Question 1

Select the related word from the given alternatives so that the analogy School : Teacher :: Court : ? is correctly completed.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy tests recognition of the relationship between an institution or place and a professional who commonly works there. In reasoning examinations, such questions measure how well candidates understand typical role and place associations in everyday life. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: School : Teacher. Second pair: Court : ?. Words are used in their usual everyday meaning. Exactly one option should represent a parallel professional role for the court. Concept / Approach: In the pair School : Teacher, the school is the place or institution and the teacher is the professional who performs the main educational role there. To complete the analogy, we require a profession that is closely and directly associated with the court as a workplace. Although more than one profession operates in a court, the reasoning pattern typically selects the most directly associated role from the provided options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Express the relationship. A school is a place where teachers work and teach students. Step 2: Transfer the structure. A court is a place where a particular type of professional works on legal matters. Step 3: Evaluate the options. Lawyer: A legal professional who represents clients and argues cases in a court. Play: A general activity, not a professional person. Tennis: A sport that is usually played on a court but not the profession itself. Justice: An abstract concept or title, not the standard label for a working professional in the options list. Judge: A key official of the court but given here as an extra distractor; however, traditional analogy sets with School : Teacher typically match to Court : Lawyer when both words are given as options. Step 4: Select the most parallel option. Lawyer is the professional most explicitly parallel to Teacher in the way the analogy is structured. Verification / Alternative check: The analogy may be expressed in sentence form: A teacher works in a school. A lawyer works in a court. This gives a clear place to professional relationship where teacher and lawyer play comparable roles in their respective institutions. Judge is also a court professional, but the pair School : Teacher usually leads to Court : Lawyer in standard exam patterns when both words appear as options, because both teacher and lawyer refer to practising professionals directly interacting with clients or students. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Play is an activity, especially associated with a playground or stage, not a professional person in a court. Tennis is a sport played on a tennis court but not the type of court meant in the legal context of the question. Justice is a concept and a formal title, but not used in this set as the direct counterpart of Teacher in the pair. Judge is an important court official, but the typical reasoning pattern here aligns School : Teacher with Court : Lawyer based on common exam practice and the specific set of answer choices. Common Pitfalls: Learners may confuse the sports sense of the word court with the legal sense. It is important to read the full set of options and identify which sense makes the entire list coherent. Another common issue is selecting an abstract concept rather than a person when the first pair clearly links an institution to a human role. Focusing on the exact grammatical and semantic category of each word helps in avoiding such mistakes. Final Answer: The analogy School : Teacher :: Court : ? is correctly completed by Lawyer.

Question 2

In this letter analogy, EGI is related to BDF. Using the same pattern, which group of letters should complete the analogy EGI : BDF :: KMO : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This letter analogy uses a simple backward shift pattern in the alphabet. The pair EGI : BDF shows that each letter in the second group is obtained by subtracting the same number of positions from the corresponding letter in the first group. Once the shift is determined, it must be applied to KMO to find the correct related group. Such questions help assess careful counting skills and pattern recognition in alphabet series. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: EGI : BDF. Second pair: KMO : ?. All letters are standard English capital letters. The same operation is applied to each corresponding position. Concept / Approach: We convert each letter to its numerical position in the alphabet and compute the difference between corresponding letters of the two groups. If this difference is consistent, we adopt it as the rule. We then apply that fixed negative shift to each letter in KMO. This method is systematic and eliminates guessing. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert EGI to positions. E = 5, G = 7, I = 9. Step 2: Convert BDF to positions. B = 2, D = 4, F = 6. Step 3: Find the differences. 5 to 2 is -3. 7 to 4 is -3. 9 to 6 is -3. So every letter is shifted three positions backward. Step 4: Apply the same -3 transformation to KMO. K = 11, M = 13, O = 15. 11 - 3 = 8, which is H. 13 - 3 = 10, which is J. 15 - 3 = 12, which is L. Therefore, KMO becomes HJL. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, we can apply the reverse shift to HJL. H is 8, so 8 + 3 = 11, which is K. J is 10, so 10 + 3 = 13, which is M. L is 12, so 12 + 3 = 15, which is O. This confirms that HJL maps back to KMO using a consistent +3 shift, mirroring the -3 shift from KMO to HJL and matching exactly how EGI relates to BDF. Why Other Options Are Wrong: GIK does not result from a uniform subtraction of three from KMO and instead shifts positions inconsistently. MOQ repeats the original letters of the first part in a different question pattern and is unrelated to the present transformation. QSU involves forward shifts and does not follow the -3 rule. NPR is formed by adding a constant value, not subtracting three, and therefore breaks the analogy structure. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to check only the first letter and ignore the remaining positions. Another frequent mistake is to miscount backward in the alphabet, especially near the beginning or end. Always verify the pattern for each letter and ensure that the same difference holds uniformly. Practising this methodical approach greatly improves accuracy in letter based analogy questions. Final Answer: The group of letters that correctly completes the analogy is HJL.

Question 3

In this number analogy involving positive and negative signs, 5 is related to -10. Using the same pattern, which number should complete the analogy 5 : -10 :: -8 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This numerical analogy tests understanding of sign changes and multiplication by a constant. The given pair 5 : -10 suggests that the transformation involves both magnitude and sign. Once the exact operation is identified, it must be applied to -8 to determine the missing number. Such problems are basic but important for reinforcing comfort with negative numbers. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 5 : -10. Second pair: -8 : ?. Positive and negative signs are meaningful. The same arithmetic operation should be applied consistently. Concept / Approach: We look for a simple arithmetic relation between 5 and -10. The most natural interpretation is multiplication by a negative constant. Observing that -10 equals 5 multiplied by -2 indicates that the mapping uses -2 as the factor. Therefore, to find the number related to -8, we multiply -8 by the same factor. Understanding multiplication of signed numbers is crucial here. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Express the relation between 5 and -10. 5 * -2 = -10. Step 2: Interpret the rule. The second number is the first number multiplied by -2. Step 3: Apply this rule to -8. Compute -8 * -2. A negative times a negative gives a positive result. -8 * -2 = 16. Step 4: Match 16 with the options. 16 is present as option A and fits the rule exactly. Verification / Alternative check: We can test whether -16 or other options can fit any similar pattern. If we tried to use -16, the required factor would have to be 2 (since -8 * 2 = -16), but this would conflict with the factor -2 used earlier, where 5 multiplied by 2 gives 10, not -10. Since the same factor must hold for both pairs, only multiplication by -2 is acceptable. Thus, 16 is uniquely consistent with the relationship seen in the first pair. Why Other Options Are Wrong: -16 requires multiplying -8 by 2, which breaks the pattern of multiplying by -2. 13 would need a non integer factor from -8 and does not match the pattern of the first pair. -13 again breaks the constant factor rule and would not come from multiplying -8 by -2. 8 is just the opposite sign of -8 and does not reflect any multiplication by -2 relationship. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes forget the rule that the product of two negative numbers is positive, or they attempt to match only the magnitude without considering the sign. In analogy questions involving signed numbers, carefully track both magnitude and sign, and always confirm that the same factor works for all given pairs. This avoids errors and builds confidence in handling negative values. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 16.

Question 4

In this number analogy, 14 is related to 16. Using the same pattern, which number should complete the analogy 14 : 16 :: 22 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is a simple numerical analogy based on adding a constant value. The pair 14 : 16 immediately hints at a small difference between the two numbers. Identifying this difference and applying it consistently to the second number in the analogy allows us to find the correct answer quickly. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 14 : 16. Second pair: 22 : ?. All numbers are integers. The pattern is likely a simple addition or subtraction. Concept / Approach: We start by computing the difference between 14 and 16. Seeing that this difference is 2 suggests that the transformation is add 2. To maintain the analogy, the same operation of adding 2 must be applied to 22. Because the question is straightforward, the main challenge is just to avoid overcomplicating the pattern. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute the difference in the first pair. 16 - 14 = 2. Step 2: Interpret the rule. The second number is obtained by adding 2 to the first number. Step 3: Apply this rule to 22. 22 + 2 = 24. Step 4: Match the result with the options. 24 appears as option C, so it is the candidate answer. Verification / Alternative check: We can check whether any other simple interpretation might fit both pairs. For example, if we tried adding 12 or subtracting any constant, such operations would not align with 14 to 16. The only natural and consistent transformation is add 2. Therefore, applying add 2 to 22 gives 24, and no other option can be justified without breaking the rule observed in the first pair. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 26 results from adding 4 to 22, which does not match the difference between 14 and 16. 29 is 7 more than 22, and nothing in the first pair indicates an addition of 7. 28 is 6 more than 22, so it fails to preserve the add 2 pattern. 20 is less than 22 by 2 and would correspond to subtracting 2 rather than adding 2. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates overthink simple analogies and search for complex patterns such as multiplication or combined operations. In exams, it is wise to check small constant differences first. If a clean and obvious rule such as adding 2 explains the first pair perfectly, it is usually the intended pattern. Learning to spot and apply such simple relationships quickly can save valuable time. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 24.

Question 5

In this letter analogy, ART is related to BSU. Using the same pattern, which group of letters should complete the analogy ART : BSU :: MRV : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question involves a consistent forward shift in the alphabet for each letter in a three letter group. The pair ART : BSU indicates that each letter in the second group is obtained by adding the same positive number of positions to the corresponding letter in the first group. The same rule must then be applied to MRV to identify the correct related group. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: ART : BSU. Second pair: MRV : ?. All letters are capital letters from A to Z. The same transformation is applied position wise. Concept / Approach: We convert each letter to its numerical position in the alphabet and compute the difference between corresponding letters in ART and BSU. If the difference is +1 consistently for each position, we can infer that the pattern is add 1 to every letter. We then apply this simple rule to MRV to obtain the answer. This technique of translating letters to numbers is a standard method in letter analogy questions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert ART to positions. A = 1, R = 18, T = 20. Step 2: Convert BSU to positions. B = 2, S = 19, U = 21. Step 3: Find the differences. 1 to 2 is +1. 18 to 19 is +1. 20 to 21 is +1. Therefore each letter in ART is shifted one position forward to produce BSU. Step 4: Apply the same +1 rule to MRV. M = 13, R = 18, V = 22. 13 + 1 = 14, which is N. 18 + 1 = 19, which is S. 22 + 1 = 23, which is W. So MRV becomes NSW. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, we apply the reverse operation to NSW. N is 14, so 14 minus 1 is 13, which is M. S is 19, so 19 minus 1 is 18, which is R. W is 23, so 23 minus 1 is 22, which is V. This confirms that MRV and NSW are linked by a uniform plus one shift, exactly paralleling the relationship between ART and BSU. Why Other Options Are Wrong: KFT does not result from adding one to each letter in MRV and shows unrelated shifts. MFG uses an entirely different set of letters that do not maintain the positions relative to M, R, and V. NRV modifies only the first letter and leaves the others unchanged, breaking the consistent shift pattern. MTX modifies letters by unequal amounts and therefore fails to follow a uniform +1 rule. Common Pitfalls: Learners may forget to check all three positions and instead base their answer on the first letter alone. This can be dangerous because some distractor options are designed to match the pattern partially. Always verify the transformation for every corresponding letter in the pair and ensure that the same rule applies uniformly across positions for both the example pair and the target pair. Final Answer: The group of letters that correctly completes the analogy is NSW.

Question 6

In this verbal analogy question, select the related word from the given alternatives: Magazine : Editor :: Drama : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Verbal analogy questions test your ability to recognize the relationship between two words and extend the same relationship to another pair. Here the first pair is Magazine and Editor, and you must decide which role is related to Drama in a similar way. Understanding how responsibility and control work in publishing and performing arts is the key to solving this item confidently. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is Magazine and Editor, where the editor is the person who supervises and controls the content of the magazine. - The second pair is Drama and an unknown role that must stand in the same type of relationship to drama as editor stands to magazine. - The options are Director, Hero, Heroine, and Painter, all of which are connected in some way to creative work. - We assume a standard understanding of roles in theatre, film, and art, without any unusual or metaphorical usage. Concept / Approach: The core idea is to identify the functional relationship between the two words in the first pair. A magazine is a product, while the editor is the person who has primary responsibility for shaping, organizing, and approving its content. For a drama, you must look for the person who similarly guides and controls the overall performance instead of simply participating as one of many contributors. This approach focuses on responsibility and authority, not merely participation or fame. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note that a magazine is a publication and the editor is the person in charge of deciding what appears in it.Step 2: Recognize that the editor does not just appear in the magazine but directs, supervises, and finalizes the overall product.Step 3: For drama, list the key roles: the director, actors such as hero and heroine, and unrelated roles like painter.Step 4: The director is the person who interprets the script, guides actors, coordinates staging, and is responsible for the final dramatic presentation.Step 5: Therefore Director is to Drama in the same way Editor is to Magazine, because both are overall creative and managerial heads of their respective works. Verification / Alternative check: Check whether swapping the roles makes sense. You can say a magazine is edited by an editor. Similarly, a drama is directed by a director. This parallel sentence structure confirms the analogy. If you try to use hero or heroine in the same pattern, the sentence becomes awkward because a drama is not usually said to be herod or heroined. Only director fits this grammatical and conceptual structure. This quick language check supports the reasoning based on responsibilities. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Hero: The hero is only one of the acting roles in a drama and does not control the entire production, so the relationship is weaker than that of editor to magazine. - Heroine: Like hero, heroine is a performer role, not the supervisory head of the drama, so it does not match the editor role in the first pair. - Painter: A painter is mainly connected with visual art such as paintings and is not normally associated with directing dramas, so this option breaks the domain connection. Common Pitfalls: Many test takers focus on popularity or central characters and quickly choose hero or heroine, assuming that a drama revolves around them. However, analogy questions usually depend on precise functional relationships such as creator, controller, or unit of measurement. Ignoring that the editor is an authority figure rather than a performer can lead to confusion. Always ask what exactly each word does in the pair before choosing an answer. This habit will help you solve many similar verbal analogy questions more accurately. Final Answer: The role that stands to Drama as Editor stands to Magazine is the person who controls and shapes the entire work. Therefore the correct answer is Director.

Question 7

In this letter analogy question, select the group of letters that completes the pattern: ACEG : IKMO :: QSUW : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Letter analogy questions test your ability to recognize hidden patterns in the positions of letters in the alphabet. In this item you are given the pair ACEG and IKMO and then asked to extend the same pattern from QSUW to a missing group of letters. Such problems are common in aptitude and reasoning exams because they quickly reveal how comfortable you are with systematic pattern recognition. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is ACEG and IKMO, both groups of four letters. - The second given group is QSUW, and you must find another four letter group that fits the same transformation used in the first pair. - The alphabet positions used are A=1, B=2, C=3, and so on up to Z=26. - We assume that the pattern is consistent across all corresponding letters in the pair, and that the transformation is applied cyclically if it crosses Z. Concept / Approach: The general approach is to map each letter in the first group to the corresponding letter in the second group and examine the numerical shifts in terms of alphabet positions. If the shift is constant, we can treat it like adding or subtracting a fixed number, possibly with wrap around when we move past Z. After finding this rule for ACEG to IKMO, we apply exactly the same rule to each letter in QSUW to generate the correct answer group. Finally, we compare that result to the options to select the matching sequence. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write down alphabet positions for the first pair: A=1, C=3, E=5, G=7 and I=9, K=11, M=13, O=15.Step 2: Compute the shift for each position: 1 to 9 is +8, 3 to 11 is +8, 5 to 13 is +8, and 7 to 15 is also +8, so the transformation is +8 for every letter.Step 3: Now take QSUW where Q=17, S=19, U=21, and W=23.Step 4: Add 8 to each position, using wrap around beyond 26: Q (17) + 8 = 25 which is Y, S (19) + 8 = 27; subtract 26 to get 1 which is A, U (21) + 8 = 29; subtract 26 to get 3 which is C, and W (23) + 8 = 31; subtract 26 to get 5 which is E.Step 5: The resulting group is YACE, which exactly matches option C, so YACE is the required completion of the analogy. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify the answer by reversing the process. Starting from YACE, subtract 8 positions from each letter to see if you return to QSUW. Y (25) minus 8 gives 17 which is Q, A (1) minus 8 means move back eight steps from A and wrap around to reach S, C (3) minus 8 wraps to U, and E (5) minus 8 wraps to W. This reverse check confirms that QSUW and YACE maintain the same +8 mapping that appears in the pair ACEG and IKMO. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - YZCE: Only the first letter Y is correct; the second letter Z does not follow the +8 pattern and breaks the consistent transformation. - YACD: The last letter D is incorrect, because W should map to E, not D, under the +8 shift rule. - YBCE: The second letter B does not follow the computed position for S, which must map to A, so this group does not preserve the constant shift. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes compare only the shapes or partial sequences of letters and try to guess, instead of translating letters into their numerical positions. Another mistake is forgetting that the alphabet is treated cyclically, so after Z you wrap back to A. This wrapping is crucial for correctly mapping letters such as S, U, and W when adding 8. Always compute the exact shift with numbers, apply the same rule consistently, and perform a quick reverse check to reinforce accuracy. Final Answer: The correct group of letters that completes the analogy ACEG : IKMO :: QSUW : ? is YACE.

Question 8

In this number analogy question, select the related number from the given alternatives: 12 : 39 :: 15 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Number analogy questions test your skill in spotting arithmetic patterns between numbers. In this problem you are given the pair 12 and 39 and asked to extend the same rule to the number 15. Such questions often involve simple operations like multiplication, addition, or subtraction, but you must test them systematically rather than guessing based on superficial similarity. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is 12 and 39, where 39 is derived from 12 by some consistent arithmetic rule. - The second starting number is 15, and you must find which option gives the corresponding output under the same rule. - The options are 48, 52, 39, and 51, all of which are reasonably close in value to what might come from simple operations on 15. - We assume ordinary integer arithmetic without hidden tricks such as digit reversal or number bases unless clearly suggested. Concept / Approach: The main strategy is to identify a pattern that transforms 12 into 39. Once you discover a simple and reasonable rule, you apply the same transformation to 15 and see which option matches. It is important to check that the rule you choose is natural and not overly complicated, because exam questions are designed around straightforward ideas such as multiplying by a fixed number and then adding or subtracting another fixed value. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Test simple multiplication: 12 * 2 = 24, 12 * 3 = 36, 12 * 4 = 48, none of which is exactly 39.Step 2: Try combining multiplication and addition. If 12 * 3 = 36, adding 3 more gives 39, so one possible rule is result = (number * 3) + 3.Step 3: Confirm this rule fits the first pair: for 12, (12 * 3) + 3 = 36 + 3 = 39, which matches the given second number exactly.Step 4: Apply the same rule to 15: (15 * 3) + 3 = 45 + 3 = 48.Step 5: Among the options, 48 appears and therefore is the only value consistent with the discovered pattern. Verification / Alternative check: Check quickly whether any other simple rule could connect 12 to 39 and 15 to some other option. For example, if you tried 12 * 4 - 9, you would get 39, but then 15 * 4 - 9 gives 51, which is also one of the options. However, this rule is less natural than multiplying by 3 and adding 3, because 12 * 3 already gives a value close to 39. Most test setters prefer patterns where the multiplier is small and the additional constant is also small and intuitive. The (number * 3) + 3 rule is clean and symmetric and is therefore the more reasonable choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - 52: There is no simple consistent combination of multiplication and a small constant that maps 12 to 39 and then 15 to 52 without becoming arbitrary. - 39: This would incorrectly suggest that 15 also maps to 39, ignoring the difference between the starting numbers, so it does not extend the pattern logically. - 51: Although an artificial rule could be constructed to reach 51, it is less straightforward than the rule that produces 48 from 15 using multiplication by 3 and addition of 3. Common Pitfalls: One common mistake is to jump at the first arithmetic pattern that fits the first pair without checking whether it gives a sensible result for the second number. Another pitfall is overcomplicating the rule with multiple operations when a simpler one exists. To avoid these issues, always look for the smallest and cleanest formula that works for the given pair, then apply it consistently to the new number and cross check with all options. Final Answer: Using the pattern result = (number * 3) + 3, 12 maps to 39 and 15 maps to 48. Hence the correct answer is 48.

Question 9

In the following analogy question, select the related word pair from the given alternatives: Gun : Soldier :: ? : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This verbal analogy question compares a tool with the person who commonly uses it in a professional context. You are given Gun and Soldier and must find the pair that shows the same relationship from the options. Recognizing worker tool relationships is a common requirement in aptitude and reasoning sections of competitive exams. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is Gun and Soldier, where a gun is a weapon used by a soldier in the line of duty. - The required pair must show a similar professional relationship between a person and the tool that person normally uses. - The options pair various tools or objects with different professions: Pen with Carpenter, Plough with Surgeon, Chisel with Sculptor, and Sword with Doctor. - We assume standard occupational roles, not rare or metaphorical uses. Concept / Approach: The central concept is to see Gun as the primary working tool or weapon of a Soldier. The second pair must therefore present a tool that is closely and characteristically used by a particular professional. Among the given alternatives, you should look for the pair where the first word is a tool and the second word is a professional whose main work depends on that tool, just as a soldier depends on a gun in combat situations. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the relationship in the first pair. A soldier is a trained professional in the armed forces, and a gun is a central weapon used by the soldier.Step 2: Examine each option to see which tool fits naturally with the professional listed.Step 3: Pen : Carpenter does not match, because a carpenter primarily uses tools such as saws, hammers, and chisels, not a pen.Step 4: Plough : Surgeon is incorrect, because a plough is an agricultural tool, while a surgeon uses medical instruments like scalpels.Step 5: Chisel : Sculptor is a strong match, because a sculptor regularly uses a chisel to shape stone or wood, just as a soldier regularly uses a gun.Step 6: Sword : Doctor does not match, since doctors use medical equipment and have no professional connection with swords.Step 7: Therefore Chisel : Sculptor is the correct pair that mirrors Gun : Soldier. Verification / Alternative check: You can restate each pair in a sentence to verify the relationship. A soldier uses a gun as a main weapon. Similarly, a sculptor uses a chisel as a main tool for shaping material. The sentences for the other options sound unnatural or incorrect. For example, a carpenter does not normally use a pen as a primary tool, and a doctor does not use a sword. This sentence based check confirms the similarity between the original pair and Chisel : Sculptor. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Pen : Carpenter: A pen is typically associated with writers, clerks, or students, not with carpenters whose central tools are woodworking instruments. - Plough : Surgeon: A plough belongs to farming, while a surgeon belongs to medicine, so there is no functional parallel with gun and soldier. - Sword : Doctor: A sword is a weapon, but it is unrelated to the professional duties of a doctor, who uses stethoscopes and surgical tools. Common Pitfalls: Some learners quickly match two words that individually make sense but do not check the exact nature of the relationship. The exam requires a precise type of link, here tool to professional user. To avoid mistakes, always ask what role each word plays and whether that role is mirrored exactly in the answer pair. Matching domains superficially without checking functional similarity is a frequent reason for wrong choices in verbal analogy questions. Final Answer: The pair that shows the same relationship as Gun : Soldier is Chisel : Sculptor because both pairs relate a professional to a primary working tool.

Question 10

In this unit analogy question, select the related word from the given alternatives: Length : Meter :: Power : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Analogy questions involving scientific units test your understanding of which physical quantities are measured by which standard units. Here the pair Length and Meter is given, and you must identify the correct unit that stands in the same relationship to Power. This type of question is common in general aptitude and basic science segments of competitive examinations. Given Data / Assumptions: - Length is a physical quantity that describes how long something is. - Meter is the standard SI unit used to measure length. - Power is another physical quantity related to the rate of doing work or using energy. - The options for the unit of power are Calories, Degree, Watt, and Kilogram. - We assume standard SI definitions and common scientific usage. Concept / Approach: The concept is to match the given quantity with its correct standard unit. Length and meter form a correct pair of quantity and unit. In the same way, we must recall which unit is used for power in the SI system. Power is defined as work done per unit time or energy transferred per unit time, and its SI unit is watt. This simple recall question becomes an analogy question by presenting the pattern Quantity : Unit :: Quantity : Unit. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognize that the first pair, Length : Meter, is a quantity to unit relationship.Step 2: Recall that Power is the rate of doing work or the rate of energy transfer.Step 3: From basic physics, the SI unit of power is watt, commonly written with the symbol W.Step 4: Check each option: Calories measure energy, Degree usually measures temperature or angles, Watt measures power, and Kilogram measures mass.Step 5: Only Watt matches Power in the same way Meter matches Length, so Watt is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: You can quickly verify the match by writing small example statements. For length you can say, the length of the room is 5 meters. For power you can say, the power of the motor is 500 watts. Trying to use other options in similar sentences shows they do not fit. Saying the power is 500 kilograms or 500 degrees is scientifically incorrect. This simple language based check confirms that watt is the valid unit of power. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Calories: This unit measures energy, not power. It may appear related, but power involves energy per unit time, not energy alone. - Degree: Degree commonly measures temperature or angles, for example degree Celsius or degree of rotation, not power. - Kilogram: This is the SI unit of mass, describing how much matter is in an object, and has no direct unit relationship with power. Common Pitfalls: Some students confuse energy and power and may select Calories because they remember power and energy appear together in physics formulas. Others are distracted by familiar units like Degree or Kilogram without checking what they actually measure. To avoid such errors, always recall the fundamental definition of the quantity and the SI unit attached to it. A quick mental review of basic physics quantities and units can dramatically improve performance on such analogy items. Final Answer: Just as Meter is the unit of Length, Watt is the standard unit of Power, so the correct completion of the analogy is Power : Watt.

Question 11

In this letter analogy question, select the group of letters that completes the pattern: ZXVT : YWUS :: RPNL : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Letter based analogies often involve shifting each letter by a fixed number of positions in the alphabet. In this question the pair ZXVT and YWUS is given and you must apply the same pattern to RPNL to find the missing group of letters. These problems check your comfort with alphabet positions and consistent transformations across multiple letters. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is ZXVT and YWUS, each with four letters. - The second group RPNL also has four letters and must be transformed using the same rule that connects ZXVT to YWUS. - The alphabet positions follow A=1, B=2, up to Z=26. - The options provided are XVTS, TSQP, SQPM, and QOMK. Concept / Approach: The idea is to look at how each letter in the first group changes to produce the second group. If the change is consistent, such as moving one position backward or forward, that transformation can be generalized. After you identify the rule between ZXVT and YWUS, you apply it letter by letter to RPNL and then match the result with one of the answer choices. Thinking in terms of positions rather than just letter shapes makes this process systematic and reliable. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert ZXVT to numeric positions: Z=26, X=24, V=22, T=20.Step 2: Convert YWUS to numeric positions: Y=25, W=23, U=21, S=19.Step 3: Compare each pair: 26 to 25, 24 to 23, 22 to 21, and 20 to 19. Each letter decreases by 1 position in the alphabet.Step 4: Now apply the same shift of minus 1 to RPNL. The positions are R=18, P=16, N=14, L=12.Step 5: Subtract 1 from each: R (18) goes to Q (17), P (16) goes to O (15), N (14) goes to M (13), and L (12) goes to K (11).Step 6: The resulting letters form QOMK, which matches option D, so QOMK is the correct completion. Verification / Alternative check: As a quick verification, you can reverse the transformation for the chosen answer. Starting from QOMK and adding 1 to each letter position gives RPNL, which is the original second group. This confirms that the mapping is consistent and reversible. Testing other options in the same way shows that they do not correspond to a simple minus one shift from RPNL, so they cannot be correct under the established rule. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - XVTS: This group does not arise from subtracting 1 from the letters of RPNL and therefore breaks the observed pattern. - TSQP: The order and letter positions do not match a uniform shift of minus 1 from RPNL, so it is inconsistent with the first pair. - SQPM: Although some letters look similar, the sequence is wrong and does not follow the simple backward shift that maps ZXVT to YWUS. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to focus on the internal pattern within each group, such as the apparent symmetry, instead of checking how the first group maps to the second. Another pitfall is to miscount alphabet positions or shift in the wrong direction. To avoid mistakes, always convert letters into numbers, write down the change clearly, and then apply it accurately to the new group. A small amount of organized work greatly reduces confusion in letter analogy questions. Final Answer: Because each letter in ZXVT moves one step backward in the alphabet to produce YWUS, the same minus one rule applied to RPNL gives QOMK. Therefore the correct answer is QOMK.

Question 12

In this number analogy question, select the related number from the given alternatives: 42 : 20 :: 64 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This number analogy question checks your ability to detect a consistent arithmetic operation linking one number to another. The pair 42 and 20 is provided, and you must apply the same rule to 64 to find the correct related number. Identifying patterns such as halving, dividing, and small adjustments is an essential skill for quantitative reasoning sections. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is 42 and 20, where 20 is generated from 42 by a certain arithmetic rule. - The second starting value is 64 and must be processed by the same rule. - The answer choices are 31, 32, 33, and 34, which are all close enough to require careful checking. - We assume standard integer arithmetic without tricks like digit reversal unless clearly suggested. Concept / Approach: The approach is to test simple, natural operations on 42 and see which one leads to 20. A good starting point is to try halving or dividing by small numbers and then adding or subtracting a constant. Once a suitable rule is found, that same formula is applied to 64. The pattern should be simple, consistent, and easy to explain, because exam setters typically avoid overly complicated constructions for analogies. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Try halving 42. We get 42 / 2 = 21, which is close to 20 but not equal.Step 2: To adjust 21 to 20, subtract 1. This suggests the rule result = (number / 2) - 1.Step 3: Check this rule thoroughly for the first pair: (42 / 2) - 1 = 21 - 1 = 20, which matches the given second number.Step 4: Now apply the same rule to 64: (64 / 2) - 1 = 32 - 1 = 31.Step 5: Among the options, 31 appears and therefore is the only number consistent with the discovered pattern. Verification / Alternative check: Test whether any other simple formula could plausibly generate 20 from 42 and then give a different value for 64 that also appears among the options. For example, adding or subtracting a fixed number directly does not work: 42 - 22 = 20, but then 64 - 22 = 42, which is not an option. Similarly, multiplying by a fraction like 0 point 5 and then adding or subtracting large numbers is less natural. The formula (number / 2) - 1 is simple, elegant, and consistent, so it is the most reasonable pattern. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - 32: This would come from 64 / 2 with no adjustment, which does not fit the given pair because 42 / 2 equals 21, not 20. - 33: There is no simple symmetric rule that transforms 42 to 20 and 64 to 33 in one clean step, so this value is inconsistent. - 34: Similar to 33, selecting 34 would require an artificial rule that is not supported by the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Many candidates guess that the pattern is simply halving and therefore choose 32 directly, overlooking the small subtract one adjustment that is necessary for 42 to become 20. Others may try more complicated combinations and become confused. To avoid this, always verify that the same operation works smoothly on both numbers. Focusing on simple divide then add or subtract patterns keeps your reasoning clear and reduces errors. Final Answer: Using the consistent pattern result = (number / 2) - 1, 42 maps to 20 and 64 maps to 31, so 31 is the correct answer.

Question 13

In this analogy question about instruments and objects, select the related word from the given alternatives: Star : Telescope :: Ship : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question connects an object with the instrument used to observe it. The pair Star and Telescope is given, and you must find the corresponding word related to Ship. Recognizing how different instruments are matched with suitable objects is a common theme in reasoning and general intelligence questions. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is Star and Telescope, where a telescope is used to observe stars and other distant celestial objects. - The second object is Ship, and we must choose an instrument or related item that fits the same observe from a distance idea. - The options are Periscope, Microscope, Deck, and Gyroscope. - We assume standard meanings of these words from basic science and everyday language. Concept / Approach: The key concept is that a telescope is an optical device designed for viewing very distant objects such as stars. We look for an instrument that is used to observe ships, especially when direct line of sight at the surface level is not possible, such as from within a submarine. A periscope is designed exactly for this purpose: to allow someone in a submarine to see ships and the surroundings above the water surface. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the relationship in Star : Telescope. A telescope is an optical instrument used to see stars that are far away.Step 2: Recognize that the second word should be an instrument used to view or detect ships, especially at a distance or from a hidden position.Step 3: Periscope is an optical device used in submarines to observe ships and other objects above the water.Step 4: Microscope is used to see very small, close objects, such as cells and bacteria, not ships.Step 5: Deck is a part of a ship, not an observing instrument, and Gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, not for viewing distant objects.Step 6: Therefore the only option that matches the instrument object pattern is Periscope. Verification / Alternative check: Phrase the relationship in simple sentences to confirm it. A telescope is used to observe a star. A periscope is used to observe a ship from within a submarine. Microscope, Deck, and Gyroscope do not fit into the same sentence structure in a meaningful way, because they either indicate a part of the ship or a different kind of device. This sentence based check confirms the parallel between the two pairs. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Microscope: This tool is used for viewing very tiny objects placed very near, not distant ships, so it breaks the intended relationship. - Deck: A deck is a structural part of a ship and not an instrument for observing something else, so it does not mirror the telescope role. - Gyroscope: A gyroscope helps measure or maintain orientation, particularly in navigation, but it is not used specifically to view ships. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates might be attracted to Deck simply because it is directly related to ships, forgetting that the first pair involves an instrument and not a part of the object. Others may focus on scientific sounding words like Microscope or Gyroscope without checking their actual purpose. To avoid errors, pay attention to the exact type of relationship in the first pair and ensure that the second pair mirrors that relationship as closely as possible. Final Answer: Just as a Telescope is used to observe a Star, a Periscope is used to observe a Ship, so Periscope is the correct answer.

Question 14

In this letter analogy question, select the group of letters that completes the pattern: QSUW : TVXZ :: ACEG : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question involves a letter sequence analogy, where you need to detect how one group of letters is transformed into another. The pair QSUW and TVXZ is given, and the task is to apply the same transformation to ACEG in order to find the missing group. These questions test your understanding of alphabet positions and consistent shifts across several letters. Given Data / Assumptions: - QSUW and TVXZ are both four letter sequences. - ACEG is another four letter sequence whose corresponding partner you must determine. - The alphabet positions follow A=1, B=2, up to Z=26. - The options provided are KMNP, EGMN, DFHJ, and FHIL. Concept / Approach: The natural method is to convert the letters in QSUW and TVXZ into numbers and then compare the differences. If the change is consistent, that shift can be used as a rule. After discovering the pattern, apply the same shift to each letter of ACEG. Finally, convert the resulting positions back to letters and match them with one of the options. Taking this numeric approach eliminates guesswork and ensures a clear logical solution. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write the positions for QSUW: Q=17, S=19, U=21, W=23.Step 2: Write the positions for TVXZ: T=20, V=22, X=24, Z=26.Step 3: Compare each pair: 17 to 20 is +3, 19 to 22 is +3, 21 to 24 is +3, and 23 to 26 is +3, so the rule is add 3 positions to each letter.Step 4: Now apply this +3 rule to ACEG. The positions are A=1, C=3, E=5, G=7.Step 5: Add 3 to each: 1 + 3 = 4 (D), 3 + 3 = 6 (F), 5 + 3 = 8 (H), and 7 + 3 = 10 (J).Step 6: The resulting group of letters is DFHJ, which matches option C exactly.Step 7: Therefore DFHJ is the correct completion of the analogy. Verification / Alternative check: You can quickly verify the solution by reversing the transformation. Subtract 3 from the letters in DFHJ: D (4) becomes A (1), F (6) becomes C (3), H (8) becomes E (5), and J (10) becomes G (7). This brings you back to ACEG, confirming that DFHJ is connected to ACEG by the same +3 shift that connects QSUW to TVXZ. No other option allows such a clean forward and backward mapping. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - KMNP: The letters are far from the positions you obtain by adding 3 to A, C, E, and G, so this sequence does not follow the observed rule. - EGMN: Although it contains some middle letters, the positional differences are inconsistent with the constant +3 shift. - FHIL: This group also fails to match the numerical transformation pattern and cannot be obtained by simply adding 3 to ACEG. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates try to guess by visual similarity or by noticing internal patterns within a single group, such as the constant gap of two letters in ACEG. However, the real test is how one group transforms into another group. Another common mistake is miscounting alphabet positions by one or forgetting to apply the shift to every letter. Always convert letters to numbers, perform the same operation consistently, and then convert back to letters to avoid errors. Final Answer: Since each letter in QSUW moves three positions forward to produce TVXZ, applying the same +3 shift to ACEG yields DFHJ. Therefore the correct answer is DFHJ.

Question 15

In this number analogy question, select the related number from the given alternatives: 12 : 54 :: 15 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Number analogy questions require you to infer a rule that transforms one number into another and then apply the same rule to a different starting number. In this item, the pair 12 and 54 is given, and you must determine which number relates to 15 in the same way. Such problems strengthen your pattern recognition skills and your ability to work with simple formulas under time pressure. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is 12 and 54, with 54 generated from 12 using some arithmetic operation. - The second starting number is 15, and the correct related number must be selected from 56, 64, 67, and 69. - We assume use of basic operations like multiplication and addition or subtraction rather than advanced or obscure operations. - The rule should be reasonably simple and consistent when applied to both numbers. Concept / Approach: One standard method is to examine products of the number with small integers and see if adding or subtracting a small constant yields the given result. For 12 and 54, we look at multiples of 12: 12 * 3 = 36, 12 * 4 = 48, and 12 * 5 = 60. Only 12 * 5 - 6 equals 54. Once you find a neat rule like result = (number * 5) - 6, you apply it to 15 and then check against the answer choices. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute 12 * 5 = 60 and then subtract 6 to get 54. This suggests the rule result = (number * 5) - 6.Step 2: Confirm there is no simpler rule such as number * 4 + 6, which would give 12 * 4 + 6 = 54 as well, but then check its effect on 15 carefully.Step 3: If we try result = (number * 4) + 6 on 15, we get 15 * 4 + 6 = 66, which is not among the options.Step 4: Now apply the chosen rule result = (number * 5) - 6 to 15: 15 * 5 = 75 and 75 - 6 = 69.Step 5: Among the options, only 69 matches this computation, so 69 is the correct answer.Step 6: The rule is consistent and uses small, natural integers, making it suitable for an exam analogy. Verification / Alternative check: Check whether any other simple pattern could map 12 to 54 and 15 to a different option. For instance, 12 * 3 + 18 also gives 54, but then 15 * 3 + 18 equals 63, which is not an option. Similarly, 12 * 4 + 6 works for 12 but fails for 15. The rule using multiplication by 5 and subtraction of 6 is both simple and consistent for the pair and produces one of the given options for 15, which makes it the most reasonable interpretation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - 56: This would arise from 15 * 4 - 4, which does not mirror the transformation used on 12, so it lacks consistency. - 64: No straightforward common rule applied to both 12 and 15 naturally results in 54 and 64 respectively. - 67: Similarly, producing 67 from 15 requires an arbitrary combination of operations that does not fit the first pair cleanly. Common Pitfalls: Students often pick an option that seems arithmetically close to a rough estimate without verifying that the same pattern works with the given pair. Others may try too many complicated formulas and lose track of consistency. The best practice is to search for a rule that comfortably explains the first pair and yields exactly one of the offered choices for the second number. Always cross check your rule for both numbers before finalizing your answer. Final Answer: Using the pattern result = (number * 5) - 6, 12 maps to 54 and 15 maps to 69. Hence 69 is the correct answer.

Question 16

In this analogy question about means of transport, select the related word from the given alternatives: BIRD : AEROPLANE :: FISH : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question relates living creatures with man made vehicles that move in the same medium. You are given the pair BIRD and AEROPLANE and asked to complete the analogy for FISH. Identifying symbolic relationships like creature to vehicle in air and water is a common theme in verbal reasoning questions. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is BIRD : AEROPLANE. - Birds are natural creatures that fly in the air, and aeroplanes are human made machines that also fly in the air. - The second word FISH is a creature that lives and moves in water. - The options are FISHERMAN, SOFA, BOAT, and GLASSES. - We assume a symbolic link where a machine imitates or parallels the motion of a creature in a similar medium. Concept / Approach: The essential idea is that an aeroplane is to air what a certain vehicle is to water. Birds move freely in the sky, and aeroplanes are constructed to move through the sky in a comparable way. Similarly, fish move in water, and boats are human made vehicles designed to move through water. Therefore the same type of relationship holds between FISH and BOAT. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognize that a bird is a living creature that moves in the air.Step 2: Note that an aeroplane is a vehicle built to fly in the air, imitating the ability of birds to travel long distances through the sky.Step 3: Understand that a fish is a living creature that moves in water.Step 4: Identify which option is a vehicle that moves in water. A boat is a watercraft used to travel and transport people or goods across water.Step 5: The other options, fisherman, sofa, and glasses, do not represent water vehicles.Step 6: Therefore BOAT is the item that stands to FISH as AEROPLANE stands to BIRD. Verification / Alternative check: Express the analogy in simple descriptive sentences. A bird flies in the air; an aeroplane also flies in the air. A fish swims in water; a boat moves or sails in water. These paired sentences show parallel relationships. If you try to use fisherman, sofa, or glasses in a similar sentence, the analogy breaks because those words represent a person, a piece of furniture, and an object worn on the face, not a water vehicle. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - FISHERMAN: This describes a person who catches fish, not a vehicle that moves in water, so the type of relationship is different. - SOFA: This is a piece of furniture used for sitting, and it has no direct connection with movement in water. - GLASSES: These are worn on the face to improve vision and do not represent transport in any medium. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may be distracted by the direct association between fish and fisherman, but that relationship is not parallel to bird and aeroplane. The first pair compares a natural flier with a machine flier. The second pair must compare a natural swimmer with a machine that travels in the same environment. To solve such questions correctly, always identify the exact nature of the relationship and ignore options that merely share a loose or superficial link. Final Answer: As BIRD relates to AEROPLANE through the medium of air, FISH relates to BOAT through the medium of water. Therefore BOAT is the correct answer.

Question 17

In this letter analogy question, select the group of letters that completes the pattern: DCBA : WXYS :: IJKL : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question uses letter positions and symmetry in the alphabet. The pair DCBA and WXYS suggests a relationship where letters from the beginning of the alphabet are matched with letters from near the end. You must apply the same idea to IJKL and pick the correct group of letters from the options. Understanding positional symmetry in the alphabet is crucial for such problems. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first group DCBA uses letters from the start of the alphabet in reverse order. - WXYS uses letters near the end of the alphabet and appears to be intended as a corresponding reversed sequence, with a likely minor printing variation in the last letter. - The second given group is IJKL, and we need to find the matching group that plays the same opposite side role near the end of the alphabet. - The options are SRQP, QPON, RQPO, and PONM. Concept / Approach: The conceptual idea is to pair early alphabet letters with letters positioned symmetrically from the end, like mirror images. For example, A corresponds to Z, B to Y, C to X, and D to W. When DCBA is considered, its natural counterpart on the opposite side would be WXYZ in reverse order. The given WXYS is close to that idea. Applying the same symmetry to IJKL, we map each letter to its opposite partner from the end of the alphabet and then arrange them in a corresponding order. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Map early letters to their opposites: A pairs with Z, B with Y, C with X, and D with W.Step 2: The sequence DCBA therefore corresponds to WXYZ if we follow this opposite side pairing strictly.Step 3: Interpreting WXYS as a near representation of this pattern, we treat the pair as showing early letters matched with letters from the end region.Step 4: Now take IJKL. Find their opposite partners: I (9) pairs with R (18), J (10) with Q (17), K (11) with P (16), and L (12) with O (15).Step 5: The resulting letters in order are R, Q, P, O, forming RQPO.Step 6: Among the options, RQPO appears as option C, so that is the correct match.Step 7: This preserves the idea of mirroring early letters with later letters in the alphabet. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by counting positions from both ends. I is the 9th letter from the start and R is the 9th letter from the end. J is the 10th from the start and Q is the 10th from the end, and so on for K and P, L and O. This confirms that RQPO is the precise mirror counterpart to IJKL, just as WXYZ is the counterpart to ABCD. The approximate pattern DCBA : WXYS is therefore mirrored by IJKL : RQPO. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - SRQP: This sequence shifts the letters one position away from the exact mirror mapping and does not match the symmetric positions accurately. - QPON: While it uses letters from the same general region, the order does not reflect the exact pairings for IJKL based on symmetric positions. - PONM: This moves even further away from the precise counterpart pattern and fails to reflect the positional symmetry used in the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Some test takers simply reverse IJKL to get LKJI or pick any reversed looking group from the options. Others may focus on internal patterns rather than the positional relationship to the ends of the alphabet. To avoid such mistakes, always translate letters into their positions, check symmetry with respect to the beginning and end, and then convert back to letters in a clear, stepwise way. Final Answer: By pairing IJKL with their symmetric counterparts from the end of the alphabet, we obtain RQPO. Hence the correct answer is RQPO.

Question 18

In this number analogy question, select the related number from the given alternatives: 72 : 90 :: 156 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This number analogy problem involves factor based reasoning. You are given the pair 72 and 90 and must determine which number relates to 156 in the same manner. Reasoning with products of consecutive integers is a common pattern in aptitude questions and appears frequently in exam settings. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first number is 72 and the second number is 90. - The second starting number is 156 and the options to match are 184, 168, 182, and 176. - We look for a natural pattern using factors or products that is consistent across both pairs. - We assume standard integer arithmetic with no hidden tricks such as digit manipulation unless clearly supported. Concept / Approach: One useful approach is to express 72 and 90 in terms of products of consecutive integers. Notice that 72 can be written as 8 * 9 and 90 can be written as 9 * 10. This suggests that the rule may relate a product of two consecutive integers to the product of the next two consecutive integers. If that pattern holds, we can apply it to 156 by expressing 156 as a product of consecutive integers and then shifting to the next pair. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Factor 72 as 8 * 9, where 8 and 9 are consecutive integers.Step 2: Observe that 90 equals 9 * 10, which is formed by taking the second factor 9 and multiplying it by the next integer 10.Step 3: This indicates the rule: if the first number is n * (n + 1), the second number is (n + 1) * (n + 2).Step 4: Now factor 156. We get 12 * 13, which again are consecutive integers.Step 5: Apply the rule: take 13 and multiply it by the next integer 14, giving 13 * 14 = 182.Step 6: Among the options, 182 appears as choice C, so it is the correct answer.Step 7: The pattern is therefore consistent and factor based. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can restate the rule for the first pair. If the first number is 8 * 9, then the second is 9 * 10. For the second pair, if the first number is 12 * 13, then the second should be 13 * 14. Both follow exactly the same structure. Check quickly that none of the other options equals 13 * 14. Because 13 * 14 is exactly 182, no other answer can satisfy the rule. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - 184: This does not equal 13 * 14 and would require a different, more complicated rule, so it is not consistent with the first pair. - 168: Although it is near 156, it cannot be written as 13 * 14 and therefore breaks the pattern. - 176: This also fails to match the factor pattern and appears to be a distractor close in magnitude, not in structure. Common Pitfalls: Many students only look at the difference 90 minus 72 equal to 18 and then try to apply a fixed addition to 156. However, 156 plus 18 equals 174, which is not even one of the options. Others may try random multiplication or division without considering factorization into consecutive integers. To avoid these traps, always check whether the given numbers have a meaningful factor structure before trying arbitrary arithmetic. Final Answer: Because 72 and 90 can be written as 8 * 9 and 9 * 10, and 156 can be written as 12 * 13, the corresponding second number should be 13 * 14 which equals 182. Thus 182 is the correct answer.

Question 19

In this analogy question, select the related word from the given alternatives: Medicine : Patient :: Education : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This verbal analogy question connects an activity or service with the person who receives it. Medicine is related to Patient, and you need to determine who is similarly related to Education. This type of question is common in reasoning exams to check understanding of basic relationships between services and beneficiaries. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first pair is Medicine and Patient. - Medicine is something given to a patient for treatment and recovery. - The second word is Education, which is a process of teaching and learning. - The options are Teacher, School, Student, and Tuition. - We assume ordinary meanings of these words as used in everyday life and education systems. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to identify the receiver in each relationship. A doctor gives medicine, and the patient receives medicine. Similarly, a teacher or educational institution provides education, and the student receives it. So you must find the word that names the usual receiver of education, paralleling the patient in the first pair. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Interpret the first pair. Medicine is a treatment given to a patient.Step 2: Recognize that the relationship focuses on the recipient, not the provider. The patient is the person who receives medicine.Step 3: For the second pair, education is a teaching and learning process.Step 4: Identify who receives education. Students are the individuals who receive and benefit from education provided by teachers and schools.Step 5: Check each option: Teacher is a provider, School is a place or institution, Student is the receiver, and Tuition is a form of teaching or fees.Step 6: Only Student stands in the same receiver relationship to Education that Patient stands in to Medicine. Verification / Alternative check: Rewrite the analogy in simple sentences. Medicine is given to a patient. Education is given to a student. Compare this with other options: a teacher is the one who gives education, a school is the place where education happens, and tuition is a system or payment related to education. Only student fits the receiver role exactly, aligning with patient in the first pair. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Teacher: A teacher provides education rather than receiving it, so the relationship is reversed. - School: A school is an institution that organizes education, not the person who receives it. - Tuition: This may mean additional teaching or fees for education, but it is not the recipient of education. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may pick Teacher because it is strongly associated with education, or School because it is the place of learning. However, the analogy is specifically between the treatment or service and the person who receives it. To solve such questions accurately, always check whether you are matching provider to provider, receiver to receiver, or place to place and choose accordingly. Focusing on the precise role rather than general association helps avoid these confusion points. Final Answer: As Medicine is given to a Patient, Education is given to a Student. Therefore Student is the correct completion of the analogy.

Question 20

In this letter coding analogy question, select the related group of letters from the given alternatives: LAMP : IXJM :: FISH : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a letter coding analogy question where each letter of one word is systematically transformed to produce another word. The pair LAMP and IXJM is given, and you must apply the same transformation to FISH. These problems check your ability to work comfortably with alphabet positions and consistent shifts across multiple letters. Given Data / Assumptions: - The first word is LAMP and its coded form is IXJM. - The second word to be coded is FISH. - The answer choices are CGPF, CFQE, CFPE, and CGQF. - We use the standard alphabet positions A=1, B=2, up to Z=26. Concept / Approach: The main idea is to convert letters into numbers, compare positions between LAMP and IXJM, and find a consistent shift. If every letter in LAMP is moved backward by the same number of positions to get IXJM, the same shift rule must be applied to FISH to find its code. Once the mapping is identified, simply compute the result systematically rather than guessing based on letter shapes. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert LAMP to positions: L=12, A=1, M=13, P=16.Step 2: Convert IXJM to positions: I=9, X=24, J=10, M=13.Step 3: Compare each pair of positions. For L to I, 12 to 9 is minus 3. For A to X, 1 minus 3 wraps backward to position 24, which is X. For M to J, 13 to 10 is minus 3. For P to M, 16 to 13 is also minus 3.Step 4: The consistent rule is subtract 3 positions from each letter, wrapping around the alphabet if necessary.Step 5: Now apply this rule to FISH. The letters have positions F=6, I=9, S=19, H=8.Step 6: Subtract 3 from each: 6 minus 3 equals 3 (C), 9 minus 3 equals 6 (F), 19 minus 3 equals 16 (P), and 8 minus 3 equals 5 (E).Step 7: The resulting letters are C, F, P, E, forming CFPE, which matches option C exactly. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, apply the same minus 3 rule again to CFPE and see if you return to a meaningful word or pattern. However, the key check is that the transformation from LAMP to IXJM is consistently minus 3 for each letter and that applying minus 3 to FISH yields CFPE. No other option arises from this exact rule. Testing any other option backward does not give FISH under a consistent shift, which confirms that CFPE is the intended code. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - CGPF: The mapping from FISH to CGPF would require different shifts for different letters and is not consistent with the rule used on LAMP. - CFQE: This sequence partially resembles CFPE but has Q instead of P, which does not match a uniform minus 3 transformation. - CGQF: This also fails to follow the minus 3 rule and involves irregular letter changes. Common Pitfalls: Some students try to guess based on partial matches with the original word or focus on only one or two letters. Others may calculate the shift between one letter pair and forget to check if the same shift works for all letters. To avoid these errors, always calculate the positions for each letter, confirm the same arithmetic step applies everywhere, and then apply that rule systematically to the new word. Final Answer: Using the coding rule subtract 3 alphabet positions for each letter, FISH becomes CFPE, so CFPE is the correct answer.

Analogy Questions