Question 1

In India, on which date is Good Governance Day officially observed every year?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Good Governance Day is an observance introduced by the Government of India to highlight the importance of transparent, accountable, and effective administration. It is also linked with the birth anniversary of an important national leader, making it a regular question in current affairs and static GK. Given Data / Assumptions: The observance is Good Governance Day. It is celebrated annually in India. We must identify the correct date in December. Concept / Approach: Good Governance Day is associated with the birthday of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Remembering his date of birth directly gives you the date of the observance, since the two coincide. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Atal Bihari Vajpayee was born on 25 December 1924.Step 2: The Government of India decided to observe his birth anniversary on 25 December as Good Governance Day.Step 3: Therefore, Good Governance Day is observed every year on 25 December.Step 4: Among the options provided, December 25 exactly matches this date.Step 5: Other dates such as December 21, 22, and 24 have no direct association with this observance in official notifications. Verification / Alternative check: Government press releases and exam oriented yearbooks list Good Governance Day on 25 December, often mentioning that it coincides with Atal Bihari Vajpayee birth anniversary. Why Other Options Are Wrong: December 22, 21, and 24: These dates may be associated with other events or may simply be distractors, but they are not the official date for Good Governance Day. Common Pitfalls: Some learners confuse Good Governance Day with other December observances or with important dates such as Christmas, but in this case both fall on 25 December, which can actually help you remember the correct date.Another mistake is to mix up this day with National Good Governance Index related events, which might be released on different dates. Final Answer: Good Governance Day in India is observed every year on December 25.

Question 2

The web based complaints redressal system called SCORES has been launched by which of the following organizations?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: SCORES is an important online platform that allows investors to lodge complaints about securities market issues. Knowing which regulator launched this system is essential for questions on investor protection, capital markets, and financial awareness. Given Data / Assumptions: The platform is called SCORES, which stands for an online complaints redressal system. It deals with grievances related to investments and securities. Options list different financial and governmental bodies. Concept / Approach: Since SCORES deals with securities and investor grievances in the capital market, it should logically be associated with the securities market regulator rather than with a commercial bank or a general ministry. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognize that SEBI is the statutory regulator for securities and capital markets in India.Step 2: SCORES is designed to allow investors to file complaints against listed companies and intermediaries, which clearly falls under SEBI jurisdiction.Step 3: Indian Banks Association is an industry body, not a securities regulator.Step 4: State Bank of India is an individual bank and cannot be the national complaints platform owner for securities.Step 5: Ministry of Corporate Affairs handles corporate law and company registration, but securities market regulation is specifically assigned to SEBI.Step 6: Therefore, the correct answer is Securities and Exchange Board of India. Verification / Alternative check: Official SEBI documentation and financial news reports clearly describe SCORES as SEBI online complaint redress system, used by investors to lodge grievances about listed entities and intermediaries. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Indian Banks Association: Focuses on banking sector coordination, not on securities complaint resolution at the national regulatory level.State Bank of India: A commercial bank that might have customer complaint systems, but not this national securities redress platform.Ministry of Corporate Affairs: Deals with corporate legislation and administration, but SCORES is specifically tied to securities market regulation. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates confuse SCORES with grievance systems in the banking sector or with corporate affairs because they see it as web based and related to companies.Another pitfall is not linking the word securities directly to SEBI, which is the central hint in this question. Final Answer: The web based complaints redressal system SCORES was launched by the Securities and Exchange Board of India.

Question 3

In 1930, which leader started the Red Shirt Movement in the North West Frontier Province to support the Indian national struggle?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The Red Shirt Movement, also known as the Khudai Khidmatgar movement, was an important non violent struggle in the North West Frontier Province during the Indian freedom movement. This question checks your knowledge of regional leaders who supported the wider national struggle alongside more commonly known figures. Given Data / Assumptions: The movement is called the Red Shirt Movement. It started around 1930 in the North West Frontier Province. We must identify the leader who started it from four famous freedom fighters. Concept / Approach: The Red Shirt Movement is closely associated with a leader often called Frontier Gandhi because of his strong commitment to non violence and his work among the Pashtun population. Recognizing this nickname and his region immediately guides you to the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a prominent leader from the North West Frontier Province.Step 2: He founded the Khudai Khidmatgar organization, whose members wore red shirts, hence the name Red Shirt Movement.Step 3: Subhas Chandra Bose is known for the Indian National Army and for a more militant approach, not for this movement.Step 4: Lala Lajpat Rai was a leader from Punjab and not associated with the Red Shirt Movement in the frontier region.Step 5: Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary from Punjab and had no direct role in founding the Red Shirt Movement.Step 6: Therefore, the correct answer is Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan. Verification / Alternative check: History texts on modern India state that the Red Shirt Movement or Khudai Khidmatgar was founded by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan to mobilize the Pashtun people in support of the Indian National Congress and non violent resistance. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Subhas Chandra Bose: Associated with the Indian National Army and Azad Hind government, not with this non violent frontier movement.Lala Lajpat Rai: A major nationalist leader, but he led protests such as those against the Simon Commission, not the Red Shirt Movement.Bhagat Singh: Famous for revolutionary actions such as the Central Legislative Assembly bombing, but not for a non violent mass movement like this one. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes pick a more famous all India name, such as Bose or Bhagat Singh, without connecting the specific movement to the right region and ideology.Forgetting the nickname Frontier Gandhi also leads to confusion, because it directly hints at Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan. Final Answer: The Red Shirt Movement in the North West Frontier Province was started by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

Question 4

Germany signed the Armistice Treaty bringing an end to active fighting in World War I on which of the following dates?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: World War I is a major topic in modern world history. One of the most famous historical dates is the signing of the armistice that ended the fighting on the Western Front. This date is commemorated every year in many countries and is therefore a key fact for exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The event is the signing of the Armistice Treaty by Germany. This armistice effectively ended World War I hostilities. Four dates in 1918 are given as options. Concept / Approach: The most important hint is to remember the phrase the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, which is often used to describe the timing of the armistice. This directly indicates 11 November 1918. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the armistice was signed on 11 November 1918 between Germany and the Allied powers.Step 2: This is remembered as 11/11/1918, and the fighting formally ended at the eleventh hour of that day.Step 3: Check the options and locate November 11, 1918.Step 4: Option C exactly matches this date.Step 5: The other dates in January, May, and February 1918 do not correspond to the famous armistice date marking the end of World War I hostilities. Verification / Alternative check: History books, war memorials, and official commemorations such as Armistice Day and Veterans Day all reference November 11, 1918 as the date on which World War I fighting ended on the Western Front. Why Other Options Are Wrong: January 19, 1918; May 30, 1918; February 15, 1918: None of these dates mark the signing of the armistice that ended World War I fighting. They may have other events, but not this crucial one. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may misremember the year or month, but the phrase eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month is designed to make this date easy to recall.Confusing the date of the armistice with the dates of various treaties, such as the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, is another common issue. Final Answer: Germany signed the Armistice Treaty ending active World War I fighting on November 11, 1918.

Question 5

Which country is traditionally referred to as the Land of the Rising Sun?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Many countries have poetic or traditional nicknames based on geography, history, or culture. The phrase Land of the Rising Sun is strongly associated with one East Asian country and regularly appears in general knowledge questions. Given Data / Assumptions: We must identify which country is called the Land of the Rising Sun. Options include Russia, Japan, Korea, and Holland. The nickname is linked to the country location relative to Asia and to its name in local language. Concept / Approach: The name Japan is often connected to the idea of sun origin. In Japanese, Nippon or Nihon is commonly interpreted as origin of the sun or where the sun rises, which explains the English nickname Land of the Rising Sun. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Japan is located to the east of the Asian mainland and is often poetically described as the first place where the sun rises in that region.Step 2: The country name in Japanese, Nippon, is derived from characters that mean sun and origin.Step 3: Because of this, Japan is widely called the Land of the Rising Sun in books, documentaries, and exams.Step 4: Russia, Korea, and Holland do not share this specific nickname, even though they also experience sunrise.Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is Japan. Verification / Alternative check: School level geography books, tourist brochures, and international reports all agree that Japan is referred to as the Land of the Rising Sun, and its flag even features a red sun disk, reinforcing the association. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Russia: Known for its large size and cold climate, but not for this nickname.Korea: Sometimes described poetically, but standard exam material reserves Land of the Rising Sun for Japan.Holland: Usually referred to as part of the Netherlands and not associated with this title. Common Pitfalls: Some learners might confuse Korea and Japan because both are in East Asia, but only Japan has this widely accepted nickname.Others may overthink the phrase and attempt to connect it with the direction of sunrise over different continents rather than remembering the well known cultural reference. Final Answer: The country traditionally referred to as the Land of the Rising Sun is Japan.

Question 6

The European Union has adopted which of the following as its common currency for many of its member countries?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The European Union is a major economic and political bloc, and many of its member states share a common currency. Knowing the name of this currency is essential for questions on international economics and current affairs. Given Data / Assumptions: The question is about the common currency adopted by many EU member states. Options are Dollar, Dinar, Yen, and Euro. Only one of these is actually used as the shared currency in the Eurozone. Concept / Approach: The subset of European Union countries that share a single currency are called the Eurozone. Their common currency, introduced in the late 1990s and early 2000s, is central to questions on regional integration and global finance. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the common currency used by many EU members is called the Euro.Step 2: The Dollar is the currency of countries such as the United States and is used by some others, but it is not the EU common currency.Step 3: The Dinar is used in various countries mainly in the Middle East and North Africa, not in the EU as a common currency.Step 4: The Yen is the currency of Japan.Step 5: Therefore, the only option that correctly names the EU common currency is Euro. Verification / Alternative check: Financial news, currency exchange boards, and economics textbooks consistently refer to the Euro as the currency used by the Eurozone member states within the European Union. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Dollar: Important globally but not the EU common currency.Dinar: Exists in certain non European countries, not as an EU wide currency.Yen: Officially used by Japan and unrelated to EU monetary union. Common Pitfalls: Most learners do not confuse this, but a small minority may rush and tick Dollar because of its global dominance, ignoring the specific mention of the European Union.Exam stress can also cause mix ups between Euro and other currencies if you do not read the question carefully. Final Answer: The European Union has adopted the Euro as the common currency for many of its member countries.

Question 7

In basic general knowledge on inventions in communication technology, the telegraphic code used in the earliest electric telegraph systems was introduced by which inventor?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The invention of the telegraph and the telegraphic code completely changed long distance communication in the nineteenth century. Before this breakthrough, messages could travel only as fast as ships, horses, or railways could move. The question tests basic history of science and technology, asking you to recall which inventor designed the code that allowed words and sentences to be sent over electric wires using short and long signals, often described as dots and dashes. Given Data / Assumptions: We are dealing with the early period of electric telegraphy. The focus is on the inventor of the telegraphic code itself, not simply any communication device. Options list four famous figures from the history of science and communication technology. Concept / Approach: To answer correctly, we need to connect each name with the specific invention they are known for. Samuel Morse is linked with the electric telegraph and the coding system that bears his name. Alexander Graham Bell is famous for the telephone. Guglielmo Marconi is linked with wireless telegraphy or radio. Michael Faraday is mainly associated with electromagnetism and electrical induction, not with a specific telegraphic code. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall which inventor is associated with Morse code, a system of dots and dashes. Step 2: Recognise that Morse code is the classic telegraphic code used in early wired telegraph systems. Step 3: Match this code with the name Samuel Morse, an American inventor and painter. Step 4: Check that the other options match different inventions and therefore cannot be correct for the telegraphic code. Verification / Alternative check: Another way to verify is to think of the phrase used in many textbooks and competitive exam guides, which usually refer to Morse code as the standard telegraphic code. No other code listed, such as any system by Bell or Marconi, is commonly used as the name for the standard telegraph coding system in early wired networks. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Alexander Graham Bell is best known for inventing the telephone, not for a telegraphic code. Guglielmo Marconi pioneered wireless telegraphy and radio transmission, but the question is about the original wired telegraphic code. Michael Faraday made fundamental discoveries in electricity and magnetism, such as electromagnetic induction, but he did not design the telegraphic code used for sending coded messages. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse Marconi with Morse since both worked with communication over distance. Others may pick Bell simply because he is a famous communication inventor. The key is to connect the word code with Morse code specifically. Final Answer: The telegraphic code used in the earliest electric telegraph systems was introduced by Samuel Morse.

Question 8

In Indian public policy related to road safety, the Good Samaritan Policy that encourages people to help road accident victims without fear was launched by which state or union territory government?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Good Samaritan laws and policies are designed to protect and encourage bystanders who help accident victims. In India, public fear about police questioning and legal formalities often stops people from assisting injured persons on the road. The Good Samaritan Policy mentioned in this question refers to a regional initiative that offers rewards and protection for such helpers. The question checks awareness of which state or union territory first launched this specific policy framework. Given Data / Assumptions: The policy is called the Good Samaritan Policy. It was launched by one Indian state or union territory government. The options list Delhi, Karnataka, Telangana, and Gujarat. The focus is on the first or well known early adopter of such a policy. Concept / Approach: We need to connect this policy with the region that publicised cash rewards and legal protection for people who take road accident victims to hospital. General awareness and current affairs sources often mention the Delhi government as a pioneer in this area, offering incentives and anonymity for Good Samaritans. Other states have strong road safety programmes but are not typically cited for this specific policy name in early initiatives. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall news about a regional government announcing cash rewards for people who rush road accident victims to hospital. Step 2: Remember that this scheme was widely associated with the Delhi government as a Good Samaritan initiative. Step 3: Compare with Karnataka, Telangana, and Gujarat, which are not usually mentioned as the first region under this policy name. Step 4: Conclude that Delhi is the correct choice. Verification / Alternative check: Many exam oriented current affairs compilations describe the Delhi government offering monetary rewards to Good Samaritans who help road accident victims. They specifically label it as a Good Samaritan Policy. Checking such reliable sources confirms that Delhi is the correct answer. Other states later adopted guidelines or similar schemes, but this question aims at the region whose policy gained early attention with this exact label. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Karnataka has road safety measures but is not commonly cited as the first region with a Good Samaritan Policy of this type. Telangana has traffic safety campaigns but is not associated with the original Good Samaritan reward policy described here. Gujarat is important in road and industrial policy, yet the name Good Samaritan Policy in the context of road accidents is not generally linked with it in standard general knowledge sources. Common Pitfalls: Candidates may guess based on their own state or confuse later national level guidelines with this specific local scheme. It is important to distinguish between central guidelines and regional pilot schemes that popularised the concept. Final Answer: The Good Samaritan Policy referred to in the question was launched by the Delhi government.

Question 9

In global political general knowledge, who has served as the long time President of Belarus, holding power continuously since the mid nineteen nineties?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Questions about heads of state and long serving leaders are common in competitive exams. Belarus, a country in Eastern Europe, is often cited as an example of a state with a very long serving president. The question tests whether you know the name of this leader and can distinguish him from leaders of other countries such as Russia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine. Given Data / Assumptions: The country is Belarus, an Eastern European nation. The position is that of President. The person has been in power since the mid nineteen nineties with long continuous rule. Options list four prominent political leaders from the region and beyond. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to match each name with the correct country and role. Alexander Lukashenko is associated with Belarus. Vladimir Putin is associated mainly with Russia. Nursultan Nazarbayev was the long serving leader of Kazakhstan. Petro Poroshenko was President of Ukraine for a period in the twenty first century. Only one of these names matches Belarus. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the question is about Belarus and its President. Step 2: Recall that Alexander Lukashenko became President of Belarus in the mid nineteen nineties and has remained in power for many years. Step 3: Note that Vladimir Putin is President or former President and Prime Minister of Russia, not Belarus. Step 4: Remember that Nursultan Nazarbayev led Kazakhstan and Petro Poroshenko led Ukraine, so they also do not fit Belarus. Step 5: Conclude that Alexander Lukashenko is the only option that correctly matches Belarus. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by simple association memory: whenever Belarus politics is discussed in news or international relations, the name Alexander Lukashenko almost always appears. This is reinforced by coverage of elections, protests, and relations with neighbouring countries and global powers. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Vladimir Putin is strongly linked to Russia, holding positions such as President and Prime Minister there. Nursultan Nazarbayev served as President of Kazakhstan for a long period and later as a national leader, but he is not connected to Belarus. Petro Poroshenko is a former President of Ukraine, associated with Ukrainian politics and not with Belarus. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse long serving leaders from the former Soviet region due to similar sounding news stories. The best way to avoid error is to connect each leader with a clear mental image of the correct national flag or map location. Final Answer: The long time President of Belarus is Alexander Lukashenko.

Question 10

In the context of Indian agriculture and economic development, the Green Revolution in India was mainly the outcome of the efforts and leadership of which agricultural scientist or expert?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The Green Revolution refers to the period in which India significantly increased food grain production through the use of high yielding varieties, fertilisers, irrigation, and improved farming practices. This transformation helped India move from chronic shortages and dependence on food imports towards self sufficiency in cereals. The question checks basic knowledge of who is widely called the architect of the Green Revolution in India. Given Data / Assumptions: The topic is the Green Revolution in India. We are asked about the key person whose efforts led to this transformation. Options include four well known Indian economists and professionals, but only one is an agricultural scientist directly associated with the Green Revolution. Concept / Approach: To answer this question, you must match professions and contributions. Dr M S Swaminathan is a renowned agricultural scientist who worked on high yielding wheat and rice varieties and promoted policies for their spread in India. The other names are associated with banking, monetary policy, or economic advisory roles, not with the original Green Revolution research and field work. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the Green Revolution involved high yielding varieties of wheat and rice and scientific farm practices. Step 2: Connect this with M S Swaminathan, who collaborated with international scientists and led efforts within India. Step 3: Recognise that Dr C Rangarajan is known for work with the Reserve Bank and economic policy, not for agronomy. Step 4: Note that K V Kamath is a banking leader associated with major financial institutions, and Dr Rakesh Mohan is an economist and policy expert. Step 5: Conclude that Dr M S Swaminathan is the only correct choice. Verification / Alternative check: Standard history and general knowledge books repeatedly refer to Dr M S Swaminathan as the father of the Green Revolution in India. His efforts linked research, seed distribution, and policy intervention, making him central to the movement. None of the other names is ever given that title in mainstream references. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Dr C Rangarajan is known for central banking and economic advisory roles, not for agricultural revolutions. K V Kamath is a prominent banker and corporate leader, with no direct role in Green Revolution research. Dr Rakesh Mohan is an economist and policy maker, again not associated with the scientific crop yield breakthrough. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may recognise the other names as famous and guess incorrectly if they do not carefully remember the field of contribution. Always link major revolutions in agriculture with agricultural scientists rather than with finance or macroeconomics experts. Final Answer: The Green Revolution in India is mainly associated with the efforts of Dr M S Swaminathan.

Question 11

In world geography, which water body separates the continent of Africa from the continent of Europe along their closest approach?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Many basic geography questions ask about the seas and straits that separate continents. Africa and Europe lie close to each other, and understanding which water body lies between them helps in visualising maps and important trade routes. This question tests whether you can correctly identify the water body separating north Africa from southern Europe. Given Data / Assumptions: The continents involved are Africa and Europe. The question is about the water body that separates them, not about internal seas of other regions. Options include the Red Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Persian Gulf. Concept / Approach: Looking at any world map, you can see that northern Africa faces southern Europe across a large inland sea. This is the Mediterranean Sea, which connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar. The Red Sea separates Africa from the Arabian Peninsula in Asia. The Persian Gulf lies between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran in Asia. The Atlantic Ocean lies further west of both Africa and Europe and is much wider than the narrow separation in question. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Visualise the map of Europe and Africa and focus on the region where southern Europe meets northern Africa. Step 2: Recall that countries like Spain, France, Italy, and Greece lie on the northern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Step 3: Recall that countries like Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt lie on the southern shores of the same sea. Step 4: Conclude that the Mediterranean Sea is the water body separating Europe and Africa at their closest points. Verification / Alternative check: Another check is to think about famous straits. The Strait of Gibraltar is where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean between Spain in Europe and Morocco in Africa. Since this point is explicitly between Europe and Africa and still part of the Mediterranean system, it confirms that the Mediterranean is the relevant water body. Why Other Options Are Wrong: The Red Sea separates north east Africa from the Arabian Peninsula in Asia, not from Europe. The Atlantic Ocean separates the Americas from Europe and Africa across a wide ocean, but the direct narrow separation between Europe and Africa uses the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar Strait, not the open Atlantic alone. The Persian Gulf lies between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula, entirely within the Asian region. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes choose the Atlantic Ocean because it also touches both continents. The question, however, is about the immediate separation across the narrowest distance, which is clearly through the Mediterranean Sea and the connecting straits. Final Answer: The continent of Africa is separated from Europe mainly by the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 12

In modern Indian history, on which date did the All India Muslim League declare Direct Action Day to press its demand for a separate state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Direct Action Day was a crucial event in the last phase of British rule in India. Declared by the All India Muslim League under Muhammad Ali Jinnah, it was intended to show the strength of support for the demand for a separate Muslim homeland. The day is remembered for widespread communal riots, especially in Calcutta. This question asks for the exact date on which Direct Action Day was observed. Given Data / Assumptions: The event is Direct Action Day. It was declared by the All India Muslim League. All options fall within the year 1946, which is just before independence. We must choose the correct day and month combination. Concept / Approach: To answer this question, you need a precise recall of modern Indian history dates. Direct Action Day is strongly associated with the date sixteen August nineteen forty six. Remembering this date can be aided by linking it with the Great Calcutta Killings that followed the call for direct action. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Direct Action Day is linked with mass protests and communal violence in 1946. Step 2: Remember the exact date mentioned in standard history texts: sixteen August nineteen forty six. Step 3: Match this with option B, which reads 16th August 1946. Step 4: Verify that none of the other dates has a known association with Direct Action Day. Verification / Alternative check: A second way to confirm is to recall that the Cabinet Mission Plan debates and related events were active during mid 1946. Direct Action Day was deliberately chosen during that period as a strong political signal, and history books consistently cite sixteen August nineteen forty six as the relevant date. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 3rd September 1946 does not match the historical date of Direct Action Day and is not associated with the famous riots. 16th May 1946 is around the time of the Cabinet Mission arrival but is not the day of the Direct Action call. 4th December 1946 falls well after Direct Action Day events and does not feature as a key political milestone of that kind. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse sixteen August with dates from other freedom movement events or pick an option that feels roughly similar. It is important to carefully memorise a few landmark dates such as Jallianwala Bagh, Quit India, and Direct Action Day separately so they do not get mixed. Final Answer: Direct Action Day was observed on 16th August 1946.

Question 13

In Indian sports history, who is widely recognised as the first Indian woman athlete to participate in the Olympic Games?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Questions on first achievements in Indian sports are very common in general knowledge exams. These include first medals, first world records, and first appearances in major events such as the Olympic Games. This question focuses on the first Indian woman who actually took part in Olympic competition, an important milestone for the participation of women from India in international athletics. Given Data / Assumptions: The event is the Olympic Games. The focus is on Indian women participants. We must identify who was the first Indian woman to compete, not the first to win a medal. Options include four well known Indian women athletes and sportspersons. Concept / Approach: To answer correctly, distinguish between first participation and later high profile medal success. Nilima Ghose was one of the earliest Indian women to participate in the Olympics, appearing at the Helsinki Games in the early nineteen fifties. P T Usha, Karnam Malleswari, and Mary Kom are legendary sports figures, but they came later and are remembered for near medal or medal performances, not for being the first woman entrant. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Nilima Ghose competed in track events for India at an early Olympic Games in the twentieth century. Step 2: Recognise that P T Usha is associated with the Los Angeles nineteen eighty four Olympics and is known as the sprint queen, not the first Indian woman at the Olympics. Step 3: Remember that Karnam Malleswari became famous for winning a weightlifting bronze at Sydney two thousand, long after the first appearance of Indian women in Olympic history. Step 4: Note that Mary Kom is a boxing champion whose Olympic involvement is even more recent. Step 5: Conclude that Nilima Ghose must be the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Many sports general knowledge references mention that Nilima Ghose and Mary D Souza were among the first Indian women to compete at the Olympics, with Nilima Ghose often listed as the first because her event took place earlier in the competition schedule. This supports choosing her name when a single first is required. Why Other Options Are Wrong: P T Usha is a legendary runner but started Olympic participation decades after Nilima Ghose. Karnam Malleswari is the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal, not the first to participate. Mary Kom is famous for boxing world championships and later Olympic participation, again much later in time. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse first participation with first medal and pick Karnam Malleswari. Others may choose P T Usha due to her fame in school textbooks. It is important to remember that Nilima Ghose broke the initial barrier for Indian women at the Olympics. Final Answer: The first Indian woman to participate in the Olympic Games was Nilima Ghose.

Question 14

In the evolution of computer technology, during which generation of computers were machine size and physical volume very large compared to later generations?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Computer history is often divided into generations based on the main electronic components used and the overall characteristics of the machines. One important difference across generations is physical size. Early computers filled entire rooms, while modern systems fit on desks or even inside pockets. The question asks you to recall which generation had very large machine size compared with later ones. Given Data / Assumptions: Four generations are mentioned, from first to fourth. We focus on the relative size of the computers. Earlier generations used less compact technology than later ones. Concept / Approach: First generation computers used vacuum tubes as the primary switching devices. Vacuum tubes generate a lot of heat, consume significant power, and require a large amount of physical space. Second generation computers used transistors, which are smaller and more efficient. Third generation machines used integrated circuits, shrinking size further. Fourth generation systems used very large scale integration chips, producing small, powerful, and compact computers. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that first generation computers used vacuum tubes. Step 2: Understand that vacuum tube based machines such as ENIAC and UNIVAC occupied large rooms. Step 3: Remember that second generation computers used transistors and were smaller than first generation systems. Step 4: Note that with integrated circuits and microprocessors in the third and fourth generations, size kept decreasing. Step 5: Conclude that the generation with very large size is the first generation. Verification / Alternative check: You can quickly verify by thinking of photographs of early computers. They show huge cabinets, large panels of vacuum tubes, and multiple racks. These images always belong to first generation mainframes. Later office computers and personal computers are clearly much smaller, confirming the answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Second generation computers with transistors were still large but noticeably smaller and more reliable than vacuum tube systems. Third generation computers with integrated circuits were compact enough for more practical office use. Fourth generation computers using microprocessors introduced modern desktop and laptop sizes, which are far from very large. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes learners get confused between first and second generation sizes since both are much larger than modern systems. The safe rule is to link vacuum tubes with huge room sized computers and to treat this as the clear indicator of first generation size. Final Answer: The generation in which computers were very large in size was the first generation.

Question 15

According to major global health studies on environment and mortality, which country has been ranked as having the highest number of pollution related deaths in recent assessments?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Environmental health questions often ask about the impact of pollution on human mortality. Research reports and international studies have highlighted that some countries experience very large numbers of pollution related deaths due to air, water, and soil contamination. This question focuses on which country has been reported as having the highest number of such deaths in recent global analyses. Given Data / Assumptions: The topic is pollution related deaths, not general population size alone. We are asked about the country with the highest absolute number of deaths attributed to pollution. Options include Australia, Indonesia, India, and Japan. We assume reference to widely cited global studies such as the Lancet Commission on pollution and health. Concept / Approach: Pollution related deaths are influenced by population size, industrialisation level, and environmental regulation. India has a very large population and severe challenges with air and water pollution. Studies have repeatedly shown that India records the greatest number of pollution linked deaths in absolute terms, although rates per lakh population may differ for different countries. Australia and Japan have stricter environmental controls and lower population. Indonesia has serious pollution issues but smaller population than India. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall reports that discuss global rankings of pollution related deaths. Step 2: Remember that India and China often appear at the top in absolute numbers, with India frequently highlighted as having the largest count in certain years. Step 3: Check the options and see that China is not listed, but India is present. Step 4: Compare with Australia, Indonesia, and Japan, which have lower populations and generally fewer recorded deaths in such studies. Step 5: Conclude that India is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by remembering news items on major pollution related studies. They often report that India tops the list of countries with the greatest number of deaths linked to pollution, especially in air quality reports. These findings are widely quoted in newspapers and exam oriented current affairs materials. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Australia has a small population and strong environmental regulations, leading to relatively fewer pollution related deaths. Indonesia does face air and water pollution problems, but its population and recorded deaths are still lower than those of India in most global rankings. Japan has advanced technology and strict environmental laws, which help keep pollution related mortality lower compared to the worst affected countries. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may guess Indonesia because of news about forest fires and haze, or Japan due to industrial development. However, when considering absolute numbers on a national scale, India is clearly ahead in the context mentioned by major studies. Final Answer: The country ranked number one in pollution related deaths in major recent studies is India.

Question 16

In Indian aviation and infrastructure, which airport has been renamed in honour of Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay and is now known as Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Airport?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Important airports, railway stations, and public institutions in India are often renamed to honour national leaders and thinkers. Questions in general knowledge frequently ask which location was renamed after a specific person. This question focuses on Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay, a prominent philosopher and leader, and asks which airport now carries his name. Given Data / Assumptions: The honour is an airport renamed as Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Airport. Options list Gorakhpur, Delhi, Gujarat, and Agra. Only one of these correctly matches the official renaming. Concept / Approach: To answer correctly, you should recall news about airport renaming in Uttar Pradesh. Agra Airport, serving the famous city with the Taj Mahal, was officially renamed as Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Airport. The other locations in the options have different names for their principal airports, such as Indira Gandhi International Airport for Delhi and other region specific names for Gorakhpur and airports in Gujarat. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the city associated with Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Airport is in Uttar Pradesh. Step 2: Consider each option: Gorakhpur and Agra are cities in Uttar Pradesh, while Delhi is a union territory and Gujarat is a state. Step 3: Remember that Delhi main airport is called Indira Gandhi International Airport and has not been renamed for Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay. Step 4: Check that Agra Airport is officially renamed as Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Airport. Step 5: Conclude that Agra is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Checking standard general knowledge references or government notifications on renaming of airports confirms that Agra Airport bears this name. Such facts are widely reported in news articles whenever a renaming takes place, and these are commonly compiled in exam guides. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Gorakhpur has its own airport, but it is not commonly known as Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Airport in official notifications. Delhi international airport is named after Indira Gandhi and this name is firmly established. Gujarat is a state with multiple airports such as those in Ahmedabad and Vadodara, but none is individually named Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Airport in standard general knowledge references. Common Pitfalls: Confusion can arise because there are also railway stations and other infrastructure named after Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay, which may be located in different cities. Candidates should carefully remember which specific facility, such as an airport or station, belongs to which city. Final Answer: The airport named Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Airport is located in Agra.

Question 17

In physical geography of rivers, which major river of the world crosses the equator two times during its course?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Rivers and their courses often feature in competitive exam questions, especially when they have unusual paths such as crossing the equator or changing direction. One of the world's great rivers is famous because it crosses the equator twice as it winds through central Africa. This question asks you to identify that river. Given Data / Assumptions: We are asked about a river that crosses the equator two times. Options include the Yangtze, Congo, Nile, and Amazon. Only one of these rivers has a course that goes from one hemisphere to the other and back again. Concept / Approach: To answer, visualise the world map and focus on equatorial regions. The Congo River flows through central Africa, forming a large arc that crosses the equator southwards and then again northwards. The Nile flows mainly from south to north but does not cross the equator twice. The Amazon flows in South America, entirely south of the equator, although parts of its basin lie close to it. The Yangtze is a major river of China in the northern hemisphere and does not cross the equator at all. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the equator runs around zero degrees latitude and passes through central Africa and South America. Step 2: Recall that the Congo River basin lies in central Africa and that the river path loops across the equator twice. Step 3: Remember that the Nile River originates near the equator but continues north without recrossing. Step 4: Note that the Amazon River is in South America and remains on the southern side of the equator for most of its significant course. Step 5: Conclude that the river crossing the equator twice is the Congo. Verification / Alternative check: Atlas maps and geography textbooks often highlight the Congo as a unique example of a river that crosses the equator two times. When revising map based questions, verifying this fact becomes easy by tracing the river path on a globe or detailed map. Why Other Options Are Wrong: The Yangtze is entirely located in China within the northern hemisphere and never reaches the equator. The Nile crosses the equator once near its sources in east Africa but then flows northward across the tropics into the Mediterranean without looping back. The Amazon is a powerful equatorial river in South America but primarily runs just south of the equator and does not cross it twice. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes choose the Amazon because it is the largest river by discharge and is associated with the equatorial forests, but the question is about crossing the equator twice, which is a distinctive feature of the Congo. Final Answer: The river that crosses the equator two times is the Congo River.

Question 18

In Indian urban transport history, which city had the first operational metro rail system in India?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Metro rail systems are now a common part of public transport in many Indian cities, but the first such system was a pioneering project that laid the foundation for modern urban rail networks in the country. This question checks whether you know which Indian city started the first metro rail service, an important milestone in transport infrastructure. Given Data / Assumptions: The topic is metro rail systems in India. We need to identify the first city where metro operations began. Options list Kolkata, Hyderabad, Delhi, and Mumbai. Concept / Approach: Kolkata Metro is recognised as the first underground metro system in India. Its construction began in the nineteen seventies and services started in the nineteen eighties. Delhi Metro, though more extensive and widely known today, came later and was inaugurated in the early two thousands. Hyderabad and Mumbai also have metro systems, but these are more recent additions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall from general knowledge that Kolkata Metro is often called India's first metro. Step 2: Note that Delhi Metro is famous for its scale and modernity but began operations much later than Kolkata. Step 3: Remember that Hyderabad Metro and Mumbai Metro are even more recent projects. Step 4: Therefore, identify Kolkata as the first operational metro rail city in India. Verification / Alternative check: Reviewing standard GK books or trivia on Indian transport confirms that Kolkata Metro is consistently listed as the country's first metro rail system. Newspaper articles on metro expansions also commonly mention Kolkata as the pioneer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Delhi Metro is the first modern large scale metro built with international collaboration, but it is not the first metro rail in the historical timeline. Hyderabad Metro came long after both Kolkata and Delhi and cannot be the first. Mumbai Metro is relatively new and focuses largely on elevated corridors, again not the earliest system. Common Pitfalls: Because Delhi Metro is so widely used and publicised, many test takers wrongly assume it was also the first. Paying attention to historical sequence rather than current popularity helps avoid this mistake. Final Answer: The first metro rail system in India was started in Kolkata.

Question 19

Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) has launched an E wallet scheme for easier online ticket payments. This facility is available only for which type of registered users?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: IRCTC, the online ticketing arm of Indian Railways, has introduced several features to make ticket booking smoother. One such feature is the E wallet, which allows users to deposit money in advance and use it for faster payments. This question checks whether you know which category of users is eligible to use the IRCTC E wallet facility according to the basic rules of registration. Given Data / Assumptions: The scheme is IRCTC E wallet, used for ticket payments. The facility is restricted to a particular type of verified user. Options list PAN verified users, Aadhaar card holders, Voter ID card holders, and None of these. Concept / Approach: IRCTC E wallet is designed to reduce payment gateway dependency and to improve security and traceability of transactions. For this reason, IRCTC requires strong identity verification before activating the E wallet service. The scheme specifically asks users to provide Permanent Account Number details and complete PAN verification. Aadhaar or Voter ID are general identity documents but are not the sole requirement for E wallet activation in the basic description of the scheme. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that IRCTC E wallet requires a one time registration fee and identity verification. Step 2: Remember that the identity proof used for this purpose, as described in general knowledge references, is the PAN card. Step 3: Recognise that IRCTC emphasises PAN verification for financial compliance and tax tracking. Step 4: Therefore, understand that the facility is described as being available for PAN verified users. Verification / Alternative check: Numerous exam guides and IRCTC help documents mention that to use E wallet, users must be PAN verified. They pay a registration fee and upload PAN details for approval. Aadhaar and Voter ID may be used as general identity proofs for account creation but are not specified as the unique eligibility requirement for the E wallet feature. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Aadhaar card holders may register on IRCTC, but Aadhaar alone is not highlighted as the necessary condition for E wallet usage. Voter ID card holders similarly have identity proof but the E wallet condition is not defined solely around Voter ID verification. None of these is wrong because there is a clear specific category mentioned, which is PAN verified users. Common Pitfalls: Test takers sometimes select Aadhaar because of its strong role in identity verification across many schemes. However, E wallet is directly linked to financial transactions, where PAN details are especially important, so remembering that distinction is crucial. Final Answer: The IRCTC E wallet scheme is available only for PAN verified users.

Question 20

In world geography and political maps, which country is recognised as the smallest independent country in the world by area?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Questions on extremes such as largest and smallest countries, longest rivers, and highest mountains are standard in general knowledge sections. Here, the focus is on the smallest independent country in the world in terms of land area. This tiny country is unique because it is located entirely within a city of another country and has great religious significance. Given Data / Assumptions: We are asked for the smallest independent country by area. Options list Canada, Australia, Maldives, and Vatican City. We assume standard international recognition of states. Concept / Approach: Canada and Australia are both very large countries by area and can be eliminated immediately. Maldives is a small island nation in the Indian Ocean, but it still has a much larger area than the smallest microstate. Vatican City is an independent city state within Rome, Italy, and is widely known as the smallest country in the world by both area and population. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Eliminate Canada and Australia, since they are among the largest countries in area. Step 2: Compare Maldives and Vatican City, both of which are small states. Step 3: Recall that Maldives has many islands spread over a large ocean area, making it small but still much bigger than a city block sized country. Step 4: Recognise that Vatican City is a tiny landlocked city state surrounded by Rome and is universally described as the smallest country. Step 5: Choose Vatican City as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Standard geography references and world fact books list Vatican City at the very top when ranking countries by smallest area. It covers less than one square kilometre and is the spiritual and administrative centre of the Roman Catholic Church. This confirms its status as the smallest independent state. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Canada is the second largest country in the world by area and therefore clearly not the smallest. Australia is also one of the largest countries and continents, far from being the smallest. Maldives is a small nation but still many times larger than Vatican City. It cannot compete with Vatican City in terms of minimal land area. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may confuse the smallest country with the smallest island nation and pick Maldives. Remember that the smallest country by area is a landlocked city state inside another country, not a scattered island group. Final Answer: The smallest independent country in the world by area is Vatican City.

Basic General Knowledge Questions