Question 1

In Indian economic current affairs, in which of the following states was the first Mega Food Park of Gujarat inaugurated at Surat under the Mega Food Park scheme of the Government of India?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Mega Food Parks are part of a flagship scheme of the Ministry of Food Processing Industries aimed at creating integrated facilities for processing, storage and distribution of agricultural produce. General knowledge and current affairs questions often ask where the first park in a particular state was inaugurated. Gujarat received its first Mega Food Park at Surat, and this question focuses on identifying the correct state from the given options. Given Data / Assumptions: The question mentions the first Mega Food Park of Gujarat and states that it was inaugurated at Surat. We are asked to select the Indian state where this Mega Food Park is located. The options list four states: Gujarat, Karnataka, Punjab and Telangana. We assume standard political geography where Surat is a well known city of Gujarat. Concept / Approach: The approach is straightforward geographic recall. Surat is a major industrial and commercial city on the western coast of India. It is widely known as a diamond and textile hub, and it lies within the state of Gujarat. When the first Mega Food Park of Gujarat was inaugurated at Surat, the park by definition lay inside Gujarat. Therefore the correct state must be Gujarat, and the other states act as plausible distractors for those who are less familiar with Indian geography or the specific current affairs news item. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Identify the key clue: the first Mega Food Park of Gujarat was inaugurated at Surat. 2. Recall from basic geography that Surat is a major city located in the state of Gujarat on the western coast of India. 3. Match the city of Surat to its correct state among the options given. 4. Among Gujarat, Karnataka, Punjab and Telangana, only Gujarat is the state that actually contains the city of Surat. 5. Conclude that the first Mega Food Park of Gujarat, inaugurated at Surat, must be in the state of Gujarat. Verification / Alternative check: If one is unsure of Surat location, an atlas, school textbook map or any basic online map shows Surat clearly positioned within Gujarat along the Arabian Sea coast. News reports about the inauguration of the first Mega Food Park for Gujarat at Surat also repeatedly describe the project as Gujarat first Mega Food Park, confirming that both the park and the city lie within the boundaries of Gujarat. No credible source places Surat in Karnataka, Punjab or Telangana. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Karnataka is a southern state whose well known cities include Bengaluru, Mangaluru, Mysuru and others, but Surat is not in Karnataka. Punjab is a northern state on the Indo Pakistan border; it has cities like Amritsar and Ludhiana, but not Surat. Telangana is a state in southern India with Hyderabad as its capital, and it has its own separate first Mega Food Park, which is not the one at Surat. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse Surat with other industrial cities such as Bengaluru or Hyderabad, especially when the question mentions schemes that many states share. Another common error is to focus on the phrase first Mega Food Park and try to recall a different news item about some other state. The safest method is to anchor the answer on the well known fact that Surat is a city in Gujarat, which directly leads to the correct option. Reading too quickly and ignoring the city name may result in an incorrect guess. Final Answer: The first Mega Food Park of Gujarat, inaugurated at Surat, is located in the state of Gujarat.

Question 2

During Diwali celebrations in 2018, which special event entered the Guinness Book of World Records for lighting an extraordinary number of oil lamps along the riverfront to mark the festival of lights?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Diwali, the festival of lights, is celebrated across India with lamps, fireworks and cultural events. In recent years, several state governments have organised large scale public celebrations that seek recognition from record keeping bodies such as the Guinness Book of World Records. One such high profile event was organised in Ayodhya and became famous for lighting an enormous number of earthen lamps along the riverfront, gaining world record recognition and extensive media coverage. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers specifically to Diwali celebrations in the year 2018. It asks which named event entered the Guinness Book of World Records for lighting an extraordinary number of oil lamps. The options list Ayodhya Deepotsav and several similarly named events such as Har Har Gange Deepotsav and Varanasi Deepotsav. We assume the record concerns a state sponsored event associated with the Uttar Pradesh government. Concept / Approach: The approach is to connect current affairs with geography and culture. The government of Uttar Pradesh organised a large scale celebration in Ayodhya called Ayodhya Deepotsav, featuring lakhs of diyas on the banks of the Sarayu river and in surrounding areas. In 2018 this event received Guinness recognition for lighting a record number of oil lamps simultaneously. Recognising the name of the event that achieved this record allows us to select the correct option. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Note the key clues: Diwali celebrations, the year 2018, and entry into the Guinness Book of World Records for oil lamps. 2. Recall that the government of Uttar Pradesh began hosting an annual celebration in Ayodhya known as Ayodhya Deepotsav. 3. In 2018, this event lit several lakhs of diyas along the riverfront and in the city, and Guinness adjudicators certified a world record in terms of the number of lamps lit simultaneously. 4. Among the options, Ayodhya Deepotsav is the only event that is both named this way and specifically associated with the 2018 Guinness record for Diwali lamps. 5. Therefore, select Ayodhya Deepotsav as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: News reports from 2018 confirm that Ayodhya Deepotsav, organised by the Uttar Pradesh government, received a Guinness World Record certificate for lighting an unprecedented number of earthen lamps. Images and official statements mention Ayodhya and the Sarayu river specifically. Other riverfront celebrations, such as events in Varanasi, also feature diyas and cultural programmes but did not receive the same Guinness recognition in 2018 for a lamp lighting record of this scale, which reinforces the conclusion that Ayodhya Deepotsav is the correct event. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Har Har Gange Deepotsav sounds like a celebration connected with the Ganga river but does not refer to the specific Ayodhya event that obtained the Guinness record in 2018. Varanasi Deepotsav would logically refer to a festival in Varanasi, a different city on the Ganga, and is not the one recognised by Guinness in 2018 for this particular lamp record. Ganga Deepotsav is a generic sounding name and is not the official title of the Ayodhya event that entered the Guinness Book of World Records in that year. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to confuse Ayodhya with Varanasi because both cities are in Uttar Pradesh and associated with major Hindu religious traditions and riverfront Aarti ceremonies. Another pitfall is to focus only on the word Ganga and assume that the record must relate to an event explicitly named after the river. Candidates may also overlook the specific year 2018 and mix it up with later record attempts. Careful attention to the name Ayodhya Deepotsav and its widely publicised Guinness recognition helps avoid these errors. Final Answer: The Diwali event that entered the Guinness Book of World Records in 2018 for lighting a record number of oil lamps was Ayodhya Deepotsav.

Question 3

In the history of modern Indian social and religious reform movements, who gave the famous motto "Go Back to the Vedas" to encourage a return to the original Vedic teachings?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Modern Indian history includes many social and religious reform movements that tried to address social evils and reinterpret religious traditions. One important movement was the Arya Samaj, founded in the nineteenth century. Its founder coined the slogan "Go Back to the Vedas" to stress that many later practices were corruptions and that society should return to what he considered the pure teachings of the Vedas. This slogan and its author often appear in competitive exam questions on social reform in India. Given Data / Assumptions: The motto in the question is exactly "Go Back to the Vedas". The options include Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Swami Vivekananda and None of the above. The context is Indian religious and social reform movements. We assume the question refers to well established textbook associations between reformers and their slogans. Concept / Approach: The key is to match the correct reformer with the slogan. Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 and strongly argued that many later customs and rituals were distortions of original Vedic religion. He therefore urged Hindus to return to the foundational scriptures, summarising this idea in the phrase "Go Back to the Vedas". Ramakrishna and Vivekananda were also major spiritual figures, but they used different emphases and slogans, so we need to distinguish between these personalities clearly. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that Swami Dayananda Saraswati was a nineteenth century reformer who founded the Arya Samaj. 2. Remember that his movement promoted the authority of the Vedas and rejected idol worship, caste based discrimination and many social evils. 3. The motto "Go Back to the Vedas" captures his idea that Hindus should return to the original scriptures for guidance rather than later customs. 4. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was a mystic whose teachings focused on spiritual experience and harmony of religions, but he did not promote this specific motto. 5. Swami Vivekananda was a disciple of Ramakrishna and became famous for speeches on universal religion and nationalism, again with different messages and slogans. 6. Therefore, the correct match for the motto "Go Back to the Vedas" is Swami Dayananda Saraswati. Verification / Alternative check: Standard Indian history textbooks and exam guides consistently link the motto "Go Back to the Vedas" with Swami Dayananda Saraswati. Descriptions of the Arya Samaj emphasise his campaign to cleanse Hindu society of superstitions by returning to the original Vedic teachings. References to Ramakrishna and Vivekananda focus on different ideas such as practical Vedanta, service to humanity and the unity of religions. This consistent association across multiple sources confirms that Swami Dayananda Saraswati is the author of the motto. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Ramakrishna Paramahamsa inspired many disciples through his personal spiritual experiences but is not recorded as having used the slogan "Go Back to the Vedas" in reform campaigns. Swami Vivekananda emphasised service to man as service to God and spoke about awakening India, but he did not coin this particular motto about returning to the Vedas. None of the above is incorrect because there is a well known and specific match between the slogan and Swami Dayananda Saraswati. Common Pitfalls: Because all three named figures are associated with Hindu reform and revival, students sometimes confuse which slogan belongs to whom. Some may wrongly attribute the motto to Vivekananda because he frequently quoted the Upanishads and spoke of Vedanta. Others may guess that a mystic like Ramakrishna introduced the phrase because it mentions the Vedas. The best way to avoid this confusion is to memorise key one line associations: Arya Samaj and "Go Back to the Vedas" belong to Swami Dayananda Saraswati, while Vivekananda is linked with speeches such as his Chicago address and slogans about practical Vedanta and service. Final Answer: The famous motto "Go Back to the Vedas" was given by the Arya Samaj founder Swami Dayananda Saraswati.

Question 4

In Indian political history, which national leader is popularly known by the honorific title "Architect of Modern India" because of his role in shaping the political and economic foundations of the country after independence?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: After independence, India needed strong leadership to build institutions, frame policies and set long term goals for development. Certain leaders are remembered by honorific titles that highlight their contributions. One such title is "Architect of Modern India", which reflects the central role played by a particular leader in shaping the planning process, foreign policy and institutions of governance in the early decades after independence. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks which leader is popularly known as the "Architect of Modern India". The options list Vallabhbhai Patel, Subhas Chandra Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru and None of the above. We assume the question refers to commonly used textbook level titles rather than rare alternate opinions. We also understand that several leaders had important roles, but we are looking for the one most associated with this specific title. Concept / Approach: Jawaharlal Nehru, India first Prime Minister, led the country for many years after independence. He promoted planned economic development through Five Year Plans, emphasised scientific temper, established major institutions of higher education and research, and followed a distinctive foreign policy of non alignment. These contributions led many historians and commentators to call him the "Architect of Modern India". Vallabhbhai Patel is widely known as the "Iron Man of India" for integrating princely states, and Subhas Chandra Bose is remembered for leading the Indian National Army, but those titles are different. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that Jawaharlal Nehru served as Prime Minister from independence until 1964 and guided early nation building. 2. Recognise that he championed industrialisation, public sector undertakings, scientific research and higher education through institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology. 3. Understand that because of this central role in planning and modern state building, he is often described as the "Architect of Modern India". 4. Vallabhbhai Patel is primarily associated with the title "Iron Man of India" and with political integration, not with this modernist planning title. 5. Subhas Chandra Bose is associated with the Indian National Army and slogans like "Give me blood and I will give you freedom", not with the "Architect of Modern India" phrase. 6. Therefore, the correct match is Jawaharlal Nehru. Verification / Alternative check: School textbooks, competitive exam guides and popular histories consistently apply the phrase "Architect of Modern India" to Jawaharlal Nehru. In contrast, Vallabhbhai Patel chapter headings focus on integration of states and law and order, while Subhas Chandra Bose is highlighted as a revolutionary nationalist and military leader. These repeated associations across multiple standard sources confirm that Jawaharlal Nehru is the correct answer for this particular honorary title. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Vallabhbhai Patel played a vital role as Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister and is honoured as the "Iron Man of India", but he is not usually described as the "Architect of Modern India". Subhas Chandra Bose is admired for his revolutionary approach and leadership of the Indian National Army, yet the specific phrase in the question is not usually attached to him. None of the above is incorrect because there is a clear historical convention linking the title to Jawaharlal Nehru. Common Pitfalls: Some students confuse honorific titles because several leaders contributed to building the modern nation. Others may overemphasise Patel role in integration and assume the architectural metaphor refers to unifying states. To avoid such errors, it is helpful to remember a few classic associations: Nehru as "Architect of Modern India", Patel as "Iron Man of India" and "Unifier of India", and Bose as a symbol of militant nationalism. Matching each leader with these standard titles makes such questions easier to answer accurately. Final Answer: The leader popularly known as the "Architect of Modern India" is Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 5

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the first multi modal terminal for inland waterways at Varanasi under the Jal Marg Vikas project. On which river is this important terminal located?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: As part of efforts to develop inland waterways, India has invested in multi modal terminals that integrate river transport with road and rail networks. One of the most prominent of these is at Varanasi and was inaugurated by the Prime Minister. Questions on this topic test both knowledge of infrastructure projects and basic Indian geography, especially awareness of which river flows through a given city. Given Data / Assumptions: The question mentions a multi modal terminal at Varanasi. It asks on which river this terminal is located. The options list Ganga, Godavari, Yamuna and Krishna. We assume that the terminal is part of National Waterway 1, which connects the Ganga to other regions. Concept / Approach: Varanasi is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and is famous for its ghats on the river Ganga. For inland water transport, the Ganga is a crucial waterway in northern India. The multi modal terminal at Varanasi is therefore located on the Ganga, as part of a project to develop navigation between Haldia and Varanasi. The approach is to connect the city name to its major river and select that river from the options. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Note that the terminal in question lies in the city of Varanasi. 2. Recall from basic geography that Varanasi is a historic city situated on the banks of the river Ganga in Uttar Pradesh. 3. Understand that the Jal Marg Vikas project aims to improve navigability of the Ganga between Haldia and Varanasi. 4. Among the options Ganga, Godavari, Yamuna and Krishna, only Ganga is the river that flows through Varanasi. 5. Therefore, the multi modal terminal at Varanasi must be located on the Ganga. Verification / Alternative check: Any school atlas or map of India confirms that Varanasi is on the Ganga. Official releases about the terminal inauguration also state that it is part of National Waterway 1 on the Ganga. In contrast, the Godavari flows through states such as Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, the Yamuna through cities like Delhi and Agra, and the Krishna through parts of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh or Telangana. None of these rivers match the location of Varanasi. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Godavari is a major river of central and southern India but does not pass through Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. Yamuna is an important tributary of the Ganga and flows through Delhi and Agra, but Varanasi lies on the main Ganga channel, not on the Yamuna. Krishna is a southern river flowing through Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh or Telangana, and has no connection with Varanasi. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse rivers associated with different cities, especially when multiple famous rivers are listed together. Another pitfall is mixing up river based projects such as those on the Ganga with similar sounding schemes involving the Godavari or other rivers. To avoid these mistakes, it is helpful to fix a few strong associations in memory: Varanasi with the Ganga, Allahabad or Prayagraj with the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati, and Hyderabad with the Musi. This makes such questions much easier. Final Answer: The first multi modal terminal at Varanasi under the inland waterways project is located on the river Ganga.

Question 6

In recent international customs cooperation news, the regional meeting of the World Customs Organization (WCO) for the Asia and Pacific region was hosted in which Indian city?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental body that coordinates customs matters globally. From time to time, it organises regional meetings for heads of customs administrations to discuss trade facilitation, enforcement and modernisation. When such an event is hosted in India, it becomes a popular topic for current affairs questions, especially in examinations related to civil services, customs and trade. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to a regional meeting of the World Customs Organization. It asks in which Indian city this regional meeting was hosted. The options given are Kolkata, Bengaluru, Jaipur and Hyderabad. We assume this refers to the Asia and Pacific regional heads meeting that India hosted recently. Concept / Approach: The key is to link the WCO regional meeting with the specific host city within India. Media reports and official releases from the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs highlighted that the regional meeting of WCO for Asia and Pacific was held in Jaipur, Rajasthan. By recalling this association between WCO and Jaipur, we can identify the correct option. The other cities listed are large and plausible but are not the location of this particular meeting. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Focus on the phrase regional meeting of the World Customs Organization for the Asia and Pacific region. 2. Recall from current affairs that India hosted such a meeting and that it took place in Jaipur. 3. Among the four options, identify Jaipur as one of the choices. 4. Compare with the remaining options Kolkata, Bengaluru and Hyderabad; none of these were reported as the host city for this particular WCO regional meeting. 5. Conclude that Jaipur is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Press releases from the Indian government and coverage in business newspapers mention that Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan, was chosen as the venue for the meeting of regional heads of customs administrations of the Asia Pacific region under the WCO. These reports describe delegates from many member countries gathering in Jaipur to discuss customs cooperation. There are no credible reports suggesting that Kolkata, Bengaluru or Hyderabad hosted this same WCO regional meeting, which confirms the choice of Jaipur. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Kolkata is an important port city and has customs offices, but it was not the host for this particular WCO Asia Pacific regional meeting. Bengaluru is a technology hub and hosts various international events, but current affairs do not link it to this specific WCO customs meeting. Hyderabad also hosts many conferences, yet news about this WCO regional customs meeting consistently refers to Jaipur, not Hyderabad. Common Pitfalls: When several major Indian cities are listed, candidates may rely on guesswork or choose a city simply because it is a capital or has an international airport. Some may also confuse different international events hosted in various cities and misplace the WCO meeting. To avoid such confusion, it is important to revise current affairs with clear city event pairs, for example WCO Asia Pacific meeting in Jaipur, and other summits in cities like New Delhi or Hyderabad. Final Answer: The regional meeting of the World Customs Organization for the Asia and Pacific region was hosted in Jaipur.

Question 7

On National Press Day in 2017, which theme was officially chosen in India to highlight the key issues and challenges facing the media in a democratic society?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: National Press Day is observed in India to mark the establishment of the Press Council of India and to underline the importance of a free and responsible press in a democracy. Each year, a specific theme is chosen to focus discussions and seminars on a particular aspect of media functioning. In 2017, media bodies and exam questions highlighted a theme that directly addressed the difficulties and responsibilities faced by journalists and media organisations. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers specifically to National Press Day in the year 2017. It asks for the theme declared for that occasion. The options include "Challenges before the Media" and "Keeping Power in Check: Media, Justice and the Rule of Law", among others. We assume the question is based on official announcements made by the Press Council of India. Concept / Approach: The concept is current affairs related to media and governance. For National Press Day 2017, the Press Council of India focused attention on the difficulties and pressures that the media faces. The official theme for that year was "Challenges before the Media". The phrase "Keeping Power in Check: Media, Justice and the Rule of Law" is actually associated with World Press Freedom Day at the global level and is therefore a tempting but incorrect distractor in this national context. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Focus on the exact event mentioned: National Press Day 2017 in India. 2. Recall from current affairs that the Press Council of India organised discussions and programmes around the theme "Challenges before the Media". 3. Compare this with the option "Keeping Power in Check: Media, Justice and the Rule of Law", which is known as a theme for World Press Freedom Day by UNESCO rather than for India National Press Day in 2017. 4. Among the options, select "Challenges before the Media" as it directly matches the official Indian theme for that year. 5. Confirm that none of the other options accurately describe the 2017 National Press Day theme. Verification / Alternative check: Press releases and news articles from November 2017 covering National Press Day in India state that the Press Council chose "Challenges before the Media" as the theme. Reports describe panel discussions and seminars that examined issues such as fake news, pressure from various interest groups and the need for ethical standards. UNESCO documents, on the other hand, link "Keeping Power in Check: Media, Justice and the Rule of Law" with World Press Freedom Day in 2018, which confirms that this phrase belongs to a different observance. Why Other Options Are Wrong: "Keeping Power in Check: Media, Justice and the Rule of Law" is associated with global World Press Freedom Day and not with India National Press Day in 2017. "National security against terrorism" is a broad phrase and may feature in discussions, but it was not the specific official theme for National Press Day 2017. "None of the above" is wrong because there is a clearly documented and widely reported theme that appears among the options. Common Pitfalls: A major pitfall is mixing up themes of different but related observances, such as National Press Day, World Press Freedom Day and other international days devoted to media. Another common error is to treat any phrase that sounds serious and media related as the correct answer without checking the specific year and event. To avoid such mistakes, students should connect themes with their exact year and host organisation, for example National Press Day 2017 with "Challenges before the Media". Final Answer: On National Press Day 2017 in India, the official theme was "Challenges before the Media".

Question 8

The 2018 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships were hosted by India as a major international sports event. In which Indian city were these boxing championships held?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India has increasingly hosted major international sports events to showcase its sporting infrastructure and encourage participation. The AIBA Women World Boxing Championships in 2018 was a high profile event that drew elite women boxers from many countries. General knowledge questions often ask about the host city for such tournaments, making this an important point for exam preparation in sports current affairs. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to the AIBA Women World Boxing Championships in the year 2018. It asks which Indian city hosted this event. The options list Pune, New Delhi, Patna and Hyderabad. We assume standard reporting that treats the venue city as the answer. Concept / Approach: The approach is straightforward recall from sports news. In 2018, the AIBA Women World Boxing Championships were held at the KD Jadhav Indoor Stadium at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium complex in New Delhi. India performance in that tournament and the fact that the country was the host received significant media coverage. Recognising New Delhi as the host city allows us to answer correctly. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Identify the event: AIBA Women World Boxing Championships, 2018 edition. 2. Recall from sports current affairs that India hosted this tournament in its capital city, New Delhi. 3. Match this memory with the options provided. 4. Among Pune, New Delhi, Patna and Hyderabad, New Delhi is the only city known to have hosted the 2018 women boxing worlds. 5. Select New Delhi as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Sports news articles and official statements from the Boxing Federation of India confirm that the 2018 AIBA Women World Boxing Championships took place in New Delhi. Medal tallies list India host nation status and mention New Delhi as the venue. There are no credible reports naming Pune, Patna or Hyderabad as hosts for this particular tournament, although those cities may host other events. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Pune has hosted various national and international competitions but was not the venue for the 2018 women boxing worlds. Patna is the capital of Bihar and has sports infrastructure, yet it was not chosen as the host city for this championship. Hyderabad is a major city that often hosts cricket and badminton events; however, this specific boxing championship took place in New Delhi. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes mix up locations of different world championships, especially when the same country hosts multiple events in close succession. Another mistake is assuming that any large metro like Hyderabad or Pune could have hosted the event and guessing without recalling specific news. To avoid such errors, it is helpful to maintain a list of recent major tournaments with their host cities, including these boxing championships in New Delhi. Final Answer: The 2018 AIBA Women World Boxing Championships were held in New Delhi.

Question 9

According to the Census of India 2011, which Indian state is the most populous, that is, has the highest total population among all states in the country?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Population figures from the Census of India are a staple part of general knowledge. Examinations frequently ask about which state is the most populous, which has the highest density, and similar indicators. For the Census 2011 cycle, one state stands clearly at the top in terms of total number of people, and this has important implications for politics, representation and resource allocation. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to Census 2011 data. It asks which state is the most populous state in India. The options are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Delhi and Bihar. Union territories are not considered; only states are being compared. Concept / Approach: The basic concept is simple factual recall of population rankings. As per Census 2011, Uttar Pradesh has the largest population among Indian states, with over 200 million people. Maharashtra is second, Bihar is also highly populated but below Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi is a union territory with far fewer residents than the largest states. Hence, recognising Uttar Pradesh immense population leads directly to the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that Census 2011 lists population figures for all states and union territories. 2. Note that Uttar Pradesh has a population exceeding 19 crore in 2011, making it the most populous state. 3. Remember that Maharashtra, though very populous, is second in the ranking and does not exceed Uttar Pradesh in total population. 4. Bihar has a large population but still trails behind Uttar Pradesh in absolute numbers. 5. Delhi, being a city and union territory, has a much smaller population compared to the largest states. 6. Therefore, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state according to Census 2011. Verification / Alternative check: Official Census 2011 tables, as well as charts in school textbooks and government reports, show Uttar Pradesh ranked number one by population among states, followed by Maharashtra, Bihar and West Bengal. Many competitive exam guides repeat this ranking. No credible census data lists Maharashtra or any other state above Uttar Pradesh for the 2011 census, which confirms that Uttar Pradesh is the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Maharashtra has a very large population and is economically powerful, but its population is still lower than that of Uttar Pradesh in 2011. Delhi is a union territory and major metropolitan region, yet its population is far smaller than the populations of the biggest states, so it cannot be the most populous state. Bihar has high population density and a large population but ranks below Uttar Pradesh in absolute numbers. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to confuse economic size with population size, leading some candidates to think Maharashtra might be first because of its high GDP. Others may confuse density with total population and overestimate smaller but crowded regions like Delhi. To avoid such confusion, students should memorise that Uttar Pradesh is number one in population, while Maharashtra is second and Bihar and West Bengal follow thereafter in the Census 2011 ranking. Final Answer: According to Census 2011, the most populous state in India is Uttar Pradesh.

Question 10

Which country has built an experimental fusion reactor often referred to as an "artificial sun" that reportedly reaches temperatures of around 100 million degrees Celsius, roughly six times the temperature of the core of the real Sun?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Several countries are working on experimental fusion reactors that aim to mimic the nuclear fusion processes taking place in the Sun. These devices can reach extremely high temperatures and are sometimes described in the media as "artificial suns". One such reactor reached temperatures around 100 million degrees Celsius, about six times hotter than the core of the Sun. This achievement attracted global attention and often appears in current affairs questions related to science and technology. Given Data / Assumptions: The question describes an experimental fusion device nicknamed an "artificial sun". It notes that this reactor reached approximately 100 million degrees Celsius. The options given are Japan, North Korea, China and India. We assume the question refers to widely reported experiments carried out on a tokamak style reactor. Concept / Approach: The key concept is nuclear fusion research and which country recently reported this high temperature milestone. China Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) and other Chinese fusion projects have repeatedly been in the news for achieving temperatures around or above 100 million degrees Celsius. These experiments are sometimes described in news headlines as creating an "artificial sun". By contrast, Japan and India also do fusion research but the specific 100 million degrees Celsius reports most prominently involve Chinese devices, while North Korea is not known for such large scale fusion facilities. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Focus on the phrase "artificial sun" and the approximate temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius. 2. Recall news reports about the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak and other Chinese fusion experiments reaching such extreme temperatures. 3. Recognise that these reports consistently identify China as the country operating this reactor. 4. Compare with options: Japan, North Korea, China and India. 5. Japan has advanced technology programmes but the most widely publicised "artificial sun" stories at 100 million degrees concern China. 6. North Korea and India do not feature in these particular headlines. 7. Therefore, select China as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: International science news outlets and major newspapers report that Chinese scientists operating the EAST tokamak and related projects achieved electron temperatures of around 100 million degrees Celsius. These stories explicitly use the phrase "artificial sun" to describe the device. They identify the reactor location as in China. While other international collaborations such as ITER in France also aim at fusion, they had not reached the same milestone at the time of these reports. This confirms that China is correctly associated with the described experiment. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Japan has a strong nuclear research programme, but the widely reported "artificial sun" at 100 million degrees Celsius in recent years relates more directly to Chinese experiments. North Korea focuses on nuclear weapons programmes and missile testing rather than large scale fusion research and does not operate such a fusion reactor in public scientific literature. India participates in fusion research, including involvement in the ITER project, but there are no major news reports that India built an "artificial sun" reaching 100 million degrees Celsius in the way described in the question. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to assume that any technologically advanced country, such as Japan or India, might be the correct answer and to guess without recalling specific news reports. Another pitfall is to confuse nuclear fusion research with nuclear fission power plants and general nuclear capabilities. Students should remember that the high temperature "artificial sun" headlines have been particularly associated with China and its tokamak reactors. Fixing that association in memory helps avoid confusion. Final Answer: The experimental fusion reactor nicknamed an "artificial sun" that reached about 100 million degrees Celsius was built in China.

Question 11

Around the years 2017 to 2018, who was serving as the Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog, the Government of India premier policy think tank that replaced the Planning Commission?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: NITI Aayog is the premier policy think tank of the Government of India, created to replace the Planning Commission and to drive cooperative federalism and long term policy vision. Its leadership structure includes a Vice Chairman, full time members and part time members. Examinations frequently ask about the names and roles of key office holders in major institutions, and for several years one economist held the post of Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to the period around 2017 to 2018. It asks who was serving as Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog. The options given are Rajeev Shukla, V. K. Paul, Rajiv Kumar and Bibek Debroy. We assume the question reflects the widely reported appointment that took place after the previous Vice Chairman resigned. Concept / Approach: After the first Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog stepped down, economist Rajiv Kumar was appointed as the new Vice Chairman in 2017. He continued to serve in that role during 2017 and 2018, and his name appeared often in policy discussions and official briefings. V. K. Paul and Bibek Debroy are also associated with NITI Aayog but in different capacities, while Rajeev Shukla is a political figure not primarily known for this role. Remembering this personnel change is key to answering correctly. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Focus on the institution NITI Aayog and the post of Vice Chairman. 2. Recall that economist Rajiv Kumar was appointed as Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog in 2017 after the earlier office holder resigned. 3. Recognise that he held this position through the period around 2017 and 2018, making him the relevant name for most exam questions set for that time frame. 4. Look at the options and identify Rajiv Kumar as one of the choices. 5. Note that V. K. Paul serves as a member responsible for health, and Bibek Debroy has served as a member or as chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister, not as Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog. 6. Therefore, select Rajiv Kumar as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Official government notifications and news reports from 2017 confirm that Rajiv Kumar was appointed as Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog. Subsequent policy discussions, interviews and NITI Aayog documents list him in that role. Profiles of V. K. Paul describe him as a member in charge of health and related programmes, while Bibek Debroy is described as an economist and head of other advisory bodies. Rajeev Shukla is generally mentioned in political and sports administration contexts rather than in connection with NITI Aayog leadership. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Rajeev Shukla is a politician and cricket administrator and has not served as Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog. V. K. Paul is a member of NITI Aayog responsible for health but not the Vice Chairman. Bibek Debroy is an economist associated with the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister and other roles, but he has not held the post of Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes mix up different advisory bodies and titles, confusing the Economic Advisory Council leadership with NITI Aayog positions. Others may not pay attention to the time frame and think of earlier or later office holders. To avoid such mistakes, it is helpful to link each person with a simple tag in memory: Rajiv Kumar with Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog, V. K. Paul with health related membership and Bibek Debroy with economic advisory roles to the Prime Minister. Final Answer: Around the years 2017 to 2018, the Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog was Rajiv Kumar.

Question 12

In basic road safety rules, what does a posted speed limit of 55 miles per hour (55 mph) legally mean for drivers travelling on that road?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Traffic rules and posted speed limits are fundamental to safe driving. Many driver licence exams and general knowledge tests ask candidates to interpret what a particular speed limit means. Understanding that a posted limit represents a maximum under good conditions, and not a target or minimum, is essential for both legal compliance and safety on the road. Given Data / Assumptions: The sign shows a posted speed limit of 55 miles per hour (55 mph). The question asks what this posted limit legally means. The options describe different possible interpretations such as maximum, minimum, fixed mandatory speed or mere recommendation. We assume standard traffic law principles as applied in many countries that use posted limits in miles per hour. Concept / Approach: In most jurisdictions, a posted speed limit is the maximum legal speed under ideal driving conditions. Drivers are allowed to drive at or below that speed, and they are expected to reduce their speed when conditions are poor, for example in heavy rain, fog, ice or heavy traffic. A speed limit sign does not set a minimum speed unless a separate minimum speed sign is present, and it is not just a suggestion. This understanding allows us to choose the option that clearly describes a maximum that may need to be reduced, rather than a minimum or mere guideline. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Read the question carefully: it is about the meaning of a posted 55 mph speed limit. 2. Recall that a speed limit indicates the maximum lawful speed under good road, weather and traffic conditions. 3. Consider that drivers are free to travel at any lower safe speed, provided they do not unreasonably obstruct traffic. 4. Note that in poor conditions such as fog, rain or congestion, drivers are expected to drive below the posted limit, so the sign cannot be a fixed exact speed or a minimum. 5. Evaluate the options and see that option A states it is the maximum legal speed in ideal conditions and that one must slow down when conditions require, which matches standard traffic law. 6. Therefore, select option A as the correct interpretation. Verification / Alternative check: Official driver manuals and traffic safety guides in many countries explain that the posted speed limit is the highest speed allowed when conditions are good. They emphasise that drivers must adjust their speed downward in bad weather, poor visibility or heavy traffic. These manuals also warn that driving significantly below the limit without reason can impede traffic, but they do not treat the posted limit as a mandatory minimum. There is also clear legal authority for issuing speeding tickets when drivers exceed the posted limit, so it is not a mere recommendation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B describes the sign as a minimum speed. Minimum speeds, where they exist, are usually indicated by separate signs and are not the same as the general posted speed limit. Option C claims that one must always maintain exactly 55 mph and that slower speeds are illegal except in a traffic jam, which is not how speed limits work; drivers may choose safe speeds below the maximum for many reasons. Option D says the sign is only a recommendation and that police cannot enforce it, which contradicts the basic purpose of a speed limit sign and standard enforcement practices. Common Pitfalls: Some new drivers mistakenly treat the speed limit as a target to reach at all times, which can lead to unsafe driving in bad weather or in crowded areas. Others think driving much slower than the limit is always safe, ignoring the fact that extremely slow driving can also be dangerous on high speed roads. Another pitfall is confusing advisory speed signs, such as suggested speeds on curves, with mandatory limits. Recognising that a limit is a legal maximum under good conditions, subject to downward adjustment for safety, helps avoid these misunderstandings. Final Answer: A posted speed limit of 55 mph means that 55 mph is the maximum legal speed in ideal conditions, and drivers must reduce speed when conditions make that limit unsafe.

Question 13

In astronomy, when the Moon follows its elliptical orbit around the Earth and reaches the point where it is closest to the Earth, what is this point in the orbit called?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The orbits of celestial bodies are often elliptical rather than perfect circles. As a result, there are special names for the points in an orbit where a body is closest to or farthest from the object it revolves around. For the Moon orbiting the Earth, identifying these points is basic astronomical knowledge and is frequently tested in general science and astronomy questions. Given Data / Assumptions: The question concerns the orbit of the Moon around the Earth. It asks for the technical term for the point where the Moon is closest to the Earth. The options given are Perigee, Apogee, Perihelion and Aphelion. We assume standard definitions used in astronomy for Earth centered and Sun centered orbits. Concept / Approach: The terms perigee and apogee are used for objects orbiting the Earth. Perigee is the point in the orbit that is closest to the Earth, while apogee is the farthest point from the Earth. In contrast, perihelion and aphelion are used for objects orbiting the Sun, with perihelion being the closest point to the Sun and aphelion the farthest. Because the question is specifically about the Moon orbiting the Earth and about the closest point, the correct term must be perigee. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Identify that the orbit described is the orbit of the Moon around the Earth. 2. Recall that for Earth centered orbits, perigee denotes the closest point to Earth and apogee denotes the farthest point. 3. Note that perihelion and aphelion are used for orbits around the Sun and are not directly appropriate for the Moon Earth system. 4. The question asks for the closest point to the Earth, so choose perigee, not apogee. 5. Therefore, the point where the Moon is closest to the Earth in its orbit is called perigee. Verification / Alternative check: Astronomy textbooks and reliable online references define perigee as the point in the orbit of the Moon or an artificial satellite at which it is nearest to the Earth. They similarly define apogee as the point at which it is farthest from Earth. For Earth orbiting bodies like the Moon or satellites, the prefix "geo" is implied in these terms. For bodies orbiting the Sun, definitions shift to perihelion and aphelion. This consistency across sources confirms perigee as the correct answer for the Moon closest approach to Earth. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Apogee refers to the point in the Moon orbit around the Earth where it is farthest from the Earth, not the closest. Perihelion means the point in the orbit of a planet or other body around the Sun where it is closest to the Sun, which does not apply to the Moon orbit around the Earth. Aphelion is the farthest point from the Sun in a Sun centered orbit and is again not the correct term for the Moon closest approach to the Earth. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse perigee and perihelion because both start with the prefix "peri", which means near. The key is to remember that "geo" relates to Earth and "helio" relates to the Sun. Another common error is mixing up closest and farthest points and incorrectly choosing apogee when the question clearly asks for the closest approach. To avoid such mistakes, it helps to connect perigee with near Earth, apogee with away from Earth, perihelion with near Sun and aphelion with away from Sun. Final Answer: The point in the Moon orbit where it is closest to the Earth is called perigee.

Question 14

Which Indian city has been chosen by the United Nations for its Global Compact City 2025 type programme, sometimes referred to in news as the Global Continuing City 2025 initiative?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The United Nations and its associated bodies often select specific cities around the world for pilot programmes concerning sustainable development, urban planning and inclusive growth. Indian cities that are chosen for such initiatives become important points in current affairs, as they showcase urban development goals and international cooperation. One such programme is sometimes referred to in news summaries as the Global Compact City 2025 or Global Continuing City 2025 initiative. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks which Indian city has been chosen by the United Nations for a Global Compact or Global Continuing City 2025 programme. The options are Hyderabad, Delhi, Bengaluru and Noida. We assume that the question refers to reports about a city selected by the United Nations for a special urban development initiative. The focus is on identifying the city rather than on the detailed structure of the programme. Concept / Approach: News and exam oriented notes have highlighted that Hyderabad was selected by the United Nations for a city level initiative connected with long term sustainable urban development and planning up to the year 2025. This is sometimes summarised under labels such as Global Compact City 2025. Remembering that it was Hyderabad, and not the national capital or other metros, that received this recognition helps in choosing the right answer from the options. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Identify the key requirement: an Indian city selected by the United Nations for a special urban development programme targeting the year 2025. 2. Recall from current affairs summaries that Hyderabad was reported as being chosen by the UN for such a Global Compact or Global Continuing City 2025 programme. 3. Compare this recall with the given options: Hyderabad, Delhi, Bengaluru and Noida. 4. Delhi and Bengaluru are major cities but are not mentioned in this particular context in most standard exam notes. 5. Noida is a significant planned city near Delhi but again is not widely reported as the UN selected city for this 2025 initiative. 6. Conclude that Hyderabad is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Various exam preparation materials and news digests mention Hyderabad in connection with a United Nations programme that aims to develop certain cities as models in areas such as resilience, inclusive growth and sustainable urban development by 2025. These sources consistently name Hyderabad rather than Delhi, Bengaluru or Noida. While the official UN terminology may vary across documents, the key fact for competitive exams is that Hyderabad is the Indian city singled out for this 2025 urban initiative. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Delhi is the national capital and hosts many international events, but common exam notes on this particular UN 2025 city initiative usually point to Hyderabad, not Delhi. Bengaluru is a major information technology hub and participates in many smart city programmes, yet it is not typically listed as the city chosen for this specific Global Compact City 2025 style initiative. Noida is an important satellite city of Delhi with many technology firms, but there is no widely reported UN programme that designates it as the selected city for the 2025 initiative described here. Common Pitfalls: Because Delhi and Bengaluru are very prominent, candidates sometimes guess one of them whenever they see an international initiative related to cities. Another pitfall is to assume that the largest or best known metro must always be the chosen city. Exam questions, however, often highlight slightly less obvious choices such as Hyderabad to test careful reading of current affairs. Keeping a short list of city initiative pairs, such as Hyderabad for this UN 2025 programme, helps avoid such guesswork. Final Answer: The Indian city chosen by the United Nations for this Global Compact or Global Continuing City 2025 programme is Hyderabad.

Question 15

In English vocabulary, what is the correct term for a person who writes letters and words decoratively in a beautiful, artistic style, often used for invitations, certificates and works of art?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Many English vocabulary questions test the precise meaning of words that sound similar but describe very different professions. The art of beautiful decorative handwriting has a specific name, and the person who practises this art is often hired to write invitations, certificates and artistic quotations. Knowing this term is useful not only for language exams but also for general cultural literacy. Given Data / Assumptions: The question describes a person who writes decoratively in an artistic way. It mentions uses such as invitations and artistic writing. The options given are Choreographer, Cartographer, Calligrapher and Collier. We assume standard dictionary definitions for each profession listed. Concept / Approach: The art of decorative handwriting is called calligraphy, and a person who practises it is a calligrapher. The word derives from roots meaning beautiful writing. Choreographers design dance movements, cartographers make maps and a collier is associated with coal mining. Recognising which professional activity matches the description of decorative writing allows us to choose the correct term easily. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Focus on the key phrase: a person who writes letters and words decoratively in a beautiful artistic style. 2. Recall that the art of beautiful handwriting is known as calligraphy. 3. From that, identify that the practitioner is called a calligrapher. 4. Consider the other options: a choreographer designs dance sequences, a cartographer draws maps and a collier works in coal mines or deals with coal. 5. None of those activities relate to decorative handwriting, so the only matching term is calligrapher. Verification / Alternative check: Standard dictionaries define calligrapher as a person who writes in a beautiful, decorative or artistic manner using special pens, brushes or techniques. They define choreography as the art of designing dance movements, cartography as map making and collier as someone connected with coal mining. This clear separation of meanings confirms that calligrapher is the correct answer when the question involves decorative writing. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Choreographer works in the performing arts and creates dance moves, which has nothing to do with handwriting. Cartographer specialises in drawing maps, charts and other geographic representations, not in decorative letter writing. Collier is a term for a coal miner or a ship that transports coal, and is completely unrelated to artistic lettering. Common Pitfalls: Because the words sound similar and share the ending "grapher" or similar suffixes, some students mix them up under exam pressure. Another pitfall is to guess based on partial recognition of the word without recalling its exact meaning. A helpful memory aid is to associate "calli" with beauty (as in calligraphy) and "graph" with writing, which together suggest beautiful writing. Linking each of the other terms with their own fields also reduces confusion. Final Answer: A person who writes in a decorative artistic style is called a calligrapher.

Question 16

The Asia Pacific Summit 2018, which focused on issues such as peace, development and good governance, began in which of the following countries?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Regional summits bring together leaders from different countries to discuss shared challenges and cooperation in areas such as peace, development and governance. The Asia Pacific Summit 2018 was one such event that attracted significant media coverage, especially because of its venue and the participation of leaders from several nations. This makes it a common topic in current affairs questions related to international relations. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to the Asia Pacific Summit 2018. It asks in which country this summit began. The options are India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Dubai. We assume the question refers to the widely reported summit held under that name with a focus on peace and development. Concept / Approach: News reports identify Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, as the host city for the Asia Pacific Summit 2018. Since Kathmandu is in Nepal, the correct country is Nepal. Dubai is a city rather than a country, and is part of the United Arab Emirates, while India and Bangladesh are neighbouring countries that participate in regional events but were not the hosts for this specific summit. Remembering that the summit was labelled Asia Pacific Summit 2018 Nepal helps narrow down the correct option. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Focus on the event name: Asia Pacific Summit 2018, and recall any news or exam notes related to it. 2. Remember that the summit was held in Kathmandu, which is the capital city of Nepal. 3. Once Kathmandu is recalled, identify the corresponding country, which is Nepal. 4. Look at the options: India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Dubai. 5. Recognise that Dubai is a city in the United Arab Emirates, not a country by itself, and that India and Bangladesh were not described as the host nation. 6. Select Nepal as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Press coverage and official statements about the Asia Pacific Summit 2018 consistently refer to the event as being hosted in Kathmandu, Nepal. Images and videos from the summit show venues and cultural programmes in Nepal. There is no significant reporting that places this summit in India or Bangladesh, and the reference to Dubai is clearly inconsistent with the way countries are listed, which further confirms that Nepal is the correct country. Why Other Options Are Wrong: India is a major regional power and participates in many summits, but it was not the host nation for the Asia Pacific Summit 2018 described in the question. Bangladesh is an important South Asian country yet it did not host this particular Asia Pacific Summit. Dubai is a city in the United Arab Emirates, not a country, and was not the location of the summit mentioned here. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes assume that India must be the host whenever a regional summit is mentioned, due to its size and prominence. Others may focus on the word "Asia" and think of any large Asian city such as Dubai without remembering the specific news reports. To avoid such mistakes, it is helpful to tie the phrase Asia Pacific Summit 2018 directly to Nepal in memory, and to remember that Kathmandu frequently appears in international news when Nepal hosts significant conferences. Final Answer: The Asia Pacific Summit 2018 began in the country of Nepal.

Question 17

In human spaceflight history, which of the following was the first manned mission that carried a long duration crew to live and work on board the International Space Station (ISS)?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The International Space Station (ISS) is a permanently inhabited research laboratory in low Earth orbit. Crews travel to and from the ISS using spacecraft launched by different space agencies. The first long duration crew that took up residence on the ISS flew aboard a specific mission, and this milestone is often asked about in space science and general knowledge examinations, even if the question uses a slightly simplified name for the mission. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks about the first manned mission that carried a long duration crew to the ISS. The options are Ullas mission, Narayan mission, Soyuz mission and Crati mission. We note that only one of these names corresponds to a real and well known family of spacecraft used to travel to the ISS. We assume the question is using a generic label for the Soyuz type mission that first transported a resident ISS crew. Concept / Approach: Human crews reach the ISS mainly aboard Soyuz spacecraft for Russian launches and, more recently, aboard commercial crew vehicles. The first expedition crew to live on the ISS travelled on a Soyuz spacecraft. In reality, the mission had a specific designation, but exam questions often simplify matters by referring to it generically as a Soyuz mission. The other mission names listed in the options are not names of real ISS crew vehicles, which makes it easier to identify the correct choice if one knows basic spaceflight terminology. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recognise that the ISS is supplied and crewed primarily by spacecraft such as Soyuz and later commercial crew vehicles. 2. Recall that the first long duration crew, known as Expedition 1, travelled to the ISS aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. 3. Check the options for familiar spacecraft families used for ISS missions. 4. Among Ullas mission, Narayan mission, Soyuz mission and Crati mission, only Soyuz mission refers to a real and widely known type of spacecraft associated with the ISS. 5. Therefore, the correct answer must be Soyuz mission. Verification / Alternative check: Space history references show that Expedition 1, the first resident crew for the ISS, was launched aboard the Soyuz TM 31 spacecraft and docked with the station in 2000. Later crews also frequently used Soyuz vehicles. The other mission names listed in the options do not appear in authentic mission lists for ISS crewed flights. Thus, even though the question uses a generic label rather than a precise mission designation, the association of the first manned ISS mission with the Soyuz family is accurate. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Ullas mission is not a recognised name for any ISS related spacecraft or mission in standard spaceflight records. Narayan mission is likewise not associated with ISS crew launches and appears to be a distractor with a familiar sounding Indian name. Crati mission does not match any known spacecraft or launch that carried a crew to the ISS and is included as a fictitious option. Common Pitfalls: Candidates unfamiliar with space missions may think all options are equally fictional or may hesitate because the question does not include the specific mission number. Others may confuse ISS missions with earlier programmes such as Apollo or Space Shuttle flights. The best way to avoid confusion is to remember that Soyuz is the long running Russian spacecraft family routinely used for ferrying crews to space stations, including the first long duration crew to the ISS. Recognising this name among unfamiliar ones makes such questions straightforward. Final Answer: The first manned mission that carried a long duration crew to the International Space Station used a Soyuz mission spacecraft.

Question 18

In terms of the size of its fleet and overall capabilities, the Indian Navy is generally regarded as the _____ largest navy in the world among major maritime powers.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Countries are often compared in terms of the relative size and strength of their armed forces. The Indian Navy is an important component of India defence structure and plays a significant role in securing sea lanes and protecting maritime interests. General knowledge questions frequently ask where India stands in global rankings of military strength, and one such commonly cited figure concerns the approximate position of the Indian Navy among the navies of the world. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks for the approximate ranking of the Indian Navy in terms of size among world navies. The blank is to be filled with a number representing this ranking. The options are 3, 4, 6 and 5. We assume the question is based on traditional exam oriented references that group navies by fleet size and capability. Concept / Approach: Many defence and competitive exam sources describe the Indian Navy as being among the top navies globally, often around the fifth position when measured by size and capability. Rankings can vary slightly depending on the criteria used, but for exam purposes Indian Navy is widely taught as the fifth largest navy in the world, after countries such as the United States, Russia, China and perhaps one other major power. Remembering this approximate rank helps in choosing the correct number from the options given. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recognise that the question demands a numerical ranking of the Indian Navy among world navies. 2. Recall from standard general knowledge books that the Indian Navy is often referred to as the fifth largest navy in the world. 3. Examine the options: 3, 4, 6 and 5. 4. Eliminate 3 and 4, as these would imply that India is in the top three or four, which is not the usual description in mainstream exam material. 5. Compare 5 and 6; although some sources may rank navies differently, the most commonly quoted exam figure is that India navy is the fifth largest. 6. Choose 5 as the best match with standard general knowledge references. Verification / Alternative check: Defence overviews and exam guides often rank navies by total fleet tonnage, number of major combatants and blue water capabilities. In these comparisons, the navies of the United States, Russia, China and sometimes one European or East Asian power usually occupy the top positions, with India just behind them. Many exam oriented books include a statment that the Indian Navy is the fifth largest in the world, which supports choosing 5 here, even though exact rankings can shift slightly over time depending on metric and year. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 3 would place the Indian Navy among the top three navies worldwide, ahead of several traditionally larger or more heavily equipped navies, which is not a standard claim in most references. 4 is also higher than the ranking normally attributed to India in exam literature, which tends to mention the fifth position. 6 would place India lower in the ranking than commonly reported; although some alternative analyses might vary, the figure usually taught for general competitive exams is the fifth largest navy. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes focus on India overall military strength, which can be ranked differently from individual service branches, and then guess an incorrect position for the Navy. Others may remember hearing that India is within the top ten but not recall the specific rank and hence choose at random. To avoid such mistakes, it is helpful to memorise a small set of approximate military rankings, including that the Indian Navy is commonly described as the fifth largest navy in the world in general knowledge sources. Final Answer: The Indian Navy is generally regarded as the 5th largest navy in the world.

Question 19

In Indian space technology, which of the following is recognised as India's heaviest communication satellite built by ISRO?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India's space agency, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), has launched many communication satellites under the GSAT series. General knowledge and competitive exams often ask about record-holding missions, such as the heaviest satellite built by ISRO so far. Knowing these facts helps candidates follow India's technological progress and answer space-science questions accurately. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given: - Several GSAT satellites listed as options. - The question clearly refers to the heaviest communication satellite built by ISRO. - We assume the comparison is within ISRO-built communication satellites, not foreign-built payloads. Concept / Approach: The approach is simple factual recall. ISRO's GSAT series provides communication services like television, telephony, and broadband. Among these, GSAT - 11 is widely known as the heaviest satellite built by ISRO, weighing over 5 tonnes at launch. The task is to identify this specific satellite from the list of options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that GSAT satellites are Indian communication satellites developed by ISRO. Step 2: Remember that GSAT - 11 was described by ISRO as its heaviest communication satellite at the time of launch. Step 3: Compare the listed satellites: GSAT - 09, GSAT - 10, GSAT - 11, GSAT - 13, and INSAT - 4A. Step 4: Identify GSAT - 11 as the correct option because it is specifically known for its record mass and high-throughput capability. Step 5: Confirm that none of the other satellites in the list exceeded GSAT - 11 in launch mass at that time. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify this fact by checking official ISRO mission brochures or press releases. They clearly mention GSAT - 11 as the heaviest communication satellite built by ISRO, designed to significantly improve broadband and communication coverage over India and nearby regions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - GSAT - 09: This is the South Asia Satellite, lighter and with a different regional cooperation focus. - GSAT - 13: A communication satellite, but not the heaviest one built by ISRO. - GSAT - 10: Important for communication services, yet again lighter than GSAT - 11. - INSAT - 4A: Part of the older INSAT series, smaller and not comparable in mass to GSAT - 11. Common Pitfalls: Candidates may confuse 'most recent' with 'heaviest' or assume that any higher-numbered satellite like GSAT - 13 must be bigger. Another common mistake is mixing the INSAT and GSAT series. Always focus on the specific property being asked about—in this case, the heaviest communication satellite built by ISRO, which is GSAT - 11. Final Answer: Correct option: GSAT - 11

Question 20

In political science terminology, what does the word 'anarchy' specifically mean with reference to the structure of government?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The term 'anarchy' is often heard in news debates, political theory, and general discussions, but it is frequently misunderstood. In political science, words like monarchy, theocracy, and plutocracy each have precise meanings. This question tests whether the learner knows the exact, technical meaning of 'anarchy' in the context of how a society is governed. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given: - Multiple forms of governance or political conditions as options. - The question focuses on the meaning of the term 'anarchy'. - We assume standard political science usage, not loose everyday usage like 'chaos' alone. Concept / Approach: In political theory: - Monarchy means rule by a king or queen. - Plutocracy means rule by the wealthy class. - Theocracy means rule by religious authorities or priests in the name of God. - Democracy involves government by the people, often through elected representatives. - Anarchy does not mean rule by a particular group; it literally means the absence of a formal government or governing authority. It can result in disorder, but the core idea is 'no recognised ruler or state authority'. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify each option's form of government: rich, monarch, God, no government, or direct people's rule. Step 2: Recall that 'an-' means 'without' and 'archos' (in Greek) relates to 'ruler' or 'authority'. Step 3: Combine the roots to get 'anarchy' meaning 'without a ruler' or 'without government'. Step 4: Match this meaning with the option that describes the absence of government. Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is 'Absence of any recognised government or authority'. Verification / Alternative check: Standard political science textbooks and dictionaries define anarchy as a condition where there is no recognised government or authority. While popular media may use the word to mean 'chaos', the technical definition always emphasises the absence of a governing authority. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Government by the rich: This is plutocracy, not anarchy. - Government by a king or queen: This is monarchy. - Government by God or priests: This is theocracy. - Government by the people directly: This is direct democracy, not anarchy. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse anarchy with simple disorder or violence. While anarchy may lead to instability, the core concept is institutional: there is no central state authority. It is also important not to mix it up with democracy or monarchy just because those terms are more familiar. Focus on the key idea: 'no government' rather than 'wrong type of government'. Final Answer: Correct option: Absence of any recognised government or authority

Basic General Knowledge Questions