Question 1

Motorcycle is related to Battery as a source of power. In the same way, Life is related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy is about sources of energy. A Motorcycle needs a Battery as a key source for starting and electrical power. You must extend this idea of essential power source from the mechanical context of a motorcycle to the broader context of Life on Earth. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) A Motorcycle uses a Battery to provide electrical energy for ignition and operation of various systems. Concept / Approach: The first pair expresses the relationship between a machine and its immediate source of stored energy. For Life on Earth, the ultimate and primary source of energy is the Sun. Plants use sunlight to produce food through photosynthesis, and that energy flows through food chains to almost all living organisms. Among the options Star, Moon, Sun, and Earth, the Sun is both a star and the recognised primary energy source for Life. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the Battery provides the initial and ongoing electrical energy needed for a Motorcycle to function. Step 2: Understand that the analogy is about a crucial source of energy for a system. Step 3: Consider Life on Earth as the second system. The primary natural energy source for most forms of life is the Sun. Step 4: Evaluate the options. Star is a general category and could include many stars that have no effect on Earth. Moon reflects sunlight and influences tides but is not the fundamental energy provider for life. Step 5: Earth is the environment where life exists, not the energy source itself. Step 6: Therefore Sun is the correct parallel source for Life, just as Battery is for Motorcycle. Verification / Alternative check: Think of energy flow. The Battery stores chemical energy that becomes electrical energy for the Motorcycle. For Life, ecosystems depend on solar energy that drives climate and allows plants to produce food. While the Sun is a Star, simply choosing Star would lose the specific link to Earth. The Moon and Earth do not supply the majority of energy for biological processes, so they are weaker choices. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Star is too general and does not point specifically to the energy source of life on this planet. Moon provides light at night and affects tides but is not the primary source of energy for life. Earth is the place where life exists and where resources are found, but energy still arrives mainly from the Sun. Common Pitfalls: Some students may be tempted to pick Earth because they associate life strongly with the planet. However, the type of relationship in the first pair is not location but power source. Recognising that the Battery is an energy source pushes you to look for the main energy source for Life, which is the Sun. Final Answer: Thus, the correct completion of the analogy is Life : Sun, just as Motorcycle : Battery. The correct answer is Sun.

Question 2

Yard is related to Fence as a surrounding boundary. In the same way, Cell is related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy compares boundaries in different contexts. A Yard is an area of land around a house, and a Fence surrounds or encloses it. The question asks for the equivalent enclosing structure for a Cell in biology, which checks basic life science knowledge. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) A Yard is an open area often enclosed for safety, privacy, or marking property limits. Concept / Approach: In the first pair, Fence is the enclosing boundary around the Yard. In biology, the outer boundary that encloses the contents of a Cell is the Cell Membrane, also called the plasma membrane. It separates the cell interior from the external environment. Therefore, Membrane is the structure that plays the same role as Fence does for a Yard. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the relationship in Yard : Fence as region and its enclosing boundary. Step 2: Recall the basic parts of a Cell. The Cell Membrane surrounds the Cytoplasm and organelles. Step 3: Examine the options. Mitochondria and Nucleus are internal organelles. Cytoplasm is the fluid interior in which organelles are suspended. Step 4: Membrane is the outer barrier that performs the same enclosing function as a Fence. Step 5: Therefore, the analogy is Cell : Membrane. Verification / Alternative check: Think in terms of boundaries. For a yard, we usually talk about building a fence around it. For a cell, we speak about the cell membrane as the protective boundary. We do not say a cell is surrounded by cytoplasm or by mitochondria. These are inside the cell, so they cannot be matched with the idea of an enclosing boundary. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Mitochondria are internal energy producing structures, often called the powerhouses of the cell. Cytoplasm is the internal fluid medium that fills the cell and supports organelles. Nucleus is the internal control center containing genetic material. None of these act as the external enclosing structure, so they do not parallel a Fence. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may choose Cytoplasm because they remember it surrounds organelles. However, the analogy is specifically about enclosing the entire cell, just as a fence encloses an entire yard. The cell membrane is the structure that separates inside from outside, so it is the best match. Final Answer: Thus, Yard is to Fence as Cell is to Membrane. The correct answer is Membrane.

Question 3

In this verbal analogy question, “Thread is to String as Cask is to ______”. Choose the word that stands to “Cask” in the same way that a string is related to a thread.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a classic verbal analogy from aptitude reasoning. The structure is “Thread is to String as Cask is to ?”. In such questions, you must understand the relationship between the first pair of words and then find the option that has the same kind of relationship with the second given word. These analogies test vocabulary, word associations, and the ability to see part–whole or type–class relationships rather than guessing purely by memory. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Thread and String. • Second word given: Cask. • Options: Barrel, Disc, Wallet, Box. • We work with standard English meanings used in general aptitude exams. • The relationship in both pairs should be of the same logical type, for example type–class, part–whole, or synonym. Concept / Approach: A string is essentially a kind of thin cord made of twisted or interwoven threads. In simple language, a thread is a basic unit and a string is the thicker, more complete form built from threads. So thread and string are closely related; the string is the familiar, larger object and thread is a basic element in that context. For the second pair, we must look for a common everyday word which stands in a similar relation to “cask”. The key idea is that a cask is a specific kind of large container for liquids, especially one made of wood. A very close everyday synonym for this is “barrel”. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand “Thread : String”. A string is formed using threads or can be described as a length of thread used as a cord. The two words are very closely related; string is the main noun used for the practical object. Step 2: Understand the meaning of “Cask”. A cask is a large container, usually wooden, used for storing liquids such as wine, beer, or other beverages. Step 3: Examine the options. “Barrel” is a common word for a large cylindrical container, often exactly the same kind of object that “cask” refers to. “Disc”, “Wallet”, and “Box” are not special names for this type of wooden liquid container. Step 4: Therefore, “Cask : Barrel” has a close type–synonym or near synonym relationship, in the same way that “Thread : String” shares a strong everyday association as related forms of the same basic item. Verification / Alternative check: We can also think of the relationship as “specialised or technical term” to “more common everyday term”. “Cask” is a slightly more specialised word, while “barrel” is the simpler and more commonly used word. Similarly, “thread” is the finer element that we often describe as “string” when it is used as a cord. None of the other options, such as “Disc” or “Wallet”, can be used interchangeably with “cask”. A disc is a flat circular object, a wallet is for money, and a box is a general container but not specifically the same as a cask. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Disc: Refers to a flat circular object such as a compact disc or plate, not a liquid storage container. • Wallet: A small case used to carry money or cards, unrelated to large wooden containers for liquids. • Box: A general container, usually rectangular; it does not capture the special meaning of a cask used for liquids. Common Pitfalls: Some learners overthink this question and search for a very complicated analogy such as part–whole. In exam settings, however, many analogies are based on simple synonym or near synonym relationships. Another common mistake is to pick “Box” because it is also a container. However, cask refers specifically to a barrel like vessel for liquids, so the precise and accepted match in standard verbal reasoning is “Barrel”. Final Answer: The correct word that completes the analogy is Barrel.

Question 4

In this medical analogy, “Eye is to Myopia as Teeth is to ______”. Choose the disease or condition that is related to teeth in the same way that myopia is related to the eye.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This verbal analogy links organs of the human body with diseases that commonly affect them. The pattern is “Eye : Myopia :: Teeth : ?”. Such questions are very common in general aptitude and general knowledge tests because they check basic awareness of medical terms and the ability to pair an organ with an associated disorder. Given Data / Assumptions: • Organ in first pair: Eye. • Disease in first pair: Myopia (short sightedness). • Organ in second pair: Teeth. • Options: Cataract, Trachoma, Eczema, Pyorrhea. • We assume standard school level knowledge of which part of the body each disease affects. Concept / Approach: The relationship in the first pair is “organ : disease that affects that organ”. Myopia is a defect of vision where a person can see near objects clearly but distant objects appear blurred. It specifically affects the eye. We must therefore select an option that names a disease or disorder which primarily affects the teeth or the supporting structures around them, keeping the relation strictly parallel between the two pairs. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the first relationship. Eye is the organ, and myopia is a common eye defect. So the pattern is “organ : its disease or defect”. Step 2: Examine each option in relation to teeth. Cataract is an opacity of the lens that affects the eye, not the teeth. Trachoma is an infectious disease of the eye, involving the conjunctiva and cornea. Eczema is an inflammatory condition of the skin, not of the teeth. Pyorrhea is a disease of the gums and supporting tissues of the teeth, often associated with discharge of pus and loosening of teeth. Step 3: Only pyorrhea has a direct and standard association with the teeth and their surrounding structures in dental health. Verification / Alternative check: In general reasoning books and competitive exam material, myopia and pyorrhea often appear as typical examples of diseases of the eye and teeth respectively. The other options belong clearly to different organs: cataract and trachoma for eyes, eczema for skin. Because the analogy demands the same kind of relationship across both sides, we need a disease of the teeth or gums to match teeth in the second pair. Pyorrhea fits perfectly into this slot. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Cataract: A disease of the eye lens causing clouding of vision, so it matches eye, not teeth. • Trachoma: An infectious eye disease affecting the conjunctiva and cornea, again linked with the eye. • Eczema: A skin condition causing irritation and inflammation, not associated with teeth or gums. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes candidates see cataract or trachoma and think that the second half is also about the eye. However, analogies are about preserving the same pattern between the two pairs, not repeating the same organ. Another mistake is not recalling exactly what pyorrhea is and therefore ignoring it. Learning a few standard pairs such as eye–myopia, ear–otitis, teeth–pyorrhea can be very helpful in verbal reasoning exams. Final Answer: The disease related to teeth in the same way that myopia is related to the eye is Pyorrhea.

Question 5

Complete the biological analogy: “Bill is to Law as ______ is to Insect”. Choose the developmental stage that relates to “Insect” in the same way a bill relates to a law.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question combines a civics idea with a basic biology concept in the form of an analogy. The pattern given is “Bill : Law :: ? : Insect”. In government, a bill is a draft that can later become a law. In biology, certain early forms later develop into a mature insect. The objective is to recognize that both sides of the analogy show a transformation from an initial stage to a final stage. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Bill and Law. • Second target word: Insect. • Options: Pupa, Stage, Larva, Bird. • We assume basic knowledge of law making (bill turning into law) and insect life cycles. Concept / Approach: The key relationship in the first pair is that of an initial or preparatory form turning into a final or fully adopted form. A bill is a proposed piece of legislation placed before a legislature. After debate, amendments, and approval, that bill is passed and becomes a law. In the biological context, an insect often passes through different developmental stages such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult. We must pick the stage that is to an insect what a bill is to a law, that is, an earlier form that eventually becomes the insect. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Clarify the first relationship. A bill is not yet a law. It is a draft that can become law after proper procedure. So we have “preliminary form : final form”. Step 2: Think about the life cycle of many insects. They often exist as larva, then pupa, then adult insect. The adult insect is the final or mature form. Step 3: Examine the options. Pupa is indeed a stage in insect development, usually the stage just before the adult form in complete metamorphosis. Stage is a very general word and does not name a specific biology stage. Larva is the early active feeding stage that later develops, through metamorphosis, into an adult insect. Bird is not part of an insect life cycle at all. Step 4: Determine which option best parallels the “preliminary to final” idea for insect. Both larva and pupa are early forms, but the most familiar general school level comparison is “larva becomes insect”. Many standard analogy questions use this pair exactly. Verification / Alternative check: Many reasoning books present the exact pair “Bill : Law :: Larva : Insect” because both larva and bill represent an earlier immature form that can become the final recognized form, namely insect and law. Pupa is also a stage, but the typical and more general school level description of transformation is from larva to insect. “Stage” is too vague and does not name a specific biological form. Bird is clearly unrelated. Therefore, larva is the most accurate answer in the context of exam style analogies. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Pupa: Although a real insect stage, the analogy widely used at this level is from larva to insect. Pupa is less directly associated with the general word insect in basic analogy questions. • Stage: Very general term, it does not identify a specific earlier biological form that clearly transforms into an insect. • Bird: Completely unrelated to the life cycle of an insect and cannot fit the transform relationship needed here. Common Pitfalls: Test takers may be tempted by “pupa” because it is a valid insect life cycle stage, but analogy questions usually use the most straightforward and commonly taught pair. Another mistake is to select “stage” simply because it sounds general enough, but this breaks the neat “named early form to named final form” pattern. Keeping in mind how exam setters usually choose simple textbook word pairs helps to avoid such errors. Final Answer: The word that best completes the analogy is Larva.

Question 6

In this tool and action analogy, “Sword is to Slaughter as Scalpel is to ______”. Choose the action that stands to “Scalpel” as “Slaughter” stands to “Sword”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy connects instruments or tools with typical activities carried out using them. The pair “Sword : Slaughter” suggests a weapon and the violent act associated with it. The question then asks for the corresponding activity associated with “Scalpel”, a very different kind of sharp instrument used in an entirely different context. Recognizing the domain and purpose of each tool is the key here. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Sword and Slaughter. • Second tool: Scalpel. • Options: Chopping, Surgery, Stab, Murder. • We assume standard meanings: sword as a weapon, scalpel as a surgical tool. Concept / Approach: A sword is primarily a weapon used in battle or killing. Slaughter refers to killing, usually in a brutal or large scale manner. Thus, the sword is strongly associated with the act of slaughter. In contrast, a scalpel is a small, precise cutting instrument used by doctors and surgeons. It is associated not with killing but with medical operations intended to diagnose or heal. The most natural association for scalpel is therefore surgery, which is a medical procedure requiring cutting tissues carefully. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Clarify “Sword : Slaughter”. Sword is a sharp weapon. Slaughter is a type of killing often carried out with weapons. The relationship is “instrument used for” and “the associated act”. Step 2: Think about what professionals use a scalpel for. In hospitals and operating theatres, surgeons use scalpels to make precise incisions during operations. Step 3: Examine the options. Chopping is a generic cutting action, often associated with knives and vegetables or wood, not specifically with scalpels. Surgery is the branch of medicine that uses operative techniques, including cutting the body with a scalpel. Stab is a sudden thrust with a pointed weapon. A scalpel is not primarily designed for stabbing but for careful incisions. Murder is unlawful killing, usually associated with weapons like guns or knives, not specifically a surgeon's scalpel. Step 4: Only “Surgery” captures the correct and professional activity that is strongly linked with a scalpel. Verification / Alternative check: We can rephrase the analogy as: “A sword is a weapon used for slaughter; a scalpel is a medical instrument used for surgery.” This maintains the structural pattern “tool : its typical operation or domain”. Slaughter and surgery are not just simple verbs but represent entire domains or activities. No other option has the same precise professional link with the scalpel as surgery has. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Chopping: Generic action, not the specialised medical operation associated with a scalpel. • Stab: Sudden thrust usually associated with weapons in violence, not the controlled incisions of an operation. • Murder: A criminal act of killing, which does not match the professional medical context of a scalpel. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates choose “Stab” because both sword and scalpel are sharp, and stabbing seems related to sharp points. However, the exam expects you to recognise professional usage and typical domain, not just any possible action. Another mistake is to match on emotional tone, pairing violent words together, instead of examining real world function. Keeping focus on the primary, socially accepted use of each tool leads directly to the right answer. Final Answer: The correct word that completes the analogy is Surgery.

Question 7

In this vocabulary question, choose the correct antonym (opposite in meaning) of the word “Censure”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The question asks for the antonym, that is, the word with opposite meaning, of “censure”. Vocabulary questions of this type are common in English language sections of competitive exams. They check not only your recognition of a target word but also how clearly you can contrast it with common verbs that may appear similar or simply neutral. Given Data / Assumptions: • Target word: censure. • Options: commend, augment, enthral, reform. • We assume standard dictionary meanings in general English usage. • The task is to find a word that expresses the opposite attitude or action to censure. Concept / Approach: “Censure” means strong disapproval or criticism, usually in a formal or serious way. For example, a committee may censure a member for misconduct. The antonym should therefore express praise, approval, or positive judgment. Among the options, we look for a verb that indicates praising or expressing approval rather than criticising or disapproving. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand “censure”. To censure someone is to blame or criticise them severely, often in an official capacity. It is stronger than simple mild disapproval. Step 2: Consider the meaning of each option. Commend means to praise or express approval of someone or something. For example, a manager may commend an employee for good work. Augment means to increase, enlarge, or make something greater in quantity or degree. Enthral means to fascinate, captivate, or hold someone's attention completely. Reform means to improve something or someone by making changes, usually for the better. Step 3: Identify the word that is opposite in attitude to “censure”. “Commend” stands in clear opposition: censure means express strong disapproval, commend means express strong approval or praise. Verification / Alternative check: In official or formal contexts, the contrast is often seen clearly. A parliament or committee may censure a member for misconduct, but it may commend a member for exemplary service. Both verbs are used with similar grammatical patterns but convey opposite judgments. The other options do not offer this direct contrast. Augment and reform deal with change, and enthral relates to holding attention, none of which are about formal praise or blame. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Augment: Means to increase or enlarge. It does not express any judgment, positive or negative, so it is not an antonym of censure. • Enthral: Means to fascinate or captivate. This is unrelated to expressing approval or disapproval. • Reform: Means to improve by correction or change. It might be a response after censure but it is not the opposite meaning of the word itself. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse “reform” as an opposite because they imagine a person going from bad behaviour to good behaviour. However, antonym questions are about the meanings of the words themselves, not a story around them. The precise semantic opposite of strong criticism is strong praise or approval, which is exactly what “commend” expresses. Keeping focus on direct semantic contrast is essential for antonym questions. Final Answer: The correct antonym of “censure” is commend.

Question 8

Complete the cause and emotion analogy: “Fear is to Threat as Anger is to ______”. Choose the option that stands to anger in the same way that a threat stands to fear.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question connects emotions with their usual causes or triggers. The first pair is “Fear : Threat”, which suggests that threat is something that causes fear. You are asked to find what typically causes anger in the same way. These types of questions test understanding of everyday psychological relationships rather than exact dictionary definitions. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Fear and Threat. • Second emotion: Anger. • Options: Panic, Compulsion, Force, Provocation. • We assume normal everyday usage of these words in emotional contexts. Concept / Approach: Fear does not appear without reason. When a person perceives a danger or threat, fear arises as a response. So the relationship is “emotion : typical cause or stimulus”. The question asks for a similar cause behind anger. We must identify which option usually serves as a trigger for anger in common situations, keeping the pattern “emotion caused by” consistent on both sides of the analogy. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Clarify the first relationship. Threat refers to danger or possibility of harm. This danger leads to fear. So threat is a cause, fear is its emotional effect. Step 2: Consider what commonly causes anger. People often become angry when they are insulted, teased, treated unfairly, or otherwise provoked. The word that covers this idea is provocation. Step 3: Examine each option. Panic is itself an emotion or reaction, more intense than fear, not a cause of anger. Compulsion is a force or pressure that makes a person do something. It can cause frustration but is not the standard cause term that parallels threat. Force means physical power or coercion, not specifically the trigger word for anger as an emotion. Provocation means an action or statement that deliberately makes someone annoyed or angry. Step 4: The only option that is a stimulus for anger, in the same way that a threat is a stimulus for fear, is provocation. Verification / Alternative check: We can restate the analogy: “Fear is caused by threat; anger is caused by provocation.” This keeps the cause on the right side of the colon and the emotion on the left side. Threat and provocation both name external conditions or acts. Panic and force are either emotional reactions or more general words that do not align neatly with this simple cause–effect structure. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Panic: Another emotional state similar to fear but stronger. It is an effect, not a common cause of anger. • Compulsion: Pressure to act in a certain way. It might lead to frustration but is not the standard word used for a direct trigger of anger. • Force: Physical power or coercion. It is too broad and does not specifically label an action that creates anger in the way provocation does. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes pick another emotion such as panic, assuming the analogy pairs emotions with emotions. However, the first pair already shows that fear is matched with its cause, threat, not with another feeling. Keeping track of which side is cause and which is effect, and repeating that pattern for the second pair, prevents such confusion. Final Answer: The word that completes the analogy correctly is Provocation.

Question 9

Letters analogy: “BE is related to FI and LO is related to PS in the same way as RU is related to ______”. Choose the pair of letters that follows the same pattern of alphabetic shifts.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a letter analogy question that tests your ability to track systematic movement through the alphabet. You are given two examples of how pairs of letters are transformed: “BE” becomes “FI”, and “LO” becomes “PS”. You must recognise this pattern and then apply it to the pair “RU” to find the correct related pair among the options. Given Data / Assumptions: • First example: BE is related to FI. • Second example: LO is related to PS. • Target pair: RU. • Options: VY, WZ, VZ, VX. • We assume the standard English alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: Letter analogies usually involve adding or subtracting a fixed number of positions in the alphabet. To discover the pattern, we handle each letter position separately. We observe how B changes to F and how E changes to I, then confirm that the same pattern is used in the second example LO to PS. Once this rule is known, we apply it to the letters R and U to find the correct output. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert BE to numbers. B is position 2, E is position 5. FI is F (6) and I (9). Step 2: Observe the changes. From B (2) to F (6), the shift is +4. From E (5) to I (9), again the shift is +4. So each letter is moved forward by four places in the alphabet. Step 3: Check the second example LO to PS. L is 12 and P is 16; this is +4. O is 15 and S is 19; this is also +4. So the rule “add 4 to each letter” works for both examples. Step 4: Apply this rule to RU. R is 18, U is 21. Adding 4: 18 + 4 = 22, which is V, and 21 + 4 = 25, which is Y. Step 5: Therefore RU should be related to VY. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly verify by writing down the sequence around each letter. For R, the next four letters are S, T, U, V. For U, the next four letters are V, W, X, Y. The final letters after four steps are V and Y respectively. Check the options: only VY fits this combination. This confirms that the analogy uses a simple constant shift of +4 positions for each letter in the pair. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • WZ: W is 23 and Z is 26, which would correspond to shifts of +5 for R and +5 for U, not the required +4. • VZ: V is correct for the first letter but Z is position 26, which would mean a shift of +5 from U, again breaking the pattern. • VX: V is correct for the first letter but X is 24, which is only +3 from U. This does not match the constant +4 movement used in the examples. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes candidates notice the correct first letter but ignore the second letter or do not verify that the shift is constant for both letters in each pair. Another frequent error is to miscount steps in the alphabet when doing mental arithmetic. Writing down the alphabet or explicitly counting each move can prevent such small but costly mistakes in letter analogy questions. Final Answer: The pair of letters that RU is related to in the same way BE is related to FI and LO to PS is VY.

Question 10

In this synonym analogy, “Highbrow is to Cultivated as Suave is to ______”. Choose the word that relates to “Suave” in the same way “Cultivated” relates to “Highbrow”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy is based on synonym relationships in advanced vocabulary. Highbrow is often used for an intellectual or cultured person, and cultivated is a synonym that suggests refinement and education. The second part of the analogy uses the word suave and asks for a similar synonym. These questions check your understanding of subtle differences between words that have overlapping meanings. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Highbrow and Cultivated. • Second given word: Suave. • Options: egant (misprinted elegant), Urbane, Stylish, Broad-minded. • We assume standard English vocabulary and that the relationship is based on near synonyms. Concept / Approach: Highbrow is a slightly informal word referring to someone who is highly cultured, intellectual, or interested in serious art and literature. Cultivated describes a person who is refined, well educated, and cultured. They are pair of near synonyms. For the second part, suave describes a person, usually a man, who is smooth, polished, and socially graceful. The best synonym in the options for this meaning is urbane, which refers to a sophisticated, polite, and confident manner, especially in social situations. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the first pair. Highbrow implies refined tastes and intellectual interests. Cultivated also suggests refinement, education, and culture. So they are near synonyms describing a person of culture. Step 2: Analyse the word suave. It usually describes a person who is charming, smooth, and polite, especially in a way that is socially sophisticated. Step 3: Examine each option. The first option “egant” seems to be a misprint of “elegant”. Elegant means tastefully graceful and stylish in appearance or manner. It is related but not as precise for social polish as suave. Urbane means refined, courteous, and sophisticated, especially in a city or social context. This is very close to suave in describing polished manners. Stylish means fashionable or well designed, focusing more on clothing and look rather than behaviour or manners. Broad-minded means tolerant and open to different opinions or behaviours, which is about attitude, not style. Step 4: Only urbane captures the same quality of smooth, socially polished behaviour that suave implies. Verification / Alternative check: We can restate both pairs as synonym pairs: “Highbrow: Cultivated” and “Suave: Urbane”. Many advanced English vocabulary books directly list suave and urbane as near synonyms. Elegant and stylish are more focused on appearance and clothing, whereas suave and urbane emphasize manner and social charm. Broad-minded is a different semantic field entirely. This confirms urbane as the best parallel to cultivated in terms of relationship type. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • egant (elegant): Related, but elegant emphasises visual grace or design. It does not specifically capture the smooth social behaviour of a suave person. • Stylish: Focused mainly on fashion and appearance rather than cultural or social sophistication. • Broad-minded: Relates to tolerance and openness, not to polished behaviour or refined manners. Common Pitfalls: Examinees often choose words that feel vaguely positive, such as elegant or stylish, but analogies require the same type of relationship. The first pair is clearly a synonym pair describing intellectual refinement. The second pair must also be a synonym pair describing social refinement. Urbane is the exact match and therefore the safest choice for high level vocabulary questions. Final Answer: The correct word that completes the analogy is Urbane.

Question 11

Analogy with opposites: “Indolence is related to Work in the same way as Taciturn is related to ______”. Choose the word that stands opposite to taciturn as work stands opposite to indolence.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy is built around pairs of words that show opposite qualities. Indolence refers to laziness or reluctance to work, so work stands as the contrasting concept. The question asks you to apply the same idea to taciturn, which describes a person's speech behaviour. Recognising that both pairs express an opposite relationship between a personality trait and an activity is the key. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Indolence and Work. • Second key word: Taciturn. • Options: Observe, Speak, Cheat, Act. • We assume standard meanings: indolence as laziness, taciturn as habitually silent. Concept / Approach: Indolence is lack of willingness to work or activity. The opposite or contrasting concept is work, the very activity that an indolent person avoids. Taciturn is a personality trait that means reserved or disinclined to talk. Therefore, we look for a word in the options that represents the activity that a taciturn person does not do often, similar to how a lazy person does not work much. The natural choice is “speak”. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Clarify the first relationship. Indolence is laziness. A person with indolence avoids work. So the pair “Indolence : Work” represents “dislike or absence of” versus “the activity that is avoided”. Step 2: Understand the word taciturn. A taciturn person is habitually silent or uncommunicative. They talk very little and avoid conversation. Step 3: Examine each option in relation to taciturn. Observe means to watch carefully. It is not a direct opposite of taciturn, which is about talking habits. Speak is the act of talking or expressing oneself aloud, which is precisely what taciturn people rarely do. Cheat means to act dishonestly to gain advantage. It is unrelated to being quiet or talkative. Act means to take action or perform. This is not specific to speech. Step 4: The only option that is directly contrasted with being taciturn is “Speak”. Verification / Alternative check: We can structure both pairs: “Indolence : Work” and “Taciturn : Speak”. In each case, the first word describes a tendency to avoid the second activity. A lazy person avoids work; a taciturn person avoids speaking. This keeps the analogy balanced and consistent in the way the relationship is formed on both sides of the double colon. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Observe: Someone can be taciturn and still observe carefully; observation is independent of talkativeness. • Cheat: Relates to honesty, not to speech amount or silence. • Act: Refers to taking action generally and does not contrast directly with silence in conversation. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates confuse taciturn with shy or afraid, and therefore may not immediately connect it to speech. However, the central idea in taciturn is “habitually silent”. Keeping a clear mental link between personality traits and specific activities, such as laziness with work and taciturnity with speaking, helps in solving many vocabulary analogies accurately. Final Answer: The correct word that completes the analogy is Speak.

Question 12

Physics based analogy: “Rotate is to Energy as Stop is to ______”. Choose the concept that relates to stopping motion in the same way energy relates to rotation.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy uses basic concepts from physics and daily experience. The pair “Rotate : Energy” suggests that rotation is associated with energy or requires energy to occur. The second part asks what concept is naturally associated with stopping motion, in a way parallel to how energy is associated with rotation. This tests fundamental understanding of rotation, rest, and inertia from school level physics. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Rotate and Energy. • Second verb: Stop. • Options: Spin, Break, Inertia, None. • We assume classical mechanics concepts: energy for motion, inertia for resistance to change of state. Concept / Approach: When an object rotates, it possesses kinetic energy associated with its motion. More energy is needed to start rotation or change its rotational speed. On the other hand, when an object stops moving and remains at rest, its reluctance to start moving again or to change its state is described by inertia. Inertia is the property of matter that resists changes in motion, both starting and stopping. The pattern can be interpreted as “type of motion : basic physical property or requirement”, so rotate is naturally paired with energy, and stop is naturally paired with inertia. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand “Rotate : Energy”. Rotation of a body involves angular kinetic energy. You need energy input to cause rotation, and a rotating body stores energy in its motion. Step 2: Consider what governs stopping. According to Newtons first law of motion, a body at rest remains at rest, and a body in motion continues in motion unless acted upon by an external force. The tendency of a body to resist changes in its state of motion is called inertia. Step 3: Examine the options with this in mind. Spin is just another word for rotate, so “Stop : Spin” does not create a meaningful parallel. Break refers to physically damaging or fracturing something, not to the state of rest or the property that maintains rest. Inertia is the property responsible for maintaining the state of rest or motion until an external force acts. None is not an explanatory physical concept. Step 4: Therefore, the concept that parallels stopping in the same way energy parallels rotation is inertia. Verification / Alternative check: We can view the analogy as “Motion requires energy; stability of rest or resistance to starting motion is due to inertia.” In other words, to rotate you need energy, and when an object is at rest and does not start moving easily, inertia explains that resistance. No other option among the choices is a basic physics quantity or property associated in this direct conceptual way with stopping or remaining at rest. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Spin: This is another word for rotate and does not match the role that inertia plays for stopping. • Break: This indicates mechanical failure or damage, not a physical principle governing rest or motion. • None: Offers no explanation and obviously cannot form a meaningful analogy. Common Pitfalls: Some students are tempted by “Spin” because rotation and spin feel similar, but the pattern in the first pair is not simple synonym. Instead, rotation is connected to its required physical quantity, energy. Keeping this in mind makes it natural to match stop with inertia, the property that maintains or resists changes in motion. Carefully distinguishing between action words and underlying physical concepts helps avoid confusion. Final Answer: The correct concept that completes the analogy is Inertia.

Question 13

City analogy: “Kolkata, Mumbai, Mangalore”. Choose from the options the city that is similar to these in the same important geographical way.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy style question lists three Indian cities and asks you to pick another city with a similar key feature. Kolkata, Mumbai, and Mangalore share an important geographical and economic characteristic that differentiates them from many other large Indian cities. General knowledge of Indian geography, especially coastal and port cities, is tested here. Given Data / Assumptions: • Given cities: Kolkata, Mumbai, Mangalore. • Options: Hyderabad, Delhi, Cochin, Jaipur. • We assume knowledge that some cities are coastal seaports and others are inland. Concept / Approach: Kolkata is a major port city on the eastern side of India, near the Bay of Bengal. Mumbai is a very large port city on the western coastline, facing the Arabian Sea. Mangalore is another coastal city and a significant port on the western coast. All three are seaport cities located on the coast. To maintain the same pattern, the answer must also be a coastal Indian seaport city, not an inland city away from the sea. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the common property of Kolkata, Mumbai, and Mangalore. All three cities lie on the coast and have important ports used for maritime trade. Step 2: Analyse each option. Hyderabad is an inland city in the state of Telangana, not directly on the sea coast. Delhi is the national capital located far inland in northern India, not on the coastline. Cochin (also known as Kochi) is a well known seaport city in the state of Kerala on the Arabian Sea. Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan and is also inland, not a coastal city. Step 3: Cochin alone matches the coastal seaport character of the given three cities. Verification / Alternative check: We can list: Kolkata (port on Hooghly river near Bay of Bengal), Mumbai (natural harbour on Arabian Sea), Mangalore (port city and fishing centre on Arabian Sea), Cochin (major port on the Arabian Sea). Hyderabad, Delhi, and Jaipur are not seaports, although they are large cities. Because the question is about similarity, not difference, we select the city sharing the seaport nature. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Hyderabad: Important IT and business hub but not a coastal or port city. • Delhi: National capital but inland, with no seaport, so it lacks the maritime connection. • Jaipur: Historic city in Rajasthan, again located inland and not related to sea trade. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may focus only on the fact that all the given cities are large or famous, which applies to every option. However, the more precise similarity is that they are all coastal port cities. Remember that analogy questions typically use a more specific shared feature rather than a very general one like “big city”. Paying attention to geography for each option leads easily to the correct answer. Final Answer: The city that is similar to Kolkata, Mumbai, and Mangalore in being a coastal seaport is Cochin.

Question 14

Cultural housing analogy: “Igloos are to Canada as Rondavels are to ______”. Choose the region where rondavels are traditional dwellings.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy connects traditional types of houses with the regions where they are commonly found. Igloos are strongly associated with certain cold regions, and the question asks you to recognise the region associated with rondavels. Such cultural geography analogies test general awareness of world cultures and architecture. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Igloos and Canada. • Second dwelling type: Rondavels. • Options: Russia, Africa, Indonesia, Rangoon. • We assume school level knowledge that igloos are snow houses of Inuit and other Arctic peoples in Canada and similar regions. Concept / Approach: An igloo is a dome shaped snow house built traditionally by indigenous peoples in arctic areas such as northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska. So the relationship in the first pair is “traditional dwelling : region”. A rondavel is a round, thatched dwelling common in parts of southern Africa. Therefore, to preserve the relationship, we must select the region where rondavels are traditional houses, not just any random country or city. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the first pair. Igloos are famous as traditional snow houses in Arctic Canada and nearby regions. So the pattern is “type of house : typical region of use”. Step 2: Recall the meaning of rondavels. A rondavel is a round hut, usually with a thatched roof, common in rural areas of southern African countries such as South Africa, Lesotho, and neighbouring regions. Step 3: Check the options. Russia: Although also cold in some parts, it is not mainly associated with rondavels. Traditional houses are different. Africa: This represents the continent where rondavels are a common rural dwelling type. Indonesia: Traditional houses here are of different styles, such as Joglo, not rondavels. Rangoon: Former name of Yangon in Myanmar, again unrelated to rondavels. Step 4: Therefore, the correct regional match for rondavels is Africa. Verification / Alternative check: If we form complete analogies, we get “Igloos : Canada” and “Rondavels : Africa”. Igloos belong to Arctic parts of Canada. Rondavels belong to rural southern Africa. Both pairs link distinctive dwelling types with broad regions rather than specific single cities. None of the other options has a known conventional association with rondavels in school level general knowledge. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Russia: Known for other building styles and wooden houses; igloos and rondavels are not typical there. • Indonesia: A tropical archipelago with its own house styles, but rondavels do not belong here. • Rangoon: A specific city in Myanmar, not a general region of rondavel housing. Common Pitfalls: Students may focus on climate alone and choose Russia as a cold place like Canada. However, the analogy is not about cold versus hot; it is about a distinct traditional dwelling type tied to a region. Remember that rondavels are almost a textbook example of African round huts. Keeping track of such standard world culture pairs is very helpful for analogy questions. Final Answer: The region correctly paired with rondavels in this analogy is Africa.

Question 15

Letter rearrangement analogy: “OFTEN becomes FOTEN”. Which of the following pairs shows the same type of letter rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy involves rearranging letters inside a word according to a specific rule. The example given is “OFTEN : FOTEN”. You must identify which option shows the same pattern of rearrangement applied to a different word. Such questions test careful observation of letter positions and basic pattern recognition in sequences of characters. Given Data / Assumptions: • Example pair: OFTEN and FOTEN. • Options: HEART : TRAHE; OPENS : SNEOP; RISKY : IRSYK; FIRST : IFRST. • We assume that the pattern involves a simple swap or shift of certain letters, not random scrambling. Concept / Approach: We begin by carefully comparing OFTEN with FOTEN. We label the positions: O (1), F (2), T (3), E (4), N (5). In the transformed word FOTEN, the letters are F (1), O (2), T (3), E (4), N (5). This shows that only the first two letters have switched places while positions three, four, and five remain unchanged. The pattern is therefore “swap letter 1 and letter 2, keep the rest as they are”. We then check each option to see which one follows exactly this same rule. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the rule on the given example. Original: O F T E N. Transformed: F O T E N. Only the first and second letters are swapped; T, E, N remain in the same positions. Step 2: Test each option using this rule. Option A: HEART to TRAHE. HEART is H E A R T; TRAHE is T R A H E. This is not a simple first two letter swap; letters move to different places. Option B: OPENS to SNEOP. OPENS is O P E N S; SNEOP is S N E O P. Several letters change position, not only the first two. Option C: RISKY to IRSYK. RISKY is R I S K Y; IRSYK is I R S Y K. First two letters R and I are swapped, but also positions four and five (K and Y) are swapped. This is more than the simple pattern. Option D: FIRST to IFRST. FIRST is F I R S T; IFRST is I F R S T. Only the first and second letters, F and I, have exchanged positions; the remaining letters R, S, T stay where they were. Step 3: Only FIRST : IFRST exactly repeats the pattern: swap first and second letters, keep the rest unchanged. Verification / Alternative check: We can describe the pattern in a general way as “1 2 3 4 5 becomes 2 1 3 4 5”. Testing this on FIRST gives F I R S T turning into I F R S T, which fits perfectly. None of the other options can be represented by this simple pattern because they require additional swaps or a more complex rearrangement of letters. This confirms that option D is the correct analog pair. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • HEART : TRAHE: Letters are rotated and mixed so that positions change in a more complex way, not just 1 and 2 swapping. • OPENS : SNEOP: The letters are rearranged in a pattern where the last letters move to the front; it is not a simple adjacent swap. • RISKY : IRSYK: This involves swapping the first two and also the last two letters, so the pattern is 2 1 3 5 4, not the required 2 1 3 4 5. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to look only at the first two letters and ignore whether the rest of the word remains fixed. RISKY : IRSYK looks tempting at first because R and I swap places. However, a closer look shows that Y and K also swap places. Always check all letter positions, not just the front of the word. Accuracy in this checking is vital for pattern related questions. Final Answer: The pair that shows the same letter rearrangement as OFTEN : FOTEN is FIRST : IFRST.

Question 16

Synonym analogy: “Transition is to Change as Immobility is to ______”. Choose the option that has the same kind of meaning relationship with “Immobility”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question is about matching words with close meanings. Transition and change are very similar concepts, both referring to movement from one state to another. The second part mentions immobility, which describes the complete absence of movement. We must select the word that is most nearly equal in meaning to immobility, in the same way change is nearly equal to transition. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Transition and Change. • Second word: Immobility. • Options: Stillness, Liveliness, Action, Busyness. • We assume standard English meanings and that the relationship is synonym or near synonym. Concept / Approach: Transition is the process of moving or changing from one state to another. It is almost a formal word for change. Thus, the first pair is a clear synonym pair. Immobility is the state of not moving, being motionless or unable to move. The correct matching word must express the idea of being still, not active, or not moving, rather than any form of activity or liveliness. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the first relationship. Transition and change both involve shifting states. Transition is often used in contexts like transition from childhood to adulthood, which is basically a complex form of change. Step 2: Understand immobility. It means lack of movement, being motionless. Immobility can describe a person who cannot move or an object that remains fixed in place. Step 3: Evaluate each option. Stillness describes a state of being still, quiet, and motionless. This matches immobility very closely. Liveliness describes energy, activity, and enthusiasm, which is opposite in sense to immobility. Action implies doing something, movement, or process, again the opposite of immobility. Busyness indicates constant activity or being occupied, not being motionless. Step 4: Only stillness expresses the same idea as immobility, just as change expresses the same idea as transition. Verification / Alternative check: If we replace the pair with simpler words, we get “Transition : Change :: Immobility : Stillness”. Both pairs show an equivalence: transition equals change, immobility equals stillness. Liveliness, action, and busyness all involve movement or activity and would therefore only form an antonym pair with immobility rather than a synonym pair. The analogy clearly intends a synonym relationship on both sides. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Liveliness: This indicates activity and energy, the opposite of being immobile and still. • Action: Focuses on motion and doing things, again contrary to the idea of immobility. • Busyness: Means being occupied and actively engaged in tasks, not remaining motionless. Common Pitfalls: Some students misread analogy questions and look for an opposite relationship for the second pair while the first pair shows synonyms. Always identify the relation in the first pair first. Here, transition and change are clearly close in meaning, so the second pair must also show closeness in meaning, not opposition. This mental discipline helps avoid inconsistent reasoning across the two sides of the analogy. Final Answer: The word that correctly completes the analogy is Stillness.

Question 17

Food product analogy: “Grapes is to Wine as Squid is to ______”. Choose the food term that stands to squid as wine stands to grapes.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy connects raw ingredients with the food products or dishes made from them. Grapes are fruit that can be processed to produce wine. Similarly, squid is a sea creature that can be prepared in a particular culinary style with a special name. The question checks knowledge of this specific food term and the ingredient–product relationship. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Grapes and Wine. • Second ingredient: Squid. • Options: Ocean, Salad, Calamari, Fishing. • We assume common knowledge that wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes. Concept / Approach: Grapes are the raw material from which wine is made by fermentation. So the relationship is “raw ingredient : food or beverage made from it”. Squid is used in cooking, and when it is prepared as a dish, especially breaded and fried or grilled, it is commonly called calamari in many cuisines. Words like ocean or fishing are related to squid by environment and activity, but they do not name the food product in the same way wine names the processed product of grapes. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the first relationship. Grapes are processed and fermented to create wine. So we have ingredient to final food or drink product. Step 2: Think about squid as food. In many menus, especially in Italian and Mediterranean cuisines, the dish made from squid is called calamari. Step 3: Analyse each option. Ocean is the natural habitat where squid live, not the dish made from squid. Salad is a general dish that may include many ingredients. Squid salad exists, but salad is not the specific standard name for squid as food. Calamari is the direct culinary term used for cooked squid, usually in restaurants. Fishing is the activity of catching fish and other sea creatures, not the food product. Step 4: Only calamari stands to squid as wine stands to grapes, both being names of food or drink prepared from the raw ingredient. Verification / Alternative check: We can restate the relationship: “Grapes are turned into wine; squid is turned into calamari.” This clearly parallels the idea that an ingredient is transformed into a named dish or beverage. Ocean and fishing describe environment and activity, not food. Salad is too general and would parallel grapes only if the question were about a general use like fruit salad, which it is not. Therefore calamari is the most precise and accepted answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Ocean: Squid live in the ocean, but the question asks for an analogy like grapes to wine, which is about a product, not habitat. • Salad: A generic dish type, not a specific product of squid comparable to wine from grapes. • Fishing: Describes an activity, not a prepared dish or drink. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes pick a word that is associated with the second item rather than one that has the same relationship type. Here, both fishing and ocean are associated with squid but do not mirror the ingredient to food product relationship. Always match the type of relationship from the first pair when choosing the second pair in analogy questions. Final Answer: The correct term that completes the analogy is Calamari.

Question 18

Reasoning analogy: “Develop is to Assess as Train is to ______”. Choose the verb that stands to “Train” in the same way “Assess” stands to “Develop”.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This verbal analogy captures a common sequence in learning and human resource processes. First you develop something or someone, and then you assess the results. Similarly, you train people and then you evaluate or analyze their performance. The question tests understanding of this process sequence: action followed by evaluation of that action. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Develop and Assess. • Second action word: Train. • Options: Change, Educate, Analyze, Recruit. • We assume a human resource or learning context where development and training are followed by evaluation. Concept / Approach: To develop someone means to help them grow, improve skills, or improve performance. After development has taken place, it is natural to assess the progress and results. Assessment is a process of evaluation. Similarly, to train someone is to teach them skills or methods. After training, one normally analyzes or evaluates performance to see whether the training has been effective. So the relationship is “improvement action : evaluation of result”. We must find the evaluation verb that complements train. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the first relationship. Develop is the action of helping growth or improvement. Assess is the later action of judging or evaluating what has been developed. Step 2: Consider the second keyword train. To train is to teach or coach someone, often in skills needed for a job or task. Step 3: Examine each option in relation to train. Change means to make something different. It is not specifically the evaluation step after training. Educate is itself another improvement or teaching action, similar to train, not the evaluation that follows it. Analyze means to examine in detail, study carefully, or evaluate performance or results. This is the natural step that follows training when you want to measure effectiveness. Recruit means to bring new people into an organisation, which usually happens before training, not after. Step 4: Therefore, the verb that plays the same role relative to train as assess does to develop is analyze. Verification / Alternative check: We can write out the process pairs: Develop then Assess; Train then Analyze. In both cases, the first verb is about improvement or teaching, and the second verb is about evaluation of the outcome. This preserves the process order and role. None of the other options are evaluation words; they either describe further change, more teaching, or recruitment, which belong to different stages in a human resource cycle. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Change: This can be both cause and effect but does not specifically refer to evaluation or judgement after training. • Educate: Similar to train and therefore does not mirror the “action then evaluation” sequence. • Recruit: Recruitment is the process of bringing people in, often before training; it is not evaluation of training effects. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to pick a word that feels close in meaning to train, such as educate, instead of the word that describes the next step in the process. Analogy questions often use sequences, not just simple synonyms. Here, you must notice that develop and assess are not synonyms but sequential steps: first develop, then assess. Following that pattern makes analyze the only logically consistent partner for train. Final Answer: The correct word that completes the analogy is Analyze.

Question 19

Military and air force ranks analogy: “Major is related to Lieutenant in the same way Squadron Leader is related to ______”. Choose the air force rank that stands to Squadron Leader as Lieutenant stands to Major.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy compares army officer ranks with corresponding ranks in the air force. The pair “Major : Lieutenant” represents a senior rank and a junior rank within the same service. The second part asks for a similar relationship with the air force rank Squadron Leader. Understanding basic rank hierarchy in defence services is important here, rather than exact insignia or pay scales. Given Data / Assumptions: • Army ranks in the first pair: Major and Lieutenant. • Air force rank given: Squadron Leader. • Options: Group Captain, Flying Officer, Pilot Officer, none of these. • We assume standard Indian or Commonwealth style rank structures where Major is senior to Lieutenant, and Squadron Leader is mid level in the air force. Concept / Approach: In the army, a Major is a field officer rank higher than Lieutenant. Thus, the first pair shows a senior rank related to a junior rank below it. In the air force, Squadron Leader is a mid level rank. Below Squadron Leader there are ranks like Flight Lieutenant and Flying Officer. Above Squadron Leader there are ranks such as Wing Commander and Group Captain. For the analogy, we must choose an air force rank that is junior to Squadron Leader in the same way that Lieutenant is junior to Major. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the army rank order around Major. Lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer rank, then usually Captain, then Major. So Major is clearly senior to Lieutenant. Step 2: Recall the air force rank order around Squadron Leader. The typical sequence is: Pilot Officer (junior), Flying Officer, Flight Lieutenant, Squadron Leader, Wing Commander, Group Captain and so on. Step 3: Identify ranks that are junior to Squadron Leader. From the sequence, Pilot Officer, Flying Officer, and Flight Lieutenant are all below Squadron Leader. Step 4: Examine the options. Group Captain is senior to Squadron Leader, not junior. Flying Officer is a junior officer rank below Squadron Leader. Pilot Officer is even more junior than Flying Officer and is more like the youngest commissioned officer rank. Step 5: The analogy uses Major and Lieutenant, both common and widely recognised ranks, with Lieutenant as the junior counterpart in the same service. For Squadron Leader, the most directly comparable well known junior counterpart in the air force is Flying Officer. Verification / Alternative check: We interpret the pattern as “senior army rank : junior army rank :: senior air force rank : junior air force rank”. Major is clearly more senior than Lieutenant. Squadron Leader is clearly more senior than Flying Officer. Group Captain is too senior and would reverse the pattern. Pilot Officer would be a very junior rank, not the one typically paired in analogy questions with Squadron Leader. Most standard exam keys use Squadron Leader and Flying Officer as a typical senior–junior pair for such analogies. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Group Captain: Higher than Squadron Leader, so the direction of seniority is reversed. • Pilot Officer: A junior rank, but much more junior than Squadron Leader and not the conventional partner used in Major–Lieutenant style analogies. • None of these: Incorrect because there is a correct junior rank clearly listed among the options. Common Pitfalls: Confusion often arises when examinees do not remember exact order of air force ranks. They may choose Group Captain simply because it sounds important or prominent. However, revising the basic rank chains before exams helps. The safe approach is to know that Major is mid level and Squadron Leader is roughly equivalent mid level rank in the air force, so Lieutenant corresponds to a junior air force rank such as Flying Officer, not to a higher one. Final Answer: The air force rank that completes the analogy is Flying Officer.

Question 20

One word substitution: “Extreme old age when a man behaves like a fool” is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a one word substitution question, a favourite format in English vocabulary sections. The phrase given is “extreme old age when a man behaves like a fool”. The task is to choose a single English word that captures this full idea as closely as possible. Understanding subtle differences between near related terms like senility, dotage, and imbecility is essential here. Given Data / Assumptions: • Phrase: Extreme old age when a person may behave foolishly or childishly. • Options: Superannuation, Imbecility, Senility, Dotage. • We assume standard dictionary meanings used in competitive exams. Concept / Approach: Dotage refers to the period of life in extreme old age when a person shows declining mental faculties, often becoming foolish, childish, or excessively fond. Senility also refers to the mental deterioration that comes with old age, but dotage especially captures the idea of foolish or childish behaviour associated with this stage. The phrase in the question emphasises both extreme old age and behaving like a fool, which strongly points towards dotage. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Consider superannuation. This term is commonly used for retirement from service, often on pension, and also for pension funds. It is about withdrawal from active work, not about foolish behaviour in old age. Step 2: Consider imbecility. This refers to extreme mental weakness or low intelligence, often from birth or not specifically connected with old age. It does not focus on the age factor. Step 3: Consider senility. Senility describes the deterioration of mental or physical strength due to old age. It captures the idea of aged mental decline but not always the associated foolish or doting behaviour. Step 4: Consider dotage. Dotage refers to the period of old age marked by mental decline and foolish, childlike behaviour, often with excessive fondness or weakness of mind. This matches the question's phrase exactly: extreme old age with foolish behaviour. Verification / Alternative check: If we try to substitute the options into the phrase, only dotage fits naturally. We can say “He is in his dotage” to mean he is in extreme old age and may be behaving foolishly. We cannot say “He is in his superannuation” in this sense. Senility is close but emphasises weakening of faculties rather than the mixture of old age and foolishness that the phrase highlights. Imbecility may not be tied to age at all. Therefore dotage is the precise exam level answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Superannuation: Focuses on retirement or pension, not on foolish behaviour or mental decline. • Imbecility: Describes a very low level of intelligence, not specifically extreme old age. • Senility: Refers to mental deterioration in old age but does not strongly convey the aspect of foolish, childish behaviour expressed in the question. Dotage is the more exact match. Common Pitfalls: Many learners quickly choose senility because they associate it with old age. However, one word substitution questions often require the most exact fit, not just a partial fit. The phrase includes both “extreme old age” and behaviour “like a fool”. Dotage, by meaning and traditional usage, captures exactly this combination. Remember to match all important parts of the description, not just one keyword. Final Answer: The correct one word substitute is Dotage.

Analogy Questions