Question 1

Choose the alternative that best expresses the same meaning as the sentence "Sunny was driving the car so fast that it slipped at the turn" in the required voice, without changing the sense.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of active and passive voice transformation. The original sentence is in the active voice, with "Sunny" as the subject who performs the action of driving. You are asked to choose the option that expresses the same idea in the required voice without changing the meaning. Such questions are common in competitive exams because they check both grammar and sense preservation. The correct answer must maintain the tense, aspect, and cause effect relationship while shifting focus between subject and object appropriately. Given Data / Assumptions: Original sentence: "Sunny was driving the car so fast that it slipped at the turn." Subject in active voice: Sunny. Object in active voice: the car. Tense and aspect: past continuous, "was driving". Result: the car slipped at the turn due to high speed driving. We need a transformation that respects these elements and uses passive structure correctly if the option is passive. Concept / Approach: In voice change, the subject of an active sentence becomes the object or agent in a passive sentence, and the object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive. Here, "Sunny was driving the car" converts to "The car was being driven by Sunny". The auxiliary for past continuous passive is "was being" plus past participle of the main verb, in this case, "driven". The cause effect part "so fast that it slipped at the turn" needs to be preserved exactly, because it explains why the slip occurred. We must also ensure that the new subject of the passive sentence is "the car". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the verb phrase in the original: "was driving", which is past continuous. Step 2: Identify the subject and object. Subject: Sunny. Object: the car. Step 3: Form the passive of "Sunny was driving the car" by making "the car" the subject: "The car was being driven by Sunny." Step 4: Retain the reason clause "so fast that it slipped at the turn" and attach it to the new passive structure. Step 5: The correct transformed sentence becomes "The car was being driven by Sunny so fast that it slipped at the turn." Step 6: Match this sentence with the options. It corresponds exactly to option C. Verification / Alternative check: Check each option. Option A, "Sunny slipped at the turn as he was driving the car so fast", wrongly suggests that Sunny himself slipped, not the car. Option B uses an inverted active form "So fast was Sunny driving the car that it slipped at the turn", which is stylistic emphasis but not a change of voice. Option D, "The car slipped at the turn as Sunny was driving it so fast", is essentially the same as the original, still active voice with focus on the car as subject in the second clause only. Only option C produces a clear passive structure for the main action "was driving" using "was being driven by Sunny". Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A changes the meaning by implying that Sunny slipped, which is incorrect because the original sentence states that the car slipped. Option B keeps the sentence in active voice, only using inversion for emphasis, so it does not satisfy a requirement to express the sentence in the opposite voice when that is intended in such questions. Option D mixes focus and remains essentially active; it does not show the main verb phrase "was driving" in passive form. Common Pitfalls: Students often confuse stylistic rearrangements with genuine changes of voice. In voice questions, always look for the structure "be + past participle" for passive forms and check whether the old object has become the new subject. Another pitfall is accidentally shifting meaning by changing which noun is doing the action or experiencing the result. When solving, write a quick passive version yourself and then match it to the options, rather than trying to choose among options first. This reduces errors caused by attractive but incorrect rearrangements. Final Answer: The car was being driven by Sunny so fast that it slipped at the turn.

Question 2

Select the correctly spelt English word from the given options.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Spelling questions test basic but essential aspects of English usage. Many competitive examinations include at least a few items where you must identify the correctly spelt word among several similar looking options. These questions are not only about memorising spellings but also about recognising familiar word patterns. In this item, only one word follows the standard spelling accepted in dictionaries, while the others contain typical spelling mistakes in vowels or consonant combinations. Given Data / Assumptions: You are given four options: terains, priestly, fereted, ablasion. Only one is a correctly spelt English word in standard usage. All four options look somewhat like genuine English words and are designed to confuse an unprepared candidate. We assume familiarity with common words like "priestly", which appears in religious and literary contexts. The task is to identify the single correct spelling, not to provide a meaning for each word. Concept / Approach: The best approach is to recognise which of these options appears in real English texts. Three of the options are distorted forms of real words: "terrains", "ferreted", and "abrasion". The exam setter has altered letters to create plausible looking but incorrect versions. The fourth option, "priestly", is the standard adjective derived from "priest", describing something relating to priests or the priesthood. This word is often used in phrases like "priestly duties" or "priestly garments". Identifying the root words and their usual spellings helps you quickly eliminate incorrect ones. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine option A, "terains". It appears to be a misspelling of "terrains", which refers to land forms or types of ground. The correct form has a double r and often a double r plus a in the middle. Step 2: Examine option B, "priestly". This clearly comes from the noun "priest". The accepted adjective is spelled p r i e s t l y, which matches exactly this option. Step 3: Examine option C, "fereted". It seems to be a distorted version of "ferreted", the past tense of "ferret" in the sense of searching out hidden things. The correct past tense is spelled f e r r e t e d, with double r and t in standard English. Step 4: Examine option D, "ablasion". This looks like a corrupted form of "abrasion", a word describing scraping or wearing away. The correct spelling uses r after b and s, and the vowel pattern is different. Step 5: Since only option B matches a standard dictionary spelling without alterations, choose "priestly" as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by recalling real phrases: "priestly life", "priestly duties", and "priestly vestments" are common. The other options do not appear in any standard collocations. A quick memory check of common English words confirms that "terrains", "ferreted", and "abrasion" are the genuine forms, not the altered versions shown. Therefore, the only option that needs no correction and is itself a real word is "priestly". Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A is wrong because "terains" lacks the correct double r pattern and the correct placement of vowels used in "terrains". Option C is wrong because "fereted" removes necessary letters from "ferreted" and breaks the normal root plus ending pattern. Option D is wrong because "ablasion" replaces the r after b with l and uses an incorrect vowel arrangement compared to "abrasion". Common Pitfalls: Many candidates rely only on how a word sounds and not on visual familiarity with the spelling. As a result, they may accept a distorted form if they have rarely seen the correct word in print. Another pitfall is confusion caused by double consonants, such as rr or tt, which exam setters often manipulate. The best way to build strength in such questions is to read widely and pay attention to the exact spelling of words in newspapers, books, and study material. Over time, the correct forms will look natural, and incorrect ones will stand out quickly. Final Answer: priestly

Question 3

Select the synonym of the noun "stash" when it is used to mean a hidden store or supply of something.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: In this vocabulary question, you must identify a synonym of the noun "stash". The word appears very often in news reports, crime stories, and informal conversation, usually referring to a hidden quantity of money, goods, or illegal items. Competitive exams check whether you can link such everyday terms with more formal or technical equivalents. Choosing the correct synonym shows that you understand both the meaning and the typical context of the word. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: "stash", used as a noun. Given options: dearth, deficit, lack, cache. We assume the common meaning "secret or hidden store" of valuable or illegal items. Only one option has this sense of a stored supply, especially a secret one. Other options are related to shortage, which is the opposite of having a stash. Concept / Approach: "Stash" as a noun refers to a collection of something that has been put away, often secretly or for future use. For example, a person might keep a stash of savings or a stash of snacks. A good synonym should therefore suggest a store, hoard, or cache. In contrast, words like "dearth", "deficit", and "lack" describe absence or insufficiency, which is conceptually opposite to having a supply. So we can group options into those that express shortage and those that express stored quantity, and then choose accordingly. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that a "stash" is a hidden collection or secret store of items. Step 2: Examine option A, "dearth". This means scarcity or an insufficient quantity of something, the exact opposite of a stored supply. Step 3: Examine option B, "deficit". This refers to a shortfall or negative balance, such as a budget deficit, again indicating not enough of something. Step 4: Examine option C, "lack". This is a common word for the absence or insufficiency of something, which conflicts with the idea of having a stash. Step 5: Examine option D, "cache". This means a hidden store of goods, valuables, or data, such as a cache of weapons or a cache of files on a computer. Step 6: Since "cache" clearly refers to a stored supply and often a secret one, it aligns closely with "stash". Verification / Alternative check: To verify, place each option in a natural sentence. "The police found a stash of weapons" can be rewritten as "The police found a cache of weapons". The sentence remains meaningful. However, "dearth of weapons", "deficit of weapons", or "lack of weapons" indicate that weapons are missing or insufficient, not secretly stored. This confirms that only "cache" carries the notion of a hidden store that matches "stash". Dictionaries also directly list "cache" and "hoard" as synonyms of "stash". Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A is wrong because "dearth" means scarcity or insufficient quantity, which opposes the idea of having a supply hidden away. Option B is wrong because "deficit" is a technical term for shortfall in accounts or balances, not a secret collection of items. Option C is wrong because "lack" refers to absence, once again the opposite of a stash or hoard. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to select words that share a negative or serious tone rather than focusing on exact meaning. Some candidates might see mysterious or formal sounding words and choose them without checking whether they indicate shortage or surplus. When dealing with synonyms, always think of one or two typical sentences that use the target word, then test each option in that sentence. If the resulting sentence still describes the same situation, you have likely found a genuine synonym. Final Answer: cache

Question 4

Rearrange the parts of the sentence to form a meaningful statement about senior officials signalling the readiness of China to negotiate a solution.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Rearrangement questions test your ability to recognise logical sentence structure and word order in English. Here, you are given three segments labelled P, Q, and R, and a base subject phrase "Senior officials". You must decide the correct order of the segments so that a clear and grammatically correct sentence emerges. The sentence describes senior officials sending a signal that China is ready to negotiate a solution, which is a typical diplomatic or political context often found in newspaper articles. Given Data / Assumptions: Opening phrase: "Senior officials". P: "to negotiate a solution". Q: "readiness". R: "have signalled China's". We must combine these into one grammatical and meaningful sentence. The final sentence should reflect normal English word order and logical flow of meaning. Concept / Approach: In English, the usual structure for such a sentence is: subject + verb phrase + object + complement. The subject is "Senior officials". The verb phrase is "have signalled". The object is "China's readiness". The infinitive phrase "to negotiate a solution" explains readiness and should follow "readiness". So we need an order where R, Q, and P follow the subject smoothly to produce "Senior officials have signalled China's readiness to negotiate a solution." We check each option to see which sequence yields this structure. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Start with the fixed beginning "Senior officials". Step 2: Consider R: "have signalled China's". This logically follows the subject because it contains the auxiliary verb "have" and the main verb "signalled". So we get "Senior officials have signalled China's". Step 3: Next, we need a noun immediately after "China's" to indicate what belongs to China. Q: "readiness" is a noun, so "China's readiness" fits perfectly. Step 4: Finally, we add P: "to negotiate a solution" to describe what kind of readiness China has. This produces "China's readiness to negotiate a solution", completing the sense. Step 5: Combine everything: "Senior officials have signalled China's readiness to negotiate a solution." Step 6: The sequence we used for the segments is R (have signalled China's), Q (readiness), P (to negotiate a solution). This is option B, RQP. Verification / Alternative check: Test another sequence, for example PQR. "Senior officials to negotiate a solution readiness have signalled China's" is ungrammatical and confused. Also QRP would give "Senior officials readiness have signalled China's to negotiate a solution", which again is wrong. Only RQP gives a smooth verbal group after the subject, followed by a correctly ordered noun phrase and an infinitive phrase. Reading the final sentence aloud, "Senior officials have signalled China's readiness to negotiate a solution", confirms that it matches real newspaper style English. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, QRP, places "readiness" immediately after "Senior officials", resulting in "Senior officials readiness", which is not a valid subject phrase and breaks the verb structure. Option C, PRQ, starts with "to negotiate a solution", which cannot directly follow the subject and does not contain the main verb, so the sentence remains incomplete. Option D, PQR, leads to an even more jumbled structure, where the verb "have signalled" appears too late and the relationships between phrases are not clear. Common Pitfalls: A common error in such questions is picking an order that sounds partially correct in the middle but fails as a full sentence. Some learners also focus only on meaning blocks like "to negotiate a solution" and forget that a sentence must have a clear verb phrase earlier. To avoid this, always identify the main verb and make sure it appears soon after the subject. Then place possessive forms like "China's" directly before the noun they modify, such as "readiness". Finally, add any infinitive phrase that explains purpose after the main noun phrase. Final Answer: RQP

Question 5

In the following passage on saints and satyagrahis, choose the most suitable word to fill the blank in the sentence "A saint or a satyagrahi is often put on a ________, freezing her acts of goodness in time."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is part of a cloze passage about how society treats saints and satyagrahis. The sentence "A saint or a satyagrahi is often put on a ________, freezing her acts of goodness in time" uses a common metaphor in English. The question tests your ability to choose the most appropriate word that fits both the literal image and the figurative meaning. The idiomatic expression "put someone on a pedestal" describes placing a person in a position of admiration and idealisation, often beyond normal criticism. Given Data / Assumptions: Given sentence: "A saint or a satyagrahi is often put on a ________, freezing her acts of goodness in time." Options: pedestal, platform, plinth, podium. The broader passage discusses how goodness gets fixed or frozen, suggesting elevation and idealisation rather than just any raised surface. We assume the standard idiomatic usage of English in moral and social commentary. Only one word forms a well known expression that matches the writer's message. Concept / Approach: In figurative language, "to put someone on a pedestal" means to admire them excessively and treat them as if they are perfect. It goes beyond a physical raised surface and carries a strong connotation of idealising someone. The other options also describe raised structures, but they lack this established idiomatic meaning. "Platform", "plinth", and "podium" generally refer to physical structures used for speeches, statues, or performances, and they do not create the same metaphor for extreme admiration in English writing. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Notice the phrase "put on a ________", which hints at a fixed expression in English. Step 2: Recall the idiom "to put someone on a pedestal", which means to treat a person as an ideal or perfect figure. Step 3: Consider the broader clause "freezing her acts of goodness in time", which suggests that society turns a living person into a static ideal, exactly what the idiom implies. Step 4: Evaluate option A, "pedestal". This word completes the idiom and fits both the literal and figurative context. Step 5: Evaluate option B, "platform". Although a platform is a raised structure, there is no common idiom "put on a platform" with the same meaning. Step 6: Evaluate option C, "plinth". A plinth is a base for a statue, but the set phrase in English is not "put on a plinth" when talking about idealising a person. Step 7: Evaluate option D, "podium". A podium is used for speeches or awards, and again, there is no strong idiomatic phrase "put on a podium" in the sense of idealising character. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full sentence with each option. "Put on a pedestal" immediately sounds like a familiar English phrase, and the entire sentence "A saint or a satyagrahi is often put on a pedestal, freezing her acts of goodness in time" reads smoothly and meaningfully. The other combinations, such as "put on a platform" or "put on a podium", lack this natural idiomatic force. Additionally, the following lines in the passage talk about heroism becoming a statue or a fixed stencil, reinforcing the idea that the person is elevated to an untouchable ideal. This is exactly what the "pedestal" idiom conveys. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, platform, is wrong because it suggests only a physical structure for standing or speaking and does not carry the metaphorical load of idealisation in common English usage. Option C, plinth, is wrong because, although it relates to statues, the language of the passage relies on a familiar idiom, and "put on a plinth" is not widely used in that figurative sense. Option D, podium, is wrong because it refers to a stand for speakers or winners, not to the act of turning a person into an idealised moral figure beyond criticism. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake in cloze tests is focusing only on literal meaning and ignoring idiomatic language. All four options are associated with raised structures, so if you think only in physical terms, you may find them equally plausible. However, exam passages often depend on well known phrases that carry deeper social or psychological meanings. Train yourself to recognise such fixed expressions and link them with their broader implications in text. This awareness will significantly increase your accuracy in reading comprehension and cloze questions. Final Answer: pedestal

Question 6

In the same passage, choose the word that best completes the sentence "Goodness acquires an act of fixed quality ________ in amber."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze passage uses the image of amber to describe how goodness becomes fixed and unchanging over time. The sentence "Goodness acquires an act of fixed quality ________ in amber" needs a word that fits both grammatically and conceptually. The question checks your understanding of collocations and metaphors in English. Amber, a fossilised tree resin, often preserves insects or leaves inside it, so the verb that combines naturally with "in amber" and "fixed quality" is important. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence fragment: "Goodness acquires an act of fixed quality ________ in amber." Options: ingrained, impacted, embedded, deepseated. The passage continues the metaphor that began with putting a saint on a pedestal and turning their goodness into something frozen in time. We need a past participle or adjective that can logically precede "in amber". The correct option must also match common scientific or figurative usage. Concept / Approach: The phrase "embedded in amber" is a well known image in English, used both literally and metaphorically. Scientists may find insects embedded in amber, and writers extend this idea to describe anything preserved unchanged for a very long time. The other options, "ingrained", "impacted", and "deepseated", describe strong or deep qualities but are not typically followed by "in amber". To solve such a cloze item, you should check which word forms a natural collocation with the rest of the phrase. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note the full fragment: "fixed quality ________ in amber". This suggests something physically inside or within amber. Step 2: Evaluate option A, "ingrained". We usually say "ingrained habit" or "ingrained belief", not "ingrained in amber". The image does not work well with amber. Step 3: Evaluate option B, "impacted". While it can mean pressed in or affected, it sounds awkward in the phrase "impacted in amber". Step 4: Evaluate option C, "embedded". This is often used to describe objects fixed firmly and deeply in surrounding material, such as "embedded in rock" or "embedded in amber". Step 5: Evaluate option D, "deepseated". This describes something firmly established in the mind or character, but not usually something located in amber. Step 6: Conclude that "embedded" is the only option that correctly describes something fixed inside amber and matches normal English usage. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full sentence with each option. "Goodness acquires an act of fixed quality embedded in amber" sounds natural and continues the extended metaphor of preservation and rigidity. If we try "ingrained in amber" or "deepseated in amber", the image becomes confusing because those words are generally used with mental traits, not physical substances. "Impacted in amber" is grammatically possible but not idiomatic. Moreover, in scientific and literary writing, the standard phrase is "embedded in amber", especially when referring to fossils or preserved objects. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, ingrained, is wrong because it usually describes habits, prejudices, or attitudes deeply fixed in a person or culture, not physical preservation in a substance like amber. Option B, impacted, is wrong because it suggests being jammed or pressed together, as in "impacted teeth", and is not the usual description for the metaphor the author uses here. Option D, deepseated, is wrong because it refers to internal mental or emotional conditions, such as "deepseated fear", and does not combine well with "in amber". Common Pitfalls: The main pitfall is choosing a word that feels generally strong or poetic but does not actually collocate with the noun or phrase that follows. Competitive exams often include several attractive but incorrect adjectives that sound impressive yet are not idiomatic in specific combinations. To avoid mistakes, always imagine how the word is used in real texts you have read, and ask whether it naturally appears with the surrounding words. This practice will strengthen both your reading and cloze solving skills. Final Answer: embedded

Question 7

In the same passage, choose the word that best completes the sentence "Rather than ________ a living creature, a saint or an icon becomes a hoarding, a permanent spectacle or a redundant quotation."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze question continues the reflection on how society treats saints and satyagrahis. The sentence "Rather than ________ a living creature, a saint or an icon becomes a hoarding, a permanent spectacle or a redundant quotation" contrasts the idea of remaining alive and dynamic with becoming a fixed image. The blank needs a form of the verb "be" that fits the grammatical structure and meaning. Correct selection requires knowledge of non finite verb forms and how they connect clauses. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "Rather than ________ a living creature, a saint or an icon becomes a hoarding, a permanent spectacle or a redundant quotation." Options: being, having been, had been, becoming. The structure "Rather than ________ a living creature" needs a present participle or gerund that logically contrasts with "becomes". The subject "a saint or an icon" is shared by both parts of the comparison. The passage is in a general descriptive present tense, not talking about past events only. Concept / Approach: In English, the phrase "Rather than being X, someone becomes Y" is a common way to show contrast between what something could be and what it actually is. After "rather than", when we connect two alternatives for the same subject, we often use an ing form: "being", "doing", and so on. The alternatives usually share the same logical subject and time frame. Forms like "having been" or "had been" point to completed past actions and would not match a general present description. The option "becoming" would not fit because it would create a parallel "rather than becoming a living creature", which is not the intended meaning. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the two parts of the contrast: an earlier phrase after "rather than" and the main clause "a saint or an icon becomes a hoarding". Step 2: Recognise that the subject "a saint or an icon" is understood in both parts: "Rather than ________ a living creature, a saint or an icon becomes..." Step 3: Choose a form that pairs naturally with "becomes" in general present commentary. The pattern "Rather than being a living creature, a saint or an icon becomes..." is standard. Step 4: Test option A, "being": "Rather than being a living creature..." sounds natural and grammatically correct. Step 5: Test option B, "having been": "Rather than having been a living creature..." wrongly suggests a completed past state and disrupts the general present tone. Step 6: Test option C, "had been": this would produce a finite past perfect clause that does not fit after "rather than" without extra structure. Step 7: Test option D, "becoming": "Rather than becoming a living creature..." is illogical because saints are already living before being turned into icons. Verification / Alternative check: Reading the entire clause "Rather than being a living creature, a saint or an icon becomes a hoarding, a permanent spectacle or a redundant quotation" makes the author's idea clear. The living person, who should remain dynamic, is instead turned into a static representation. The contrast between "being a living creature" and "becomes a hoarding" is balanced and rhetorically effective. None of the other options maintains this smooth comparison or the correct tense relationship in the general descriptive context of the passage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, having been, is wrong because it introduces an unnecessary completed past sense that conflicts with the present tense narrative of the passage. Option C, had been, is wrong because it would require additional restructuring and functions as a finite past perfect verb, which does not fit directly after "rather than". Option D, becoming, is wrong because it changes the meaning, suggesting that the saint was not already a living creature, which is logically incorrect and breaks the implied contrast. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes overuse complex forms like "having been" or "had been" thinking they sound more advanced, but this often makes the sentence grammatically awkward. Another frequent issue is not paying attention to the shared subject and time frame in "rather than" structures. When you see "rather than" followed by a verb, check whether the sentence compares two states or actions of the same subject and keep the forms parallel when possible. A simple ing form often works best in such comparisons. Final Answer: being

Question 8

In the same passage, choose the word that best completes the sentence "Saintliness or heroism becomes a bundle of pictures in a calendar, a statue ________ inflexibly."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This cloze question focuses on verb form and style within a descriptive passage. The sentence "Saintliness or heroism becomes a bundle of pictures in a calendar, a statue ________ inflexibly" contrasts lively moral action with static, rigid representations. The blank requires a form that smoothly describes the statue as a continuous, unchanging presence. The question tests your understanding of participle use and the rhythm of literary English. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "Saintliness or heroism becomes a bundle of pictures in a calendar, a statue ________ inflexibly." Options: standing, stands, stood, always stands. The passage uses present tense narrative to describe general tendencies. The phrase "a statue ________ inflexibly" modifies "a statue" and should describe its fixed state. We assume the writer aims for a descriptive, poetic flow rather than a simple factual statement. Concept / Approach: In literary and descriptive writing, it is common to use a present participle, such as "standing", after a noun to describe an ongoing state or posture. For example, "a statue standing in the square" paints a vivid picture. The simple present "stands" could also fit grammatically, but it changes the rhythm and structure of the sentence. Since "a bundle of pictures in a calendar, a statue standing inflexibly" lists two images in parallel, "standing" functions as a participle that further describes the statue. The choice therefore depends on both grammar and style. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the noun phrase that needs description: "a statue". Step 2: Notice that the phrase is part of a larger pattern: "a bundle of pictures in a calendar, a statue ________ inflexibly", where both items illustrate the same idea of frozen heroism. Step 3: Evaluate option A, "standing". This participle naturally describes the continuous posture of the statue: "a statue standing inflexibly". Step 4: Evaluate option B, "stands". "A statue stands inflexibly" is grammatically correct but shifts the sentence toward a full clause rather than a descriptive apposition parallel to "a bundle of pictures". Step 5: Evaluate option C, "stood". This past tense form conflicts with the general present narrative of the passage. Step 6: Evaluate option D, "always stands". This adds an adverb that slightly disturbs the compact, metaphorical structure of the sentence. Step 7: Conclude that "standing" best matches both the grammar and the literary style of the passage. Verification / Alternative check: Insert each option into the full sentence. "Saintliness or heroism becomes a bundle of pictures in a calendar, a statue standing inflexibly" reads smoothly, with "standing inflexibly" directly modifying "a statue". If we use "stands", the phrase becomes "a statue stands inflexibly", which feels like a full sentence joined awkwardly to the previous item. The writer seems to intend a parallel list of images rather than two separate clauses. Option C, "stood", would force the reader to shift to a past narrative, and "always stands" in option D introduces extra emphasis that is unnecessary and stylistically heavy. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B is wrong because, although grammatically possible, it breaks the parallel structure and makes the phrase less compact and poetic than the participle construction. Option C is wrong because it changes the tense to past, which does not match the general descriptive present used elsewhere in the passage. Option D is wrong because the addition of "always" shifts the focus and slightly overstates the point, disrupting the balanced rhythm of the metaphor. Common Pitfalls: In cloze tests, candidates often focus only on bare grammar and forget about style, parallelism, and tense consistency. It is important to read several lines before and after the blank to understand how the sentence functions in the passage. Recognising common descriptive patterns, such as noun + present participle ("a statue standing", "a child playing"), will help you choose forms that both work grammatically and sound natural in context. Final Answer: standing

Question 9

In the same passage, choose the preposition that best completes the sentence "Goodness becomes a stencil fixed ________ time."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This final cloze item in the passage focuses on choosing the correct preposition to complete the phrase "fixed ________ time". The sentence "Goodness becomes a stencil fixed ________ time" continues the metaphor of goodness turning into something rigid and unchanging. The question tests your familiarity with natural prepositional collocations in English. Prepositions often appear in fixed combinations with certain adjectives and participles, and "fixed in time" is one such common expression. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "Goodness becomes a stencil fixed ________ time." Options: of, in, with, about. The image is of something frozen or unmoving with respect to time. We must select the preposition that typically follows "fixed" in such contexts. The earlier parts of the passage speak of acts of goodness being frozen or preserved, reinforcing this metaphor. Concept / Approach: In English, we commonly say "fixed in time" to convey the idea that something does not change as time passes or that it belongs permanently to a particular moment or era. The preposition "in" connects the state of being fixed with the dimension or framework of time. The other options form phrases that are either unidiomatic or carry different meanings, such as "fixed with", "fixed of", or "fixed about". The key is to recall which combinations you have actually seen in authentic language usage. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the phrase "fixed ________ time" and recall similar phrases like "frozen in time" or "trapped in time". Step 2: Test option A, "of". "Fixed of time" does not form a recognised phrase and sounds unnatural. Step 3: Test option B, "in". "Fixed in time" is a familiar and idiomatic expression meaning unchanged over time. Step 4: Test option C, "with". "Fixed with time" could suggest that something is set together with time, but this is not a standard phrase for the intended meaning. Step 5: Test option D, "about". "Fixed about time" is awkward and does not match any known collocation. Step 6: Conclude that "in" is the only option that completes a normal English expression. Verification / Alternative check: Read the full sentence using option B: "Goodness becomes a stencil fixed in time." This echoes common literary phrases such as "a moment fixed in time" and "figures frozen in time". These expressions describe situations where movement and change have stopped. The rest of the passage also uses imagery like being embedded in amber and standing inflexibly, which supports this reading. Trying the other options aloud reveals that they do not create such a recognisable or fluent phrase. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, of, is wrong because "fixed of time" is not idiomatic and does not express a clear relationship between the state and time. Option C, with, is wrong because "fixed with time" could mistakenly suggest being attached together with time, but this is not a standard way to express the notion of being unchanged. Option D, about, is wrong because "fixed about time" has no established meaning and sounds unnatural in literary prose. Common Pitfalls: In preposition questions, students sometimes choose based on loose associations rather than specific collocations. To avoid this, try to remember actual examples from reading, such as "frozen in time" or "lodged in history". Building a mental library of such phrases makes cloze tasks easier. When in doubt, gently read the sentence aloud in your mind and see which option feels most natural in continuous speech. With practice, your ear for correct prepositional usage will improve significantly. Final Answer: in

Question 10

In the following question, choose the word that best expresses the meaning of the adjective "obsequious" from the given alternatives.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of higher level vocabulary, specifically the adjective "obsequious". Such words frequently appear in editorials, literature, and critical essays to describe attitudes and behaviour. Understanding them allows you to grasp subtle character descriptions and social criticism. You must select the option that is closest in meaning to "obsequious". Knowing both meaning and connotation is important, because the word carries a negative nuance related to excessive flattery. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: OBSEQUIOUS (written in capitals for emphasis). Options: DEFIANT, DISHONEST, SERVILE, HONEST. We assume standard dictionary meanings in modern English. "Obsequious" is used to describe a person who flatters or obeys in an overly eager way to gain favour. Only one option expresses this sense of subservience and excessive eagerness to please. Concept / Approach: "Obsequious" refers to behaviour that is excessively willing to serve or obey someone, often with insincere flattery. An obsequious person bows and agrees too much, not out of genuine respect but to gain approval or advantage. A close synonym is "servile". The other options refer to unrelated qualities: "defiant" describes resistance, "dishonest" refers to lack of truthfulness, and "honest" is positive sincerity. To solve the question, recall the central idea of obsequious behaviour and match it to the closest descriptive word. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the meaning of "obsequious" as excessively eager to obey or please someone, usually in a flattering way. Step 2: Examine option A, "DEFIANT". This means refusing to obey or showing resistance, which is the opposite of eager obedience. Step 3: Examine option B, "DISHONEST". While an obsequious person may sometimes be insincere, the main focus of the word is not on truthfulness but on submissive behaviour. Step 4: Examine option C, "SERVILE". This word describes someone who behaves like a servant, excessively submissive, and too ready to please or obey, which matches the sense of "obsequious". Step 5: Examine option D, "HONEST". This is a positive quality focusing on truthfulness, unrelated to following orders or flattering others. Step 6: Conclude that "SERVILE" is the best synonym. Verification / Alternative check: Consider a sentence such as "The manager disliked employees who were obsequious and always praised him". Replacing "obsequious" with "servile" keeps the meaning: "The manager disliked employees who were servile and always praised him". However, replacing it with "defiant", "dishonest", or "honest" would completely change the sense. Dictionaries also list "fawning", "subservient", and "servile" as key synonyms of "obsequious", confirming that option C is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, DEFIANT, is wrong because it indicates resistant or rebellious behaviour, the opposite of submissiveness. Option B, DISHONEST, is wrong because it focuses on lying or cheating rather than posture toward authority or superiors. Option D, HONEST, is wrong because it describes moral truthfulness, not a style of exaggerated obedience. Common Pitfalls: A typical error is to associate "obsequious" with dishonesty because the behaviour often includes insincere flattery. However, the core idea is exaggerated servility, not simply lying. Another trap is confusing long or formal sounding words like "defiant" and "servile" without recalling their precise meanings. The best way to avoid these mistakes is to learn new words with sample sentences and to group them with clear synonyms and antonyms during revision, for example, "obsequious and servile" versus "independent and defiant". Final Answer: SERVILE

Question 11

In the following question, choose the word that is opposite in meaning to the adjective "rugged".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question asks for an antonym, or opposite, of the word "rugged". The adjective is commonly used to describe uneven surfaces, rough landscapes, or sometimes strong, weathered faces. Knowing its opposite helps you interpret descriptions in reading passages where writers contrast rough and gentle surfaces or harsh and mild conditions. The correct answer must capture the idea that is most directly opposed to roughness and irregularity. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: RUGGED (in capitals for emphasis). Options: HARD, STURDY, SMOOTH, ROUGH. We assume the typical physical sense of "rugged" as uneven, rough, or jagged, especially in relation to terrain or surfaces. The opposite should describe a surface that is even, gentle, and free from roughness. Two options are synonyms or near synonyms, one is the opposite, and one is somewhat neutral. Concept / Approach: "Rugged" often describes a surface that is rough and irregular, such as a rugged mountain trail or rugged coastline. The word can also mean strong or sturdy when talking about people or equipment, but in exam questions, the primary physical sense is usually tested. Therefore, the best antonym is a word describing a surface that is even and not rough, which is "smooth". Words like "hard" and "sturdy" do not imply roughness; they describe strength or firmness. "Rough" is actually a close synonym of the surface sense of "rugged". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that "rugged" means rough, uneven, or jagged, especially when describing terrain or surfaces. Step 2: Examine option A, "HARD". A hard surface may be smooth or rough, so hardness is not the opposite of being rugged. Step 3: Examine option B, "STURDY". This describes strength and robustness, and is often a positive quality. Rugged hills can also be sturdy, so they are not opposites. Step 4: Examine option C, "SMOOTH". This means even, with no bumps or roughness, which is directly opposite to a rugged, uneven surface. Step 5: Examine option D, "ROUGH". This is very close in meaning to rugged; a rough road and a rugged road both have irregular, difficult surfaces. Step 6: Conclude that "SMOOTH" is the correct antonym for "rugged". Verification / Alternative check: Imagine a sentence: "The path was too rugged to walk comfortably." Reversing the idea, we can say "The path was smooth and easy to walk." The contrast between rugged and smooth makes sense and reflects common usage. However, replacing rugged with hard would not reverse the difficulty, because even a smooth marble floor is hard. Similarly, a sturdy bridge can be both smooth and rugged in different ways. "Rough" works as a synonym, not an opposite. These comparisons verify that smooth is the true antonym in this context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, HARD, is wrong because hardness refers to resistance to pressure or scratching, not to surface evenness or irregularity. Option B, STURDY, is wrong because it describes strength or durability and is often used positively with rugged to highlight toughness. Option D, ROUGH, is wrong because it closely matches the sense of rugged instead of opposing it. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse intensity with opposition. Words like "hard" and "sturdy" may feel strong and so they attract attention, but strength is not the opposite of roughness. The correct strategy is to focus on the specific quality being highlighted in the question. For "rugged", the key quality is uneven and rough surface. Therefore the opposite should be an even and sleek surface, which is best captured by "smooth". Paying attention to context and visualising the described object will make such questions easier. Final Answer: SMOOTH

Question 12

Four words are given, out of which only one word is spelt correctly. Choose the correctly spelt form of the word that refers to forged money or documents.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This spelling question asks you to identify the correct form of a fairly common English word used in legal and financial contexts. The word "counterfeit" describes fake money, fake documents, or fake goods produced to deceive others. Spelling accuracy is important not only for exam performance but also for professional communication. The exam setter has created three misleading variants to test whether you can recognise the genuine spelling that appears in dictionaries and serious writing. Given Data / Assumptions: Given options: Counterfeit, Counterfeet, Counter feet, Counterfiet. Only one is the correct standard spelling of the English word meaning fake or forged. The others are distractors that change vowels or split the word incorrectly. We assume familiarity with common phrases like "counterfeit currency" and "counterfeit notes". Concept / Approach: The correct spelling of the word is "counterfeit", written as one word. It combines "counter" with a form that looks like "feit", not "feet" or "fiet". The distractors take advantage of English pronunciation, where "feit" sounds like "feet", to mislead learners who rely only on sound. Another distractor splits the word into two parts "counter feet", which is incorrect because the meaning has nothing to do with "feet". A sound strategy is to think of real usage in context and recall where you have seen the word correctly written. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the definition of the target word: "counterfeit" means fake money, documents, or goods intended to deceive. Step 2: Examine option A, "Counterfeit". This matches the spelling found in dictionaries and official documents. Step 3: Examine option B, "Counterfeet". This wrongly uses "feet", the plural of foot, which is unrelated to the meaning of fake or forged. Step 4: Examine option C, "Counter feet". Splitting the word into two parts changes the meaning completely and no longer refers to fake items. Step 5: Examine option D, "Counterfiet". Here the vowels i and e are reversed, which is a common exam trick but not the correct spelling. Step 6: Choose option A as it is the only form recognised as the correct spelling in standard English. Verification / Alternative check: Think of common phrases like "counterfeit currency", "counterfeit note", or "counterfeit goods" as they appear in newspapers and legal reports. In all of these contexts, the spelling is "counterfeit". Quick mental reference to any bank warning poster or article about fake money also confirms this spelling. None of the other variants appear in reliable texts. This cross checking confirms that option A is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B is wrong because "feet" refers to body parts and has no connection to the meaning of fake or forged items. Option C is wrong because splitting the word into "counter feet" destroys the original meaning and does not represent any recognised English term in this context. Option D is wrong because "counterfiet" switches the positions of i and e, a typical trap in spelling questions. Common Pitfalls: Many learners rely on approximate sound and guess the spelling based on how a word is pronounced, especially with tricky ei and ie combinations. Exam setters exploit this by swapping vowels or adding unnecessary spaces. To avoid such mistakes, build the habit of noticing spellings when you read and of writing down new words correctly several times. Focus especially on high frequency test words like "counterfeit", "occasion", "accommodation", and similar items that often appear in competitive exams. Final Answer: Counterfeit

Question 13

In the following sentence, one part may contain a grammatical error. Identify the part with the error in the indirect question structure in "When the stranger saw me, he seemed to recognise me and asked me what was my name."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This error spotting question focuses on the correct structure of an indirect question in English. The sentence is "When the stranger saw me, he seemed to recognise me and asked me what was my name." Spoken English often contains such structures, but formal written English follows a specific word order. Your task is to identify which part of the sentence contains the error by understanding how indirect questions differ from direct questions. Given Data / Assumptions: Full sentence divided into parts: Part A: "When the stranger saw me," Part B: "he seemed to recognise me" Part C: "and asked me what was my name." Part D: "No error" You must find the part that breaks the rules for reporting a question. The original direct question would have been "What is your name?" spoken by the stranger. Concept / Approach: In direct questions, we use question word order with the auxiliary before the subject, for example "What is your name?" In indirect questions introduced by verbs like "ask" followed by an object, English normally uses statement word order: "He asked me what my name was." The question word "what" introduces the clause, but the verb comes after the subject. Therefore, any indirect question that keeps the direct inversion, such as "what was my name", is grammatically incorrect in formal English and will be treated as an error in competitive exams. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine Part A, "When the stranger saw me,". This is a correct time clause with no error. Step 2: Examine Part B, "he seemed to recognise me". This part also follows correct structure and tense, showing perception and impression. Step 3: Examine Part C, "and asked me what was my name." Here we see the indirect question structure, which should be "what my name was" instead of "what was my name". The verb and subject are in the wrong order for reported speech. Step 4: Confirm that Part D "No error" is not applicable, because we have clearly found a mistake in Part C. Step 5: Mark Part C as the segment containing the grammatical error. Verification / Alternative check: Rewrite the sentence in correct form: "When the stranger saw me, he seemed to recognise me and asked me what my name was." This version uses statement order in the indirect question and reads smoothly. Compare this to the incorrect version: "asked me what was my name." If you remove the introductory phrase and read only the clause, "what was my name" sounds like a direct question, not a subordinate clause. In reported speech after verbs like "ask", we always use "what my name was", "where he was going", and so on, which confirms that Part C contains the error. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part A is correct because "When the stranger saw me" is a proper time clause with past simple tense and correct word order. Part B is correct because "he seemed to recognise me" uses the verb "seemed" with an infinitive phrase, which is standard English. Part D is wrong as an answer choice because there is in fact an error, making "No error" invalid for this question. Common Pitfalls: Many learners do not notice the difference between direct and indirect questions and carry over spoken patterns incorrectly into writing. A common mistake is to keep auxiliary before subject in reported clauses, as in "He asked me where was I going", instead of "where I was going". To avoid such errors, remember the rule: in indirect questions, after words like what, where, when, how, who, we use the normal subject verb order of statements, not question order. Regular practice with error spotting items will help make this pattern automatic. Final Answer: Part C

Question 14

In the following sentence, one part may contain a grammatical error. Identify the part with an error, if any, in "My lawn which is overgrown needs weeding."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This error spotting question presents a sentence divided into three parts plus a "No error" option. The sentence is "My lawn which is overgrown needs weeding." You must decide whether any portion of this sentence violates standard grammar or whether it is entirely correct. Such questions check your familiarity with relative clauses, subject verb agreement, and basic sentence structure. Given Data / Assumptions: Full sentence parts: Part A: "My lawn" Part B: "which is overgrown" Part C: "needs weeding" Part D: "No error" We assume formal standard English. The phrase "which is overgrown" functions as a relative clause giving more information about the lawn. We must check agreement and overall sentence completeness. Concept / Approach: The sentence describes the speaker's lawn, adds a descriptive clause about it being overgrown, and then states that it needs weeding. A grammatically correct structure would be: subject ("My lawn"), relative clause ("which is overgrown"), and main verb phrase ("needs weeding"). The verb "needs" agrees with the singular noun "lawn", and the non finite "weeding" correctly expresses the required action. There is no tense error, no article issue, and no problem with the relative pronoun "which". Therefore there is no error in any part of the sentence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Check Part A, "My lawn". This is a clear singular noun phrase with possessive determiner "my". There is no grammatical problem. Step 2: Check Part B, "which is overgrown". This is a relative clause introduced by "which", referring back to "lawn". The verb "is" correctly matches the singular subject "lawn", and "overgrown" is a suitable adjective. Step 3: Check Part C, "needs weeding". The singular subject "lawn" requires "needs", not "need", so subject verb agreement is correct. The gerund "weeding" appropriately expresses the action required. Step 4: Combine all parts: "My lawn which is overgrown needs weeding." The sentence is complete, meaningful, and grammatically sound. Step 5: Conclude that no part contains an error, so the correct answer is the "No error" option. Verification / Alternative check: We can also rewrite the sentence slightly to check structure: "My lawn, which is overgrown, needs weeding." Adding commas around the relative clause makes it non restrictive but does not change grammar. Both versions are acceptable. Furthermore, if there were an error, it might relate to the choice of "which" versus "that", but in modern English both relative pronouns are acceptable here. None of the parts show issues with tense, agreement, or word form. This confirms that the sentence is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A is not the error because "My lawn" is a standard noun phrase. Option B is not the error because "which is overgrown" is a correctly formed relative clause giving extra information. Option C is not the error because "needs weeding" correctly expresses what should be done to the lawn. Therefore options A, B, and C are all grammatically sound, making "No error (Part D)" the correct choice. Common Pitfalls: Some students overthink relative clauses and suspect an error where none exists, for example by imagining that "which" must always be replaced by "that". Others may feel that a comma is missing and mark an error even though punctuation is not the focus in such grammar questions. In most exam patterns, absence of optional commas is not treated as a grammar error unless punctuation is explicitly tested. Always check for clear violations like wrong tense, wrong number agreement, or incorrect verb form before assuming an error in a well formed sentence. Final Answer: No error (Part D)

Question 15

In the following sentence, one part may contain a grammatical error. Identify the part with the error in tense consistency in "Every man in this world wishes to live long but nobody wanted to grow old."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This error spotting question highlights a common problem in English sentences: inconsistent use of tense within a general statement. The sentence "Every man in this world wishes to live long but nobody wanted to grow old" mixes present and past forms in a way that sounds unnatural. Your task is to identify which part contains the tense error and understand why it is incorrect in a general truth context. Given Data / Assumptions: Full sentence divided into parts: Part A: "Every man in this world" Part B: "wishes to live long" Part C: "but nobody wanted to grow old." Part D: "No error" The structure presents a general statement about human nature, not a specific event in the past. General truths are usually expressed in present tense in standard English. Concept / Approach: When we describe universal truths or general human tendencies, we normally use present simple tense. The first part "Every man in this world wishes to live long" is correctly in present simple. However, the second part "but nobody wanted to grow old" suddenly shifts to past simple, which suggests a completed past situation. This tense shift is unnecessary and ungrammatical in a sentence that aims to state a permanent truth about human desire. The verb in the second clause should also be in present simple: "wants to grow old" or "wants to grow old" preceded by "but nobody" for consistency. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Analyse Part A: "Every man in this world". This introduces a general subject, meaning all humans. Step 2: Analyse Part B: "wishes to live long". The verb "wishes" is in present simple, correctly expressing a universal desire. Step 3: Analyse Part C: "but nobody wanted to grow old." Here the verb "wanted" is in past simple, which does not match the general present tone of the earlier part. Step 4: To maintain consistency, Part C should read "but nobody wants to grow old", keeping the present simple. Step 5: Parts A and B are fine, and the problem lies in Part C, where the tense is incorrectly shifted. Verification / Alternative check: Rewrite the sentence correctly: "Every man in this world wishes to live long but nobody wants to grow old." This version uses present simple throughout, capturing both universal desire and universal dislike. It sounds natural and is the form you would see in textbooks and essays. If the sentence were truly about a particular past group of men, we might say "Every man in that group wished to live long but nobody wanted to grow old." However, the phrase "in this world" clearly points to a general truth, confirming that the mixed tense in the original is wrong. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Part A is correct because "Every man in this world" is a proper subject phrase introducing a universal statement. Part B is correct because "wishes to live long" uses present simple, matching the idea of general human desire. Part D, "No error", is wrong as an answer choice because there is an identifiable tense error in Part C. Common Pitfalls: Many learners overlook tense consistency and focus only on individual phrases. Some may even think that using past tense "wanted" adds variety, without realising that it breaks the logic of a general statement. In error spotting questions, always check that the tenses used in different clauses fit the overall time frame and meaning. General truths, habitual actions, and permanent facts usually remain in present simple unless the context clearly demands a different tense. Final Answer: Part C

Question 16

In the following English grammar question, you must choose the most appropriate phrasal verb to complete the sentence meaningfully: One should always set _____ some money aside for emergencies and unexpected expenses.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of common English phrasal verbs, specifically those that collocate with the verb "set" to express the idea of reserving or keeping something for a future purpose. In everyday financial planning and spoken English, we often talk about keeping a small amount of money ready for emergencies or unexpected expenses. Choosing the right phrasal verb here shows that you understand both the literal meaning and the idiomatic usage of the phrase in a natural sentence. Given Data / Assumptions: - The sentence is: One should always set _____ some money for emergency.- The missing word must combine with "set" to form a correct phrasal verb.- The intended meaning is to reserve or keep money in readiness for emergencies.- The options are: aside, on, by, out. Concept / Approach: In English, many verbs form phrasal verbs when combined with prepositions or adverbs such as "up", "out", "aside", and "by". The phrasal verb "set aside" means to reserve or keep something, usually money, time, or resources, for a specific purpose in the future. The other combinations like "set on", "set by", and "set out" have different meanings which do not fit the context of keeping money for emergencies. To answer correctly, you must match the context (saving money) with the phrasal verb whose meaning is "to reserve". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and identify the context: saving or reserving money for emergencies.Step 2: Recall the meanings of possible phrasal verbs formed with "set".Step 3: "Set aside" means to keep or reserve something, especially money or time.Step 4: "Set on" usually means to attack or strongly encourage action, which does not fit the idea of saving money.Step 5: "Set by" is rarely used in modern English in this sense and is not the natural collocation here.Step 6: "Set out" means to start a journey or to begin a task, which again does not relate to reserving money.Step 7: Therefore, the only phrasal verb that correctly conveys the meaning is "set aside". Verification / Alternative check: As a quick check, you can mentally replace the blank with each option and read the full sentence aloud: "set aside some money", "set on some money", "set by some money", and "set out some money". Only "set aside some money" sounds natural and is commonly used by native speakers when they talk about saving funds for emergencies. This confirms that "aside" is the correct choice in both grammatical and idiomatic terms. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option "on": "Set on some money" is not an accepted phrasal verb for saving money and would confuse the meaning.Option "by": "Set by" is archaic or rare in this context and is not the standard expression in contemporary English.Option "out": "Set out some money" does not mean to reserve funds; it suggests placing something out physically or beginning something. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes choose a preposition just because it sounds familiar with other verbs, rather than recalling the specific phrasal verb that actually exists in English. Another common error is to think that any preposition can follow "set" and still be accepted, but phrasal verbs are fixed combinations. It is also easy to confuse "set aside" with "put aside", which has the same meaning; however, only "aside" works correctly with "set" in this context. Remember that financial vocabulary often relies on fixed phrases such as "save up", "put by", and "set aside". Final Answer: The correct phrasal verb is aside, so the completed sentence is: One should always set aside some money for emergencies and unexpected expenses.

Question 17

In this English preposition question, choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: The train is expected to arrive in a few minutes _____ platform six at the station.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your knowledge of correct prepositions used with the word "platform" in the context of train travel. Prepositions often cause confusion for learners of English because they are highly idiomatic and depend on fixed expressions rather than pure logic. In railway announcements and written notices, there are standard collocations that you should recognize in order to sound natural and accurate in English. Given Data / Assumptions: - The sentence describes the expected arrival of a train.- The blank comes immediately before the phrase "platform six".- The options provided are: in, above, near, on.- The meaning should be that the train will arrive at or along platform six where passengers wait. Concept / Approach: Prepositions such as "in", "on", and "at" are often used in standard expressions with public transport locations, but the natural collocation varies. When we refer to the specific platform where a train will stop, English commonly uses "on" or sometimes "at". Expressions like "on platform six" or "at platform six" are accepted, but here only "on" is among the options. The other prepositions either describe a different physical relation or do not form a natural collocation with platform in this context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the sentence and identify its context: a train arriving at a railway platform.Step 2: Recall common railway announcements, such as "The train is standing on platform three" or "The train for Delhi will depart from platform one".Step 3: Check each option in the sentence: "arrive in platform six", "arrive above platform six", "arrive near platform six", "arrive on platform six".Step 4: "Arrive in platform six" suggests being inside something, which is not appropriate for a platform.Step 5: "Arrive above platform six" implies a position over the platform, which does not match train movement along tracks.Step 6: "Arrive near platform six" suggests proximity but not the exact stopping point of the train.Step 7: "Arrive on platform six" correctly conveys that the train will come to and stand along that platform. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify your choice by recalling authentic language from railway signs and announcements. Many announcements say: "The train now standing on platform number one is the express to..." or "The train arriving on platform four is the passenger train...". This real-world usage confirms that "on platform six" is the natural and idiomatic prepositional phrase for this context. No other provided option matches this standard pattern. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option "in": Usually used for enclosed spaces like "in the station", "in the train", not for specific platforms.Option "above": Refers to a vertical position and would suggest something floating or located higher than the platform, which is not intended.Option "near": Indicates closeness but does not express that the train uses that platform as its stopping place. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes overuse "in" because it is common in many expressions like "in the classroom" or "in the city". Others may think "at" is always correct for locations, but exam questions restrict options carefully so you must choose from what is given. It is important to memorize typical collocations in transport contexts: "on platform six", "on the bus", "on the train", but "at the station" and "in the carriage". Recognizing these patterns will help you answer similar questions quickly and accurately. Final Answer: The correct preposition is on, so the proper sentence is: The train is expected to arrive in a few minutes on platform six.

Question 18

In this English grammar question about quantifiers, choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: I have not had _____ opportunity to study during the day recently.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines your understanding of quantifiers such as "much" and "many" and how they are used with different types of nouns. It appears in the context of a sentence about having the chance, or opportunity, to study during the day. Knowing whether to use "much", "many", "very", or "more" depends on grammar rules as well as natural usage patterns in English. The problem also checks whether you can recognize that "opportunity" here is treated as an uncountable concept in the sentence structure provided. Given Data / Assumptions: - The sentence is: I have not had _____ opportunity to study during the day.- The options are: very, many, much, more.- The speaker is describing a lack of chance or possibility for study.- The noun "opportunity" is used in the singular form in this sentence. Concept / Approach: Quantifiers "much" and "many" are used to talk about quantity, but they combine with different kinds of nouns. "Many" is used with plural countable nouns like "many books", "many chances", while "much" is used with uncountable nouns like "much time", "much money". In this sentence, "opportunity" is treated as a sort of abstract, uncountable concept, similar to "time" or "scope", so the natural phrase is "much opportunity". The word "very" usually functions as an adverb modifying adjectives or adverbs, and "more" is a comparative form that compares two amounts or situations. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the noun following the blank: "opportunity".Step 2: Notice it is singular in this sentence and expresses an abstract idea of scope or chance to do something.Step 3: Recall that "many" requires a plural noun, for example "many opportunities".Step 4: Recognize that "very" alone cannot fit before a noun; it usually appears as "very good", "very fast", not "very opportunity".Step 5: Understand that "more" is used when there is a clear comparison with some previous amount, which is not explicitly given here.Step 6: Conclude that "much" is the correct quantifier to use with a singular, abstract concept like "opportunity" in this structure. Verification / Alternative check: You can check your choice by imagining slightly different versions of the sentence: "I have not had much opportunity to travel", "She does not have much time", "We do not get much support". All of these are standard and natural phrases in English. In contrast, "I have not had many opportunity" sounds incorrect because "many" expects a plural form. Only by changing the noun to "opportunities" could "many" be considered, but that would change the original sentence structure. Therefore "much opportunity" is the only correct choice here. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option "very": Used mainly before adjectives or adverbs, for example "very tired" or "very quickly", not directly before a noun like "opportunity".Option "many": Requires a plural countable noun, such as "many opportunities", and is not correct with the singular form used here.Option "more": Implies comparison with another amount of opportunity, which has not been mentioned or implied in the sentence. Common Pitfalls: Students often confuse "much" and "many" because both express large quantity. A frequent mistake is to use "many" with singular nouns or to avoid "much" in positive sentences where it might sound formal. In exam contexts, however, precise grammar matters more than informality. Another pitfall is ignoring the structure of the sentence and focusing only on meaning; remember that grammar rules about countable and uncountable nouns control which quantifier fits. Always check the form of the noun (singular, plural, abstract, or concrete) before selecting "much" or "many". Final Answer: The correct quantifier is much, so the sentence should read: I have not had much opportunity to study during the day.

Question 19

In English idioms, the phrase "cheek by jowl" is used to describe people, buildings, or things that are positioned how in relation to each other?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of English idiomatic expressions, specifically the phrase "cheek by jowl". Idioms are fixed expressions whose meanings cannot always be guessed directly from the individual words. Understanding idioms is important for reading comprehension, listening, and natural communication. Here, you must identify what spatial or relational idea is conveyed when two people or things are described as being "cheek by jowl". Given Data / Assumptions: - The idiom under test is "cheek by jowl".- The options describe different kinds of relationships or positions: being close together, arguing, teasing, or avoiding.- The phrase is often used about people, buildings, or objects in crowded conditions.- You must select the option that best captures the established meaning of the idiom. Concept / Approach: The idiom "cheek by jowl" originates from the image of two cheeks being pressed closely side by side. Historically, "jowl" refers to the jaw or cheek area. By extension, the expression describes entities that are packed closely together, often in cramped or crowded surroundings. The idiom does not carry an automatic meaning of arguing, teasing, or avoiding; it is primarily about physical or metaphorical closeness. Therefore, the correct paraphrase focuses on very close proximity. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall what "cheek" and "jowl" refer to in everyday language: parts of the face that can be side by side.Step 2: Understand the mental picture created by "cheek by jowl" as two faces pressed very closely together.Step 3: Consider typical sentences such as "The shops stood cheek by jowl in the busy market street" or "People were living cheek by jowl in the slums".Step 4: From such examples, recognize that the idiom refers to things or people being crowded or very close together.Step 5: Compare this idea with each option, checking which one focuses on closeness rather than conflict or avoidance.Step 6: Conclude that "Very close together" is the accurate explanation of the idiom. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can consult general usage: writers often say that houses, shops, or stalls in old cities stand "cheek by jowl", suggesting narrow streets where buildings nearly touch each other. The idiom is also used metaphorically, for example, "different cultures live cheek by jowl in this neighborhood", meaning they live side by side in close proximity. None of these examples suggest arguing or teasing; instead, they emphasise nearness. This confirms that the correct interpretation is physical or figurative closeness. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option "Arguing": This relates to conflict in communication and has nothing to do with the spatial image in the idiom.Option "Teasing one another": Teasing is playful or irritating behaviour, but the idiom does not imply any emotional interaction, only closeness.Option "Avoiding one another": This is the opposite of closeness; avoiding would mean keeping distance, which contradicts the core idea of the idiom. Common Pitfalls: Some learners try to interpret idioms literally and imagine people touching cheeks, which may mislead them into thinking the idiom is about affection or teasing. Others guess that unfamiliar idioms have negative meanings such as conflict or avoidance. The key is to remember that idioms must be learned as fixed units with established meanings. For "cheek by jowl", always associate it with the concept of things being packed or located very close together, often in crowded or slightly uncomfortable conditions. Final Answer: The idiom "cheek by jowl" means very close together, referring to people or things that are situated side by side in close proximity.

Question 20

In this idiom question, choose the option that best explains the meaning of the English expression "beyond the pale" as it is used in formal and everyday language.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The expression "beyond the pale" is a well known English idiom often found in newspapers, essays, and formal speeches. This question asks you to identify the meaning of the idiom from a set of possible explanations. Understanding idioms like this is essential for interpreting criticism, moral judgments, and nuanced opinions in advanced English texts, especially in competitive exams and editorial reading. Given Data / Assumptions: - The idiom under consideration is "beyond the pale".- The options describe different negative ideas, including being unacceptable, irredeemable, merely rhetorical, or distasteful.- The idiom is usually used when commenting on behaviour, actions, or suggestions.- You must choose the option that reflects the established meaning in standard English. Concept / Approach: Historically, "pale" referred to a boundary or fenced area. To go "beyond the pale" meant to go outside the area that was considered safe, lawful, or civilised. In modern usage, the expression has shifted from this literal meaning to a figurative one: it refers to behaviour or ideas that are so extreme, offensive, or improper that they are outside the limits of what society accepts as reasonable. Therefore, the idiom carries a strong sense of disapproval and moral judgment. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall what situations typically attract the phrase "beyond the pale": cruel punishment, corrupt practices, or shocking remarks.Step 2: Note that in these contexts the speaker is saying that something has crossed a line of decency or acceptability.Step 3: Examine option "Unreasonable or unacceptable": it directly captures the sense of crossing acceptable limits.Step 4: Check option "Beyond redemption": this suggests that something can never be forgiven or improved, which is stronger and more specific than the usual idiomatic meaning.Step 5: Consider option "Full of rhetoric": this relates to language style and has nothing to do with moral or social limits.Step 6: Look at option "Distasteful": it suggests something unpleasant but does not fully express the idea of crossing a clear boundary of acceptability.Step 7: Conclude that "Unreasonable or unacceptable" is the best paraphrase for the idiom. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by inserting the idiom into example sentences: "His comments about the victims were beyond the pale", "Such corruption is beyond the pale for a public official". In both examples, the speaker is not simply saying that the behaviour is distasteful; they are saying it is completely unacceptable according to normal social standards. This matches the idea of being unreasonable or unacceptable, not merely unpleasant or verbose. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option "Beyond redemption": Implies that something or someone can never be saved or improved, which is stronger and narrower than the idiom usually suggests.Option "Full of rhetoric": Refers to language that is flowery or persuasive, and is unrelated to moral or social limits.Option "Distasteful": Indicates that something is unpleasant but does not necessarily mean it has crossed a serious boundary of acceptable behaviour. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse "beyond the pale" with other idioms that involve finality or hopelessness, such as "beyond repair" or "beyond redemption". Another common mistake is to treat it as a mild criticism meaning simply "not nice". In competitive exams, however, the idiom carries a strong sense of disapproval. Always associate "beyond the pale" with conduct that has gone too far and is judged to be unacceptable by normal standards of society or professional ethics. Final Answer: The idiom "beyond the pale" means unreasonable or unacceptable, describing behaviour or ideas that go outside the limits of what is considered proper or decent.

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