Question 1

In the number analogy "12 : 72 :: 14 : ____", which number correctly completes the pattern using a square and division rule?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This numerical analogy asks you to identify the mathematical operation that converts the first number of a pair into the second number. In the example "12 : 72", the number 72 is obtained from 12 by some rule. You must discover that rule and apply it to 14 to determine the missing number. Such questions often involve squaring, cubing, or combining operations like multiplication and division. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 12 is related to 72. Second pair: 14 is related to an unknown number. Options: 98, 91, 42, 60, 84. We look for a clean arithmetic rule that works for both pairs. Concept / Approach: A helpful strategy is to try operations involving the square of the number. 12^2 equals 144. If we then divide this by 2, we get 144 / 2 = 72, which matches the second number in the first pair. So the rule appears to be: second number equals (first number squared) divided by 2. Applying this to 14, we get 14^2 = 196, and 196 / 2 = 98. Therefore, 98 is the number that completes the analogy correctly. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Square 12 to see if that is related to 72. Compute 12^2 = 144. Step 2: Try dividing 144 by 2. 144 / 2 = 72, which matches the given second number. Step 3: Conclude that the transformation is "square the number and then divide by 2". Step 4: Apply this rule to 14. First compute 14^2 = 196. Step 5: Divide 196 by 2 to obtain 196 / 2 = 98. Step 6: Choose 98 from the options as the correct corresponding number for 14. Verification / Alternative check: Check that none of the other options can be reached from 14 by the same rule. If we try 14 * 7, we get 98 again, but that does not explain the original pair. 91 would be 14 * 6.5, and 42 would be 14 * 3, neither of which match the squared and halved pattern. 60 and 84 also cannot be obtained from 14 using the "square and divide by 2" rule. Thus, 98 is consistent with the pattern and the only valid choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: All other numbers in the options require a different, more complicated, or arbitrary rule when starting from 14. Because analogies demand one simple rule that fits every pair involved, any option that needs a new rule is automatically incorrect. Only 98 satisfies the same transformation that takes 12 to 72. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to try direct multiplication factors first, such as 12 * 6, and become stuck when the same factor does not work with 14. Another pitfall is to ignore squaring because it seems too large at first glance. In many exam questions, squaring and then scaling up or down is exactly the intended pattern, so it should always be checked early. Final Answer: Using the rule "square the number and divide by 2", 12 maps to 72 and 14 maps to 98, completing the analogy as "12 : 72 :: 14 : 98".

Question 2

In the number analogy "101 : 10201 :: 107 : ____", which number correctly completes the pattern by using a square?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy problem is built around squaring numbers. The pair "101 : 10201" suggests that 10201 is generated from 101 by squaring or another power based operation. To complete the analogy, you must find the number related to 107 under the same rule. Such questions are common in quantitative aptitude sections where recognition of squares and cubes is essential. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 101 is related to 10201. Second pair: 107 is related to an unknown number. Options: 10707, 10749, 11449, 11407, 10207. We assume integer powers and basic multiplication operations. Concept / Approach: We test whether 10201 is equal to 101^2. Compute 101 * 101. Using binomial expansion, (100 + 1)^2 equals 100^2 + 2 * 100 * 1 + 1^2, which is 10000 + 200 + 1 = 10201. Hence 10201 is exactly 101^2. The pattern is therefore "number : its square". We then square 107 to get the corresponding number in the second pair. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm that 10201 is 101 squared. Compute 101^2 = (100 + 1)^2 = 10000 + 200 + 1 = 10201. Step 2: Conclude that the rule is "second number equals the square of the first number". Step 3: Apply the rule to 107. Compute 107^2 = 107 * 107. Step 4: Use the expansion (100 + 7)^2 = 10000 + 2 * 100 * 7 + 49 = 10000 + 1400 + 49. Step 5: Add to get 10000 + 1400 + 49 = 11449. Step 6: Select 11449 from the options as the correct square of 107. Verification / Alternative check: Check that none of the other options equals 107 squared. 10707 and 10207 look similar to the original number but are not squares. 10749 is close in value but does not result from the exact square computation. 11407 is also near but not equal to 11449. Only 11449 matches the exact arithmetic of 107 * 107. This confirms that we have identified the unique correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: The incorrect options are designed to confuse candidates who rely on rough estimation instead of precise calculation. Since the pattern is clearly squaring, only the exact square may be accepted as correct. Any number that is not exactly equal to 107^2 does not fit the analogy and must be rejected. Common Pitfalls: One pitfall is to assume that a repeated or visually similar pattern like 10707 must be related, even though it is not a square. Another is to approximate the square and then select a nearby option without fully calculating. To avoid mistakes, especially when numbers are close together, you should compute squares carefully, using simple algebraic shortcuts. Final Answer: Following the rule "number : its square", 101 maps to 10201 and 107 maps to 11449, completing the analogy "101 : 10201 :: 107 : 11449".

Question 3

In the analogy "ACCIDENT is to CAREFULNESS as DISEASE is to ____", which word best completes the relationship of cause and prevention?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a verbal analogy that focuses on the relationship between a negative event and the quality or practice that helps prevent it. Carefulness is the quality of being cautious and attentive, which helps to avoid accidents. You must identify the corresponding idea that helps to prevent diseases. Such analogy questions test your conceptual understanding of cause and prevention rather than mere word meanings. Given Data / Assumptions: The first pair is "ACCIDENT : CAREFULNESS". The second pair is "DISEASE : ____". Options: Sanitation, Treatment, Medicine, Doctor, Hospital. We focus on the idea of prevention, not cure. Concept / Approach: Carefulness does not treat an accident after it has happened; instead, it reduces the chances that an accident will happen in the first place. Therefore, the relationship is "unwanted event" paired with "preventive quality or practice that helps avoid it." Similarly, disease can often be prevented by proper sanitation and hygiene practices such as clean drinking water, safe disposal of waste, and cleanliness. While treatment, medicine, and doctors help after disease has already appeared, sanitation is directly related to prevention. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Interpret the first pair. Accidents are reduced when people behave with carefulness and follow safety rules. Step 2: Identify the type of relationship as "event and its preventive measure". Step 3: Now consider disease. We look for the option that is primarily about avoiding disease rather than curing it. Step 4: Sanitation refers to hygienic conditions like clean water supply, proper sewage disposal, and general cleanliness, all of which prevent the spread of diseases. Step 5: Treatment and medicine are responses after disease occurs, and a doctor or hospital also come into the picture mainly after illness appears. Step 6: Therefore, sanitation is the most accurate preventive counterpart to disease, similar to carefulness for accident. Verification / Alternative check: Check each option against the idea of prevention. Good sanitation reduces the transmission of infection causing organisms and is a major public health measure to prevent disease outbreaks. Treatment, medicine, and doctors are crucial after a disease is present and are best understood as curative or management measures. A hospital is a facility where disease is treated. Only sanitation consistently stands on the prevention side of the relationship, just as carefulness does for accidents. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Treatment and medicine describe how we deal with a disease once it has already affected someone. A doctor is the professional who provides care, and a hospital is the place where treatment occurs. None of these primarily function to prevent the onset of disease as a large scale health measure. Therefore, they do not parallel the way carefulness functions in preventing accidents. Common Pitfalls: Candidates often choose medicine or doctor because they associate them strongly with disease. However, they overlook the subtle but important distinction between prevention and cure. Always read the first pair carefully and identify whether it involves cause and effect, prevention, cure, or consequence. Once you see that carefulness is a preventive quality, it becomes easier to select sanitation as the parallel concept. Final Answer: The correct completion is "ACCIDENT is to CAREFULNESS as DISEASE is to Sanitation".

Question 4

Teacher is related to class in the same way that driver is related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy problem asks you to compare roles and the primary group or object they are responsible for. A teacher handles, guides, and manages a class of students. Similarly, a driver is responsible for something specific in the context of transportation. The question checks whether you can identify the correct unit under the control of a driver. Given Data / Assumptions: Given relationship: teacher is related to class. We must find the similar relationship for driver. Options: brake, wheel, parts, vehicle, seat. We assume typical roles: teachers with students, drivers with vehicles. Concept / Approach: A teacher does not simply operate a single object; instead, the teacher has responsibility for the entire class, which is a group of students. In a similar way, a driver is responsible for operating and controlling an entire vehicle, not merely one of its parts. The driver uses brakes and the wheel, but those are tools inside the vehicle. The correct analogy is therefore driver : vehicle, mirroring teacher : class as "person in charge" related to "unit under their control". Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the first pair. The teacher manages and directs the class as a whole. Step 2: Identify that class is the main working unit or group for the teacher. Step 3: For a driver, think of what the driver is primarily responsible for in daily work. Step 4: A driver operates the entire vehicle, including all its parts, and moves it from one place to another. Step 5: Therefore, the correct parallel relationship is driver : vehicle. Verification / Alternative check: A brake is only one component of the vehicle that the driver uses. The wheel is another part that the driver holds to steer. "Parts" is too general and does not describe the main object under the driver's responsibility. A seat is simply a place where the driver sits. None of these options match the broad relationship between teacher and class. Only vehicle represents the entire unit that is under the control of the driver, just as the class is the full group under the guidance of the teacher. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Brake, wheel, and seat are merely components or parts of a vehicle, not the complete system. They are comparable to a single student in a class, not the whole class. "Parts" is abstract and does not mirror the specific group relationship seen in teacher : class. That makes all of them incorrect when compared to the comprehensive unit indicated in the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Test takers sometimes confuse tools or components used by a professional with the overall object of their responsibility. Always check whether the given example refers to a part or to the whole. In this case, teacher relates to class as a whole, not to a textbook, chalk, or desk. That same logic guides you toward vehicle for the driver. Final Answer: The correct analogous relation is that a driver is related to a vehicle in the same way a teacher is related to a class.

Question 5

In the analogy "Car : road :: ship : ____", which medium of travel correctly completes the pair?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy checks your understanding of the natural or usual medium in which different vehicles travel. A car is typically driven on a road. In the same way, a ship has its own medium of movement. Choosing the correct option requires knowledge of basic transportation modes and the environment they use. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: car and road. Second pair: ship and an unknown medium. Options: water, air, road, both air and water, space. We consider the standard use of each vehicle, not special cases. Concept / Approach: A car operates primarily on roads and highways built on land. This establishes a pattern of "vehicle : typical medium of movement". A ship is a large watercraft designed to travel on seas and oceans or larger rivers and lakes. Therefore, the correct medium for a ship is water. Air and space are relevant for planes and spacecraft, but not for ordinary ships. "Road" is obviously incorrect for a ship. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that a car moves on a road, so the relation is "vehicle : where it travels". Step 2: Identify a ship as a water based transport vehicle. Step 3: Recall that ships sail on seas, oceans, and sometimes large rivers, all of which are bodies of water. Step 4: Choose water as the medium that matches the pattern of the first pair. Step 5: Confirm that no other option fits better than water for this standard relationship. Verification / Alternative check: Air is used by aeroplanes and helicopters, not by ships. Roads are used by cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles, and not by ships. "Both air and water" is more suitable for special amphibious vehicles, not standard ships. Space is used by spacecraft and satellites. Only water corresponds directly to the normal environment in which a ship travels. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Selecting air, road, both air and water, or space confuses different types of vehicles and their typical operating domains. Since the analogy relies on the most common and straightforward association, only water is correct for a ship. The other options do not match the simple and widely known relationship given in the question. Common Pitfalls: Occasionally, candidates may overthink by considering rare or specially designed vehicles or by reading too much into the option "both air and water". However, in standard reasoning questions, you should always assume typical everyday vehicles and their usual modes of travel unless stated otherwise. Final Answer: The analogy is completed as "Car : road :: ship : water".

Question 6

In the letter analogy "GLOW : FJNU :: PTEL : ____", which option shows the same pattern of shifting letters?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy tests your ability to recognise a consistent letter shifting pattern. The word GLOW is transformed into FJNU to form the first pair. You must detect the rule that maps each letter of GLOW to FJNU and then apply the same rule to the word PTEL to find the missing term. This requires comfort with alphabet positions and simple plus or minus operations. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair of words: GLOW and FJNU. Second word: PTEL, which must transform to one of the options. Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. The same shifting rule is used at each corresponding letter position. Concept / Approach: Convert letters to numerical positions and compare. G is 7, L is 12, O is 15, and W is 23. F is 6, J is 10, N is 14, and U is 21. From G to F, the shift is minus 1. From L to J, the shift is minus 2. From O to N, the shift is minus 1 again. From W to U, the shift is minus 2 again. So the pattern is: first letter minus 1, second letter minus 2, third letter minus 1, and fourth letter minus 2. Apply the same pattern to PTEL. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write positions for GLOW. G = 7, L = 12, O = 15, W = 23. Step 2: Write positions for FJNU. F = 6, J = 10, N = 14, U = 21. Step 3: Calculate shifts. 7 minus 1 = 6, 12 minus 2 = 10, 15 minus 1 = 14, 23 minus 2 = 21. So the pattern is minus 1, minus 2, minus 1, minus 2. Step 4: Write positions for PTEL. P = 16, T = 20, E = 5, L = 12. Step 5: Apply the pattern. First letter: 16 minus 1 = 15, which is O. Second letter: 20 minus 2 = 18, which is R. Step 6: Continue the pattern. Third letter: 5 minus 1 = 4, which is D. Fourth letter: 12 minus 2 = 10, which is J. Step 7: Combine these letters to obtain ORDJ. Verification / Alternative check: Compare ORDJ with the options. Option B is ORDJ, which matches our result exactly. The other options have at least one letter different and therefore do not follow the fixed minus 1 and minus 2 pattern for each position. Since the pattern is clear and deterministic, ORDJ is the only valid answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: ORFN, ORJD, OPNF, and OSDJ do not satisfy the position by position shift rule discovered from GLOW : FJNU. For example, any letter that would require a minus 3 or plus 1 shift instead of the required minus 1 or minus 2 breaks the logical consistency of the analogy. Analogy questions insist that every position follow the same pattern as in the original pair. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes try to treat the whole word as a single unit and look for patterns like reversal or alternating letters rather than examining each position separately. Another common error is to detect only the first shift and assume that all letters shift by the same amount, which is not the case here. Carefully comparing each corresponding letter avoids these mistakes. Final Answer: Applying the minus 1, minus 2, minus 1, minus 2 pattern to PTEL gives ORDJ, so the analogy is "GLOW : FJNU :: PTEL : ORDJ".

Question 7

In the number analogy "5 : 124 :: 6 : ____", which number correctly completes the pattern using a cube minus one rule?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy problem involves a transformation from a small integer to a larger number using powers. The pair "5 : 124" indicates that 124 is derived from the number 5 through a specific operation. You must determine this operation and apply it to 6 to find the missing number in the second pair. Recognising patterns involving cubes and simple adjustments is a common requirement in aptitude tests. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 5 corresponds to 124. Second pair: 6 corresponds to an unknown number. Options: 215, 216, 217, 220, 125. We suspect use of cube values and addition or subtraction by 1. Concept / Approach: Start by checking powers of 5. Compute 5^3 = 125. The given number 124 is exactly one less than 125. Thus, we have 5^3 minus 1 equals 124. This suggests that the rule is to cube the number and then subtract one. To apply the same rule to 6, we compute 6^3 and subtract one from the result. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute the cube of 5. 5^3 = 5 * 5 * 5 = 125. Step 2: Subtract one from the cube: 125 minus 1 = 124, which matches the given pair. Step 3: Conclude that the transformation is "n maps to n^3 minus 1". Step 4: Apply this to 6. Compute 6^3 = 6 * 6 * 6 = 216. Step 5: Subtract one from the cube of 6. 216 minus 1 = 215. Step 6: Choose 215 from the options as it exactly fits the rule. Verification / Alternative check: Verify that using 6^3 directly would give 216, which is an option but does not use the minus 1 adjustment that was applied in the first pair. Similarly, 217 and 220 do not follow from 6^3 by subtracting a simple constant that also works for 5^3. The number 125 is simply 5^3 and would break the analogy since 124 is not equal to 5^3. Thus, 215 is uniquely consistent with the cube minus one transformation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 216 equals 6^3 but would only be correct if the first pair used 5^3 without subtraction, which is not the case. 217 and 220 are not 6^3 minus a small integer that matches the pattern of 124. The number 125 represents 5^3 but is not part of the original pair and does not correspond to the mapping of 6. Therefore, only 215 preserves the mapping n to n^3 minus 1 for both given numbers. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to recognize the cube but forget the minus one operation, leading to the selection of 216. Another pitfall is to look for complicated formulas instead of testing simple adjustments like plus or minus one. In many exam questions, simple patterns with small constants are preferred, so always test cube plus or minus one where it appears relevant. Final Answer: Applying the rule "n maps to n^3 minus 1", 5 maps to 124 and 6 maps to 215, completing the analogy as "5 : 124 :: 6 : 215".

Question 8

In the analogy "Accommodation : rent :: journey : ____", which word correctly represents the payment associated with a journey?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question tests your understanding of everyday financial terms associated with services. When you use accommodation such as a house, flat, or hotel room, the normal payment you make is called rent. In the same way, when you undertake a journey as a passenger in a bus, train, taxi, or aeroplane, there is a standard term for the payment you make. Your task is to select the word that plays a role parallel to rent in relation to journey. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: accommodation and rent. Second pair: journey and an unknown payment term. Options: expense, octroi, freight, fare, tax. We consider common commerce and transport vocabulary. Concept / Approach: Rent is the regular payment made for the use of a place to live or stay. The pattern is "service or facility : standard payment for its use". A journey, when you travel as a passenger, involves buying a ticket or paying a charge, commonly called the fare. Freight refers to charges for transporting goods, not passengers. Octroi and tax are forms of government levy. Expense is a general term for money spent, not the specific price of a journey. Fare is therefore the correct choice to mirror rent in the first pair. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand that rent is the usual fee paid for accommodation. Step 2: Identify the pattern as "type of service or use : specific payment name". Step 3: For a journey as a passenger, think of the specific term for the ticket price or travel charge. Step 4: Recognise that this price is called the fare (for example bus fare, train fare, taxi fare, air fare). Step 5: Compare the roles: accommodation uses rent, journey uses fare. Verification / Alternative check: Check each option. Expense is too general and can refer to any spending. Octroi is a type of local tax historically levied on goods entering a town, not on passengers travelling. Freight is the charge paid for transporting goods by truck, train, ship, or plane, but not the charge for passenger journeys. Tax is a broad term for compulsory contributions to the government. Only fare is the standard, specific payment name for a passenger journey. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Although a journey certainly involves expense, the word expense does not describe the specialised payment in the way rent does for accommodation. Freight is associated with goods, not people. Octroi and tax are government levies that may apply to goods or income, but they are not the primary concept behind a passenger ticket. Thus, they do not match the precise relationship given in the first pair. Common Pitfalls: A common error is choosing freight because it is also a transport charge, but that ignores the important distinction between goods and passengers. Another pitfall is to pick expense or tax due to their general connection with money. In analogy questions, the most specific and direct term that mirrors the pattern should be chosen. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy is "Accommodation : rent :: journey : fare".

Question 9

In the number analogy "3 : 243 :: 5 : ____", which number correctly completes the pattern using an exponent rule?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy is based on powers of numbers. The pair "3 : 243" suggests that 243 is generated from 3 by raising it to a certain power. You must identify this exponent and then apply the same exponent to 5 to find the missing number. Such problems test your knowledge of standard powers like squares, cubes, and higher powers, especially for small integers. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 3 corresponds to 243. Second pair: 5 corresponds to an unknown number. Options: 125, 625, 3025, 3125, 243. We look for a simple power relationship such as n^4 or n^5. Concept / Approach: We recall that 3^3 = 27 and 3^4 = 81. Neither of these is equal to 243. Calculate 3^5: 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 = 243. Thus 243 is exactly 3 raised to the power of 5. The rule seems to be "second number equals first number raised to the power 5." To apply this rule to 5, we compute 5^5. Knowing that 5^2 = 25 and 5^3 = 125, we can compute higher powers from these. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute 3^3 = 27 and 3^4 = 81, observe that neither equals 243. Step 2: Compute 3^5 = 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 = 243, which matches the given second number. Step 3: Conclude that the mapping is "n maps to n^5". Step 4: Compute 5^2 = 25 and 5^3 = 125. Step 5: Compute 5^4 = 5 * 125 = 625. Step 6: Compute 5^5 = 5 * 625 = 3125. Step 7: Select 3125 from the options as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Check the other options. 125 is 5^3, and 625 is 5^4, but the relationship given in the first pair involves the 5th power, not the 3rd or 4th. 3025 does not equal any simple power like 5^4 or 5^5. 243 is 3^5, already used in the first pair, and is not related to 5. Only 3125 matches exactly as 5^5, keeping the pattern consistent for both pairs. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Choosing 125 or 625 would implicitly change the rule to "cube" or "fourth power", but those rules do not produce 243 from 3. 3025 and 243 fail to correspond to any consistent power mapping from 5 that matches the mapping from 3 to 243. Since analogies require the same operation for both pairs, these alternatives must be discarded. Common Pitfalls: Many test takers stop at 5^3 = 125 or 5^4 = 625 and pick these values because they are more familiar. They forget to confirm which power actually produced the first pair. Another pitfall is to assume that the power must be 3, because cubes are common, and ignore 3^5. Careful checking of the first pair prevents such mistakes. Final Answer: Since 243 equals 3^5 and the same exponent must be used, the corresponding number for 5 is 5^5 = 3125, completing the analogy "3 : 243 :: 5 : 3125".

Question 10

Select the related word from the given alternatives: Flow is to River as Stagnant is to which type of water body?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This verbal analogy question tests your understanding of how descriptive words relate to the nouns they commonly qualify. The pair Flow : River is given, and you must decide which word best completes the analogy Stagnant : ? from the options. Questions like this are very common in aptitude and government exams, and they check whether you can recognise natural, real world pairings in English usage. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) Flow is a word that often describes the movement of a river or stream. 2) A river is a natural water body that normally moves continuously from a higher level to a lower level. 3) Stagnant describes water that is still, unmoving, and often collected in one place. 4) The answer options are Pond, Rain, Stream, and Canal. 5) We assume standard everyday English usage, not rare or technical meanings. Concept / Approach: The relationship between Flow and River is that of a typical verb or state that is strongly associated with a particular type of water body. When people talk about rivers, they frequently refer to the flow of the river. To complete the analogy, we need to find the water body that is most naturally described as stagnant. In everyday language, stagnant water is most commonly linked with ponds and small pools, where water stays still for long periods. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Restate the first pair. Flow is a natural action or condition of a river, which normally moves and does not remain still. Step 2: Understand the word stagnant. Stagnant water is water that does not move, often collected in one place, and may become dirty or unhealthy over time. Step 3: Check each option as a water body. A pond is a small, usually still body of water. Rain is water that falls from the sky and is not a stored water body. A stream is a flowing body of water similar to a small river. A canal is an artificial waterway that usually has moving water. Step 4: Identify which option is most naturally linked with stagnant water. Ponds are often described as having stagnant water if there is no inflow or outflow. Step 5: Conclude that Pond is the best match for Stagnant, in the same way that River matches Flow. Verification / Alternative check: If we try to pair stagnant with rain, stream, or canal, the combinations sound unnatural. People do not normally say stagnant rain, stagnant stream, or stagnant canal, but stagnant pond is a very common expression. This confirms that Pond is the only option that fits as naturally as Flow fits with River. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Rain refers to falling water, which moves downward and does not sit still in one place. A stream is defined by flowing water, which is the opposite of stagnant. A canal also normally carries moving water for navigation or irrigation. None of these are primarily associated with still, unmoving water the way ponds are, so they fail to mirror the original relationship. Common Pitfalls: A typical mistake is to focus only on water related words and choose any option that looks watery without thinking about the quality of movement. Another error is to match Flow with Stream, because streams also flow, and then attempt a similar pairing for stagnant. However, the question has already fixed Flow with River, so your task is only to complete the second part consistently with that pattern. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy is Stagnant : Pond, so the answer is Pond.

Question 11

Select the related group of letters from the given alternatives: AEIM is to BFJN as CGKO is to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is based on alphabetic patterns and letter sequences. The pair AEIM : BFJN is given, and you must determine which option completes the pattern CGKO : ?. These analogies often use fixed jumps in the alphabet and help test your ability to notice regular spacing between letters, which is a common feature of reasoning questions in competitive exams. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) AEIM is the first letter group and BFJN is the second letter group in the model pair. 2) CGKO is the first letter group in the second pair, and we must find its partner group. 3) Alphabet positions are taken as A=1, B=2, and so on up to Z=26. 4) We assume that the transformation from AEIM to BFJN is applied letter by letter in the same way from CGKO to the answer. 5) The options are DHLP, ZVRP, BCDK, and MPQR. Concept / Approach: First, we look at the structure of the sequences themselves. AEIM consists of letters with positions 1, 5, 9, and 13, which are spaced by four positions in the alphabet. BFJN consists of letters 2, 6, 10, and 14, which are also spaced by four positions. That means each letter in BFJN is exactly one step ahead of the corresponding letter in AEIM. We use this plus one rule to transform CGKO into its matching group. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write the positions of AEIM. A is 1, E is 5, I is 9, and M is 13. Step 2: Write the positions of BFJN. B is 2, F is 6, J is 10, and N is 14. Step 3: Compare positions letter by letter. From A to B is plus 1, from E to F is plus 1, from I to J is plus 1, and from M to N is plus 1. So the rule is add one to each letter. Step 4: Now apply the same rule to CGKO. Write positions: C is 3, G is 7, K is 11, and O is 15. Step 5: Add one to each position. 3 plus 1 equals 4, 7 plus 1 equals 8, 11 plus 1 equals 12, and 15 plus 1 equals 16. Step 6: Convert these positions back to letters. 4 is D, 8 is H, 12 is L, and 16 is P. Thus, CGKO maps to DHLP. Step 7: Compare DHLP with the answer options and select it as the correct one. Verification / Alternative check: Check whether any other option could be produced by a simple consistent rule that also explains the relation between AEIM and BFJN. ZVRP, BCDK, and MPQR all have different letter positions and do not match the plus one shift from CGKO. None of them represent the result of adding one to C, G, K, and O. Therefore, the only valid partner group is DHLP. Why Other Options Are Wrong: ZVRP uses letters that do not follow the plus one pattern from CGKO. BCDK contains letters that are not evenly spaced relative to C, G, K, and O. MPQR does not line up with the fixed increments and would require different shifts for different letters. Because the analogy requires the same simple transformation as in AEIM : BFJN, any group that breaks this pattern must be rejected. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to focus only on the spacing inside each group and ignore the letter by letter mapping between the two groups. Another mistake is to choose an option that looks visually similar without checking alphabet positions carefully. To avoid these mistakes, always convert letters to numbers, apply the transformation, and then convert back to letters systematically. Final Answer: Using the same plus one alphabet shift that sends AEIM to BFJN, the group CGKO maps to DHLP.

Question 12

Select the related number from the given alternatives: 24 is to 60 as 210 is to which number?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a numerical analogy that checks whether you can recognise patterns based on factorial like products of consecutive integers. The pair 24 : 60 is given, and you must work out how 210 should be completed in the same way. Such questions frequently use products of consecutive numbers or standard number patterns and are common in aptitude tests. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) The first pair is 24 and 60. 2) The second pair gives 210 as the first number and asks for the related second number. 3) The options are 348, 336, 340, and 326. 4) We suspect that 24 and 60 may be products of consecutive natural numbers. 5) The same pattern must then be applied to 210 to find its partner number. Concept / Approach: Notice that 24 can be written as 4 * 3 * 2, which is the product of three consecutive integers. Similarly, 60 can be written as 5 * 4 * 3. This suggests a pattern where you start with three consecutive integers n, n minus 1, and n minus 2 to get the first number, and then move one step ahead to use n plus 1, n, and n minus 1 for the second number. The question is then to find n for which n * (n minus 1) * (n minus 2) equals 210 and apply the same idea. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Express 24 in terms of products of consecutive integers. 24 equals 4 * 3 * 2. Step 2: Express 60 similarly. 60 equals 5 * 4 * 3. Step 3: Observe the pattern: first number uses 4, 3, 2, and second number uses 5, 4, 3. In other words, we have n * (n - 1) * (n - 2) for the first term and (n + 1) * n * (n - 1) for the second term when n equals 4. Step 4: For 210, find n such that n * (n - 1) * (n - 2) equals 210. Try n equals 7: 7 * 6 * 5 equals 210, which works perfectly. Step 5: Now compute the related number by using (n + 1) * n * (n - 1) with n equals 7. That gives 8 * 7 * 6. Step 6: Multiply these numbers. 8 * 7 equals 56, and 56 * 6 equals 336. Step 7: Check the options and see that 336 is present as option b. Verification / Alternative check: Verify that no other simple rule involving non consecutive products or fixed multipliers fits both 24 : 60 and 210 : 336 as neatly. For example, 24 multiplied by 2.5 gives 60, but 210 multiplied by 2.5 would give 525, which is not an option. The consecutive integer pattern elegantly covers both pairs, so it is the most reliable explanation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: The numbers 348, 340, and 326 cannot be obtained from 8 * 7 * 6 or from any consistent extension of the product pattern used for the first pair. Choosing any of these would imply changing the rule halfway through, which is not allowed in well formed analogies. Therefore, they must be treated as distractors only. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to look only for a fixed multiplier from the first number to the second, without checking for structure inside each number. Another mistake is to try random operations like adding digits or combining sums and products without any clear pattern. For product analogies, it is often helpful to factor the numbers into primes and see whether they can be grouped into simple sequences of consecutive integers as done here. Final Answer: Using the same consecutive integer product pattern, 210 corresponds to 336 in the analogy 24 : 60 :: 210 : ?.

Question 13

Choose the most appropriate word: “Rustle” is to “Leaves” as “Patter” is to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of words that describe characteristic sounds associated with particular natural phenomena. Rustle is a sound word often linked with leaves. In the same way, you must decide which option is most naturally associated with the sound word Patter. These sound based analogies are common in English vocabulary sections of competitive exams. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) Rustle is the soft, continuous sound made when dry leaves or paper are moved or disturbed. 2) Leaves are light objects that can rustle in the wind when they move against each other. 3) Patter is a light, repeated tapping or drumming sound. 4) The options are Snow, Wind, Rain, and Storm. 5) We assume typical, everyday associations between sounds and weather events. Concept / Approach: The relationship in the model pair is Sound word to Source. Rustle is a sound that we usually hear from leaves, especially in a breeze. Patter is another sound word. We need to identify the option that commonly produces a pattering sound. In everyday language, the phrase patter of rain or rain pattering on the roof is very frequent, indicating that rain is the natural partner of the word patter. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Rephrase the first pair as a sentence. Leaves rustle, or we hear the rustle of leaves. Step 2: Understand Patter. Patter describes light, repeated tapping sounds, such as when drops of liquid hit a surface repeatedly. Step 3: Examine Snow. Snow usually falls softly and quietly and does not produce a clear pattering noise when it lands. Step 4: Examine Wind. Wind can howl or whistle, but we do not commonly talk about the patter of wind. Step 5: Examine Rain. Raindrops falling on roofs, windows, and the ground create a continuous light tapping sound that is widely described as the patter of rain. Step 6: Examine Storm. A storm can produce thunder, heavy wind, or roaring sounds, but the specific word patter is not normally used for a storm itself. Step 7: Conclude that Rain is the most natural and precise partner for Patter, just as Leaves are for Rustle. Verification / Alternative check: Consider common phrases in English: rustle of leaves and patter of rain are standard collocations. Phrases like patter of snow or patter of wind are uncommon, and patter of storm is rarely, if ever, used. This simple check with natural language usage confirms that rain is the only option that fits the analogy strongly. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Snow tends to fall silently, so associating it with patter is not accurate. Wind is more likely to howl, whistle, or gust. Storm is a broader event that may include many sounds, but the specific sound word patter is not characteristic for it. Since the analogy requires a clear, direct association between a sound and its usual source, only rain qualifies. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may try to connect Patter with Storm because both are related to weather, but they may ignore the requirement that the relationship must be between a sound and the direct source of that sound. Others may overthink and consider snow landing on windows, but that is not a standard or well known collocation. Always rely on the most common and natural English phrase when solving such analogy questions. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy is Patter : Rain, just as Rustle : Leaves.

Question 14

Choose the most appropriate word: “Indiscreet” is to “Imprudent” as “Indisposed” is to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is a synonym based analogy. Indiscreet and Imprudent are closely related in meaning, and you have to find a word that stands in a similar synonym relationship with Indisposed. Vocabulary questions like this measure how well you can match subtle shades of meaning between English words, which is important for many competitive exams. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) Indiscreet describes someone who lacks discretion, often acting or speaking in a way that is not wise or cautious. 2) Imprudent similarly describes behaviour that is not wise, not careful, or lacking good judgement. 3) Indisposed can mean mildly unwell or, in many contexts, unwilling or reluctant to do something at a particular time. 4) The options are Concerned, Reluctant, Crucial, and Clear. 5) We look for a word that fits as a close synonym of Indisposed in common usage. Concept / Approach: The link between Indiscreet and Imprudent is that of near synonyms, both referring to a lack of discretion or good judgement. To complete the analogy, we need a word that is similarly a near synonym of Indisposed. In everyday English, a person often says that they are indisposed to mean that they are not willing or are reluctant to do something, even if they are not seriously ill. So the best match in the options is Reluctant. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Clarify the first pair. Indiscreet refers to revealing things that should be kept private or acting without careful thought, and Imprudent also refers to acting without wisdom or caution. Step 2: Understand Indisposed. It can mean slightly ill, but in many formal or polite contexts it means not willing to do something or not in a position to take part. Step 3: Examine option a, Concerned. Concerned means worried or interested, which does not capture the meaning of Indisposed. Step 4: Examine option b, Reluctant. Reluctant means not willing or hesitant to do something, which fits the common polite sense of Indisposed. Step 5: Examine option c, Crucial. Crucial means very important or critical, and it is not semantically related to Indisposed. Step 6: Examine option d, Clear. Clear means transparent or easily understood and again does not match the idea of being unwilling or unfit. Step 7: Conclude that Reluctant is the only option that functions as a near synonym of Indisposed in the same way that Imprudent matches Indiscreet. Verification / Alternative check: Consider polite expressions such as The minister is indisposed and cannot attend the meeting, which naturally paraphrases to The minister is reluctant or unable to attend. By contrast, replacing Indisposed with Concerned, Crucial, or Clear makes the sentence sound unnatural or incorrect. This confirms that Reluctant is the best semantic match. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Concerned focuses on worry, not unwillingness. Crucial concerns importance and not a person's state or willingness. Clear refers to clarity or lack of obstruction. None of these ideas match the sense of Indisposed as used in the analogy, so they cannot mirror the synonym relationship from the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes think only of the medical meaning of Indisposed and become confused. However, even in that sense, Indisposed suggests being not in a fit state to participate, which is again close to being unwilling or unable. Keeping in mind this broader, polite usage helps to identify Reluctant as the correct choice. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy is Indisposed : Reluctant, just as Indiscreet : Imprudent.

Question 15

Select the best related pair: Crèche is to Infants in the same way as which of the following pairs?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question focuses on the relationship between a place and the group of people that primarily uses or occupies that place. Crèche is a place where infants are looked after. You must select the pair that shows the same type of relationship from the given options. Understanding such place user relationships is useful in vocabulary and general reasoning sections of examinations. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) A crèche is a day care centre or nursery where very young children or infants are taken care of. 2) Infants are the primary users and beneficiaries of a crèche. 3) The options are School : Pupils, Deck : Sailors, Cottage : Guests, and Aircraft : Crew. 4) We must choose the pair where the first word is a place or institution and the second word is the main group of people for whom that place exists or who regularly use it in a primary role. Concept / Approach: The relationship here is Place to Primary Group. A crèche is specifically designed for infants. Similarly, we need a place that is specifically associated with the second word. A school exists mainly for pupils or students. While other options may show some association between people and locations, school and pupils mirrors the institutional focus on a particular group in the same way that a crèche focuses on infants. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Restate the model pair. A crèche is a facility meant for infants, who are cared for there during the day. Step 2: Examine option a, School : Pupils. A school is an educational institution that exists primarily for pupils or students. Step 3: Examine option b, Deck : Sailors. A deck is a part of a ship where sailors work, but a deck is not established specifically for sailors in the same sense that a crèche is established for infants. Step 4: Examine option c, Cottage : Guests. A cottage can be used by guests, but it is mainly a type of house and does not exist only for guests as a category. Step 5: Examine option d, Aircraft : Crew. An aircraft carries both crew and passengers, and the crew are employees rather than the primary target group of the aircraft. Step 6: Identify School : Pupils as the pair where the place exists for the primary purpose of educating pupils, mirroring the relation between crèche and infants. Verification / Alternative check: Consider whether we can say a crèche for infants and a school for pupils. Both expressions sound natural and precise. Saying deck for sailors or aircraft for crew does not carry the same direct, primary focus. This parallel supports School : Pupils as the correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Deck : Sailors describes a work area rather than a dedicated institution. Cottage : Guests focuses on temporary accommodation and does not capture a specially designed service for that group. Aircraft : Crew emphasises workers on board rather than the main purpose of carrying passengers. Thus, these options do not match the strong place to main group relationship. Common Pitfalls: Students may be attracted to Deck : Sailors because sailors are strongly associated with ships, but the analogy is about facilities primarily created for a particular group. A crèche is created for infants, and a school is created for pupils, which is more exact than the looser association between sailors and the deck of a ship. Final Answer: The best related pair is School : Pupils, which matches the relationship Crèche : Infants.

Question 16

Select the best related pair: Stare is to Glance as which of the following pairs shows a similar contrast in intensity?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy explores differences in intensity between two related actions. Stare and Glance both refer to looking, but they differ in duration and force. You must choose the option that reflects a similar relationship between two actions. Recognising this type of subtle contrast is a common requirement in verbal reasoning questions. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) Stare means to look at something with eyes wide open for a long time, often intensely. 2) Glance means to look at something quickly, briefly, or casually. 3) The options are Gulp : Sip, Confide : Tell, Hunt : Stalk, and Step : Walk. 4) We must find a pair where the first action is an intense or strong version and the second is a milder or lighter version of a similar basic activity. Concept / Approach: Stare and Glance share the same general activity category, which is looking, but they differ mainly in intensity and duration. To maintain the analogy, the second pair should also involve two actions in the same domain, such as drinking, where one is stronger or more intense than the other. Gulp and Sip both describe drinking, but gulp is forceful and fast, whereas sip is gentle and small. This is directly parallel to the stare versus glance contrast. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Analyse Stare : Glance. Both are ways of looking, but stare is long and intense while glance is short and light. Step 2: Examine Gulp : Sip. Both are ways of drinking. Gulp refers to swallowing large amounts quickly, while sip refers to taking small amounts slowly or carefully. Step 3: Examine Confide : Tell. Confide means to tell something private to someone you trust, while tell is more general. These are not primarily differentiated by intensity but rather by the type of information. Step 4: Examine Hunt : Stalk. Both relate to pursuing animals or people, but stalking is a secretive form of moving, whereas hunting is a broader term. The difference is not a simple intense versus mild contrast. Step 5: Examine Step : Walk. Step is a single movement, and walk is a series of steps. Here, the difference is more about unit versus process, not a direct contrast of intensity. Step 6: Conclude that only Gulp : Sip mirrors the pattern where the first word represents a strong form of the basic action and the second represents a mild form. Verification / Alternative check: Check the pairs using simple sentences. One can say to stare is to look very hard, while to glance is to look briefly. In the same way, to gulp is to drink very quickly, while to sip is to drink slowly in small amounts. No similar contrast appears in the other options, confirming Gulp : Sip as the correct analogue. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Confide : Tell relates to confidentiality rather than intensity. Hunt : Stalk involves different aspects of pursuit, with stalking being a particular technique. Step : Walk describes parts of a process, not weak versus strong forms of the same action. Thus, these pairs do not reflect the intense versus mild contrast that defines the original pair. Common Pitfalls: Students may confuse any pair of related verbs as suitable, without checking the exact type of relationship. It is important to identify that the focus is on degree and intensity. Once you frame the pair as strong look versus light look, it becomes easier to see strong drink versus light drink in Gulp : Sip. Final Answer: The best related pair is Gulp : Sip, which reflects the same intensity contrast as Stare : Glance.

Question 17

Select the best related pair: Ecstasy is to Pleasure as which of the following pairs shows a similar degree relationship?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy measures your understanding of differences in degree between emotional states. Ecstasy and Pleasure are both positive emotions, but ecstasy is an extreme or intense form of pleasure. You must select the pair that mirrors this relationship. Recognising such degree based relationships is important in vocabulary and verbal reasoning questions. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) Pleasure is a positive feeling of enjoyment or satisfaction. 2) Ecstasy is a very intense, overwhelming form of pleasure or joy. 3) The options are Hatred : Affection, Rage : Anger, Joy : Grief, and Mumble : Speak. 4) We need a pair where the first word is an intensified or extreme form of the second word in the same emotional category. Concept / Approach: In the model pair, both words are positive emotions, and the first is a more powerful level of the second. To maintain the analogy, the correct option must involve two emotions of the same sign, where the first is a stronger or more intense version of the second. Among the options, Rage and Anger are both negative emotions, and rage is understood as extreme anger. This matches the structure of ecstasy as extreme pleasure. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Restate the original pair. Ecstasy is a heightened, intense form of pleasure. Step 2: Examine Hatred : Affection. These are opposite in emotional sign, with hatred being negative and affection being positive, so there is no degree relationship. Step 3: Examine Rage : Anger. Both are negative emotions of hostility or annoyance, but rage is much more intense than ordinary anger. Step 4: Examine Joy : Grief. Joy is a positive emotion and grief is a negative emotion, so the pair is contrasting, not a degree difference. Step 5: Examine Mumble : Speak. These are actions of speaking, where mumble is a particular unclear way of speaking, not an intensified form of speaking. Step 6: Identify Rage : Anger as the pair that mirrors the degree relation between ecstasy and pleasure. Verification / Alternative check: Use parallel sentences. Ecstasy is intense pleasure, and rage is intense anger. This structure exactly parallels the original pair. The other options do not allow such a neat description and either mix opposite emotions or focus on manner rather than intensity. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Hatred : Affection and Joy : Grief both pair opposite emotions and therefore represent contrast, not degree. Mumble : Speak contrasts a specific type of speech with general speech, but it does not represent a stronger form of speaking. These patterns do not match the extreme degree relationship found in Ecstasy : Pleasure. Common Pitfalls: Learners may be distracted by emotional pairs that feel strongly related without checking whether the relationship is one of intensity or opposition. To avoid this, always ask whether the first is simply a more powerful example of the second within the same emotional type. This immediately points to Rage : Anger as the correct pair. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy is Rage : Anger, which reflects the same degree relationship as Ecstasy : Pleasure.

Question 18

Select the best related pair: Necromancy is to Ghosts as which of the following pairs shows a similar practice to object relationship?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question is about matching an occult or mystical practice with the entities it is associated with. Necromancy traditionally involves communication with the dead or with ghosts. You must find another pair that reflects a similar relationship between a practice and the beings or forces it deals with. Understanding such word pairs is useful in advanced vocabulary and reasoning questions. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) Necromancy is a form of magic or occult practice focused on the dead, especially ghosts or spirits of the dead. 2) Ghosts are the supernatural entities associated with necromancy. 3) The options are Romance : Stories, Magic : Amulets, Alchemy : Gold, and Sorcery : Spirit. 4) We look for a relationship of Practice or Art to Target Entity, not just any loose association. Concept / Approach: The key connection in the model pair is that necromancy is a specialised type of magic aimed at contacting or controlling ghosts. The second word is not an instrument but the central object or being involved. Among the options, Sorcery is another occult practice, and Spirit is a supernatural entity. Sorcery and spirit thus form a similar practice to entity relationship. Other options either link a practice with a physical result or link categories in a weaker way. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Restate the original pair. Necromancy is a magical practice that deals particularly with ghosts. Step 2: Examine Romance : Stories. Romance is a style or theme in stories, but this is genre to medium, not a practice to specific entity relation. Step 3: Examine Magic : Amulets. Amulets are objects believed to have magical power, but magic is a broad practice and amulet is more like a tool or artefact, not the main entity dealt with. Step 4: Examine Alchemy : Gold. Alchemy is a historical practice that sought to transform base metals into gold, so this pair is practice to desired product, not practice to spirit type. Step 5: Examine Sorcery : Spirit. Sorcery is another term for the practice of magic or witchcraft, and spirits are supernatural beings that sorcerers may attempt to contact or command. Step 6: Identify Sorcery : Spirit as matching the pattern where the first word is an occult practice and the second is the class of supernatural beings associated with that practice. Verification / Alternative check: Compare parallel sentences. Necromancy deals with ghosts, and sorcery deals with spirits. This has the same form and sounds natural. By contrast, romance deals with stories is weaker and not about a specific entity. Magic deals with amulets treats amulets as tools rather than beings. Alchemy seeks to create gold but is not defined by communicating with gold in the way necromancy is defined by communicating with ghosts. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Romance : Stories connects a theme to a medium, not a practice to a spiritual entity. Magic : Amulets links a general practice to one type of object rather than a class of beings. Alchemy : Gold focuses on material transformation. All of these break the pattern of practice to supernatural entity that appears in Necromancy : Ghosts. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes select Alchemy : Gold because it feels close to classical magic, but they ignore that the second word is a metal, not an entity. The question is clearly about practices dealing with non physical beings. Keeping this focus prevents confusion and makes Sorcery : Spirit an obvious choice. Final Answer: The correct related pair is Sorcery : Spirit, which mirrors the relationship between Necromancy and Ghosts.

Question 19

Select the best related word: Funk is to Vitamins as Curie is to which of the following discoveries?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy tests your general knowledge of scientists and their notable discoveries. Funk is associated with vitamins, and you must identify which discovery or concept is most closely associated with Curie. Questions of this type link a person to a major contribution in science and appear frequently in general awareness and reasoning sections. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) Casimir Funk is known for pioneering work related to vitamins, and he introduced the term vitamin for vital amines related to nutrition. 2) The second word Vitamins denotes the area or key discovery linked with Funk. 3) Curie here refers to Marie Curie, a famous physicist and chemist. 4) The options are Uranium, Radioactivity, Photography, and Radium. 5) We seek the most specific and historically recognised discovery associated with Curie that parallels Funk and Vitamins. Concept / Approach: The relationship is Scientist to Key Discovery or Substance. Funk is tied to vitamins as his major field of contribution. Marie Curie is strongly associated with the discovery of the element radium, for which she received a Nobel Prize. While she also contributed to the understanding of radioactivity, the most parallel relationship, matching the pattern Funk : Vitamins (area to specific substance), is Curie : Radium, since radium is a specific chemical element like vitamins are specific nutritional compounds. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Restate the given pair. Funk is associated with the identification and understanding of vitamins. Step 2: Recall Marie Curie's major achievements. She studied radioactive substances and, together with Pierre Curie, discovered the elements polonium and radium. Step 3: Examine option a, Uranium. Uranium was already known before Curie's work; her studies involved uranium compounds but she did not discover uranium. Step 4: Examine option b, Radioactivity. Marie Curie indeed did foundational work on radioactivity and helped develop the theory, but radioactivity is a broad physical phenomenon rather than a single substance. Step 5: Examine option c, Photography. Photography is not central to Curie's scientific legacy. Step 6: Examine option d, Radium. Radium is a specific chemical element that Marie Curie discovered and isolated from pitchblende, and it is closely associated with her name. Step 7: Select Radium as the discovery that best mirrors the scientist to key substance relation shown in Funk : Vitamins. Verification / Alternative check: Compare the parallel statements. Funk worked on vitamins and Curie discovered radium. Both are concise statements linking a scientist with a relatively specific chemical or group of compounds. Saying Curie worked on radioactivity is true but less parallel to the vitamins example, where the focus is also on compounds themselves. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Uranium predates Curie in scientific history and therefore does not represent her discovery. Radioactivity is a wider phenomenon studied by several scientists, including Becquerel and Rutherford, and while Curie was central, the analogy pattern favours a specific item. Photography is unrelated to her key scientific work. Therefore, these options fail to mirror the scientist to specific discovery relation correctly. Common Pitfalls: Many candidates are tempted by Radioactivity because it is strongly linked with Marie Curie. However, the pattern Funk : Vitamins links a scientist to a group of chemical compounds. The more precise, substance level match for Curie is Radium, a concrete discovery that is repeatedly highlighted in history of science. Keeping this level of specificity in mind helps avoid confusion. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy is Curie : Radium, just as Funk : Vitamins.

Question 20

Select the related word: Contamination is to Food as Infection is to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy focuses on how harmful processes affect particular targets. Contamination usually affects food or water, making it unsafe. You must now determine what infection primarily affects. Understanding such cause and target pairs is important both for general science and for verbal reasoning questions. Given Data / Assumptions: 1) Contamination refers to the presence of unwanted, harmful substances in food, water, or another medium. 2) Food is a common target that becomes unsafe when contaminated. 3) Infection is the invasion and multiplication of germs or microbes in a living organism. 4) The options are Diseases, Body, Germs, and Microbes. 5) The correct answer must be the main object or target that experiences infection, similar to how food experiences contamination. Concept / Approach: The relationship in the model pair is Process or Harmful Condition to Object Affected. Contamination affects food, not the contaminating agents themselves. Similarly, infection affects the body of a living being, not the germs that cause it. So we look for the word that best represents the host or target of infection, which is the body. Diseases, germs, and microbes are closely related concepts, but they are not the primary object that is infected in the same way food is contaminated. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Restate the original pair. Food can suffer contamination, meaning foreign harmful substances enter the food. Step 2: Consider what infection acts upon. Infection occurs when germs invade a living body or part of a body. Step 3: Examine option a, Diseases. Diseases are conditions resulting from infection or other causes, not the object that is infected. Step 4: Examine option b, Body. The human or animal body is what becomes infected when germs invade. Step 5: Examine option c, Germs. Germs are the agents causing infection rather than the victim of infection. Step 6: Examine option d, Microbes. Microbes are tiny organisms like bacteria and viruses; they cause infection but are not what gets infected in the analogy. Step 7: Recognise that Body is the only option that stands in the same role as Food does in relation to contamination. Verification / Alternative check: Create parallel sentences. Contamination of food makes it unsafe. Infection of the body makes it ill. These sentences mirror each other closely. By contrast, contamination of germs or infection of microbes are meaningless, and contamination of diseases is also not logical. This confirms Body as the correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Diseases are outcomes rather than targets. Germs and microbes are causative agents. None of these are the object that becomes infected. The analogy requires a parallel between Food as an affected object and the entity similarly affected by infection, which is the Body. Common Pitfalls: Students may be tempted by Germs or Microbes because these words are heavily associated with infection. However, the pattern is not cause to cause but process to subject affected. Keeping track of that direction prevents these errors and points clearly to Body. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy is Infection : Body, just as Contamination : Food.

Analogy Questions