Question 1

Spelling test: Out of the given options, which is the correctly spelt form of the word that means calmness and self control?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks basic spelling of a common English noun. The word describes a state of calmness, control, and collected behaviour, especially in difficult situations. Correct spelling is important for written communication in exams, essays, and professional email. Given Data / Assumptions: - Target word meaning: calmness and self control. - Four spelling variants are given: Composure, Cumposure, Composore, Cumposore. - Only one matches standard English spelling. Concept / Approach: The correct English spelling is "composure". It shares the root "compose" as in "to compose oneself", meaning to regain calm self control. Notice the pattern "com" plus "posure". The letter combination "ompo" is typical for the root, while variations like "cum" or "sore" at the end do not match any standard form of the word. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall common expressions such as "keep your composure" or "lose your composure". Step 2: Visualise the spelling used in books and articles: c o m p o s u r e. Step 3: Compare option A "Composure" with this remembered spelling; it matches exactly. Step 4: Check option B "Cumposure"; the initial "cu" is not used in this word in standard English. Step 5: Check option C "Composore"; the ending "sore" is wrong; the correct ending is "sure". Step 6: Check option D "Cumposore"; it combines both errors and is clearly incorrect. Verification / Alternative check: Think of related words like "compose" and "composition". They begin with "com", not "cum". Memory aids such as linking "composure" to "composed" can help you remember the spelling. Checking a trusted dictionary or textbook would confirm that "composure" is the accepted form, while the others do not appear as standard words at all. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Cumposure in option B uses "cu", which does not connect to the root "compose" and is not a recognised variant. Composore in option C uses "sore" instead of "sure", producing a non existent word. Cumposore in option D combines both incorrect parts and is even further from the correct form. Common Pitfalls: Spelling questions often use similar looking distractors that change only one or two letters. Many learners rely on how a word sounds, but English spelling is not fully phonetic. To avoid such traps, it is useful to connect words like "composure" with "compose" and note that the spelling of the root usually stays stable when forming related nouns. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word is "Composure".

Question 2

Spelling test: Out of the following options, which is the correct spelling of the verb that means to lessen or relieve pain, stress, or difficulty?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks the spelling of a frequently used verb in formal English. The word refers to reducing or easing pain, suffering, or other negative conditions. You will often meet it in essays, reports, and newspaper articles, so it is important to know its standard spelling. Given Data / Assumptions: - Meaning: to lessen or relieve pain, stress, or difficulty. - Options: Alliviate, Aleviate, Alleviate, Aliviate. - One option uses the correct combination of vowels and consonants. Concept / Approach: The correct spelling is "alleviate". The key pattern is "alle" followed by "viate". The double "l" is important, and the vowel sequence is "evi". Variants that use only one "l" or change the vowels are not standard English spellings. Recognising the root "lev", related to lightness (as in "elevate"), can also help you remember the central letters. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the standard spelling in dictionaries is a l l e v i a t e. Step 2: Compare option C "Alleviate" with that spelling; it matches perfectly. Step 3: Option A "Alliviate" has the letters "ivi" instead of "evi", which is incorrect. Step 4: Option B "Aleviate" drops one "l" and also rearranges vowels. Step 5: Option D "Aliviate" also uses the wrong vowel sequence and only one "l". Step 6: Conclude that only option C represents correct spelling. Verification / Alternative check: Think of phrases like "alleviate poverty" or "alleviate suffering". If you have seen such phrases in reliable sources, they will almost always use the double "l" form. Linking "alleviate" with "elevate" can also help, since both contain "leva" or "leva" sounding parts. Checking a reputable dictionary would show "alleviate" as the headword, confirming that the exam is testing this exact form. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Alliviate changes the "evi" part to "ivi", which does not match the known root and is not standard. Aleviate removes one "l" and so becomes a misspelling that fails to reflect the correct root form. Aliviate again uses "ivi" and single "l", combining two errors into one non word. Common Pitfalls: Because English spelling often does not match pronunciation perfectly, learners may try to spell words exactly as they hear them. In this case, the middle syllable can sound like "lee", leading to confusion between "evi" and "ivi". To avoid mistakes, it is helpful to note the double "l" and the "evi" in writing several times, or to connect the word mentally to phrases you have read, not just pronunciation. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word is "Alleviate".

Question 3

Sentence arrangement: The sentence begins with ""Phew," said I, grabbing ..." and the labelled parts are X: cheerfully round my head, Y: at the halo of flies, Z: which buzzed. What is the most logical order of X, Y, and Z to form a coherent sentence?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your ability to arrange sentence fragments in a logical and grammatically correct order. You are given a starting clause with dialogue and three labelled pieces that must be placed after it. The goal is to create a smooth, natural sounding sentence that describes an action in a clear sequence. Given Data / Assumptions: - Opening text: ""Phew," said I, grabbing ..." - X: "cheerfully round my head" - Y: "at the halo of flies" - Z: "which buzzed" - We must choose an order such as YZX that completes the sentence meaningfully. Concept / Approach: A natural English sentence usually places the main object of the action immediately after the verb and then follows it with any relative clauses and adverbs or adverbial phrases. Here, "grabbing" needs a direct object. The phrase "at the halo of flies" fits as that object because we grab at something. The relative clause "which buzzed" describes the flies, and the manner phrase "cheerfully round my head" explains where and how they were buzzing. Together they describe a halo of flies that buzzed cheerfully round the speaker's head. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Attach the direct object to the verb "grabbing". The only phrase that can directly follow "grabbing" is "at the halo of flies" (Y). Step 2: This halo of flies is then described more fully. A relative clause "which buzzed" (Z) naturally follows the noun "flies". Step 3: Finally, we add the adverbial phrase "cheerfully round my head" (X) to show where and how the flies were buzzing. Step 4: Putting these together after the opening gives: ""Phew," said I, grabbing at the halo of flies which buzzed cheerfully round my head." Step 5: This corresponds to the order Y Z X, which is option A. Verification / Alternative check: Test other orders quickly. For example, starting with X would give "grabbing cheerfully round my head", which is wrong because we do not grab "cheerfully round my head". Placing X between Y and Z would break the natural link between "flies" and "which buzzed". Only Y followed by Z and then X respects both grammar and logical description. The sequence chosen satisfies verb object, relative clause, and manner phrase structure all at once. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B (Y X Z) separates "flies" from "which buzzed", making the relative clause sound disconnected. Option C (X Z Y) produces an odd phrase "grabbing cheerfully round my head", which is not idiomatic and leaves "flies" too far from the verb. Option D (X Y Z) also starts with an adverbial phrase after "grabbing" and does not provide a suitable immediate object. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes focus only on meaning and ignore the need for a direct object directly after the verb. When arranging fragments, always identify the main verb and its likely object first, then attach relative and adverbial phrases in a way that keeps related elements close. This simple strategy often leads to the correct order quickly. Final Answer: The logical order is Y Z X, giving "grabbing at the halo of flies which buzzed cheerfully round my head".

Question 4

Sentence arrangement: The sentence begins "The investigations of the ..." with labelled parts X: peculiar place in the economy of the body, Y: physiologist and the psychologist, Z: have revealed that the brain holds a. What is the most logical order…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines your ability to arrange small fragments into a meaningful scientific sentence. The topic is investigations by specialists into the role of the brain in the human body. Correct ordering depends on both grammar and logical flow from investigators to their findings and then to the description of the brain's role. Given Data / Assumptions: - Beginning phrase: "The investigations of the ..." - X: "peculiar place in the economy of the body" - Y: "physiologist and the psychologist" - Z: "have revealed that the brain holds a" - We must form a coherent statement about investigations and the brain. Concept / Approach: First, we must complete the phrase "the investigations of the ..." by adding the people who conducted the investigations. Those people are "the physiologist and the psychologist", which is fragment Y. Next, a finite verb phrase should follow, and that is fragment Z, "have revealed that the brain holds a". Finally, the object of "holds" is given in X, describing the brain's "peculiar place in the economy of the body". This order respects both grammar and scientific sense. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Attach the correct noun phrase after "the". The only phrase that can complete "the investigations of the" is "physiologist and the psychologist" (Y). Step 2: After naming the investigators, we need a verb. Fragment Z, "have revealed that the brain holds a", supplies the main verb phrase. Step 3: The verb "holds" requires an object. Fragment X, "peculiar place in the economy of the body", completes that object phrase. Step 4: The full sentence reads: "The investigations of the physiologist and the psychologist have revealed that the brain holds a peculiar place in the economy of the body." Step 5: This corresponds to the sequence Y Z X, which is option D. Verification / Alternative check: Try alternative orders to see why they fail. Starting with X would give "The investigations of the peculiar place in the economy of the body", which is illogical because we investigate things, not places "of the". Starting with Z or placing Z at the end would also break the sentence because every complete statement needs a main verb and object in the right order. Only Y Z X gives a clear subject "the investigations of the physiologist and the psychologist", a verb "have revealed", and a natural object describing the brain's special role. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A (Y X Z) tries to place the verb phrase at the end and leaves "have revealed that the brain holds a" without its full complement. Option B (X Z Y) produces a confusing subject and does not follow normal English syntax. Option C (X Y Z) similarly begins with an inappropriate phrase and fails to connect investigations with investigators properly. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes focus only on meaning without checking where the main verb must appear. A reliable method is to identify who did the action (investigations of which people), then locate the verb phrase, and finally add any objects or complements required. This approach simplifies many sentence arrangement questions in exams. Final Answer: The correct order is Y Z X, giving "The investigations of the physiologist and the psychologist have revealed that the brain holds a peculiar place in the economy of the body."

Question 5

Change of voice: Which option correctly changes the active sentence "The choir really enjoys that piece" into the passive voice?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your ability to convert an active sentence into a natural passive form. The active sentence uses a simple present tense with a singular subject and object. A correct passive version must preserve tense, number, and meaning while placing the original object in the subject position. Given Data / Assumptions: - Active sentence: "The choir really enjoys that piece." - Subject: "The choir". - Verb: "enjoys" (simple present). - Object: "that piece". - We must form a passive sentence using "that piece" as the new subject. Concept / Approach: To convert from active to passive in the simple present, we use "is" or "are" plus the past participle of the main verb. The choice of "is" or "are" depends on whether the new subject is singular or plural. "That piece" is singular, so we use "is enjoyed". We then add "by the choir" to show the original subject as the agent. Adverbs such as "really" should be placed in a natural position, often between the auxiliary and the main verb. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the object of the active sentence: "that piece". This will become the subject in the passive sentence. Step 2: Form the passive auxiliary: "that piece is" because "piece" is singular and the tense is simple present. Step 3: Use the past participle "enjoyed" as the main verb in passive. Step 4: Insert the adverb "really" in a natural position: "is really enjoyed". Step 5: Add the agent phrase "by the choir". The complete passive sentence is "That piece is really enjoyed by the choir." Verification / Alternative check: Check agreement and meaning. The original says that the choir enjoys the piece. The passive says that the piece is enjoyed by the choir. The time (simple present), the participants, and the idea of enjoyment all remain unchanged. The adverb "really" still emphasises the degree of enjoyment. This shows that option B reproduces the original sentence accurately in passive voice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A uses "are" with singular "piece", causing subject verb disagreement. Option C uses the noun "enjoyment" with "is done", which sounds unnatural and bureaucratic rather than a simple passive conversion. Option D uses "enjoying of" plus "is done", again producing an awkward nominal phrase instead of a standard passive verb form. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to think that any sentence containing "by" must be passive. True passive voice uses a form of "be" plus the past participle, not gerunds or abstract nouns like "enjoyment". When changing voice, always start from the object, select the appropriate form of "be", add the participle, and only then attach the "by" phrase if needed. Final Answer: The correct passive form is "That piece is really enjoyed by the choir."

Question 6

Reported speech: Which option correctly changes Akash's statement "Mahesh has gone home." into indirect (reported) speech?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your understanding of basic rules for changing direct speech into indirect or reported speech. The reporting verb "said" is in the past tense, and the original message uses the present perfect tense. We must apply the normal sequence of tenses and choose the most natural connector in reported form. Given Data / Assumptions: - Direct speech: Akash said, "Mahesh has gone home." - Reporting verb: "said" (simple past). - Reported clause verb: "has gone" (present perfect). - We must choose the correct combination in indirect speech. Concept / Approach: When the reporting verb is in the past, English usually shifts the tense of the reported clause back one step: present becomes past, present perfect becomes past perfect, and so on, unless the statement is a timeless fact. Here, "has gone home" refers to a completed action at the time Akash spoke, so in reported speech we normally change it to "had gone home". Also, the conjunction "that" is standard in reported statements, while "then" is used for time, not as a connector. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Remove quotation marks and replace the comma with the conjunction "that". Step 2: Keep the reporting verb "said" as it is. Step 3: Apply backshifting: change "has gone" (present perfect) to "had gone" (past perfect). Step 4: Build the reported clause: "that Mahesh had gone home." Step 5: Combine everything: "Akash said that Mahesh had gone home." Verification / Alternative check: Ask whether the sentence correctly describes Akash's statement from another person's point of view. At the time of reporting, the going home is already complete, and the reporting verb is in the past. Native speakers naturally say "He said that Mahesh had gone home." Using "has gone" would sound as if the action is still connected to the present moment of reporting, which does not fit well with "said" in the past. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A keeps "has gone" without backshifting, which is not the usual exam standard when the reporting verb is past. Option B uses "then" instead of "that" and also changes the tense, making the sentence ungrammatical and awkward. Option C repeats "then" and does not change the tense at all, breaking both grammar and reported speech conventions. Common Pitfalls: Many learners either forget to backshift the tense or overuse it in contexts where it is not required. A good rule is to backshift when the reporting verb is in the past and the original statement refers to a completed action. Also remember that "then" is not a conjunction for reported speech; it is mainly an adverb of time. Final Answer: The correct reported sentence is "Akash said that Mahesh had gone home."

Question 7

Cloze passage (birds): In the sentence "Most ______ of all to the rambler on avian lore intent is the fact that there are many species and genera that are peculiar to the West", which form of the word best completes the blank?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze passage question is drawn from a descriptive paragraph about birds in the western regions and their interest to a rambler who loves avian lore. The structure "Most ______ of all" introduces a superlative description. We must choose the correct grammatical form of the word so that the sentence flows naturally. Given Data / Assumptions: - Partial sentence: "Most ______ of all to the rambler on avian lore intent is the fact that there are many species and genera that are peculiar to the West". - Options: interesting, interest, interested, interests. - The blank appears before "of all", a clue to the required form. Concept / Approach: The phrase "most interesting of all" is a standard pattern where "interesting" is an adjective in its superlative form with "most". When we highlight the feature that is most appealing or striking, we typically use "most interesting", "most important", or "most remarkable". The noun "interest", the verb "interests", or the adjective "interested" cannot fit grammatically in this position. Therefore, "interesting" is the only form that correctly completes the phrase. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise the pattern "Most ______ of all", which usually takes an adjective. Step 2: From the options, identify adjectives: interesting and interested. Step 3: Decide between them. "Most interesting of all" describes something that causes interest, which is suitable for a fact about many species. Step 4: "Most interested of all" would describe the rambler, not the fact, so it does not fit the structure of the sentence. Step 5: "Interest" is a noun and does not work directly after "most" in this pattern without "the", and "interests" is a verb or plural noun, also unfit here. Step 6: Conclude that "interesting" is the correct choice. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full sentence with option A: "Most interesting of all to the rambler on avian lore intent is the fact that there are many species and genera that are peculiar to the West." This sounds natural and clearly emphasises the fact as the most interesting point. Substituting "interest" would produce "Most interest of all", which is ungrammatical, and "Most interested of all" would be incomplete because it usually requires a noun after it, such as "Most interested of all the bird watchers". Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Interest" in option B is a noun and cannot directly fill this adjective slot. "Interested" in option C describes a feeling of a person, not the quality of the fact, and would not connect smoothly with "of all to the rambler". "Interests" in option D is either a verb or a plural noun and does not fit grammatically after "Most". Common Pitfalls: Some learners confuse "interesting" and "interested". A simple rule is that "interesting" describes the thing that causes interest, while "interested" describes the person who feels interest. In this sentence, the subject is "the fact", so we need an adjective for the fact, not for the rambler. Remembering this distinction will help in many similar cloze questions. Final Answer: The correct word is "interesting", giving the phrase "Most interesting of all".

Question 8

Cloze passage (birds): In the clause "... peculiar to the West, and ______ new to him, keeping him constantly on the "qui vive"", which connector best completes the blank?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze question continues the same descriptive passage about birds. The writer explains that the species and genera are peculiar to the West and draws a consequence from that fact. The blank is filled by a connector that shows a result, not a cause or condition. Understanding the logical relationship between the two parts of the sentence is the key to answering correctly. Given Data / Assumptions: - Relevant portion: "peculiar to the West, and ______ new to him, keeping him constantly on the "qui vive"." - Options: therefore, because, if, for. - "Peculiar to the West" means the species are found only or mainly in the West. - "New to him" is the natural consequence for a rambler from another region. Concept / Approach: "Therefore" is used to introduce a result or consequence of a previously mentioned fact. Since the birds are peculiar to the West, they are consequently new to the rambler. "Because" introduces a reason for something that follows, "if" indicates condition, and "for" is rarely used as a simple conjunction in this sort of modern prose. Thus, the sentence needs a word that expresses "as a result", making "therefore" the best choice. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the logical relation between "peculiar to the West" and "new to him". Step 2: Recognise that the second is a natural result of the first, not the cause. Step 3: "Therefore" means "for that reason" or "as a result". Applying it gives a smooth reading. Step 4: Test "because". It would produce "peculiar to the West, and because new to him", which is awkward and incomplete without a main clause. Step 5: Test "if". It would suggest a conditional meaning that the passage does not support. Step 6: Test "for". It would sound old fashioned and still not clearly convey the result relationship in this specific structure. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full sentence: "Most interesting of all to the rambler on avian lore intent is the fact that there are many species and genera that are peculiar to the West, and therefore new to him, keeping him constantly on the "qui vive"." The adverb "therefore" connects the two ideas in a clear cause and effect sequence. Replacing it with any other option either breaks the grammar or weakens the logic of the sentence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Because" normally introduces a clause that explains a reason for another clause, not a descriptive phrase like "new to him" inside the same structure. "If" creates a conditional idea, which does not fit the descriptive, factual tone of the passage. "For" would need a different sentence structure to function as a conjunction and is not idiomatic in this position. Common Pitfalls: Many learners confuse "because" and "therefore" since both relate to cause and effect, but they are used from different directions. "Because" introduces the cause, while "therefore" introduces the result. When you see that the sentence is moving from cause to result, as in this passage, "therefore" is usually the correct choice. Final Answer: The correct connector is "therefore", giving "peculiar to the West, and therefore new to him".

Question 9

Cloze passage (birds): In the sentence "_____ Colorado you will look in vain for the common blue jay", which preposition correctly completes the blank?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze question tests preposition use with geographical names. The passage talks about searching for a particular bird in a specific American state. In English, we typically use "in" with the names of large areas such as countries, states, and cities when indicating location. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence fragment: "_____ Colorado you will look in vain for the common blue jay." - Options: On, In, Into, Onto. - "Colorado" refers to a US state, treated as a large area. - The idea is to say "in Colorado" as a general location. Concept / Approach: When we refer to being located inside a country, state, or city, English uses the preposition "in": in India, in Rajasthan, in London, in Colorado. Prepositions like "on", "into", and "onto" suggest surfaces or movement toward a place, which do not fit here. The sentence is simply describing a general condition within the boundaries of Colorado, so "in" is the only correct choice. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that "Colorado" is a state and that the sentence describes a general situation inside that state. Step 2: Apply the standard pattern: "in" plus name of region. Step 3: Insert "In" and read: "In Colorado you will look in vain for the common blue jay." Step 4: Test "On": "On Colorado" would sound wrong because Colorado is not a surface in this context. Step 5: Test "Into" and "Onto": both suggest movement towards Colorado, but the sentence is about looking inside Colorado, not going into it. Step 6: Therefore conclude that "In" is correct. Verification / Alternative check: Compare with similar sentences: "In Rajasthan you will find many forts" or "In Alaska you can see the northern lights." Using "on" or "into" in these examples would sound ungrammatical. The pattern "In Colorado you will look in vain" follows the same structure and is clearly the intended form in the passage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "On" is normally used for surfaces (on the table) or for some islands, not for states. "Into" implies movement from outside to inside, which the sentence does not describe. "Onto" also describes movement toward a surface and is not used for static regional location. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes overuse "on" with place names because of phrases like "on an island" or "on the coast". To avoid errors, remember that for most large land areas such as countries, states, and cities you should choose "in" when talking about general location, not movement. Final Answer: The correct preposition is "In", giving "In Colorado you will look in vain for the common blue jay."

Question 10

Cloze passage (birds): In the phrase "but you will be more ________ compensated by the presence of seven other species", which word correctly completes the comparative structure?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests understanding of comparative structures in English. The writer contrasts the absence of one bird species with the presence of several others and uses a common phrase, "more than compensated", to say that the gain outweighs the loss. The blank must be filled with the correct word to complete this familiar expression. Given Data / Assumptions: - Relevant part: "but you will be more ________ compensated by the presence of seven other species". - Options: then, that, than, this. - The writer wants to convey that the compensation is more than enough. Concept / Approach: The phrase "more than" is a standard comparative construction used to intensify statements, such as "more than happy" or "more than enough". In "more than compensated", "than" is the word that completes this fixed pattern. "Then" is an adverb of time, "that" and "this" are demonstratives, and none of them can form this comparative idiom with "more". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that "more" usually pairs with "than" in comparisons. Step 2: Note that "more than compensated" is a common phrase meaning fully or more than adequately compensated. Step 3: Insert "than": "but you will be more than compensated by the presence of seven other species". Step 4: Test "then": "more then compensated" is not a standard phrase and does not make sense. Step 5: Test "that" and "this": they do not follow "more" to express comparison and would make the sentence ungrammatical. Step 6: Conclude that "than" is the only correct option. Verification / Alternative check: Consider other examples: "You will be more than satisfied", "They were more than willing to help". In each case "more than" intensifies the adjective or past participle. Replacing "than" with "then" in any of these sentences would sound wrong. The passage uses the same pattern with "compensated", so "more than compensated" is clearly intended. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Then" in option A is an adverb used to talk about time or sequence, not comparison. "That" in option B is a demonstrative pronoun or determiner and does not combine with "more" to express degree. "This" in option D is again a demonstrative and cannot complete the comparative structure. Common Pitfalls: Because "then" and "than" sound somewhat similar, many learners confuse them in writing. A helpful memory trick is to remember that "than" is used with comparisons ("bigger than", "more than"), while "then" refers to time ("back then", "and then he left"). Whenever you see "more", you should almost always follow it with "than" in comparative or intensifying expressions. Final Answer: The correct word is "than", giving "you will be more than compensated".

Question 11

Cloze passage (birds): In the phrase "the presence of seven other species ________ the jay household", which preposition best completes the blank?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks correct preposition use to show belonging or classification. The writer mentions seven other bird species that all belong to the jay group. To express that natural relationship in English, we typically use the preposition "of" between the word "species" and the family or group name. Given Data / Assumptions: - Relevant part: "presence of seven other species ________ the jay household". - Options: for, to, of, off. - The phrase "jay household" represents the family of birds called jays. Concept / Approach: In English, when we say that something belongs to a category or group, we often use "of". Examples include "members of the family", "species of birds", or "citizens of the country". Here, the seven species belong to the group or household of jays, so the natural phrase is "species of the jay household". Other prepositions do not express this belonging clearly or idiomatically. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the relationship: seven species belong to the "jay household". Step 2: Recall the standard patterns "species of birds", "members of the team", and so on. Step 3: Insert "of": "presence of seven other species of the jay household". Step 4: Test "for": "species for the jay household" sounds like a purpose, which is not intended. Step 5: Test "to": "species to the jay household" is ungrammatical in this context. Step 6: Test "off": "species off the jay household" has a completely different meaning related to separation. Verification / Alternative check: Look at similar biological expressions: "species of the cat family", "members of the crow family", or "varieties of the rose group". In each case, "of" shows that the items belong to that wider family. The phrase "of the jay household" follows the same pattern, confirming that "of" is the expected preposition in the passage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "For" suggests purpose or benefit, which does not match the idea of classification. "To" is used for direction or relationship in some phrases, but not for this type of group belonging. "Off" indicates separation or distance and would change the meaning completely. Common Pitfalls: Prepositions are often confused because they can have many uses. A good strategy is to memorise standard patterns such as "species of", "members of", and "types of". When you see a similar structure in a cloze question, you can apply the remembered pattern rather than guessing from general rules. Final Answer: The correct preposition is "of", giving "seven other species of the jay household".

Question 12

Error spotting: In the sentence "She has reduced her consumption to considerably", which underlined part contains the grammatical error?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This error spotting question tests word order and the correct use of adverbs with verbs and objects. The sentence is meant to express that a person has greatly reduced how much she consumes. However, the phrase "to considerably" at the end is ungrammatical and does not form a correct expression in English. Given Data / Assumptions: - Full sentence divided into parts: She has (1) / reduced her (2) / consumption to considerably. (3) / No error (4). - The intended meaning: she has reduced her consumption by a considerable amount. - The problem lies in the last phrase involving the adverb "considerably". Concept / Approach: In English, adverbs like "considerably" usually modify verbs directly, as in "reduced considerably", or modify adjectives, as in "considerably lower". The preposition "to" cannot directly precede an adverb to express degree. The correct versions would be "reduced her consumption considerably" or "reduced her consumption to a considerable extent". Therefore, the error is in part 3, where "to" and "considerably" are wrongly combined. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read each part and see if it is grammatically correct on its own. Step 2: "She has" (1) is correct as a subject and auxiliary verb. Step 3: "reduced her" (2) is correct and naturally leads to an object. Step 4: "consumption to considerably" (3) sounds wrong. The verb "reduced" normally takes an object plus either a direct adverb (reduced consumption considerably) or a prepositional phrase with a noun (to a low level). Step 5: Recognise that "to considerably" is not a standard pattern in this context. Step 6: Therefore, part 3 contains the error. Verification / Alternative check: Recast the sentence in correct English: "She has reduced her consumption considerably" clearly expresses the intended meaning. Another natural version is "She has reduced her consumption to a considerable extent." Both avoid the incorrect "to considerably". Since the other parts of the original sentence are fine, the problem must lie in the third segment. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part 1, "She has", correctly introduces the subject and auxiliary. Part 2, "reduced her", correctly begins the verb phrase and its object. Part 4, "No error", is just the answer label and does not belong to the sentence itself. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to place an adverb after "to" in an effort to express degree. Remember that "to" normally introduces a noun or noun phrase, not an adverb, after verbs like "reduce". When you want to use an adverb of degree, it usually goes directly after the verb phrase or before an adjective or another adverb. Final Answer: The error is in part (3); the phrase should not be "consumption to considerably".

Question 13

Error spotting: In the sentence "Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars as to low atmospheric pressure, which is less than 1 percent of the pressure on Earth, except at the lowest elevations for short periods", which part contains the gram…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests preposition use and idiomatic expression in a scientific style sentence. The sentence attempts to explain why liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars, but the phrase "as to low atmospheric pressure" is incorrect. The problem is in the linking words that connect the statement with its cause. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence broken into parts: (1) "Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars as to low" (2) "atmospheric pressure, which is less than 1 percent of the pressure on Earth," (3) "except at the lowest elevations for short periods." (4) "No error". - The intended meaning: liquid water cannot exist because the atmospheric pressure is too low. Concept / Approach: To express cause, English commonly uses "because of", "due to", or "owing to". The combination "as to low" is incorrect here. "As to" is used in different structures, for example "as to the reasons", but not directly before an adjective like "low" to mean "because of". Therefore, the error is in part 1 and should be corrected to something like "because of low atmospheric pressure". Parts 2 and 3 are scientifically and grammatically acceptable as they stand. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read part 1: "Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars as to low". The phrase "as to low" is awkward and ungrammatical. Step 2: Identify the intended structure: "cannot exist ... because of low atmospheric pressure". Step 3: Recognise that "as to" is not used to mean "because of" before an adjective. Step 4: Check part 2: it correctly explains atmospheric pressure and compares it with that on Earth. Step 5: Check part 3: it correctly introduces an exception "except at the lowest elevations for short periods". Step 6: Conclude that the only faulty segment is part 1. Verification / Alternative check: Rewrite the sentence with a correct causal phrase: "Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars because of low atmospheric pressure, which is less than 1 percent of the pressure on Earth, except at the lowest elevations for short periods." This version sounds fluent and preserves the scientific meaning. Since all other parts match this corrected version, the original error must be in the first segment. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part 2 is grammatically sound and gives a clear comparative statement about pressure. Part 3 correctly provides an exception clause starting with "except". Part 4 "No error" is not a sentence part and simply represents an answer choice. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes learners overuse complex sounding connectors like "as to" without checking their exact usage. Remember that "as to" usually introduces topics, not causes, and appears in phrases such as "as to the cause" or "as to whether this is true". When you want to express reasons, it is safer to rely on "because of", "due to", or "owing to" in exam sentences. Final Answer: The error is in part (1); "as to low" should be replaced by a correct causal phrase like "because of low".

Question 14

Fill in the blank: "That is ______ cars I know." Which option correctly completes the sentence with a natural English expression?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests correct use of superlative structures with plural nouns. The sentence refers to "cars" in the plural and comments on how bad one particular car is in comparison with others. The phrase you choose must agree in number and follow natural English patterns used to express very negative opinions. Given Data / Assumptions: - Sentence: "That is ______ cars I know." - Options: the worst, worst, mostly worst, one of the worst. - The noun "cars" is clearly plural, so the blank must work smoothly with a plural noun. Concept / Approach: When we compare one item with a group and say it belongs to the very negative end of the scale, we commonly use the structure "one of the worst" plus plural noun: "one of the worst cars". If we say "the worst car", the noun must be singular. Therefore, the blank needs the phrase "one of the worst" to match the plural "cars". Options like "worst" alone or "mostly worst" are not idiomatic in this position. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Notice that "cars" is plural and that the demonstrative "That is" refers to a single car within a group. Step 2: Recall the pattern for such comparisons: "That is one of the best books" or "She is one of the tallest players". Step 3: Apply this to negative comparison: "That is one of the worst cars I know." Step 4: Test option A: "That is the worst cars I know" is wrong because a singular verb "is" would require "car", not "cars". Step 5: Test option B: "That is worst cars I know" is grammatically incomplete without an article or determiner. Step 6: Test option C: "mostly worst" is not a standard English phrase and sounds unnatural. Step 7: Conclude that option D "one of the worst" fits both grammar and idiomatic usage. Verification / Alternative check: Compare with similar sentences: "That is one of the fastest trains I know" or "This is one of the hardest exams students face." These are perfectly natural patterns. Replacing "fastest" or "hardest" with "worst" and "trains" with "cars" gives exactly the structure used in the correct answer. The plural noun after "one of the" is essential and fully matches the form in this question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "The worst" in option A would require a singular noun ("the worst car") or a different verb ("Those are the worst cars"). "Worst" alone in option B lacks a determiner and does not fit the standard patterns. "Mostly worst" in option C is not used in standard English and mixes adverb and superlative incorrectly. Common Pitfalls: Learners often forget to adjust the noun from singular to plural after "one of the". A helpful rule is that "one of the" is always followed by a plural noun, because you are selecting a single member from a group. Remember also that superlative adjectives in such structures retain "the" as part of the phrase "the worst", "the best", or "the tallest". Final Answer: The correct phrase is "one of the worst", giving "That is one of the worst cars I know."

Question 15

In this English vocabulary and grammar question, choose the most appropriate word to fill the blank in the sentence: The ______ of many archaic and dilatory procedures has proved to be extremely damaging to our governance and society.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: In many competitive English exams you are frequently asked to choose the most suitable word that completes a sentence in a grammatically and logically correct way. The present sentence talks about archaic and dilatory procedures that harm governance and society. The blank needs a noun that naturally combines with these procedures and explains how they became harmful. Understanding typical collocations in English such as imposition of rules or enforcement of procedures helps you arrive at the precise answer instead of relying only on literal dictionary meanings. Given Data / Assumptions: The sentence is: The ______ of many archaic and dilatory procedures has proved to be extremely damaging to our governance and society. We are given four options: caution, translation, imposition, revolution. The subject is singular, so the verb has is correctly used in the improved version. The missing word must express the idea that these outdated procedures are being enforced or applied in a way that causes damage. Concept / Approach: The idea is to focus on contextual fit and common English usage. Archaic and dilatory procedures are outdated and cause delay. The sentence states that something about these procedures has been damaging. Typically, we speak of the imposition of rules, regulations, and procedures. Therefore, among the given options, imposition is the collocation that best expresses the idea that these old procedures are being forced onto the system, causing harm. The other options do not form a natural or logical phrase with procedures in this context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the core meaning of the sentence. It says that outdated and delaying procedures are harming governance and society.Step 2: Ask what kind of action with procedures causes harm. Usually harm occurs when such procedures are imposed or enforced.Step 3: Examine each option and check if it collocates well with procedures and preserves the meaning.Step 4: Caution of procedures does not make sense as a standard phrase. Translation of procedures does not express harm. Revolution of procedures is an odd and uncommon expression in this context.Step 5: Imposition of procedures is a very standard phrase and clearly indicates that enforcing those archaic and dilatory procedures has led to damage. Verification / Alternative Check: If you replace the blank with each option and read the sentence aloud, only one option sounds natural and precise. The imposition of many archaic and dilatory procedures has proved to be extremely damaging to our governance and society is idiomatic and clear. This version explains that damage occurred because these outdated procedures were enforced. The other choices either distort the meaning or produce ungrammatical or unnatural phrasing. This cross check confirms that imposition is the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Caution suggests carefulness or warning, and the caution of many archaic and dilatory procedures is not a meaningful phrase here. Translation refers to rendering something from one language to another, and translation of procedures does not logically explain why governance suffers. Revolution usually means a radical change, but revolution of archaic and dilatory procedures would actually suggest improvement rather than damage. None of these words conveys the idea of enforcing or forcing outdated procedures on the system. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes pick words only by approximate meaning, for example choosing revolution because it feels like a powerful word or caution because it appears serious. Another common mistake is to ignore grammatical collocation and treat every option as equally likely. In sentence completion, however, you must always check whether the noun or verb commonly appears in real English with the surrounding words. Failing to consider natural phrases leads to avoidable errors in such questions. Final Answer: The correct answer is imposition.

Question 16

In this English vocabulary question, choose the option that is closest in meaning to the word curtail, which is often used in formal writing and governance contexts.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Vocabulary questions commonly test your ability to recognise synonyms, that is, words with similar meanings. The word curtail appears often in newspapers, policy discussions, and academic writing. It generally refers to reducing, cutting short, or limiting something, such as curtailing expenses, curtailing freedom, or curtailing production. To answer this type of question correctly you must connect the target word with the correct semantic idea and identify the option that best matches that idea in normal English usage. Given Data / Assumptions: The word given is curtail. The options are: Prolong, Downsize, Lengthen, Extend. Only one option must be the closest in meaning, while the others serve as distractors. The question is from a general English section for competitive exams. Concept / Approach: Curtail means to reduce, cut down, or place a limit on something. It implies making something smaller in amount, duration, or extent. Therefore, we need a word that also carries the idea of reduction. Among the given choices, downsize is commonly used to describe reducing the size of an organisation, staff, or operation, and therefore it reflects the idea of shrinking or cutting down. The remaining options all imply increase or extension of time or size, which is the opposite of what curtail means. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall or deduce the meaning of curtail from context you may have seen earlier such as curtail expenses or curtail rights.Step 2: Restate this meaning in your own words as reduce, limit, or cut short.Step 3: Compare each option with this restated meaning.Step 4: Prolong means to make something last longer, which is the opposite of cutting short.Step 5: Downsize means to reduce in number, size, or scale, especially with regard to jobs or a company, which aligns well with the meaning of curtail.Step 6: Lengthen means to make longer and extend means to stretch or increase duration, so both contradict the idea of reduction. Verification / Alternative Check: To verify, try placing the synonyms in typical sentences. If a company decides to curtail its workforce, it is reducing staff strength. If a company decides to downsize its workforce, the meaning is practically the same. If you replace curtail with prolong, lengthen, or extend, the sentences start meaning the opposite. This simple test of substitution confirms that downsize is the only valid synonym among the options given in this exam question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Prolong means to make something last longer in time, which directly conflicts with the idea of cutting short. Lengthen also means to increase length or duration. Extend means to stretch or continue something further in space or time. All three imply an increase rather than a reduction. They are therefore antonyms or near antonyms of curtail and cannot be chosen as words similar in meaning in this context. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to confuse curtail with any formal sounding word without checking the actual sense. Another error is to rush and mark extend because it appears frequently in formal writing. Some learners also mix up downsize and resize, assuming that downsize is too specific to companies. Although it is often used for organisations, it still fundamentally means to reduce size, which matches the core idea of curtail very well. Always focus on the central concept of the target word, not the narrow context in which you have seen it before. Final Answer: The correct answer is Downsize.

Question 17

In this English vocabulary question, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the word inference as it is used in reading comprehension and logical reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The word inference is very common in reading comprehension, logical reasoning, and critical thinking questions in competitive exams. When exam setters ask you to identify an inference, they want to know whether you can arrive at a logical conclusion based on given facts or statements. This question checks whether you are familiar with the everyday meaning of the word inference and can match it with the closest synonym from the options. Given Data / Assumptions: The target word is inference. The options are: Beginning, Conclusion, Preparation, Discovery. Only one option should correctly convey the main sense of inference. The question appears in the general English section for reasoning and comprehension skills. Concept / Approach: An inference is a logical conclusion or opinion that you reach after considering the available evidence and reasoning. It is not the starting point but the end point of a thought process. Therefore the word we are looking for must express the sense of a derived end result. Among the choices, conclusion clearly denotes the final judgment or decision reached after thinking about something carefully. The other options suggest other stages of an activity and do not match this definition. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the role of inference in reading passages. After reading, you infer something, meaning you conclude something based on hints and facts.Step 2: Restate the meaning of inference as a logical conclusion drawn from evidence.Step 3: Examine each option. Beginning is the start of something, which is the opposite end of the process.Step 4: Conclusion fits perfectly as it represents the final idea reached after reasoning, just like an inference.Step 5: Preparation means the act of getting ready and Discovery refers to finding something that already exists, rather than deducing it from information.Step 6: Hence, conclusion is the closest and most accurate synonym. Verification / Alternative Check: You can verify by substituting the word into typical exam instructions. For example, Choose the best inference from the passage can be paraphrased as Choose the best conclusion from the passage. The instructions remain meaningful. However, replacing inference with beginning, preparation, or discovery would spoil the sense of the instruction. This confirms that conclusion is the correct synonym for inference in the context of reading and reasoning questions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Beginning refers to the starting point, not the result of thinking. Preparation is the process of making ready and is not about drawing any logical result. Discovery refers to finding something new or unknown, usually by exploration or research, not by reasoning from given statements alone. Inference, on the other hand, is based on mental processing of information, so discovery is also not accurate. Hence, all three alternatives fail to match the logical and reasoning based meaning of inference. Common Pitfalls: Many learners confuse inference with discovery because both can be related to finding something new. The key difference is that discovery is often physical or experimental, while inference is mental and logical. Another pitfall is to think of inference as something that happens at the start of reading, when actually it happens after you have gone through the material. Always align vocabulary with how it is used in exam instructions and reading tasks. This will help you avoid distractors and mark the correct option quickly. Final Answer: The correct answer is Conclusion.

Question 18

In this English vocabulary question, choose the option that is opposite in meaning to the word consensus, which is widely used in discussions about groups and decisions.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Antonym questions test your understanding of a word by asking you to identify another word with the opposite meaning. The word consensus is frequently used in politics, management, and group decision making. It refers to a general agreement among all or most members of a group. This question asks you to choose the opposite idea, that is, a situation in which there is no agreement and possibly even active disagreement. Given Data / Assumptions: The target word is consensus. The options are: Accord, Discord, Consent, Unity. Only one option should express the opposite meaning. The context is general English for competitive examinations. Concept / Approach: Consensus means a general agreement or shared opinion in a group. Therefore, the antonym must denote lack of agreement or conflict in opinions. Among the options, discord clearly refers to disagreement, lack of harmony, or conflict between people or groups. Accord, consent, and unity all suggest forms of agreement, harmony, or togetherness, which are similar in tone to consensus rather than opposite to it. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Restate the meaning of consensus as general agreement or collective opinion.Step 2: Search for a word that implies the breakdown of such agreement.Step 3: Accord means agreement or harmony, so it is a synonym, not an antonym.Step 4: Discord means conflict, disagreement, or lack of harmony, which is directly opposite to consensus.Step 5: Consent denotes approval or permission, again a positive form of agreement.Step 6: Unity means being joined together or in agreement, which aligns with consensus, not against it. Verification / Alternative Check: Imagine a committee discussing a policy. If the members reach a consensus, they largely agree. If the meeting is full of discord, they argue and fail to agree. These two situations are opposite. On the other hand, if the members reach accord, show consent, or maintain unity, all these words reinforce the idea of agreement and harmony. This real world check between group agreement and group conflict confirms that discord is the true antonym of consensus. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Accord means agreement and harmony, which is nearly the same as consensus. Consent means giving approval or permission, which again supports agreement rather than opposition. Unity suggests togetherness and oneness, which goes hand in hand with consensus in group decisions. Thus, all three words are aligned with the positive and harmonious sense of consensus and cannot be chosen as antonyms. Common Pitfalls: Some learners misread antonym questions as synonym questions and automatically choose words like accord or unity because they look familiar from similar passages. Another mistake is ignoring the prefix dis in discord, which often signals a negative or opposite idea such as in disapprove, disagree, or disconnect. Understanding these patterns and reading the instruction carefully helps you quickly spot discord as the word that expresses lack of agreement and therefore the correct opposite of consensus. Final Answer: The correct answer is Discord.

Question 19

In this English vocabulary question, choose the option that is opposite in meaning to the word mould, used in the sense of shaping or forming someone or something.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The word mould can function as both a noun and a verb. In general English and in exam questions, mould as a verb often means to shape, influence, or determine the form or character of something or someone, such as moulding a child's character or moulding clay into a pot. This question asks for the opposite meaning, so you need to think of a word that represents something natural, unshaped, or not artificially formed by an external influence. Given Data / Assumptions: The word given is mould, interpreted here in the sense of shaping or forming. The options are: Genuine, Shape, Slice, Sculpt. Only one option must be the opposite in meaning. The context is a general vocabulary question from competitive English. Concept / Approach: When mould is used as a verb meaning to shape or influence, the opposite idea is something that is natural, original, and not artificially shaped. The word genuine captures this sense by referring to something that is authentic and not altered or modified by external shaping forces. Shape and sculpt, on the other hand, are near synonyms of mould in the sense of forming or carving. Slice is simply a cut and does not function as a conceptual opposite in this context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Fix the sense of mould in this question as to shape, influence, or form.Step 2: Look for an option that expresses a contrasting idea of being natural, unaffected, or original.Step 3: Genuine means real, authentic, or not fake, and often suggests that something is in its true and unaltered state.Step 4: Shape means to form, and sculpt means to carve or shape artistically, both close in meaning to mould, not opposite.Step 5: Slice refers to cutting into pieces and does not give a clear opposite concept for mould as shaping.Step 6: Therefore, Genuine is the best antonym among the choices. Verification / Alternative Check: Consider the contrast between a moulded personality and a genuine personality. A moulded personality suggests that external influences have shaped the person, while a genuine personality suggests natural, authentic traits. This contrast works well as an antonym pair in exam style vocabulary questions. Similarly, in casual speech, we may say someone is genuine to emphasise originality rather than being someone who has been moulded into a standard pattern. This comparison supports Genuine as a reasonable opposite in this question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Shape is a very close synonym of mould when used as a verb, because both refer to giving form. Sculpt is another near synonym, especially for artistic shaping of materials such as stone or clay. Slice refers to cutting something, such as bread or fruit, into portions, which is neither a synonym nor a precise antonym of mould in this semantic field. None of these three words expresses the notion of authenticity or natural state, which makes them unsuitable as opposites for mould in the sense used here. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes select Slice simply because it looks different from the other options, or they overthink and assume the exam will never pair an abstract word like mould with a more abstract antonym like Genuine. However, exam setters often test nuanced understanding, where mould stands for shaping and Genuine stands for natural authenticity. To avoid such traps, always confirm the specific sense of the word in the question and then look for a contrasting idea rather than picking the most random or unfamiliar option. Final Answer: The correct answer is Genuine.

Question 20

In this English sentence rearrangement question, arrange the parts P, Q, and R to form a coherent sentence about urban and rural health conditions in developing countries.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Sentence rearrangement questions require you to arrange given parts of a sentence in the correct logical and grammatical order. In this question, you are working with three labelled segments that together should form a meaningful sentence about health conditions in developing countries. The skill being tested is your ability to recognise how subjects, verbs, and comparative phrases are typically ordered in clear English writing. Given Data / Assumptions: The fixed opening is: In developing countries today. Part P: urban health conditions. Part Q: than rural health conditions. Part R: seem to be better. You must choose the correct sequence from PRQ, PQR, QRP, and RPQ to form a single coherent sentence. Concept / Approach: A standard English comparative sentence often follows the structure subject plus verb phrase plus comparative phrase. In this case, the subject is urban health conditions, the verb phrase is seem to be better, and the comparative phrase is than rural health conditions. Therefore, after the introductory phrase In developing countries today, the parts should appear in the order P (subject), R (verb phrase), and Q (comparative phrase). This pattern maintains both grammatical correctness and natural flow. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Attach each part to the introductory phrase to see what fits naturally. Start by placing P after the opening to get In developing countries today urban health conditions.Step 2: Next, decide what should follow the subject. To make a complete clause we need a verb phrase, which is found in R: seem to be better.Step 3: After adding R, the partial sentence reads In developing countries today urban health conditions seem to be better.Step 4: Finally, to complete the comparison, add Q: than rural health conditions.Step 5: The full sentence becomes In developing countries today urban health conditions seem to be better than rural health conditions, which is grammatically correct and meaningful.Step 6: This sequence corresponds to option PRQ. Verification / Alternative Check: Check the other orders quickly. PQR would produce In developing countries today urban health conditions than rural health conditions seem to be better, which is incorrect because the comparison phrase appears before the verb seem. QRP begins with the comparative phrase than rural health conditions, which cannot logically follow the introductory phrase directly. RPQ begins with the verb phrase seem to be better and is missing a clear subject at that point. Only PRQ produces a natural subject plus verb plus comparison structure, which confirms it is the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option PQR misplaces the verb, creating a broken comparison. Option QRP and option RPQ both violate the normal subject first order and produce awkward or meaningless fragments when attached to the opening clause. Since rearrangement questions are designed around typical English sentence patterns, any order that breaks subject plus verb plus complement will sound wrong or incomplete. Thus, these three options fail both grammatically and logically. Common Pitfalls: Many learners focus only on the sense of comparison and quickly pair better with than without checking the position of the main verb. Another frequent mistake is to start with R because seem to be better feels like the central idea, forgetting that English clauses need a subject before such a verb phrase. To handle similar questions correctly, always identify the subject, the verb phrase, and any comparative or additional phrase, and then arrange them in that standard order after any introductory phrase given in the question. Final Answer: The correct sequence is PRQ, giving the sentence: In developing countries today urban health conditions seem to be better than rural health conditions.

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