Question 1

Officially, what is the full conventional long name of the country Sri Lanka according to its constitution and international usage?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks knowledge of the formal constitutional names of countries, not just their short or commonly used forms. Many states have an official long name that conveys their political system, such as democratic republic, socialist republic, or kingdom, while the short name omits these descriptive words. For Sri Lanka, examinations often test whether candidates know the precise official title as used in legal and diplomatic contexts. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks for the official conventional long name of Sri Lanka. Options include several similar forms: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Republic of Sri Lanka, and some additional distractor formulations. We assume standard general knowledge of world countries and their constitutional structures. Concept / Approach: The approach is to recall that Sri Lanka adopted a republican constitution and later described itself officially as a democratic socialist republic. This reflects both its democratic framework and its commitment at the time to a form of socialism. The exact phrase Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka appears in official documents and in the constitution. The task is to distinguish this precise phrase from similar looking but incomplete names in the options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that many countries have long official names which combine political and economic descriptions. Step 2: For Sri Lanka, remember that it is not simply a republic but is officially described as a democratic socialist republic. Step 3: Look at the options and locate the one that matches the full phrase Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Step 4: Compare it with other options like Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka or Republic of Sri Lanka, which are shorter and do not include the full constitutional term. Step 5: Select Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can refer to the preamble of the constitution of Sri Lanka or to standard world fact books issued by reputable organisations. These sources clearly list the country under its long form as Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and its short form as Sri Lanka. Diplomatic documents, official websites, and international reference works consistently use this full title in formal contexts. Since none of the other options match this exact phrasing, this cross check confirms the correctness of option A. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: This omits the word Democratic, which is a key part of the official title, therefore it is incomplete and incorrect. Republic of Sri Lanka: This is a shortened form that ignores both democratic and socialist descriptors, so it is not the full long name asked in the question. Kingdom of Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka is not a monarchy in the modern period and is not officially described as a kingdom, so this option is wrong. Union of Sri Lanka: This is not an official or commonly recognised formal name, hence it is incorrect. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes skim the options and choose Republic of Sri Lanka because it looks familiar and simple, without noticing that the question demands the conventional long name. Another pitfall is confusion with other countries that use the phrase Socialist Republic or Democratic Republic. Some learners may also think that including fewer words makes the name more modern, but in reality constitutions often retain detailed historical formulations. Careful reading of both question and options helps avoid these mistakes. Final Answer: The official conventional long name of Sri Lanka is Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.

Question 2

What is the total financial outlay in crore rupees for the Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) for universal household electrification?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests current affairs and economic awareness related to Indian government flagship schemes. Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana, popularly known as Saubhagya, aims at providing electricity connections to all willing households in rural and certain urban areas. For schemes of this scale, examinations frequently ask for the approved financial outlay, since it reflects the seriousness and scale of the government intervention. Given Data / Assumptions: The scheme in question is Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana, also known as Saubhagya. The question focuses specifically on the total financial outlay measured in crore rupees. Four very similar numeric options are given: 15320, 16320, 17320, and 18320 crore rupees, plus one extra distractor. We assume awareness of government press releases and budget documents related to Saubhagya. Concept / Approach: The correct outlay for the Saubhagya scheme is 16320 crore rupees. This figure is often quoted in official summaries of the programme. The approach is to remember both the scheme and its financial allocation as a pair. Because the options are very close in value, simple estimation is not enough; factual recall of the exact figure is needed. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Saubhagya is a scheme for universal household electrification in rural and some urban areas. Step 2: Remember that the total cost approved for the scheme is a little over sixteen thousand crore rupees. Step 3: Look at the numeric options 15320, 16320, 17320, and 18320 crore rupees, plus one extra distractor in the list. Step 4: Identify that 16320 crore rupees is the figure that matches official descriptions of the scheme. Step 5: Select 16320 crore rupees as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Verification can be done by checking government notifications and press releases about Saubhagya. These clearly state that the total outlay is 16320 crore rupees, including budgetary support and contributions from states. Many exam preparation books and economic survey based materials repeat the same figure. Since the other numbers are not used in authentic sources for this scheme, cross checking confirms that 16320 crore rupees is correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 15320 crore rupees: This is numerically close but does not match the sanctioned outlay for Saubhagya and appears to be a distractor created by changing just one digit. 17320 crore rupees: This suggests a higher allocation than actually provided and is not supported by official scheme documents. 18320 crore rupees: This is again a larger number than the approved outlay and is incorrect for this specific question. 20320 crore rupees: This amount is even higher and has not been quoted as the sanctioned cost of the scheme, so it is not correct. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to rely on rough memory, remembering that the figure is around sixteen thousand crore rupees and then randomly choosing any option starting with sixteen. Because several options are very similar, misplacing a single digit can lead to an incorrect answer. Another pitfall is confusing this number with allocations for other energy or infrastructure schemes. To avoid these errors, it is useful to make a small table of major schemes and their approved outlay during preparation and revise it regularly. Final Answer: The total financial outlay for Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) is 16320 crore rupees.

Question 3

According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute data for 2016, which country, with defence spending of 55 point 9 billion US dollars, became the world's fifth largest military spender?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks knowledge of global defence expenditure rankings based on data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, an authority on military spending statistics. Examinations use such questions to test awareness of India's position in the world in terms of defence spending and to encourage understanding of how India compares with major powers like the United States of America, China, Russia, and Saudi Arabia. Given Data / Assumptions: The year of reference is 2016. The source is Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, often abbreviated as SIPRI. The spending amount mentioned is 55 point 9 billion US dollars. The rank in question is fifth largest military spender in the world. The options list China, United States of America, Russia, India, and Saudi Arabia. Concept / Approach: The ranking of military spending typically has the United States of America at the top, followed by China, and then by other large spenders like Russia and Saudi Arabia. Around 2016, India increased its defence expenditure significantly, reaching an estimated 55 point 9 billion US dollars and thereby becoming the world's fifth largest military spender according to SIPRI. The approach is to remember that this combination of number and ranking refers specifically to India, not to the larger spending powers. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that SIPRI publishes an annual report on military expenditure by country. Step 2: Remember that in the 2016 data, the biggest spender was the United States of America, followed by China, and then by other large powers. Step 3: Note that a spending figure around 55 to 56 billion US dollars and the position of fifth largest spender are associated with India in that period. Step 4: Check the options and identify India as the one that matches this combination of rank and expenditure level. Step 5: Select India as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Verification can be done by consulting a summary of SIPRI military expenditure data for 2016. These summaries clearly show that India spent approximately 55 point 9 billion US dollars on defence and ranked fifth worldwide. By comparison, the United States of America and China spent much higher amounts and occupied the top two positions, while Russia and Saudi Arabia were also above India in earlier years but around this time India moved into the fifth position. Since only India fits the specific data mentioned in the question, this provides strong confirmation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: China: China was ranked second, not fifth, and its defence spending was significantly higher than 55 point 9 billion US dollars, so this option is incorrect. United States of America: This country has the largest defence budget in the world and spends far more than the amount mentioned, so it cannot be the fifth largest spender here. Russia: Russia is a major military power, but the figure 55 point 9 billion US dollars and the fifth rank in 2016 do not match it in the SIPRI table. Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia is also a high spender on defence, but the combination of amount and rank in this question does not correspond to it in the 2016 data. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to assume that any high figure must refer to China or the United States of America without paying attention to the rank mentioned. Some learners also confuse older rankings where other countries like Saudi Arabia appeared higher, or they mix data from different years. Another trap is to underestimate India's defence budget and rule it out as a top five spender. Careful reading of both the spending level and the rank, and linking them to the correct year, helps avoid these mistakes. Final Answer: India, with spending of about 55 point 9 billion US dollars in 2016, became the world's fifth largest military spender according to SIPRI.

Question 4

Within the revenue structure of Indian Railways, which category contributes the maximum share of earnings to the organisation?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests understanding of the basic revenue pattern of Indian Railways. Many people use trains as passengers and may assume that passenger tickets are the main source of income. However, for policy and exam purposes it is important to know that freight or goods traffic actually contributes the largest share of railway earnings. This has implications for planning, pricing, and future reforms in the rail sector. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to the overall revenue structure of Indian Railways. It asks which category contributes the maximum earning. The options include passenger earning, goods traffic earning, sundry earnings, other coach earning, and rental income. We assume standard knowledge of Indian Railways revenue composition. Concept / Approach: Historically and in current practice, freight services, also called goods traffic, generate most of the revenue for Indian Railways. Passenger fares are often kept relatively low for social and political reasons, which means passenger services by themselves are less profitable. By contrast, freight tariffs are higher and carry heavy goods such as coal, cement, and food grains, making goods traffic the backbone of railway income. The correct approach is to recall this general pattern and identify the corresponding option. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Indian Railways provides two main categories of service, passenger transport and freight or goods transport. Step 2: Remember that freight trains carry bulk commodities over long distances and are priced to generate significant revenue. Step 3: Note that passenger fares are often subsidised and do not usually cover the full cost of operation. Step 4: Look at the options and find the one that represents goods traffic earning from freight services. Step 5: Select goods traffic earning from freight services as the maximum contributor to railway revenue. Verification / Alternative check: Verification can be done by looking at any Indian Railways annual report or Economic Survey discussion on the transport sector. These documents show that a large majority of operating revenue comes from freight loading, with coal often being the single largest contributor among commodities. Passenger earnings form a much smaller proportion and may even run at a loss for certain classes. Sundry earnings, coach rentals, and rentals from station premises are relatively minor. Since the data consistently show freight as the main revenue source, the conclusion is confirmed. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Passenger earning from ticket sales: This category is important but does not surpass freight in total revenue contribution, so it is not the maximum earner. Sundry earnings from miscellaneous sources: These are small receipts from fines, advertisements, and other minor items and cannot be the main revenue head. Other coach earning from special coaches: Income from special coaches such as parcel vans or tourist coaches is limited and does not exceed freight earnings. Rental income from station premises: This includes shops and commercial use of space in stations, which is again much smaller than core freight revenue. Common Pitfalls: Because most people interact with Indian Railways as passengers, they sometimes assume that passenger earnings must be the largest component. Another pitfall is to overestimate the revenue from visible commercial activities at stations, such as shops and advertisements. Some learners may also not distinguish between operational revenue and one time capital receipts. To avoid these mistakes, remember that heavy freight hauled over long routes is the financial lifeline of the rail system. Final Answer: The category that contributes the maximum earning to Indian Railways is goods traffic earning from freight services.

Question 5

As of March 2018, who was serving as the Prime Minister of Pakistan according to contemporary political developments?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on recent political history of Pakistan. Examinations frequently ask who held key positions such as president or prime minister during specific years, especially in neighbouring countries. Around 2017 and 2018, there were important changes in Pakistan, including the disqualification of Muhammad Nawaz Sharif and the appointment of a new prime minister, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, before the later rise of Imran Khan. Given Data / Assumptions: The reference time is March 2018. The post in question is the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The options list several prominent Pakistani leaders: Mamnoon Hussain, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, Yousaf Raza Gillani, and Imran Khan. We assume knowledge of recent changes in Pakistani leadership. Concept / Approach: The key concept is to distinguish between the office of president and prime minister, and to track the sequence of political events. Mamnoon Hussain served as president, not prime minister. Muhammad Nawaz Sharif was removed from the office of prime minister by a court decision in 2017. Shahid Khaqan Abbasi was then chosen as prime minister and held the post until the general elections in mid 2018, after which Imran Khan took office. Therefore, for March 2018, the correct name is Shahid Khaqan Abbasi. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Muhammad Nawaz Sharif was disqualified by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2017. Step 2: Remember that after this disqualification, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi of the same party became the new prime minister. Step 3: Note that Pakistan held general elections later in 2018, after which Imran Khan became prime minister in August 2018. Step 4: Since the question specifically refers to March 2018, this falls into the period when Shahid Khaqan Abbasi was in office. Step 5: Among the options, select Shahid Khaqan Abbasi as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Verification can be performed by checking timelines of Pakistani political events in any reliable yearbook or news archive. These lists show that Nawaz Sharif's disqualification occurred in July 2017 and that Shahid Khaqan Abbasi took office shortly afterward. Imran Khan only took charge after the July 2018 elections and was sworn in the following month. Mamnoon Hussain is consistently listed as president during this phase, reinforcing that the person holding the prime minister post in March 2018 was Shahid Khaqan Abbasi. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Mamnoon Hussain: He served as president of Pakistan, not as prime minister, during this period, so this choice is incorrect for the given office. Muhammad Nawaz Sharif: He had already been disqualified by the Supreme Court in 2017 and was not prime minister in March 2018. Yousaf Raza Gillani: He was an earlier prime minister from another political period before Nawaz Sharif's later tenure and does not match the specified time. Imran Khan: Imran Khan became prime minister later in 2018 after general elections, not by March 2018, so this option is premature and wrong. Common Pitfalls: Learners often misremember timelines and may assume that because Imran Khan is a very well known recent leader, he must have been in power in early 2018. Another pitfall is confusion between president and prime minister, especially when two names circulate in news together. Some candidates may also recall Nawaz Sharif as a major figure and forget the brief Abbasi period. To avoid mistakes, it is useful to memorise a simple chronological table of recent leaders and their terms. Final Answer: As of March 2018, the Prime Minister of Pakistan was Shahid Khaqan Abbasi.

Question 6

Under the Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) launched in September 2017, by which target date were electricity connections to rural and urban households to be provided?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question again focuses on the Saubhagya scheme, but now from the perspective of its implementation timeline. Government schemes often specify a clear completion date or target year, and examination questions commonly ask about these deadlines. Knowing the scheduled completion date helps in understanding how ambitious the programme is and whether it aligns with broader goals such as universal access to electricity. Given Data / Assumptions: The scheme is Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana, also called Saubhagya. It aims to provide electricity connections in both rural and some urban areas. The launch was in September 2017. The question asks for the target date for providing these connections. Options list several months and years around 2018 and 2019. Concept / Approach: The official announcement of Saubhagya set the target of providing electricity connections to all willing households by December 2018, with some allowances for difficult terrain and remote areas that might extend into 2019. The primary deadline often quoted in exams is December 2018. The correct approach is to remember that the scheme was ambitious, with a roughly fifteen month main implementation window from launch to the end of 2018. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Saubhagya was launched in September 2017 to speed up household electrification. Step 2: Remember that the government announced an aggressive target to complete most connections by the end of 2018. Step 3: Examine the options March 2019, December 2018, March 2018, October 2018, and June 2019. Step 4: Identify December 2018 as the date that matches the core target deadline for household electrification. Step 5: Select December 2018 as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Official press releases and the scheme guidelines for Saubhagya mention that the objective was to provide electricity connections to all willing households by December 2018. Later reviews sometimes discuss further work in left out villages or difficult regions, but the main exam oriented target remains the end of 2018. Economic survey summaries and government presentations repeated this deadline as a key talking point. Since no other option matches this widely cited timeline, the cross check confirms December 2018 as correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: March 2019: While some leftover work may have continued beyond 2018, this was not the primary official target date announced at launch. March 2018: This date is too early to be realistic for a large national electrification programme announced only in late 2017. October 2018: This represents an intermediate month and is not the formal deadline most often quoted. June 2019: This extends far beyond the main deadline given in official documents and is not the standard answer tested in examinations. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse different deadlines across multiple schemes such as rural electrification of villages, household connectivity, and other power sector programmes. Another pitfall is to guess that the target must be at least two years away from launch and therefore choose a 2019 date. Some candidates also choose March 2019 because many government financial targets align with the end of a financial year. To avoid confusion, it is essential to remember that Saubhagya had a bold timeline that aimed for December 2018 completion. Final Answer: Under Saubhagya, the target date for providing electricity connections to households was December 2018.

Question 7

On 10 April 2017, Lok Sabha Passed the Motor Vehicles Act (Amendment) Bill, 2016. Under the new provisions, government will develop a scheme forcashless treatment of road accident victims during ______.

Accepted Answer

Golden hour

Question 8

English is recognised as an official language of which of the following Indian union territories listed in the options?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests knowledge of official languages in various Indian union territories. India has a complex language policy with multiple scheduled languages at the national level and different official language arrangements in states and union territories. In some areas, English is explicitly recognised as an official language for administration. The question asks which one among the listed union territories is officially associated with English in this manner. Given Data / Assumptions: The question is limited to the union territories named in the options. Options include Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi, and Puducherry. We assume awareness of the basic official language arrangements of these territories. Concept / Approach: Chandigarh is a union territory where English is a key official language, particularly for administration and higher level communication. While several territories use multiple languages in practice, certain exam oriented references clearly highlight Chandigarh as the answer to the question of which union territory has English as its official language. The approach is to recall the standard exam key rather than to debate the broader sociolinguistic reality. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Review the list of union territories given in the options. Step 2: Recall that Chandigarh is administered as a union territory and serves as a capital for nearby states. Step 3: Remember from polity and language policy notes that Chandigarh is commonly cited as a union territory where English is an official language. Step 4: Compare this with other territories such as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, where regional languages like Gujarati and Marathi are emphasised. Step 5: Select Chandigarh as the correct answer based on standard examination references. Verification / Alternative check: Exam preparation material for competitive exams in India, especially for staff selection and civil services, often directly states that English is an official language of Chandigarh. For instance, solutions to previous year papers of staff selection examinations highlight Chandigarh as the correct answer to exactly this question. Official documents also indicate heavy use of English in the union territory administration. In contrast, reference material for Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu stresses Gujarati, Marathi, and Hindi, while Delhi is known for Hindi along with other languages but is not usually given as the answer in this particular multiple choice format. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Dadra and Nagar Haveli: This territory recognises languages like Gujarati and Marathi along with Hindi, and examination keys do not list it as the direct answer to this specific question. Daman and Diu: Regional languages and Gujarati have prominence here, and it is not typically classified in exam questions as the union territory where English is the official language in the way asked here. National Capital Territory of Delhi: Delhi uses Hindi widely in its official business, and while English may be used, the exam oriented answer for this question is Chandigarh, not Delhi. Puducherry: Puducherry has its own set of official languages including Tamil and French heritage influences, but it is not the expected answer in this specific question. Common Pitfalls: Because English is widely used in administration throughout India, candidates may think that any union territory can be marked as correct. Another common error is to over analyse the linguistic reality instead of following the standard exam key. Some students may also recall that Delhi and Puducherry have multilingual environments and incorrectly select them. To avoid these issues, it helps to memorise the exact pairings that are frequently tested, such as English and Chandigarh for this question. Final Answer: Among the given options, the union territory where English is recognised as an official language for this examination context is Chandigarh.

Question 9

The BSE Sensex, which is a benchmark stock market index of the Bombay Stock Exchange, is constructed using how many leading companies?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks basic financial literacy regarding India's equity markets. The BSE Sensex is one of the most widely followed stock market indices in the country and is often used as a barometer of the overall performance of large listed companies. Knowing the number of companies that constitute the index helps candidates understand how broad or narrow the index is. Given Data / Assumptions: The index in question is the BSE Sensex, also called the Sensitive Index of the Bombay Stock Exchange. The query is about how many companies are included in the index. Options offer 30, 40, 50, 60, and 25 companies. We assume basic knowledge of capital markets and index structures. Concept / Approach: The Sensex is constructed from a group of large, well established, and actively traded companies across key sectors of the economy. Historically, and in current standard definitions, it is composed of 30 such companies. This is why it is often referred to as a basket of 30 blue chip stocks. The correct approach is to recall this fixed number and not confuse it with other indices such as the Nifty 50, which uses 50 stocks. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Sensex is the main index of the Bombay Stock Exchange. Step 2: Remember that the Sensex is based on a specific number of large companies chosen to represent different sectors. Step 3: Recognise that the familiar phrase is Sensex of 30, meaning an index of 30 companies. Step 4: Compare this recollection with the options 30, 40, 50, 60, and 25 companies. Step 5: Select 30 companies as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: The official website of the Bombay Stock Exchange and standard finance textbooks describe the BSE Sensex as composed of 30 top traded companies. Exam guides for banking and financial awareness also mention this number and often contrast it with Nifty 50, which has 50 stocks. Since this information is stable over time and widely agreed, cross checking through multiple sources confirms that the correct figure is 30 companies. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 40 companies: This number does not correspond to any mainstream Indian benchmark index associated with the Sensex name and is incorrect. 50 companies: This figure is linked with the Nifty 50 index of the National Stock Exchange, not with the BSE Sensex, so it is a trap option. 60 companies: This is simply a larger round number with no relation to the standard composition of the Sensex. 25 companies: This is lower than the actual number of Sensex constituents and is not supported by any official description. Common Pitfalls: One common mistake is confusing Sensex with Nifty. Candidates may remember that one major index has 50 stocks and then mark 50 for both indices. Another error is guessing based on a vague memory that the index includes a group of large companies, without recalling the specific number. To avoid such confusion, link the names as a mnemonic: Sensex 30 for Bombay Stock Exchange and Nifty 50 for National Stock Exchange. Final Answer: The BSE Sensex is constructed using 30 leading companies.

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of India's population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities as a source of livelihood according to traditional economic data?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests understanding of the importance of agriculture in India's economy by asking what proportion of the population is employed in agriculture and allied activities. Even though agriculture contributes a smaller share to gross domestic product compared to services and industry, it still supports a large share of the population. Traditional economic data and many text books often quote an approximate figure used widely in competitive examinations. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks for an approximate percentage, not an exact up to date survey number. It refers to the share of population employed in agriculture, not the share of agriculture in GDP. Options are 85, 70, 55, 40, and 30 percent. We assume the context of standard school and entry level exam material that often uses 55 percent as an approximate value. Concept / Approach: Historically, India has been described as an agrarian economy where a majority of people depend on agriculture. Over time the share has gradually decreased, but for many years economic text books have used around 55 percent as a widely accepted approximate figure for the proportion of the population engaged in agriculture and allied activities. This is higher than 40 percent and considerably lower than 70 or 85 percent. The approach is to recall this benchmark number and choose the closest matching option. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that agriculture is a major provider of employment in India, more than any single non agricultural sector. Step 2: Remember that standard economic descriptions often state that about half or slightly more than half of the population depends on agriculture. Step 3: Compare this idea with the numerical options of 85, 70, 55, 40, and 30 percent. Step 4: Recognise that 55 percent best fits the idea of slightly more than half of the population. Step 5: Select fifty five percent as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Older national sample surveys and economic survey summaries often indicated that roughly half or a bit more of India's workforce was engaged in agriculture. Many school and college level text books, particularly for introductory economics, state that about 55 percent of the population earns its livelihood from agriculture and allied activities. Although the exact percentage may change over time due to structural transformation of the economy, competitive examinations frequently rely on this traditional value. Therefore 55 percent remains the expected answer for this question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Eighty five percent: This suggests a very extreme agrarian structure that does not match modern data and is far higher than accepted estimates. Seventy percent: This option also overstates the role of agriculture in employment relative to standard figures used in text books. Forty percent: This value is lower than the historical estimates that this question is based on and is not the conventional figure taught in basic economics classes. Thirty percent: This is much too low for older data and does not reflect the traditional description of India as an economy where more than half the population depends on agriculture. Common Pitfalls: One common error is confusing the share of agriculture in GDP with the share of population employed in agriculture. Agriculture may contribute around fifteen percent to GDP but employ a far larger share of people. Another pitfall is to use very recent estimates from advanced reports, which may show a lower percentage, whereas the exam setters and traditional material still rely on the older and more approximate 55 percent figure. To avoid confusion, always read the question carefully and focus on employment, not output. Final Answer: Approximately fifty five percent of India's population is employed in agriculture and allied activities.

Question 11

In Indian employment and personnel policy, the term Golden Handshake scheme is most closely associated with which type of scheme?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is about terminology used in organisational and labour policy. The phrase Golden Handshake is often used when organisations offer a generous financial package to employees who choose to leave service early. Understanding such terms is important for questions on human resource management, public sector reforms, and labour law. Given Data / Assumptions: The term being defined is Golden Handshake scheme. The question asks which type of scheme this term refers to. Options include ordinary retirement, voluntary retirement, pension reforms, private executive bonus, and compulsory retrenchment. We assume general knowledge of human resource practices in government and corporate sectors. Concept / Approach: Golden Handshake usually refers to a voluntary retirement scheme where employees are encouraged to retire early in exchange for an attractive lump sum payment and other benefits. This is used by organisations to reduce surplus staff while avoiding forced retrenchment. It is different from normal retirement at the statutory age and from compulsory layoffs, because it relies on voluntary acceptance of an incentive package. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Golden Handshake is an informal phrase, not the official legal title of a specific act. Step 2: Understand that it is used when employees are given a financial incentive to resign or retire early from service. Step 3: Recognise that this arrangement is typically part of a voluntary retirement scheme that aims to downsize staff without legal disputes. Step 4: Compare this understanding with the options given in the question. Step 5: Select voluntary retirement scheme for employees as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Human resource management text books and newspaper reports on public sector restructuring often describe Golden Handshake schemes implemented in government companies and banks. These reports explain that employees who opt for voluntary retirement receive a lump sum severance package and sometimes additional benefits, which are collectively called a Golden Handshake. No authentic source uses this term for ordinary retirement or for schemes like One Rank One Pension, confirming that the association is specifically with voluntary retirement. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Retirement scheme at fixed age: Ordinary retirement at the age of superannuation is a normal service condition and is not called a Golden Handshake, because it does not involve special extra benefits for early exit. One Rank One Pension scheme for ex servicemen: This is a pension equalisation policy in the defence sector and has nothing to do with voluntary early retirement in civilian organisations. Private sector executive bonus scheme: Although high level executives can receive large payments when they leave, the exam term Golden Handshake in the Indian context is generally tied to voluntary retirement schemes, not regular bonuses. Compulsory retrenchment scheme: Compulsory retrenchment is an enforced termination of service and is quite different from a voluntary scheme based on consent, so this option is incorrect. Common Pitfalls: Some learners confuse Golden Handshake with any kind of generous payment, including high salary bonuses, without noticing that it is specifically connected to early exit from service. Others mix it up with pension related policies like One Rank One Pension because all involve money paid to those leaving active work. The safest way to avoid confusion is to remember that the handshake image suggests a parting on mutually agreed terms, which fits voluntary retirement with a special package. Final Answer: The Golden Handshake scheme is most closely associated with a voluntary retirement scheme for employees.

Question 12

The Radcliffe Line, drawn at the time of India's independence, is the international border between which two countries listed in the options?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines knowledge of important international boundaries related to India. The Radcliffe Line is a historically significant border drawn during the partition of British India in 1947. It is frequently mentioned in history and geography text books and is a standard item in competitive examinations, especially in questions relating to independence and partition. Given Data / Assumptions: The line in question is named the Radcliffe Line. The question asks which two countries share this boundary. Options list India with China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal. We assume basic knowledge of the partition process and the creation of new states in 1947. Concept / Approach: The Radcliffe Line was drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe to demarcate the boundaries between India and the newly created state of Pakistan at the time of partition. It initially separated Punjab and Bengal between the two dominions. Although later political changes created Bangladesh as a separate country, the Radcliffe Line as a historical term refers specifically to the original India Pakistan boundary, not to later borders or other neighbouring states. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that in 1947 British India was partitioned into the dominions of India and Pakistan. Step 2: Remember that a boundary commission headed by Sir Cyril Radcliffe was appointed to draw the line that would separate these two new countries. Step 3: Note that the resulting boundary came to be known as the Radcliffe Line. Step 4: Compare this fact with the options and find which pair of countries best fits this description. Step 5: Select India and Pakistan as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: School history text books and standard references on Indian polity state clearly that the Radcliffe Line is the boundary between India and Pakistan. It is often mentioned together with other historically significant boundaries such as the Durand Line and McMahon Line, which relate to other regions and neighbours. Maps showing the political boundaries at the time of partition label the main new line between India and Pakistan as the Radcliffe Line. This repeated use across multiple sources confirms that India and Pakistan is the correct pair. Why Other Options Are Wrong: India and China: Their disputed boundary is associated with names such as the McMahon Line in the eastern sector, not with the Radcliffe Line. India and Bangladesh: While Bangladesh was once East Pakistan, the term Radcliffe Line historically describes the original India Pakistan border, not specifically the separate country of Bangladesh that emerged later. India and Afghanistan: The Durand Line is associated with Afghanistan, separating it from British India and later Pakistan, not India directly in this context. India and Nepal: There is no famous boundary called Radcliffe Line between India and Nepal, so this option is incorrect. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to associate Radcliffe Line with Bangladesh because part of the line ran through Bengal, which later became East Pakistan and then Bangladesh. However, the proper historical pairing remains India and Pakistan. Another pitfall is mixing up the various named lines: McMahon Line with China, Durand Line with Afghanistan, and Radcliffe Line with Pakistan. To avoid confusion, students should memorise each line along with its associated neighbour in a simple table. Final Answer: The Radcliffe Line is the international border between India and Pakistan.

Question 13

Maithili, one of the recognised Indian languages, is primarily spoken by people in which Indian state listed below?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks knowledge of regional languages and their geographical distribution within India. Maithili is one of the languages recognised in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Examinations often ask where particular languages are primarily spoken to test candidates on cultural and linguistic diversity across Indian states. Given Data / Assumptions: The language in question is Maithili. The question asks in which state it is primarily spoken. Options include Bihar, Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, and Gujarat. We assume basic awareness of where Maithili speaking communities are concentrated. Concept / Approach: Maithili is predominantly spoken in the Mithila region, which largely falls within the state of Bihar and partly in adjoining areas of Nepal. It has a rich literary tradition and is recognised as a distinct language in the Constitution of India. Therefore, among the given options, Bihar is the state most closely associated with Maithili as a primary language of a significant population. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Maithili is associated with the historical region of Mithila in north India. Step 2: Remember that Mithila mainly corresponds to districts in the northern part of present day Bihar. Step 3: Review the options Bihar, Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, and Gujarat. Step 4: Identify Bihar as the state that contains the core Maithili speaking area. Step 5: Select Bihar as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Official language lists, cultural references, and census based language data indicate that Maithili is most widely spoken in Bihar. Although Maithili speakers also live in nearby regions and across the border in Nepal, the Indian state most strongly connected with Maithili remains Bihar. Government notifications regarding classical language status or language promotion schemes often refer specifically to Maithili of Bihar, confirming the association. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Assam: Assam has its own Assamese language and several tribal languages, but Maithili is not a major regional language there. West Bengal: Bengali is the dominant language of West Bengal, and although migrants may speak other languages, Maithili is not considered a primary state language. Meghalaya: This north eastern state has languages like Khasi and Garo, not Maithili, as primary tongues. Gujarat: Gujarati is the main language here, so Maithili is not primarily spoken in this state. Common Pitfalls: Some learners confuse Maithili with other eastern languages like Bengali or Assamese because of geographical proximity. Another pitfall is to think that any Indo Aryan language from the east could belong to West Bengal by default. To avoid confusion, it helps to remember the trio of Bihar associated languages, such as Bhojpuri, Magahi, and Maithili, which are all linked to that region. Final Answer: Maithili is primarily spoken in the Indian state of Bihar.

Question 14

Among the following Indian states, which one has the lowest literacy rate according to commonly cited census data?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines knowledge of regional disparities in literacy within India. Literacy rate is a key human development indicator used in census reports and planning documents. While some states like Kerala are famous for very high literacy, others lag behind. Examinations frequently ask which state has the lowest literacy rate among a given set of options. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks for the state with the lowest literacy rate among the listed options. The options are Kerala, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh. We assume awareness of broad patterns in literacy from recent census data, where Bihar consistently appears near the bottom. Concept / Approach: According to the Indian census and related official statistics, Bihar has one of the lowest literacy rates among all states, especially when comparing with states like Kerala or Maharashtra. Although Rajasthan and some other states also have challenges, Bihar is typically highlighted in exam oriented material as having the lowest literacy rate. The correct approach is to compare the relative positions of these states rather than attempting to remember exact percentages. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Kerala has a very high literacy rate, often above ninety percent, so it cannot be the lowest. Step 2: Recognise that Maharashtra is a relatively developed state with literacy well above the national average. Step 3: Consider Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, which have moderate literacy levels but are not usually quoted as the absolute lowest. Step 4: Remember that Bihar is regularly reported as having the lowest or one of the lowest literacy rates among Indian states. Step 5: Select Bihar as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Census reports and planning documents both show Bihar with a literacy rate lower than many other large states. Exam preparation books that summarise these data often display a table where Kerala appears at the top and Bihar appears close to the bottom. Even though some smaller or newly formed states may fluctuate, within the commonly quoted major states, Bihar is consistently identified as having the lowest literacy rate. Therefore, it matches the answer expected in this question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Kerala: Known nationwide for its near universal literacy achievements, Kerala cannot be the state with the lowest literacy rate in this list. Rajasthan: Although literacy levels in Rajasthan have historically been lower than the national average, they are higher than those of Bihar in most recent census data. Maharashtra: This state has strong urbanisation and educational facilities, leading to relatively high literacy compared with Bihar. Madhya Pradesh: It has moderate literacy and faces challenges, but it is not as low as Bihar in the standard comparative rankings used in exams. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may confuse low female literacy rates in certain states with overall lowest literacy, leading them to choose Rajasthan. Others might rely on outdated impressions rather than updated census data. Another pitfall is to assume that any largely rural state must have the lowest literacy without checking specific comparative figures. To avoid such errors, it is helpful to memorise a short list of states known for extremes, such as Kerala at the top and Bihar near the bottom for literacy. Final Answer: Among the listed states, Bihar has the lowest literacy rate.

Question 15

In the context of banking and finance, the term Green Banking generally refers to banks that mainly finance which type of projects?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks conceptual clarity about green banking, an emerging idea in sustainable finance. With increasing awareness of climate change and environmental protection, financial institutions are encouraged to support projects that are environmentally friendly. The term Green Banking captures this shift in emphasis and is used in policy discussions and exam syllabi that cover financial inclusion and sustainable development. Given Data / Assumptions: The key term is Green Banking. The question asks what this term means in practical terms. Options link green banking variously with agriculture, irrigation, farmers, environment friendly projects, and urban infrastructure. We assume familiarity with sustainable finance and its basic definitions. Concept / Approach: Green banking is a broad concept in which banks design their policies and lending practices to support environmental sustainability. This can include financing renewable energy, pollution control, energy efficient construction, and conservation projects. It is not limited to agriculture or irrigation alone, and it does not simply mean banking for farmers. The correct approach is to identify the option that clearly states this environment focused orientation. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand that the word green in this context refers to environmental sustainability, not simply to the colour of currency or fields. Step 2: Recall that green banking involves promoting loans and services that support clean energy, reduced carbon emissions, and resource conservation. Step 3: Examine the options and identify which one best captures this environmental focus. Step 4: Notice that environment friendly and pro environmental projects is the only option that directly refers to environmental goals. Step 5: Select environment friendly and pro environmental projects as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Definitions of green banking in financial and environmental literature describe it as banking practices that encourage and support sustainable development. Examples include priority lending to solar and wind power projects, financing green buildings that follow energy efficiency standards, and avoiding projects that cause deforestation or pollution. Policy guidelines from regulatory bodies often mention green banking in this way. These explanations all align with the idea of financing pro environmental projects, confirming the correct option. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Agriculture projects only: While some agriculture projects can be green, green banking is not limited to agriculture and covers a much wider range of environment related activities. Large irrigation projects: These may or may not be environmentally sustainable and are not the primary focus of the term green banking in general usage. Loans to individual farmers: This is part of agricultural and rural credit policy and is not by itself what green banking means. Exclusive urban infrastructure projects: Urban infrastructure can involve conventional construction that is not environment friendly, so this option is too narrow and not aligned with the meaning of green banking. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates equate green with agriculture because they associate green fields and farming with the countryside. This can lead them to choose agriculture or farmer related options instead of the broader environmental meaning. Others may think green banking refers to promoting digital or paperless banking, which is a related idea but not the main definition in this question. To avoid confusion, remember that in policy language green usually signals environment and sustainability as the core theme. Final Answer: Green banking refers to banks that primarily finance environment friendly and pro environmental projects.

Question 16

Which three food grain crops together contribute the maximum share to global food grain production among the combinations given?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks basic knowledge of world agriculture, specifically which major cereals dominate global food grain production. Understanding which crops feed the majority of the world population helps learners appreciate patterns of cultivation, trade, and food security. The focus is on the top three staple cereals by production volume. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks for three crops that together contribute the maximum to world food grain production. Options provide different combinations of cereals including wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum, and oats. We assume awareness that wheat, rice, and maize are the leading cereals globally. Concept / Approach: Global production statistics consistently show that wheat, rice, and maize are the top three cereals by tonnage. Maize sometimes leads in total production because it is also used as animal feed and for industrial purposes. Wheat and rice are central to human diets across many countries. Other cereals like barley, sorghum, and oats are important regionally but do not match the combined contribution of wheat, rice, and maize. The correct approach is to choose the combination that includes these three major crops. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the main staple cereals grown worldwide for food and feed. Step 2: Recognise that wheat, rice, and maize occupy the top positions in global cereal production data. Step 3: Look at the combinations in the options and identify the one that includes all three of these crops. Step 4: Note that the combination wheat, rice, maize appears as one of the options. Step 5: Select wheat, rice, maize as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Food and Agriculture Organization statistics on cereal production show maize, wheat, and rice as the three largest crops by quantity. This pattern has persisted for many years, though their exact ranking among themselves can vary slightly by year. Reference books for geography and agriculture summarise this information and often directly state that wheat, rice, and maize together account for the majority of global cereal output. Since no other combination in the options captures all three of these crops together, the answer is clearly wheat, rice, maize. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Wheat, rice, barley: Barley is smaller in total production compared to maize, so this combination does not represent the three largest contributors. Rice, maize, sorghum: Sorghum is important in dry regions but its global production is lower than that of wheat. Wheat, maize, sorghum: Once again, sorghum replaces rice here, which is not accurate for top three global cereals. Rice, barley, oats: Both barley and oats are produced in much smaller quantities than wheat and maize, making this combination incorrect. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may focus on crops familiar in their region rather than on global patterns, causing them to overestimate the importance of barley or sorghum. Another pitfall is to think only in terms of human food and overlook maize because of its large role as animal feed and industrial raw material. To avoid such mistakes, it is important to rely on global production rankings rather than local experience. Final Answer: The three crops that together contribute the maximum to global food grain production are wheat, rice, and maize.

Question 17

The Golden Quadrilateral highway project for the development and four lane strengthening of major national highways in India was initiated under the leadership of which Prime Minister?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question relates to infrastructure development and political leadership in India. The Golden Quadrilateral is a flagship highway project connecting four major metropolitan cities by modern, high capacity roads. It is part of the National Highways Development Project and is frequently associated in public memory with a particular prime minister who championed large scale infrastructure initiatives. Given Data / Assumptions: The project in question is the Golden Quadrilateral highway network. It connects major cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata. The question asks under which prime minister this project was initiated. Options list several former prime ministers: P V Narasimha Rao, I K Gujral, Manmohan Singh, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and H D Deve Gowda. Concept / Approach: The Golden Quadrilateral was conceived and launched during the tenure of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who placed strong emphasis on road infrastructure and connectivity. It was a central part of the National Highways Development Project, along with other initiatives like the North South and East West corridors. The correct approach is to link the Golden Quadrilateral with Vajpayee's government, rather than with the earlier economic reforms of Narasimha Rao or the later tenure of Manmohan Singh. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the Golden Quadrilateral connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata in a highway loop. Step 2: Remember that this project gained prominence in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Step 3: Note that Atal Bihari Vajpayee was prime minister during this period and promoted major road building initiatives. Step 4: Compare this timeline and policy emphasis with the options provided. Step 5: Select Atal Bihari Vajpayee as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Government documents and historical summaries of the National Highways Development Project clearly mention that it was launched in 1998 under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Speeches and policy notes from that time highlight road development as a key focus of his government. Later governments continued and expanded the work, but the initial launch is consistently credited to Vajpayee. Therefore, cross checking multiple sources leaves no doubt that Atal Bihari Vajpayee is the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: P V Narasimha Rao: He is associated with economic liberalisation in the early 1990s but not with the specific launch of the Golden Quadrilateral project. I K Gujral: His term as prime minister was short and not linked to major highway network projects of this scale. Manmohan Singh: While significant progress on highways continued during his tenure, the project was already initiated under Vajpayee before he took office. H D Deve Gowda: His government preceded the Vajpayee government when the project was actually launched, so this option is not correct. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may assume that because Manmohan Singh served as prime minister for a long time, many infrastructure projects must have begun under his tenure. Others may mix up economic liberalisation under Narasimha Rao with infrastructure expansion. A clear mental link that connects Golden Quadrilateral, National Highways Development Project, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee helps avoid these errors. Final Answer: The Golden Quadrilateral highway project was initiated under the leadership of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

Question 18

The famous Salzburg Festival, known for its music and drama performances, is held in which European country listed in the options?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests basic world cultural geography. The Salzburg Festival is a renowned festival of music and drama that attracts performers and audiences from around the world. It is closely associated with the city of Salzburg, which is famous as the birthplace of the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Knowing in which country this city and festival are located is a common general knowledge requirement. Given Data / Assumptions: The cultural event in question is the Salzburg Festival. The festival is identified with the city of Salzburg. Options list Italy, Austria, Australia, Spain, and Switzerland. We assume basic awareness of European geography and major cultural cities. Concept / Approach: Salzburg is a city in Austria, near the border with Germany. It is well known for its baroque architecture, Alpine surroundings, and as the birthplace of Mozart. The Salzburg Festival is an annual summer event held there, featuring opera, classical music, and theatre. Therefore, the country associated with the Salzburg Festival is Austria. The task is to connect the city name with the correct country. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Salzburg is a European city, not an Australian or Latin American location. Step 2: Remember that Salzburg is located in Austria and is famous for Mozart and classical music. Step 3: Recognise that the Salzburg Festival is named after this city and takes place there each year. Step 4: Review the options Italy, Austria, Australia, Spain, and Switzerland. Step 5: Select Austria as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Travel guides, cultural encyclopaedias, and official festival websites all describe the Salzburg Festival as held in Salzburg, Austria. Photographs and maps show the city with Austrian landmarks and flags. Music history resources link Mozart and the festival with Austria, not with Italy, Spain, or Switzerland. This consistent evidence across many independent sources confirms that the Salzburg Festival belongs to Austria. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Italy: Although Italy hosts many important music festivals, Salzburg is not an Italian city, so this option is incorrect. Australia: The spelling similarity between Austria and Australia can confuse learners, but Salzburg is in central Europe, not in the southern hemisphere. Spain: Spain has its own cultural festivals, but none associated with a city named Salzburg. Switzerland: Switzerland is close to Austria geographically but does not contain the city of Salzburg or this festival. Common Pitfalls: The most common pitfall is confusing Austria with Australia due to the similarity of their English names. Some candidates may quickly scan the options and accidentally mark Australia, forgetting that Salzburg is in central Europe. Others may simply not know where Salzburg is and guess based on random choice. To avoid such errors, it is helpful to remember a simple association: Mozart, Salzburg, and Austria go together in classical music history. Final Answer: The Salzburg Festival is held in the country of Austria.

Question 19

Which is the largest continent in the world by total land area?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Many general knowledge examinations test awareness of basic world geography, including the names and relative sizes of the continents. This question asks about the largest continent on Earth when measured by total land area, which is a fundamental fact that helps learners develop a mental map of the world and understand broad spatial patterns on our planet. Given Data / Assumptions: Earth is divided into several large landmasses known as continents. The options given are Africa, North America, South America, and Asia. The term largest refers to total land area, not population or economic output. Concept / Approach: The idea here is to recall or compare the approximate land areas of the major continents. Asia is known for being both the largest continent by land area and the most populous. Africa, while also very large, still has a smaller land area than Asia. North America and South America are also substantial but clearly smaller than both Asia and Africa. Therefore, the approach is to recognize which continent dominates in simple size rankings. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: List the continents that appear in the options and recall that there are seven continents in total: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Antarctica, and Australia.Step 2: Remember that Asia extends from the Mediterranean region in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Indian Ocean in the south, covering a huge portion of the Northern Hemisphere.Step 3: Compare this with Africa, which is the second largest continent, and with North America and South America, which are large but do not exceed Asia in land area.Step 4: From these comparisons, conclude that Asia is the largest continent by land area. Verification / Alternative check: A quick reference to standard geography data sources shows approximate land areas: Asia is about 44 million square kilometres, Africa about 30 million, North America about 24 million, and South America about 18 million. These figures confirm that Asia is significantly larger than the other continents listed, which verifies the chosen answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Africa: Very large and second only to Asia, but its land area is still clearly smaller than that of Asia. North America: Large and home to many countries, but it has noticeably less land area than both Asia and Africa. South America: Also a major continent but smaller than North America, Africa, and Asia, so it cannot be the largest by land area. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may confuse population with land area and assume that another continent might be larger for economic or cultural reasons. Others might underestimate the sheer east to west and north to south spread of Asia. Another confusion can arise if someone has only seen simplified maps that distort relative sizes, such as certain projections that exaggerate high latitude regions. It is important to rely on measured land area rather than visual impressions from a single map projection. Final Answer: The largest continent in the world by total land area is Asia.

Question 20

Which Indian chilli variety is considered one of the hottest in the world?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Spices and chillies are an important part of Indian cuisine, and some Indian varieties are famous worldwide for their intense heat. This question checks awareness of a well known Indian chilli that gained global attention for being among the hottest recorded, making it a popular topic in general knowledge and competitive exams related to food, agriculture, or culture. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks for an Indian chilli that is considered one of the hottest in the world. Options list several chilli names, but only one is widely recognised for extreme pungency. Heat level of chilli is usually measured in Scoville Heat Units, which helps compare relative spiciness. Concept / Approach: The approach is to recall notable Indian chillies that have been documented as extremely hot. Bhut Jolokia, also called Ghost Pepper, from the North East region of India, especially Assam, is well known for once being ranked among the hottest chillies in the world. The other names in the options are not internationally famous as record holding chillies, so identifying Bhut Jolokia as the best known ultra hot Indian chilli leads to the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the question carefully and note that it asks about an Indian chilli considered among the hottest in the world, not just a commonly used spicy chilli.Step 2: Recall that Bhut Jolokia, or Ghost Pepper, from Assam and neighbouring regions, has been measured at very high Scoville Heat Unit values.Step 3: Compare each option with your knowledge of famous hot chilli varieties and recognise that Bhut Jolokia is widely known in news, documentaries, and agricultural references.Step 4: Conclude that Bhut Jolokia must be the correct choice among the given options. Verification / Alternative check: Information from agricultural departments, food science references, and international records has documented Bhut Jolokia with extremely high Scoville ratings, placing it among the hottest chillies at the time of testing. No similar recognition is commonly associated with the other names listed in the options. This confirms that Bhut Jolokia fits the description required by the question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Bhut Mahabora: This name does not refer to a globally recognised hottest chilli and lacks the documented record heat level linked to Bhut Jolokia. Lal Chitin: There is no widely accepted record or reputation connecting this name with extreme chilli pungency at world record levels. Lal Shamak: Similarly, this option does not match known listings of the hottest chillies and appears only as a distractor in the set of options. Common Pitfalls: Candidates may be tempted to guess based on how exotic a name sounds rather than on actual documented information. Another mistake is confusing Bhut Jolokia with other hot chillies from different countries, such as Carolina Reaper or Trinidad Moruga Scorpion, which are not Indian. Remember that the question clearly restricts the answer to an Indian variety, so only an Indian chilli with global recognition for heat will be correct. Final Answer: The Indian chilli considered one of the hottest in the world is Bhut Jolokia.

Basic General Knowledge Questions