Question 1

Read the passage about our obsession with health and answer the question: What does the passage suggest about the real nature of health?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This comprehension question asks you to interpret the main idea the author conveys about the purpose of health. The passage criticises how modern society treats health as a final goal instead of understanding its deeper function in human life. You must decide which option best captures this viewpoint. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage says that in the world today we make health an end in itself. It explains that we have forgotten the true meaning of health. The writer states that health really means enabling a person to do his work and do it well. The question is: "The passage suggests that" followed by four options. Concept / Approach: When a passage says "we make health an end in itself" but "we have forgotten that health really means to enable a person to do his work," the author is clearly saying that health is a tool or means to achieve productive work, not the final goal. Therefore, the correct interpretation is that health is only a means to an end. The end is useful work and a meaningful life, while health is the condition that makes this possible. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the key sentence that defines health: "health really means to enable a person to do his work and do it well." Step 2: Understand that this means health has a function beyond itself: it serves as support for work. Step 3: Recognise that when health serves some other goal, it is a means, not the final end. Step 4: Compare this understanding with the options and see that "health is only a means to an end" directly reflects the author's claim. Step 5: Choose that option as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: The passage explicitly criticises the idea of health as an end in itself, so option "health is an end in itself" cannot be right. It also does not focus on whether health is a blessing, nor does it simply instruct people not to talk about health. Its main message is about purpose: health should be used, not worshipped. This confirms that the interpretation of health as a means to an end is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: health is an end in itself: The author states that this view is wrong and is precisely what modern people mistakenly believe. health is a blessing: Although health can be considered a blessing, the passage does not discuss it in religious or emotional terms; it focuses on function. we should not talk about health: The writer says a healthy man should not waste time talking about health, but this is a consequence of the main idea, not the central suggestion about what health is. Common Pitfalls: Many students look for sentences that match the exact wording of options instead of extracting the deeper implication. Others choose emotionally appealing statements like "health is a blessing," forgetting that the passage is analytical, not sentimental. Always ask yourself what the author is trying to correct or emphasise, and then choose the option that reflects that core message. Final Answer: The passage suggests that health is only a means to an end, namely to enable a person to work and perform effectively.

Question 2

Read the passage about health consciousness and answer the question: According to the passage, talking about health all the time makes people do what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This comprehension question focuses on the effect of constant discussion about health, as described by the author. The passage criticises the modern obsession with health news, columns, and programmes and claims that this obsession has a particular psychological impact on people. You must choose the frequency that best reflects what the passage says. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage notes our "great concern with health," shown by medical columns, articles, television programmes, and books. It then says, "We talk about health all the time." It continues, "Yet for the most part the only result is more people with imaginary illness." The question asks: "Talking about health all the time makes people" followed by options describing how often they suffer from imaginary illness. Concept / Approach: The key phrase is "for the most part the only result is more people with imaginary illness." "For the most part" means generally or often. The passage does not say that all people or always, but it does indicate a frequent result. Therefore, the best match for this idea among the options is "often suffer from imaginary illness," because that reflects a common, not absolute, outcome. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the sentence that explains the result of constant health talk. Step 2: Interpret "for the most part" as "usually" or "in many cases." Step 3: Interpret "more people with imaginary illness" as an increase in the number of people who think they are ill without real disease. Step 4: Combine these ideas to see that the author is saying that frequent talk about health leads many people, quite often, into imaginary illness. Step 5: Select "often suffer from imaginary illness" as the answer that best expresses this frequency. Verification / Alternative check: Check the extremes. "Always suffer" is too strong and would require expressions like "always" or "every time" in the passage, which are not present. "Rarely suffer" is the opposite of what "more people" suggests. "Sometimes suffer" is weaker than "for the most part" and does not convey the strong criticism the author makes. This analysis confirms that "often suffer" is the closest to the author's meaning. Why Other Options Are Wrong: always suffer from imaginary illness: Implies every person or every case, which is not stated; the passage speaks of "more people," not all people. sometimes suffer from imaginary illness: Understates the frequency, while "for the most part" shows that imaginary illness is a common result. rarely suffer from imaginary illness: Completely contradicts the passage, which highlights an increase in such cases. Common Pitfalls: Students often misread qualifiers such as "most," "many," and "some." These words are crucial for understanding frequency and degree. Another pitfall is assuming that the passage adopts a neutral or mild tone when it is actually strongly critical. Paying attention to phrases like "for the most part" and "the only result" helps you choose the best frequency related option. Final Answer: According to the passage, talking about health all the time makes people often suffer from imaginary illness.

Question 3

Read the passage about health and work and answer the question: According to the passage, what does it tell us about a healthy man and his behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This comprehension question asks you to identify the main focus of the passage with regard to individual behaviour. The author uses the example of a healthy man to highlight how health should be used rather than constantly discussed. You must pick the option that sums up what the passage tells us in this respect. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage criticises modern obsession with health articles, programmes, and books. It says that health should enable a person to work and work well. It clearly states that "A healthy man should not be wasting time talking about health; he should be using health for work." The question asks: "The passage tells us" and lists four possibilities. Concept / Approach: The core message about the individual is simple: if you are healthy, you should not keep discussing health all the time. Instead, you should put your health to practical use by working. Therefore, the passage is giving guidance on what a healthy person should do and should not do. It does not talk about technical details of medicine manufacturing, television content planning, or techniques for imagining illness. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify lines that directly mention "A healthy man." Step 2: Note that the passage says he should not waste time talking about health. Step 3: Also note that it says he should use his good health to perform work. Step 4: Recognise that this is advice about both what he should avoid and what he should do. Step 5: Match this insight with the option "what a healthy man should or should not do." Verification / Alternative check: Review the other options. The passage does not discuss processes of medicine manufacturing, nor does it offer guidelines on television programme topics, except indirectly by criticising too much health content. It certainly does not offer suggestions on "how best to imagine illness." Only one option directly mentions a healthy man and his behaviour, which is precisely what the text addresses in the concluding sentence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: how medicine should be manufactured: The passage does not discuss production methods or pharmaceutical technology at all. what television programmes should be about: The author mentions the popularity of health programmes but does not propose specific themes for television content. how best to imagine illness: The tone of the passage condemns imaginary illness, so it would not advise people on how to imagine illness better. Common Pitfalls: Examinees may be distracted by specific words that appear in the passage, such as "television programmes" or "books on medicine," and then choose an option that contains similar words even though it distorts the author's main point. Always focus on the big idea being expressed. Here, the emphasis is clearly on the proper use of health by a healthy individual. Final Answer: The passage tells us what a healthy man should or should not do with regard to his health and work.

Question 4

Read the passage about health and work and answer the question: According to the passage, what should a healthy man be chiefly concerned with?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This comprehension question asks you to identify the proper focus of a healthy man according to the author. The passage criticises people who concentrate on health talk instead of using their health for productive activity. You must choose the option that best reflects what a healthy person should do with his good health. Given Data / Assumptions: The passage says that health really means to enable a person to do his work and do it well. It explicitly states that "A healthy man should not be wasting time talking about health." It adds that he "should be using health for work." The question asks: "A healthy man should be concerned with" followed by four possible concerns. Concept / Approach: The central idea is that health is a tool to achieve effective work. Therefore, the healthy person should focus on the work that his good health allows him to do, rather than endlessly thinking or talking about health itself. The correct option should therefore mention his work as the main focus, with a clear link to the enabling role of health. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the statement about how a healthy man should use his condition: "he should be using health for work." Step 2: Interpret this as meaning that work is the main concern, while health is a supporting factor. Step 3: Look for an option that emphasises work enabled by health, not health as the main subject. Step 4: Option A states "his work which good health makes possible," exactly capturing this relationship. Step 5: Choose option A as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Examine option C: "his health which makes work possible." Although it recognises that health enables work, it still places health at the centre of concern, while the passage argues that work should be the main concern. Option B, "looking after his health," clearly contradicts the warning against wasting time talking about health. Option D directly opposes the author's advice. These comparisons confirm that option A aligns best with the passage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: looking after his health: While basic self care is important in real life, the passage criticises excessive focus on health and does not recommend it as the primary concern. his health which makes work possible: This option subtly shifts the focus back to health itself, whereas the author wants work to be central and health to be a supporting condition. talking about health: The passage explicitly says that a healthy man should not waste time talking about health. Common Pitfalls: A typical mistake is to reason from everyday common sense instead of strictly following the passage. Many test takers think "of course a healthy man should be concerned with his health," and therefore choose that option. However, comprehension questions reward close reading of the author's attitude, not general truth. Carefully distinguishing between health as a tool and work as the true aim is crucial here. Final Answer: According to the passage, a healthy man should be concerned with his work which good health makes possible.

Question 5

In the following vocabulary question, choose the word that best expresses the meaning of the given word PALLID as it is used to describe appearance.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This vocabulary question asks for a synonym of the word "pallid." In exam English, "pallid" is commonly used to describe the colour or appearance of a person's face, or sometimes the dullness of a scene, and you must select the option that best matches this core meaning. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: PALLID. Options: FRIENDLY, PALE, WORTHLESS, COMFORTING. The common context for "pallid" is physical appearance, especially an unhealthy lack of colour in the face. Concept / Approach: "Pallid" means very pale, lacking healthy colour, or sometimes weak and dull in appearance or style. When used for a face, it suggests illness, tiredness, or shock. Therefore, the closest single word synonym among the options is "pale." The other options either describe emotional qualities or value judgements rather than physical appearance. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the dictionary meaning of "pallid": lacking colour, pale, especially in a way that suggests poor health. Step 2: Examine each option and see which one describes lack of colour. Step 3: Note that "PALE" directly refers to light or whitish colour, especially of the skin. Step 4: Recognise that "FRIENDLY," "WORTHLESS," and "COMFORTING" do not relate to colour at all. Step 5: Select "PALE" as the synonym that best matches the meaning of "pallid." Verification / Alternative check: Think of typical sentences such as "Her face looked pallid after the long illness" or "The pallid moonlight barely lit the road." In both cases, replacing "pallid" with "pale" preserves the meaning: "Her face looked pale" and "the pale moonlight." The other options cannot be substituted without changing the sense completely. This confirms that "PALE" is the correct synonym. Why Other Options Are Wrong: FRIENDLY: Describes a person's nature or behaviour, not the colour of the face or physical appearance. WORTHLESS: Refers to something that has no value or importance; it does not express pallor or lack of colour. COMFORTING: Means giving comfort or reassurance, again unrelated to the visual idea of paleness. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse "pallid" with "placid" or other similar sounding words. "Placid" means calm and peaceful, whereas "pallid" is about appearance, especially a sickly paleness. Remember to associate "pallid" with "pale" by the shared "pal" sound, which can serve as a helpful memory trick in exams. Final Answer: The word that best expresses the meaning of PALLID is PALE.

Question 6

In the following vocabulary question, choose the word which is opposite in meaning to the given word INTANGIBLE, especially in the sense of being not touchable or not physically real.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of antonyms, focusing on the word "intangible." In many contexts, "intangible" refers to things that cannot be touched or physically measured, such as feelings, ideas, or rights. You must select the option that directly contrasts with that meaning. Given Data / Assumptions: Target word: INTANGIBLE. Options: ETHEREAL, CONCRETE, INSUBSTANTIAL, ABSTRACT. The main idea of "intangible" is that something is not material or touchable. Concept / Approach: "Intangible" signals lack of physical presence: you cannot touch or see it in a solid form. The opposite idea would be something that is solid, real, and touchable in the physical world. The word "concrete" in this list captures that sense, because it is used to describe things that are definite, physical, or real, in contrast to the abstract or intangible. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that "intangible" means not touchable, non material, or not able to be physically grasped. Step 2: Check each option for a meaning that strongly contrasts with this idea. Step 3: "CONCRETE" is often defined as real, solid, and existing in a physical form; it is used as the opposite of "abstract." Step 4: Notice that "ETHEREAL," "INSUBSTANTIAL," and "ABSTRACT" are all close to or even similar to "intangible" rather than opposite to it. Step 5: Choose "CONCRETE" as the correct antonym. Verification / Alternative check: You can pair the words in typical phrases: "intangible assets" such as goodwill or brand value do not exist physically, while "concrete assets" like buildings and machines are physically present. The other options are used to describe things that are delicate, not solid, or theoretical, which all align more with "intangible" rather than oppose it. This confirms that "CONCRETE" is the right choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: ETHEREAL: Means light, airy, or heavenly, often suggesting something not solid and thus closer to "intangible." INSUBSTANTIAL: Means lacking substance or strength, again supporting the idea of something not solid or tangible. ABSTRACT: Refers to ideas or concepts that are not concrete or physical, closely associated with intangibility. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to pick a word that simply "sounds" opposite without analysing its definition. Another mistake is to confuse "intangible" with "inexperienced" or "incomplete," which have different antonyms. When dealing with words about physical presence, always ask whether the opposite should be more physical and solid, which leads you straight to "concrete" here. Final Answer: The word that is opposite in meaning to INTANGIBLE is CONCRETE.

Question 7

In the following spelling question, four variants of the same word are given. Choose the correctly spelt word that refers to something relating to the Pope or high church authority.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This spelling question presents four similar looking words, only one of which is correctly spelt. The intended word is a formal adjective used in religious and historical contexts to describe things related to the Pope or other high ranking church officials. You must identify the standard spelling used in dictionaries and formal writing. Given Data / Assumptions: The intended word is pronounced approximately "pon tih fi cal." Only one option follows the accepted spelling pattern. The correct form is used in phrases like "pontifical robes" or "pontifical authority." Concept / Approach: The correct spelling is "Pontifical." The key features are: "Ponti" at the beginning, indicating connection to "pontiff," "fical" at the end, forming the adjective suffix "-ical." The distractors change either the number of letters f, the vowels, or the final consonant, making them incorrect. Spelling questions like this test whether you can visually recognise the familiar dictionary form among close lookalikes. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the base noun is "pontiff" and the related adjective is "pontifical." Step 2: Scan each option to see which one matches the expected pattern "Pontifical." Step 3: Notice that option A exactly matches the standard spelling. Step 4: Observe that the other options insert extra letters or change vowels and consonants, making them non standard. Step 5: Select option A as the correctly spelt word. Verification / Alternative check: Think of typical usage: "The ceremony was conducted in full pontifical splendor." If you replaced "pontifical" with any of the altered spellings, they would look wrong in a serious text. The dictionary form always has a single f in this adjective and ends with "ical," not "ecal" or "icol." This confirms that "Pontifical" is the correct spelling. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Pontiffical: Doubles the f in the middle, but the accepted adjective form drops the extra f and is spelt "pontifical." Pontifecal: Uses "eca" instead of "ica," which breaks the usual "-ical" adjective ending. Pontificol: Replaces the final "a" with "o," creating a non standard and unrecognised variant. Common Pitfalls: Learners often assume that because the noun "pontiff" has two f letters, the adjective must also keep both. In fact, English derivatives sometimes simplify consonant clusters when adding suffixes. Developing an eye for common adjective endings like "-ical," "-ous," and "-able" can make spelling questions easier and help you quickly eliminate impossible combinations. Final Answer: The correctly spelt word is Pontifical.

Question 8

In the following error spotting question, one part of the sentence may contain a grammatical error. Identify the part that is incorrect or choose "No Error": "I always enjoy / to read / books / No Error."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This error spotting question checks your knowledge of verb patterns after the verb "enjoy." Some English verbs are followed by a gerund, while others can take an infinitive. You must decide whether the phrase "enjoy to read" is acceptable or if a different form is needed to make the sentence grammatically correct. Given Data / Assumptions: Full sentence: "I always enjoy (A) / to read (B) / books (C) / No Error (D)." Part A: "I always enjoy" Part B: "to read" Part C: "books" We assume the intended meaning is that the speaker likes reading books. Concept / Approach: In English, "enjoy" is one of the verbs that is followed by a gerund (verb plus ing), not an infinitive. The correct structure is "enjoy reading," "enjoy playing," "enjoy watching," and so on. Therefore, the phrase "enjoy to read" is incorrect. The error lies in part B, which should be "reading" instead of "to read." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the verb "enjoy" and recall the usual pattern after it. Step 2: Recognise that "enjoy" is followed by a gerund, not an infinitive. Step 3: Identify that "to read" in part B is an infinitive, which is incorrect here. Step 4: Replace "to read" with "reading" to form "I always enjoy reading books." Step 5: Check parts A and C and see that they contain no errors; the only error is in part B. Verification / Alternative check: Consider other examples: "I enjoy swimming," "They enjoy listening to music," and "She enjoys cooking." None of these can be correctly changed to "enjoy to swim," "enjoy to listen," or "enjoy to cook." This pattern confirms that "enjoy reading" is the only correct form and "enjoy to read" is a mistake. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A: "I always enjoy" is correct; "always" is a suitable adverb of frequency and the subject verb agreement is correct. C: "books" is a suitable object of the verb "reading" and contains no error. D (No Error): Cannot be selected because there is a clear verb pattern error in part B. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes think that "to" plus base verb is always safe after any main verb, which leads to incorrect combinations like "enjoy to read" or "avoid to go." It is important to memorise which verbs are followed by gerunds, which by infinitives, and which can take both with a change in meaning. "Enjoy" always takes a gerund, so remembering this can help you score quickly in error spotting items. Final Answer: The error is in part B; the correct sentence should read: I always enjoy reading books.

Question 9

In the following error spotting question, one part of the sentence may contain a grammatical error. Identify the incorrect part or choose "No Error": "Variety / is / spice of life / No Error."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your familiarity with a well known English proverb and your ability to recognise the correct use of articles. The sentence uses the proverb "Variety is the spice of life," but one part has been altered. You must identify which segment contains the error. Given Data / Assumptions: Full sentence: "Variety (A) / is (B) / spice of life (C) / No Error (D)." Part A: "Variety" Part B: "is" Part C: "spice of life" The intended proverb is "Variety is the spice of life." Concept / Approach: In English, when we talk about something in a proverbial or generic sense using a singular countable noun, we normally use the definite article "the." The established proverb is "Variety is the spice of life," meaning that changes and different experiences make life interesting. Therefore, the missing word "the" in front of "spice" is the error, which is located in part C. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the sentence is a proverb you may already know. Step 2: Recall the correct form: "Variety is the spice of life." Step 3: Compare the given sentence with the correct proverb and notice that "the" before "spice" is missing. Step 4: Identify that this missing article belongs to part C, which reads "spice of life." Step 5: Conclude that part C contains the error. Verification / Alternative check: If we insert "the," the sentence becomes "Variety is the spice of life," which is both idiomatic and grammatically correct. Parts A and B are already correct: "Variety" is a proper subject, and "is" is the correct singular verb. Only part C needs the article. This confirms that part C is the problematic segment. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A: "Variety" as a subject is correct and matches the known proverb. B: "is" correctly agrees with the singular subject "variety." D (No Error): Cannot be correct because we have clearly identified a missing article in part C. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes fail to recognise proverbs and focus only on general rules, missing small but important function words like articles. Another pitfall is to overthink and suspect parts that are already correct, such as "Variety" or "is." In proverb based questions, it is very helpful to recall the exact idiomatic form used in everyday English and see whether it matches the given sentence. Final Answer: The error is in part C; the sentence should read: Variety is the spice of life.

Question 10

In the following error spotting question, one part of the sentence may contain a grammatical error. Identify the incorrect part or choose "No Error": "Neither of the scout leaders know / how to trap wild animals / or how to prepare them for mounting…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of subject verb agreement in sentences that begin with "neither of" followed by a plural noun. Such structures are common in exams because they look plural but are treated as singular for verb agreement. You must identify which part of the sentence breaks this rule. Given Data / Assumptions: Full sentence: "Neither of the scout leaders know (A) / how to trap wild animals (B) / or how to prepare them for mounting (C) / No Error (D)." Part A: "Neither of the scout leaders know" Part B: "how to trap wild animals" Part C: "or how to prepare them for mounting" The phrase "Neither of" refers to not one and not the other, focusing on each leader individually. Concept / Approach: When "neither" is used with "of" and a plural noun phrase (such as "the scout leaders"), it is grammatically singular and must take a singular verb. The correct form is "Neither of the scout leaders knows," not "know." Therefore, the error lies in part A where the plural verb "know" has been used instead of the singular "knows." Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the main subject of the sentence: "Neither of the scout leaders." Step 2: Recall the rule that "neither" is singular and needs a singular verb. Step 3: Notice that the sentence uses the plural verb "know" after this singular subject. Step 4: Replace "know" with "knows" to correct the subject verb agreement. Step 5: Confirm that the rest of the sentence in parts B and C is grammatically fine. Verification / Alternative check: You can test this rule with similar sentences: "Neither of the students knows the answer" or "Neither of the cars runs well." In each case, a singular verb follows "neither of." Applying this pattern here gives "Neither of the scout leaders knows," confirming that the original verb "know" is incorrect for standard exam English. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B: "how to trap wild animals" is an infinitive phrase that correctly complements the verb and contains no error. C: "or how to prepare them for mounting" is parallel in structure to part B and is also correct. D (No Error): Cannot be correct because part A clearly violates the subject verb agreement rule for "neither of." Common Pitfalls: Many learners see the plural noun "leaders" and automatically choose a plural verb, forgetting the effect of "neither of." Others wrongly believe that modern speech allows plural agreement here, but competitive exams usually follow strict grammar rules and expect "neither of" and "either of" to take singular verbs. Paying attention to the real grammatical subject rather than the nearest noun prevents such errors. Final Answer: The error is in part A; the sentence should read: Neither of the scout leaders knows how to trap wild animals or how to prepare them for mounting.

Question 11

In the following sentence completion question, choose the most appropriate adverb to fill in the blank so that the sentence expresses difficulty in seeing: "We can __________ see anything in the dim light."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence completion question tests your ability to choose an adverb that conveys the correct degree of difficulty. The speaker is describing how hard it is to see in dim light, and you must choose a word that means "almost not at all," which fits both grammatically and logically in the sentence. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "We can __________ see anything in the dim light." The phrase "dim light" suggests poor visibility. The auxiliary "can" is followed by an adverb and then the base verb "see." The desired meaning is that seeing is very difficult, almost impossible. Concept / Approach: The word "scarcely" means "hardly" or "almost not." It is often used with "can" in sentences like "We can scarcely see" or "He could scarcely breathe." This perfectly matches the idea of struggling to see in dim light. The other adverbs "badly," "fairly," and "rather" express different degrees or types of quality and do not fit as naturally in this pattern. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand that the speaker wants to say that seeing is almost impossible in the dim light. Step 2: Recall common collocations like "can scarcely see," "can hardly hear," and "can barely move." Step 3: Recognise that "scarcely" captures the meaning "almost not at all." Step 4: Insert "scarcely" into the sentence: "We can scarcely see anything in the dim light." Step 5: Confirm that the sentence now sounds natural and expresses the intended difficulty. Verification / Alternative check: Test each other option: "We can badly see anything" is not idiomatic; usually we say "see badly," and even then it refers to poor eyesight rather than difficulty because of dim light. "We can fairly see anything" and "We can rather see anything" both sound unnatural and do not express the "almost not" meaning. Only "scarcely" works smoothly with "can" in this structure and accurately reflects the situation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: badly: This adverb usually goes after the main verb, as in "see badly," and it refers to poor quality, not to the idea of "almost not at all." fairly: Means "moderately" or "quite," which suggests a reasonable ability, the opposite of the intended difficulty. rather: Often means "quite" or "to some extent," again implying more ability than the context allows. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes ignore the subtle difference between "cannot" and "can scarcely." The latter is a softer way of saying almost the same thing and is frequently used in descriptive writing. Another common mistake is to choose an adverb based only on its familiarity, such as "rather" or "fairly," without testing the exact nuance it adds to the sentence. Always check whether the adverb matches the degree of difficulty or ease implied by the context. Final Answer: The correct word is scarcely, giving the sentence: We can scarcely see anything in the dim light.

Question 12

In the following sentence completion question, choose the most appropriate verb so that the sentence correctly compares India with other countries: "Few countries can __________ India in variety, colour and the richness of dance forms."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of word choice and collocation when comparing the quality or richness of something across countries. The sentence talks about India's variety, colour, and richness of dance forms, and you must pick the verb that correctly expresses the idea that very few countries can equal or match India in this respect. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "Few countries can __________ India in variety, colour and the richness of dance forms." The phrase "Few countries can" indicates that India is exceptional. We need a verb that means "equal or match in quality." The focus is on comparison of richness, not on performance itself. Concept / Approach: The verb "rival" means to be as good as or almost as good as someone or something else. It is commonly used in sentences like "No one can rival her in singing" or "Few cities can rival Delhi in history." This fits perfectly here. The verb "compare" is usually used in structures like "compare A with B" and does not follow the pattern "can compare India in." The other verbs "perform" and "prevail" do not have the meaning of "match in richness" that is required. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Interpret the sentence as saying that India is almost unmatched in dance variety. Step 2: Recall that "rival" means to equal in quality or excellence. Step 3: Insert "rival": "Few countries can rival India in variety, colour and the richness of dance forms." Step 4: Check that the preposition "in" correctly introduces the area of comparison, which it does. Step 5: Confirm that the sentence now sounds natural and logically expresses India's uniqueness. Verification / Alternative check: Try substituting the other options: "Few countries can compare India in variety" is incorrect; we would need "compare with India" and even then the meaning would not highlight equality. "Few countries can perform India" is meaningless. "Few countries can prevail India" does not work in English either. Only "rival" naturally takes a direct object and the preposition "in" to show the field of comparison. Why Other Options Are Wrong: compare: Requires a structure like "compare with" or "compare to," so "compare India in variety" is ungrammatical. perform: Refers to doing an action or presenting something, not to matching or equalling another country in richness. prevail: Means to win, be widespread, or be victorious, which does not convey the idea of matching India in artistic variety. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to pick "compare" because it seems related to comparison, without checking whether the grammar of the sentence allows it. Students may also overlook subtle collocations like "rival in" that are common in good written English. Learning common patterns such as "few cities can rival," "no one can rival," and "cannot rival in beauty" helps you answer such questions quickly and confidently. Final Answer: The correct verb is rival, giving the sentence: Few countries can rival India in variety, colour and the richness of dance forms.

Question 13

In the following sentence completion question, choose the most appropriate phrase so that the sentence correctly describes communication among many students: "The scheme allows students from different countries to communicate __________."

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sentence completion question tests your understanding of reflexive and reciprocal pronouns and the correct prepositional phrase used when many people are communicating among themselves. The sentence talks about students from different countries, so more than two people are involved. You must choose the phrase that best reflects this reciprocal communication. Given Data / Assumptions: Sentence: "The scheme allows students from different countries to communicate __________." The subject "students from different countries" is clearly plural and usually more than two. We expect a phrase that shows people communicating with each other. The options offer different pronoun and preposition combinations. Concept / Approach: For reciprocal actions involving more than two persons, English uses "one another" and "each other." "Communicate with one another" is a very common phrase meaning that everyone in the group can talk to everyone else. The preposition "with" is necessary after "communicate" when it takes a human object. Therefore, "with one another" is both grammatically complete and semantically accurate in this context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the action is reciprocal communication among many students. Step 2: Recall that the verb "communicate" usually takes the preposition "with" before the person or group involved. Step 3: Select a phrase that includes both the preposition "with" and a reciprocal pronoun: "with one another." Step 4: Insert it into the sentence: "The scheme allows students from different countries to communicate with one another." Step 5: Check that the completed sentence sounds natural and clearly describes two way communication among many students. Verification / Alternative check: Consider each alternative. "Each other" could work with the preposition "with" as "with each other," but the option here lacks "with." "With each others" is ungrammatical because "others" should not be plural in this expression. "Themselves" would make the sentence "communicate themselves," which is incorrect and does not show mutual communication. Only "with one another" fits all grammatical and semantic requirements. Why Other Options Are Wrong: each other: Missing the necessary preposition "with"; the natural phrase would be "communicate with each other." with each others: Uses the plural "others" incorrectly; the correct reciprocal form is "each other" without an s. themselves: Forms "communicate themselves," which is wrong because "communicate" in this sense is not reflexive but reciprocal. Common Pitfalls: Learners often confuse reflexive pronouns like "themselves" with reciprocal expressions such as "each other" and "one another." Another common issue is forgetting the preposition that many verbs require. To avoid such errors, remember typical patterns like "talk to," "speak with," and "communicate with one another," and mentally test the completed sentence for naturalness in everyday English. Final Answer: The correct phrase is with one another, giving the sentence: The scheme allows students from different countries to communicate with one another.

Question 14

In the following idiom and phrase question, choose the alternative that best expresses the meaning of the idiom "Straw in the wind" as used in English.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This idiom question asks you to interpret the meaning of the phrase "Straw in the wind." Idioms are fixed expressions whose meanings cannot always be guessed from the literal meanings of the words. In competitive exams, such idioms often describe situations, signs, or tendencies rather than physical objects. Given Data / Assumptions: Idiom: "Straw in the wind." Options refer to different possible meanings: a light object, a lucky charm, a children's game, or an indication of future events. The task is to choose the option that matches the figurative, not literal, sense. Concept / Approach: Literally, a piece of straw carried by the wind can show the direction in which the wind is blowing. Figuratively, "a straw in the wind" refers to a small sign or hint that suggests what may happen in the future. It is like an early indication of changing opinion, policy, or circumstances. Therefore, when this idiom is used, it means "an indication of what might happen," not the straw itself or a game or charm. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the literal image: a straw moving with the wind shows the wind's direction. Step 2: Transfer this idea to a figurative context: a small event or remark that hints at a larger change to come. Step 3: Compare this understanding with the given options. Step 4: Identify that "An indication of what might happen" perfectly matches the figurative meaning. Step 5: Choose that option as the best explanation of the idiom. Verification / Alternative check: Consider how the idiom could appear in a sentence: "His sudden interest in environmental issues is a straw in the wind; the company may shift its policies soon." Here, the event is a hint of future change. None of the other options would make sense if substituted into this context. You would not call it a lucky charm, a children's game, or simply a light object. This confirms that the idiom refers to an early sign of what is to come. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A light-weight object: This is only the literal description of straw and does not capture the idiomatic meaning. A lucky charm: Nothing in the idiom suggests luck or protection; it is about indication, not magic. A game that kids play: There is no common children's game known by this phrase, so this interpretation is incorrect. Common Pitfalls: Some students treat idioms literally, missing the figurative sense entirely, while others guess based solely on one word like "straw." Idioms must be learned as whole expressions with their established meanings. A useful memory aid is to visualise the straw moving with the wind and think of it as pointing toward the future direction, which reinforces the idea of a small clue about coming events. Final Answer: The idiom "Straw in the wind" means An indication of what might happen.

Question 15

In English idioms for competitive exams, the expression "Face the music" is used to describe a situation where a person accepts the unpleasant consequences, criticism, or punishment for what they have done. Choose the alternative that best expresses…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: In competitive English exams, idioms are frequently tested because they reveal how well a learner understands real life usage beyond simple dictionary meanings. The idiom "Face the music" is a very common expression in newspapers, conversations, and exams. It is used when someone must finally accept the results of their actions, especially when those results are unpleasant or involve criticism or punishment. Given Data / Assumptions: - The idiom given in the question is "Face the music". - The task is to choose the option that best explains the meaning of this idiom in everyday English usage. - The situation involves accepting consequences rather than escaping from them. Concept / Approach: Idioms are fixed expressions whose meanings cannot always be guessed from the individual words. The word "music" here does not refer to literal songs or pleasant sound. Instead, "Face the music" is a metaphor. Historically, it may have come from actors standing on stage facing the orchestra or from soldiers facing a band during punishment, but for exam purposes the key idea is to accept blame, punishment, or criticism bravely and directly, without running away. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the idiom "Face the music" and recall its common usage in sentences such as "He cheated in the exam and had to face the music later". Step 2: Understand that in such sentences, the person is not being praised or rewarded but is accepting negative consequences. Step 3: Check each option and see which one describes accepting punishment or criticism rather than avoiding it. Step 4: Option A, "Accept punishment or criticism", clearly captures the core idea of the idiom. Step 5: Confirm that no other option expresses this meaning as accurately as option A. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify the meaning by using the idiom in several example sentences. For instance, "After lying to his parents, he finally decided to face the music" clearly means he decided to accept their anger or punishment. Dictionaries and standard exam prep books also gloss "Face the music" as to accept unpleasant consequences or criticism. This confirms that option A is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, "Be loudly applauded for success", is the opposite of the idea because applause is positive, not a consequence of wrongdoing. Option C, "Avoid responsibility and run away", suggests escape, while the idiom actually means facing the situation. Option D, "Be dismissed from a job", is only one specific type of punishment, not the general concept. Option E, "Pretend that nothing has happened", again means avoiding reality, which is not the sense of the idiom. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes think "Face the music" is positive because music is generally pleasant. However, idioms must be learned as whole expressions. Another common mistake is to confuse it with simply attending a performance, which is not correct in idiomatic usage. Always think of the idiom in common scenarios where someone has done something wrong and must now accept what follows. Final Answer: The idiom "Face the music" means to accept the unpleasant consequences, criticism, or punishment for one's actions, so the correct option is Accept punishment or criticism.

Question 16

In English idioms used in competitive examinations, the phrase "Curry favour" refers to trying to gain approval or advantage from someone by using flattery or servile behaviour. Choose the alternative that best expresses the meaning of this idiom.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The idiom "Curry favour" is widely used in English to describe behaviour where a person tries to please someone powerful in order to gain an advantage. Such idioms are very common in competitive exams because they test both vocabulary and understanding of subtle social behaviour. Knowing the precise meaning helps in reading comprehension and descriptive writing as well. Given Data / Assumptions: - The idiom in the question is "Curry favour". - The task is to identify its meaning from the given options. - The context is social interaction where someone wants approval or benefit from another person. Concept / Approach: "Curry favour" does not refer to cooking or making a curry. Instead, it refers to seeking approval by insincere praise, flattery, or overly helpful behaviour. The person is usually trying to win special treatment or advantages. For exam purposes, focus on the idea of seeking favourable attention in a calculated way, not general attention or fair judgment. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Remember typical usage such as "He tried to curry favour with his boss by constantly agreeing with her" which shows a selfish motive. Step 2: Identify the key idea as trying to gain approval or advantage, usually by flattery. Step 3: Examine the options and locate the one that directly expresses this idea. Step 4: Option B, "Seek favourable attention through flattery", clearly reflects the idiom's meaning. Step 5: Confirm that none of the other options match the idiomatic sense. Verification / Alternative check: Consulting a good dictionary or idiom list will show meanings such as "to try to win favour by flattery" or "to seek to gain advantage by servile behaviour". This is consistent with option B. Using the idiom in various sentences where someone is trying to impress a teacher, boss, or leader will also show that the goal is favourable attention, not fairness or punishment. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "Seek impartial judgment in a dispute", suggests fairness, which is opposite to the manipulative nature of "Curry favour". Option C, "Prepare a spicy food dish", wrongly interprets "Curry" as food. Option D, "Attract random attention in a crowd", lacks the idea of gaining advantage or approval. Option E, "Demand strict punishment for others", has nothing to do with flattery or seeking approval. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to connect the idiom with Indian food because of the word "Curry". Another confusion is thinking it simply means to please someone in a genuine way. In fact, the idiom usually carries a negative tone, suggesting insincere or strategic behaviour to gain benefits. Remember this nuance when answering exam questions. Final Answer: "Curry favour" means to seek favourable attention or advantage through flattery or servile behaviour, so the correct option is Seek favourable attention through flattery.

Question 17

In English vocabulary questions on one word substitution, what is the correct word that means a brief or short stay at a place, for example when a traveller stops somewhere for a limited period before moving on. Choose the most appropriate option.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: One word substitution questions are a favourite area in English sections of competitive exams because they test both vocabulary range and precision. Here, the definition given is "a brief or short stay at a place", which often describes a temporary halt during travel. The task is to choose the single word that exactly captures this idea. Given Data / Assumptions: - We need a noun that means a short or temporary stay at a place. - The stay is not permanent and is usually part of a journey or visit. - We must pick the option that fully matches this meaning, not just a related idea. Concept / Approach: The correct word is "Sojourn". In English, "Sojourn" means a temporary stay, especially when a person is travelling or living for a short time in a place away from home. The other options either describe something else entirely or only partially relate to the idea of time, not a stay in a place. Understanding each word clearly is the key to solving such questions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the keywords in the definition: brief, short, stay, and place. Step 2: Recall that "Sojourn" is commonly used in sentences such as "During his sojourn in Delhi, he visited many historical monuments". Step 3: Compare this with each option to see which one directly means a temporary stay. Step 4: "Solitude" means the state of being alone, especially by choice, not a stay in a location. Step 5: "Soiree" means an evening party, usually a social gathering, not a stay. Step 6: "Solstice" refers to either of the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator, related to astronomy. Step 7: "Interval" means a pause or break in time, especially between events, not a residence in a place. Step 8: Therefore, "Sojourn" is the only word that satisfies the definition. Verification / Alternative check: Dictionary definitions confirm that "Sojourn" means a temporary stay, especially as a visitor. Reading example sentences in good books or articles further shows this usage. None of the other options is used in standard English to mean a short stay in a place. This confirms that our choice is accurate. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Solitude" refers to aloneness, often for peace and quiet. "Soiree" is a party, mainly social and festive. "Solstice" is a scientific term from astronomy. "Interval" is a gap in time between events. None of these words refers to a brief residence or stay in a place, so they do not match the definition given in the question. Common Pitfalls: Students may be misled by the similar spellings and sounds of "Sojourn", "Soiree", and "Solitude". Another common mistake is to confuse any word that sounds sophisticated with the correct answer without checking its exact meaning. Always link the exact definition in the question with the core meaning of the word before choosing your answer. Final Answer: The one word that means a brief or short stay at a place is Sojourn.

Question 18

In English vocabulary and one word substitution, which word correctly means that something can be believed because it appears reasonable and trustworthy. Choose the most appropriate word for the definition "that which can be believed".

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests fine distinctions between similar looking English words. In one word substitution and vocabulary items, "Credible", "Creditable", and "Gullible" often confuse learners. The given definition is "that which can be believed". To answer correctly, we must know the precise meaning of each option. Given Data / Assumptions: - The required word must mean capable of being believed. - It refers to statements, information, reports, or explanations that appear reliable. - The word is used to describe the quality of believability, not the quality of being praiseworthy or naive. Concept / Approach: "Credible" means believable or convincing. If a story is "credible", people feel that it could be true. "Creditable" means deserving praise or approval. "Gullible" describes a person who is too ready to believe what others say. "Miraculous" and "Verifiable" have different nuances. So the task is to choose the word that best matches "that which can be believed". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the core idea: something can be believed because it sounds reasonable or convincing. Step 2: Recall that "Credible" is used in phrases like "a credible explanation", "a credible witness", and "a credible threat". Step 3: Compare this with "Creditable", which appears in sentences like "She made a creditable effort", meaning an effort worthy of praise. Step 4: Note that "Gullible" is used for people who believe things too easily, not for statements or reports. Step 5: "Miraculous" suggests something amazing and almost impossible, like a miracle, which is the opposite of ordinary believability. Step 6: "Verifiable" means that something can be checked or tested, but it does not automatically mean people already find it believable. Step 7: Therefore, "Credible" is the only option that matches "that which can be believed". Verification / Alternative check: Dictionaries define "Credible" as "able to be believed" or "convincing". Many exam guides emphasise the difference between "Credible" (believable) and "Creditable" (praiseworthy). Example sentences and practice questions repeatedly reinforce this distinction. Cross checking with such sources confirms that "Credible" is the appropriate answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Miraculous" describes something like a miracle and does not relate to simple believability. "Creditable" is about deserving credit or praise, not about being believable. "Gullible" is a description of a person who is easily fooled, not of information. "Verifiable" indicates that something can be checked, but a statement might be verifiable yet still not credible until the verification is done. Common Pitfalls: The most common mistake is picking "Creditable" because it looks similar to "Credible" and shares the root "cred", meaning belief. However, in modern English they have clearly separated meanings. Another confusion arises between "Credible" and "Incredible". Remember that "Incredible" often means hard to believe, while "Credible" means easy to believe. Keeping these pairs in mind will help avoid errors in exams. Final Answer: The correct one word substitution for "that which can be believed" is Credible.

Question 19

In English vocabulary and personality descriptions, what is the correct one word substitution for a person who remains indifferent to both pain and pleasure, staying calm and unemotional in every situation. Choose the best option.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your knowledge of English words used to describe personality types and attitudes toward life. Many competitive exams include one word substitutions for such traits. Here, the description is "one who is indifferent to pain or pleasure", meaning someone who remains calm, controlled, and unaffected by emotional highs and lows. Given Data / Assumptions: - The person does not react strongly to pain or pleasure. - The key idea is emotional control and indifference to external circumstances. - We need a single word that names such a person. Concept / Approach: The word "Stoic" comes from the ancient philosophy of Stoicism, which taught that people should develop self control and not be disturbed by pleasure or pain. In modern English, a "Stoic" is someone who accepts suffering, difficulty, or joy without showing strong emotion. The other options describe different attitudes or types of people, not specifically this calm indifference to pain and pleasure. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the phrase "indifferent to pain or pleasure". It suggests emotional balance and lack of outward reaction. Step 2: Recall that "Stoic" is used in sentences like "He remained stoic during the crisis", meaning he did not show fear or distress. Step 3: Examine "Eccentric", which means a person with odd or unusual behaviour, not necessarily calm under pain. Step 4: Consider "Philosopher". A philosopher is a thinker or lover of wisdom, which is a different idea. Step 5: "Fatalist" describes someone who believes that everything is predetermined by fate and cannot be changed. Such a person might or might not be calm. Step 6: "Optimist" is a person who looks at the bright side of life, expecting good outcomes. Step 7: Only "Stoic" directly matches the idea of remaining indifferent to both pain and pleasure. Verification / Alternative check: Checking dictionaries, "Stoic" is defined as "a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining". This is very close to the wording in the question. Quick reference books for one word substitutions also list "Stoic" as the answer for similar definitions. None of the other words carries this exact meaning in standard usage. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Eccentric" is about unusual or odd behaviour, not emotional stability. "Philosopher" refers to a thinker, which may or may not describe the attitude to pain and pleasure. "Fatalist" is about belief in destiny, not necessarily about remaining calm. "Optimist" focuses on expecting good things, not on reacting calmly to pain or pleasure. Therefore, these options do not satisfy the definition. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to choose "Fatalist" because a fatalist might accept events as they happen. However, the question emphasizes indifference to pain and pleasure, not belief in fate. Another confusion is between "Stoic" and the adjective "Stoical"; both relate to the same concept, and exams might use either form. Remember that the noun for such a person is "Stoic". Final Answer: The correct one word substitution for a person indifferent to pain or pleasure is Stoic.

Question 20

In this English grammar sentence improvement question, you must choose the best way to begin the sentence so that it clearly and correctly expresses the idea that the area was prone to earthquakes, and therefore all the buildings were reinforced wit…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Sentence improvement questions test your understanding of correct grammar, clarity, and logical structure. The original sentence about an earthquake prone area has a problem with a dangling participle. The phrase "Knowing that the area was prone to earthquakes" seems to modify "all the buildings", which is illogical because buildings cannot know something. We need a better beginning that clearly links the knowledge to the people who acted on it. Given Data / Assumptions: - Original sentence: Knowing that the area was prone to earthquakes, all the buildings were reinforced with additional concrete. - We need to remove the dangling participle and make the cause effect relationship clear. - The meaning should remain that, because the area was known to be earthquake prone, reinforcement was done. Concept / Approach: A dangling participle appears when a participle phrase at the beginning of a sentence does not logically refer to the subject that follows. To correct this, we can replace the participle phrase with a clause starting with "Since" or "Because", and make "the area" the subject of that clause. "Since the area was known to be prone to earthquakes" correctly expresses the cause and avoids the dangling structure. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the participle phrase "Knowing that the area was prone to earthquakes" at the start of the sentence. Step 2: Notice that the next noun phrase is "all the buildings", which cannot logically perform the act of knowing. Step 3: Conclude that a new subject is needed which can logically be linked to the knowledge that the area was prone to earthquakes. Step 4: Option C, "Since the area was known to be prone to earthquakes, all the buildings were reinforced with additional concrete", uses a clear subject "the area" and a conjunction "Since" to show cause. Step 5: Compare other options and confirm that Option C is the most grammatically sound and natural. Verification / Alternative check: If we read Option C aloud, the sentence flows smoothly and logically. Grammar references recommend such constructions to avoid dangling participles. We could also rewrite it as "Because the area was known to be prone to earthquakes, all the buildings were reinforced with additional concrete", which is very close to Option C. This confirms that the structure chosen in Option C is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, "On being prone to earthquakes", is awkward and unidiomatic. Option B, "Having been knowing", is grammatically incorrect because "having been knowing" is not a standard verbal combination. Option D, "No improvement", wrongly accepts the dangling participle. Option E, "Because of earthquake proneness", sounds unnatural and uses an odd nominal phrase rather than a clear clause. Common Pitfalls: Students often ignore dangling participles if the general meaning is understandable. However, competitive exams look for precise grammar. Another mistake is to choose any option that begins with "Because" or "Since" without checking whether the rest of the sentence is natural. Always ensure that the subject matches the action logically. Final Answer: The best improvement is Since the area was known to be prone to earthquakes, all the buildings were reinforced with additional concrete.

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