit a large lamp in the bedroom and sat near his wife. ‘Shall I read you something?’, he asked. ‘Why not?’, was the answer. ‘What shall I read?’, he continued. ‘Whatever you like.’ He was somewhat taken aback by her answer.” This flows naturally as a short conversation: question, acceptance, follow-up question, non-specific reply, then surprise. Other orders either break the natural pattern of question–answer or make the pronouns and reactions feel misplaced. Why Other Options Are Wrong: In SRQP, the sequence would start with “What shall I read?” without any prior invitation to read, which makes the conversation abrupt and confusing. In RQPS, the reply “Whatever you like” would be given immediately after “Shall I read you something?”, which does not fit as well as the more natural acceptance “Why not?”. In SQPR, “What shall I read?” appears before the initial offer to read, again breaking the logical order of interaction. Only RPSQ respects the natural flow of a dialogue between husband and wife. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to ignore who is speaking each line and simply look for grammatically correct sequences. Another is to underestimate the importance of the narrator’s comment in sentence 6; this sentence tells you which reply was surprising. Paying attention to conversational logic, speaker turns and emotional reactions will help you solve such jumbled dialogue questions more reliably. Final Answer: The most logical order of the parts is RPSQ.

Question 14

In this sentence arrangement question on marine biology, the first and last parts are fixed; choose the option that gives the most logical order of the middle parts P, Q, R and S.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This jumbled paragraph question is based on an informative passage about marine biology and the importance of marine life. The opening sentence defines marine biology, and the last sentence talks about the range of organisms it covers. The middle parts describe the roles played by marine life. Your task is to arrange P, Q, R and S so that the paragraph reads logically and smoothly from start to finish. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence 1: Marine biology is the study of organisms in the ocean. Sentence 6: Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic to the huge whales. P: At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Q: Marine life is a vast resource. R: Shorelines are also shaped and protected by marine life. S: Marine organisms contribute significantly to the oxygen cycle. Options: PSRQ, QPSR, RPSQ, SPQR. Concept / Approach: After the definition in sentence 1, the paragraph should logically move to a general statement about the importance or value of marine life, followed by specific examples of how it affects the planet. Commonly, writers begin with a broad claim like “Marine life is a vast resource”, then explain how it determines the planet's nature, contributes to oxygen and shapes shorelines. This specific-to-more-specific pattern should lead smoothly to the concluding sentence, which again broadens the view to cover the range of marine organisms studied in marine biology. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Start with the given sentence 1 defining marine biology. Step 2: Among P, Q, R and S, Q (“Marine life is a vast resource.”) is a natural follow-up, giving a broad claim about the importance of marine life. Step 3: P (“At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet.”) deepens this idea by emphasising the planetary-level impact. Step 4: S (“Marine organisms contribute significantly to the oxygen cycle.”) provides a concrete example of how marine life influences the planet. Step 5: R (“Shorelines are also shaped and protected by marine life.”) adds another specific effect, this time on coastal geography. Step 6: After these details, sentence 6 (“Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic to the huge whales.”) summarises the scope again. Step 7: The resulting order is 1 – Q – P – S – R – 6, which matches option QPSR. Verification / Alternative check: Read the paragraph with the chosen order: “Marine biology is the study of organisms in the ocean. Marine life is a vast resource. At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Marine organisms contribute significantly to the oxygen cycle. Shorelines are also shaped and protected by marine life. Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic to the huge whales.” The flow is logical: definition, broad importance, fundamental impact, specific examples (oxygen cycle and shorelines), and then a concluding statement about the wide scope of study. Why Other Options Are Wrong: In PSRQ, starting with P after sentence 1 jumps immediately into a somewhat abstract claim without first stating that marine life is a vast resource. RPSQ begins with a detail about shorelines before giving the broader context, making the structure feel disordered. SPQR puts the oxygen cycle before stating that marine life is a vast resource, which weakens the logical build-up of general statement followed by examples. Only QPSR establishes a clear hierarchy: broad claim, fundamental principle and two concrete illustrations. Common Pitfalls: Students often choose sequences by superficial connection of similar words rather than by understanding how writers structure paragraphs: definition, general claim, supporting details and conclusion. Another common mistake is ignoring the need for smooth transitions between sentences, such as moving from a global statement about resources to specific environmental roles. To improve at such questions, practice reading short paragraphs in textbooks and identifying how authors move from general to specific ideas. Final Answer: The most logical order of the parts is QPSR.

Question 15

In the following question, the first and the last parts of the passage are numbered 1 and 6. The remaining parts P, Q, R and S are given in jumbled order. Read the passage carefully and select the correct sequence of P, Q, R and S to form a coherent…

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Introduction / Context: This question tests the skill of ordering jumbled parts of a passage so that they form a clear and coherent narrative. The passage describes a man hearing the hum of an engine, trying to identify the source of the sound, and finally seeing an aeroplane. To answer correctly, the learner must follow the logical sequence of thoughts and events and notice how each part connects smoothly to the next. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence 1 introduces a man who suddenly hears the low hum of an engine.- P states that instead of fading, the sound grows louder and seems to come from above.- Q suggests that at first he thinks it is a car on a nearby road that he had left.- R shows him looking up and seeing an aeroplane zigzagging across the sky.- S says he expects the noise to fade into the distance.- Sentence 6 describes the aeroplane disappearing behind clouds and then plunging into the field. Concept / Approach: The key to solving such para jumble problems is to track the flow of time, cause and effect, and the man's changing expectations. We first identify which of P, Q, R, and S should immediately follow the opening sentence. A natural order moves from his first interpretation of the sound, to his expectation, to the reality of what actually happens. Pronouns, sequence markers such as “instead” and “at first”, and contrast words also guide us. Step-by-Step Solution: First, sentence 1 says that the man hears the low hum of an engine. His immediate mental reaction is most logically described in Q: he thinks it must be a car on the road he had recently left. Therefore Q follows 1.Next, S mentions that he expected the noise to fade away in the distance. This continues the same idea from Q, because if he assumes it is a car, he also expects it to pass and become quieter. So S follows Q.Then P begins with the contrast word “Instead”, which clearly opposes the expectation in S. Instead of fading away, the noise grows louder and seems to come from above. Thus P must follow S.After P, R naturally comes next. Once the sound seems to come from above, he looks up and sees an aeroplane cutting a zigzag path. This visual sight fits directly after the change in direction of the sound.Finally, sentence 6 continues from R and describes what the aeroplane does next, disappearing behind clouds and plunging into the field. So the complete sequence is 1 – Q – S – P – R – 6, that is QSPR. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify the order by checking whether any other option gives a smoother narrative. If we start with S, P, or R after sentence 1, there is no clear reason why the man would be expecting the noise to fade or be looking up. Without first thinking of a car, his expectation in S loses context. Similarly, placing P before S would break the contrast signalled by “Instead”, which must refer to a previous expectation. Therefore alternative orders fail logical and grammatical checks, and QSPR remains the only coherent sequence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option SPRQ is incorrect because it begins with S without explaining what he expects, and it places Q at the end where it no longer fits the narrative flow.Option RPSQ is incorrect because R cannot come before P; he only looks up after realising that the noise is coming from above, which is specifically mentioned in P.Option QPRS is incorrect because it breaks the contrast structure. “Instead” in P must directly oppose S, but here S is placed last. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes ignore small connecting words such as “at first”, “instead”, and “then”. These words are strong signals of temporal and logical relationships. Another common mistake is to focus on the dramatic part, such as the aeroplane in R, and try to place it too early in the sequence, which disrupts the build up. Always check that each sentence flows naturally from the previous one and that expectations and contrasts are preserved. Final Answer: The only logically consistent order of the parts is QSPR, so the correct answer is QSPR.

Question 16

In the following question, the first and the last parts of the passage are numbered 1 and 6. The remaining parts P, Q, R and S are given in jumbled order. Read the passage carefully and select the correct sequence of P, Q, R and S to form a coherent…

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Introduction / Context: This para jumble question presents a surreal travel experience on a bus, filled with unusual people and travelling across dusty expanses. The task is to arrange the four middle parts P, Q, R, and S so that they form a logically connected narrative between the fixed opening sentence 1 and the fixed closing sentence 6. Solving this type of question helps in understanding narrative flow, sequence of events, and cohesive links in English passages. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence 1: The traveller gets on a colourful bus with strange passengers.- P: The bus later arrives at a gate like those seen in the paintings of Salvador Dali.- Q: The bus rides across dirty expanses where there are no proper roads.- R: At first, the traveller is not aware that the roof of the bus is loaded with drugs.- S: Everyone is covered with dust and the wheels often sink into soft soil.- Sentence 6: The gate is described as a gate that neither separates nor connects anything from or to anything. Concept / Approach: The approach for such questions is to identify the natural progression of ideas. We look for sentences that describe early information or background, then details of the journey, and finally the destination. We also use connectors like “at first” and observe thematic blocks, for example all sentences describing the road conditions should stick together. The line about drugs is a personal reflection that is best introduced early, just after getting on the bus, whereas the description of the gate should be placed immediately before the final sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: First, sentence 1 introduces the situation: boarding a colourful bus with strange people. Immediately after this, it is natural to mention an important fact that the traveller did not know at that time. R expresses this: at first, the traveller was not aware that the bus roof was loaded with drugs. So R logically follows 1.Next, after setting up the basic situation and hidden danger, the narrative moves to the description of the journey itself. Q describes the bus riding over dirty expanses without roads, which is a general picture of the terrain.S then expands on Q by adding details: everyone was filled with dust and the wheels often sank into soft soil. This clearly continues the description of poor road conditions, so S follows Q.Finally, after the journey across the difficult land, P describes the arrival at a strange gate similar to those in the paintings of Salvador Dali. This directly sets up sentence 6, which elaborates on the mysterious nature of this gate. Therefore, P is placed immediately before sentence 6.Putting it all together, the correct sequence is 1 – R – Q – S – P – 6, which is represented by RQSP. Verification / Alternative check: To verify this, consider whether any other combination leads to a natural story. If we start the middle sequence with Q, there is no explanation of when the traveller discovered the drugs or why that detail is relevant. Placing P too early would introduce the gate before the journey across the dirty land, breaking the chronological flow. Likewise, separating Q and S makes little sense because both describe the same aspect of dusty travel. Only RQSP keeps the discovery of the drug load as an early surprise, keeps the travel description together, and places the arrival at the gate just before the final comment in sentence 6. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option QRSP separates the explanation about drugs from the initial boarding and makes the arrival at the gate occur before a full description of the journey.Option SPQR begins with the dusty conditions without any transition from boarding the bus and places the drug revelation too late in the story.Option RSPQ breaks the close link between Q and S and puts P in the wrong position relative to the final sentence 6. Common Pitfalls: Students often neglect the significance of time markers such as “at first” and fail to see how some sentences form natural clusters, like the pair Q and S. Another common error is to be influenced by striking imagery like the Salvador Dali style gate and to place it too early, before the journey has been described. Remember that coherent narratives usually move from setting and hidden facts, to experiences during the journey, and then to the arrival at a destination. Final Answer: The only arrangement that gives a smooth, logical narrative is RQSP, so the correct answer is RQSP.

Question 17

In the following question, some part of the sentence may contain an error. Read the sentence carefully and identify which part has the error. If the sentence is free from error, select the option labelled "No error". Chilika is the (1) largest brack…

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Introduction / Context: This question belongs to the error spotting category in English grammar. The learner is given a complete sentence divided into numbered parts and is required to identify which part contains a grammatical or usage error. If all parts of the sentence are correct, the learner should select the option that states that there is no error. Such questions test knowledge of articles, prepositions, subject verb agreement, word order, and standard usage in English. Given Data / Assumptions: - The sentence under examination is: “Chilika is the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia.”- Part (1): “Chilika is the”- Part (2): “largest brackish water”- Part (3): “lagoon in Asia.”- Part (4): The option “No error”.- The task is to decide whether any of the first three parts have an error or whether the sentence is entirely correct. Concept / Approach: To solve such questions, we read the sentence naturally as a whole and check grammar rules. We confirm correct use of the article “the” before a unique superlative expression, correct word order for noun phrases, and proper prepositional phrases. Here, “Chilika” is a proper noun, “largest brackish water lagoon” is a noun phrase with a superlative adjective “largest”, and “in Asia” is a standard prepositional phrase showing location. Step-by-Step Solution: Read the full sentence: “Chilika is the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia.” This is a factual statement describing Chilika as the largest lagoon of a particular type in a particular region.Part (1), “Chilika is the”, uses the correct subject “Chilika” followed by the correct linking verb “is” and the definite article “the”. We often use “the” before a superlative adjective like “largest”. There is no error here.Part (2) contains the phrase “largest brackish water”. This is a standard way of modifying “lagoon” by first using a superlative adjective “largest” and then a compound noun “brackish water”, which describes the type of lagoon. Grammatically this is fine.Part (3) has “lagoon in Asia.” The noun “lagoon” is correctly followed by the prepositional phrase “in Asia” to indicate geographic location. There is no problem with preposition choice or word order.Since none of the three parts contain an error, the correct choice is that the sentence has no error. Verification / Alternative check: We can cross check by considering if any alternative phrasing would be more standard. For example, “Chilika is the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia” is a commonly used factual description. Replacing “in Asia” with “of Asia” or removing the article “the” would make the sentence sound less natural. There is no agreement problem and the adjectives are in a correct order. Therefore the original framing is fully acceptable in standard English. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Choosing Part (1) is wrong because there is no grammatical error in the combination of the subject “Chilika” with the linking verb “is” and the definite article “the”.Choosing Part (2) is incorrect, since “largest brackish water” correctly modifies “lagoon” and respects normal English word order for adjectives and compound nouns.Choosing Part (3) is also incorrect, as “lagoon in Asia” is a standard expression, and the preposition “in” is suitable when referring to a region or continent. Common Pitfalls: Some test takers overthink such questions and assume that there must be an error, even when the sentence is perfect. Another pitfall is to misinterpret “brackish water” as requiring the article “a” or some different structure. In reality, “brackish water lagoon” works as a compound noun meaning a lagoon containing slightly salty water. Learners should remember that sometimes the correct answer in error spotting questions is genuinely “No error”. Final Answer: There is no grammatical or usage error in any part of the sentence. Therefore, the correct choice is No error.

Question 18

In the following question, some part of the sentence may contain an error. Read the sentence carefully and identify which part has the error. If the sentence is free from error, select the option labelled "No error". The climb upside (1) the mountai…

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Introduction / Context: This is an error spotting question that focuses on correct prepositional usage in English. A sentence about climbing mountains is divided into numbered segments, and the learner must decide which segment contains a grammatical error. Mastering such questions improves awareness of idiomatic English expressions, especially fixed combinations like “climb up the mountain” rather than incorrect forms. Given Data / Assumptions: - Full sentence: “The climb upside the mountains was not easy.”- Part (1): “The climb upside”- Part (2): “the mountains”- Part (3): “was not easy.”- Part (4): “No error”.- We assume the intended meaning is that climbing the mountains was difficult. Concept / Approach: The key point here is the correct use of prepositions with verbs of movement. In English, standard expressions are “climb up the mountain” or “the climb up the mountains”, but not “upside the mountains”. The word “upside” usually works as a noun or adverb meaning “the more advantageous part” or appears in phrases like “upside down”, and does not fit here as a preposition before “the mountains”. Therefore, we look carefully at Part (1), which contains “upside”, for the error. Step-by-Step Solution: Read the complete sentence: “The climb upside the mountains was not easy.” The meaning is clear, but the phrase “climb upside the mountains” sounds incorrect and unnatural.Examine Part (1): “The climb upside.” The verb related noun “climb” normally combines with the preposition “up” in this context. For example, “the climb up the mountain” is a very common phrase. The word “upside” does not serve as a normal preposition here.Part (2): “the mountains” is grammatically fine, and there is nothing wrong with the plural noun “mountains” following a preposition.Part (3): “was not easy.” This is also correct; it contains the linking verb “was” and the predicate adjective “not easy,” which together explain the difficulty of the climb.Since the only incorrect part is the use of “upside” in Part (1), the error clearly lies there. The corrected sentence should read: “The climb up the mountains was not easy.” Verification / Alternative check: To verify, we can test other forms of the sentence. “The climb up the mountains was not easy” is idiomatic and natural. Versions like “The climb on the mountains” or “The climb along the mountains” change the meaning or sound awkward. The specific error is not in subject verb agreement or adjective use, but in the wrong word “upside”. This confirms that Part (1) is the only segment that contains an error. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part (2) “the mountains” is correct because mountains is the appropriate object after a preposition like “up”.Part (3) “was not easy” correctly uses a singular verb “was” agreeing with the singular subject “climb” and a suitable complement.The option “No error” is wrong because the sentence in its current form clearly misuses “upside”. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse “upside” with “up side” or misinterpret it as a simple combination of “up” and “side”. In normal usage, we say “climb up the hill” or “walk up the stairs,” not “climb upside the hill.” It is important to remember that not every word that looks like a combination of known parts can be used freely as a preposition. Exposure to correct collocations through reading and practice is the best way to avoid such mistakes. Final Answer: The error is in the phrase “climb upside,” so the incorrect part is Part (1).

Question 19

In the following question, a sentence is given with a blank to be filled with an appropriate word. Read the sentence carefully and select the option that best completes the sentence meaningfully and grammatically. Rituals play into the __________ un…

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Introduction / Context: This is a vocabulary based sentence completion question that tests the learner understanding of subtle word meanings and their correct grammatical use in context. The sentence talks about “rituals” and how they relate to the “understandings of a society.” The blank needs a word that describes what kind of understandings these are. Choosing the correct option requires knowing the meanings of “tactfully”, “tacit”, “taciturn” and “tacitly”. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence: “Rituals play into the __________ understandings of a society.”- Option A: “tactfully”- Option B: “tacit”- Option C: “taciturn”- Option D: “tacitly”- We assume that “understandings” is a noun that needs an adjective before it. Concept / Approach: We first look at the structure of the sentence. The word before “understandings” must function as an adjective describing the nature of these understandings. Therefore, adverbs like “tactfully” and “tacitly” will not fit because they normally qualify verbs or adjectives. Next, we focus on the meaning. In sociological discussions, “tacit understandings” usually refers to shared but unspoken assumptions and norms. This fits well with the context of rituals. The word “taciturn” means habitually silent, which describes a person, not understandings. Step-by-Step Solution: Identify the grammatical role of the blank. It comes immediately before the noun “understandings”, so it must be an adjective, not an adverb or a noun.Check Option A, “tactfully.” This is an adverb meaning “in a tactful manner” and is used with verbs like “speak tactfully” or “handle tactfully”. It cannot directly modify “understandings”, so it is unsuitable.Check Option B, “tacit.” “Tacit” is an adjective that means “understood or implied without being stated openly.” The phrase “tacit understandings” is a standard collocation in English and refers to shared, unspoken assumptions in a group or society. Grammatically and semantically, this fits perfectly.Check Option C, “taciturn.” This adjective means “reserved or uncommunicative in speech.” It is used for people, for example “a taciturn person.” It does not make sense to talk about “taciturn understandings,” so this is wrong.Check Option D, “tacitly.” This is an adverb meaning “in a tacit manner.” It would fit before a verb, as in “people tacitly agree,” but not directly before “understandings.” Therefore it is grammatically incorrect in this sentence. Verification / Alternative check: We can test the sentence with each option. “Rituals play into the tacit understandings of a society” is a clear and meaningful sentence. It suggests that rituals rely on and reinforce unspoken norms. “Rituals play into the tactfully understandings” is ungrammatical. “Rituals play into the taciturn understandings” does not convey any sensible idea. “Rituals play into the tacitly understandings” is also grammatically incorrect. Only “tacit understandings” is both grammatically accurate and conceptually meaningful. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “Tactfully” is wrong because it is an adverb and cannot be used to modify the noun “understandings.”“Taciturn” is wrong because it describes a person who speaks little, not a type of understanding.“Tacitly” is wrong due to grammatical mismatch; it cannot stand before a noun in this way. Common Pitfalls: Learners may confuse “tacit” and “taciturn” because they look similar. The key difference is that “tacit” relates to unspoken agreements, understandings, or approval, while “taciturn” refers to the personality of a person who is quiet. Another pitfall is ignoring part of speech and focusing only on meaning. In sentence completion questions, the correct choice must fit both in meaning and in grammar. Final Answer: The adjective that correctly completes the sentence is tacit, giving the phrase “tacit understandings of a society.”

Question 20

In the following question, a sentence is given with a blank to be filled with an appropriate word. Read the sentence carefully and select the option that best completes the sentence meaningfully and grammatically. Repetition bred a sense of ________…

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Introduction / Context: This question focuses on vocabulary and correct form of words. The sentence speaks about “repetition” and how it leads to a certain “sense of” something with the characters, most likely from a story, film, or play. The learner must choose the word that fits both grammatically and semantically in the blank. Options include a noun, an adjective, an adverb, and a verb form of the same root, so deciding the correct part of speech is essential. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence: “Repetition bred a sense of _____________ with the characters.”- Option A: “familiarity”- Option B: “familiar”- Option C: “familiarly”- Option D: “familiarise”- We assume “sense of” should be followed by a noun indicating a feeling or state. Concept / Approach: In English, the expression “a sense of” is typically followed by a noun, such as “a sense of pride,” “a sense of loss” or “a sense of familiarity.” Hence, the correct option must be a noun. The core idea here is that encountering the characters repeatedly makes the reader or viewer feel more acquainted with them. The noun “familiarity” expresses that feeling. We also need to reject forms that are adjectives, adverbs, or verbs if they do not fit the required grammatical pattern. Step-by-Step Solution: First, identify the grammatical structure. The phrase “a sense of” is followed by a blank. The word that comes here must function as a noun.Option A, “familiarity,” is a noun meaning “the state of being well known to someone” or “close acquaintance.” The phrase “sense of familiarity” is a standard expression and fits perfectly with the idea that repetition makes us feel closer to characters.Option B, “familiar,” is an adjective that normally comes before a noun, as in “familiar faces” or after a linking verb, as in “I am familiar with the subject.” It cannot directly follow “sense of” in this structure.Option C, “familiarly,” is an adverb describing the manner in which something is done, for example “He spoke familiarly.” Adverbs do not fill the slot after “sense of.”Option D, “familiarise,” is a verb meaning “to make someone familiar with something.” It does not fit as a noun in this context.Therefore, Option A “familiarity” is the only grammatically and semantically suitable choice. Verification / Alternative check: We can test each option inside the sentence. “Repetition bred a sense of familiarity with the characters” is a smooth and natural sentence in English. It clearly conveys that repeatedly encountering the characters made the audience feel more at ease and more connected with them. The other versions, such as “a sense of familiar,” “a sense of familiarly,” and “a sense of familiarise” are either ungrammatical or meaningless. This confirms that “familiarity” is the right answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: “Familiar” is wrong because it is an adjective and cannot directly follow “sense of” without a noun.“Familiarly” is wrong due to being an adverb; it does not fit the noun slot required by the structure.“Familiarise” is wrong because it is a verb, and the sentence does not require an action word but a noun expressing a state or feeling. Common Pitfalls: Many learners focus on the root word “familiar” and may choose it without checking the part of speech. Another pitfall is assuming that any form related to the correct root word is acceptable. Sentence completion questions often test this distinction. A useful strategy is to identify fixed phrases such as “sense of familiarity” and remember that “sense of” almost always requires a noun. Final Answer: The correct word that completes the sentence is the noun familiarity, giving the phrase “a sense of familiarity with the characters.”

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