Question 1

From the following list of words, identify the one which does not belong to the same meaning group as the others.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is an odd one out question based on word meanings. Three of the given words represent the same or similar concept, while the fourth word represents the opposite idea. Identifying which word differs in meaning requires basic vocabulary and an understanding of antonyms in English. Given Data / Assumptions: - The words given are Zenith, Culminating point, Peak and Nadir. - We assume Zenith, Culminating point and Peak are used in their usual metaphorical sense of highest point. - Nadir is to be interpreted in its standard sense in contrast to these. Concept / Approach: Zenith refers to the highest point in the sky directly above an observer and is often used metaphorically for the highest point of success or achievement. Culminating point and Peak both convey the idea of the topmost point of something, whether a mountain or a process. Nadir, on the other hand, is the term for the lowest point or the point of greatest adversity. So three words express height or maximum, while one expresses the opposite, minimum or lowest point. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Interpret Zenith as the highest point. Step 2: Recognise that Culminating point means the point of highest development or climax. Step 3: Note that Peak is the topmost point of something, like a hill or performance. Step 4: Understand that Nadir refers to the lowest or most unsuccessful point. Step 5: Identify that Zenith, Culminating point and Peak share similar meanings, while Nadir is opposite in meaning, making Nadir the odd one out. Verification / Alternative check: Cross check by pairing words. Zenith and Nadir are well known antonyms: highest point versus lowest point. Culminating point and Peak align semantically with Zenith, not with Nadir. So, there is one natural antonym pair and two clear synonyms of the higher concept, confirming that Nadir is the unique outsider among the four words. Why Other Options Are Wrong: If you choose Zenith, Culminating point or Peak as the odd one out, the remaining three words would not form a meaningful semantic group. Only when Nadir is singled out do the remaining words form a cohesive cluster representing the highest point, which is what a well structured odd one out question is designed to produce. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes misremember the meaning of Nadir and assume it is another synonym for peak because the word appears in abstract contexts. A reliable strategy is to recall the standard pairings Zenith and Nadir for highest and lowest points in figurative language. Remembering such antonym pairs is helpful for many reasoning questions. Final Answer: Zenith, Culminating point and Peak all denote the highest point, while Nadir denotes the lowest point, making Nadir the odd one out.

Question 2

Farhan travels 4 km in the north east direction and then turns towards the south east to travel another 3 km. What is the straight line distance of Farhan from his starting point now?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is a direction and distance problem from reasoning or basic geometry. A person walks along two segments in specific compass directions, and you must find the shortest straight line distance from the starting point to the final point. It combines understanding of directions like north east and south east with right triangle geometry and Pythagoras theorem. Given Data / Assumptions: - Farhan first walks 4 km in the north east direction. - He then turns and walks 3 km in the south east direction. - Directions are assumed standard: north up, east right on a coordinate plane, with north east at 45 degrees between north and east and south east at 45 degrees between south and east. - The required answer is the straight line distance between his starting point and his final position. Concept / Approach: We can model Farhan's path on a coordinate plane. Let the starting point be the origin. North is the positive y axis and east is the positive x axis. North east at 45 degrees means equal movement in x and y directions. South east means movement in the positive x direction and negative y direction, again at 45 degrees. By resolving each displacement into horizontal and vertical components, we can find the total x and y displacement and then use Pythagoras theorem to find the resultant distance. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Represent the first 4 km north east movement. At 45 degrees, horizontal and vertical components are both 4 divided by square root of 2. Step 2: So after the first leg, Farhan is at x = 4 / sqrt(2) and y = 4 / sqrt(2). Step 3: For the second 3 km south east movement, the horizontal component is 3 / sqrt(2) towards east and the vertical component is 3 / sqrt(2) towards south, that is negative y. Step 4: Add the components. Total x displacement is (4 / sqrt(2) + 3 / sqrt(2)) = 7 / sqrt(2). Total y displacement is (4 / sqrt(2) - 3 / sqrt(2)) = 1 / sqrt(2). Step 5: Use Pythagoras theorem. The distance squared from the origin is (7 / sqrt(2))^2 + (1 / sqrt(2))^2 = 49 / 2 + 1 / 2 = 50 / 2 = 25. Step 6: The distance is the square root of 25, which equals 5 km. Verification / Alternative check: A quick way to check is to note that the resultant vector components ratio is 7:1, so the displacement roughly lies almost along the east direction with a small north component. A 5 km distance is reasonable since Farhan has walked a total path length of 7 km but changed direction, making the straight line shorter than the path. Any answer greater than 7 km or less than 4 km would be clearly impossible, and 5 km fits the rigorous geometric calculation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 4 km would suggest that the second leg cancels most of the first, which is not correct when you compute the components. 6 km and 7 km are longer than the direct path allowed by two line segments of lengths 4 km and 3 km because the maximum straight line distance between start and end could only equal 7 km if he never turned, and would be strictly less in any other configuration. Exact computation shows 5 km is the only correct distance. Common Pitfalls: Students often add or subtract the distances directly without resolving directions, for example, incorrectly computing 4 plus 3 or 4 minus 3. Others misinterpret north east and south east as purely north or purely east movements. Drawing a rough diagram and resolving to x and y components greatly reduces mistakes. Remember that when legs of a journey meet at right angles or at symmetric angles, the Pythagoras theorem is very effective. Final Answer: Farhan is now at a straight line distance of 5 km from his original starting point.

Question 3

In the following analogy from biological terminology, FUNGI is related to MYCOLOGY as TISSUE is related to which of the following branches of study?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy is based on branches of biological science. It links a subject of study to the specialised field that studies it. Mycology is the study of fungi. The question asks for the corresponding branch of science that studies tissues in living organisms. Such analogies check both vocabulary and fundamental biology knowledge. Given Data / Assumptions: - First pair: FUNGI and MYCOLOGY. - Second base term: TISSUE. - Options: Haematology, Cytology, Histology and Bacteriology. - We assume each option names a specific branch of biology with a standard, accepted meaning. Concept / Approach: Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties and their uses or hazards. The analogy pattern is object of study to academic discipline. Therefore TISSUE must be matched with the branch that specialises in tissues. Histology is defined as the study of the microscopic structure of tissues. Haematology focuses on blood, Cytology on cells, and Bacteriology on bacteria. Thus Histology is the correct parallel to Mycology in the second pair. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the first pair. Fungi are studied under the branch called Mycology. Step 2: Interpret TISSUE as groups of similar cells performing specific functions in plants or animals, such as muscle tissue or nervous tissue. Step 3: Recall that Histology is the science devoted to studying tissues, usually under the microscope. Step 4: Compare alternatives: Haematology deals with blood and blood forming organs, Cytology with individual cells, and Bacteriology with bacteria. Step 5: Select Histology, since it uniquely corresponds to the study of tissues. Verification / Alternative check: Consider how each branch name is used. Histological studies always refer to tissue sections and their microscopic structure. In contrast, haematology labs analyse blood samples, cytology examines cell smears and bacteriology handles colonies of bacteria. Only Histology lines up exactly with TISSUE as the object of study, mirroring FUNGI to MYCOLOGY. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Haematology relates specifically to blood, not all tissues. Cytology is narrower in focusing on cells, which are the building blocks of tissues but not equivalent to them. Bacteriology is about bacteria, which are microorganisms distinct from tissues. Choosing any of these would distort the clear subject to discipline relationship that defines the analogy. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse Cytology and Histology because both involve microscopic work. A useful memory aid is that "cyto" refers to cells, while "histo" refers to tissues. Remembering these prefixes prevents misclassification and helps in many biology related reasoning questions. Final Answer: FUNGI is studied under MYCOLOGY, and in the same way TISSUE is studied under Histology.

Question 4

In the following coded letter analogy, BDFH is related to YWUS by a specific alphabet complement pattern. Applying the same pattern, JLNP is related to which of the following options?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem is a coded letter analogy that uses complementary letter positions in the alphabet. You are told that BDFH maps to YWUS and must find the corresponding mapping for JLNP. Solving this requires identifying how each letter is transformed and then applying the same letter wise rule to the new sequence. Given Data / Assumptions: - First letter group: BDFH. - Related group: YWUS. - Second base group: JLNP. - Answer options: QOMK, ACEF, ZXUT and UVWX. - We assume that each letter position transforms individually via a consistent pattern rather than arbitrary whole word replacement. Concept / Approach: Assign positions to letters: A is 1, B is 2, ..., Z is 26. For BDFH, the positions are 2, 4, 6 and 8. For YWUS, the positions are 25, 23, 21 and 19. Notice that each pair of positions sums to 27: 2 + 25 = 27, 4 + 23 = 27, 6 + 21 = 27 and 8 + 19 = 27. Thus each letter is replaced by its complement whose position adds up to 27, a common mirror rule about the centre of the alphabet. We apply the same rule to JLNP. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm that BDFH to YWUS follows the 27 sum complement rule. Step 2: Convert JLNP to positions. J is 10, L is 12, N is 14 and P is 16. Step 3: For each position x, compute 27 minus x. For J, 27 - 10 = 17 which is Q. For L, 27 - 12 = 15 which is O. For N, 27 - 14 = 13 which is M. For P, 27 - 16 = 11 which is K. Step 4: Write the mapped sequence as QOMK. Step 5: Compare QOMK with the answer options and choose it. Verification / Alternative check: Verify sums: 10 (J) plus 17 (Q) is 27, 12 (L) plus 15 (O) is 27, 14 (N) plus 13 (M) is 27, and 16 (P) plus 11 (K) is 27. The pattern is identical to the one used for BDFH. None of the other options produce such consistent complementary pairs across all positions, so QOMK is uniquely correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B ACEF does not correspond to complementary positions for each letter in JLNP. Option C ZXUT and option D UVWX similarly fail the 27 sum test for all pairs and appear to be distractors based on other patterns. Since a single strict rule must govern the analogy, any option that does not follow the complement rule throughout cannot be accepted. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to assume a simple shift by a fixed number of positions without checking whether this works for the entire group. Another is to correctly identify the complement for one or two letters but fail to test it on all letters before choosing an answer. Writing positions and verifying sums is the safest method to avoid these errors. Final Answer: Using the same alphabet complement rule that maps BDFH to YWUS, JLNP maps to QOMK.

Question 5

In the following number analogy, 18 is related to 30 using a simple linear rule. Using the same rule, 36 is related to which of the following numbers?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This number analogy asks you to identify a simple arithmetic rule that connects two numbers and then apply it to a new input. You are told that 18 relates to 30, and must determine the corresponding value for 36 under the same rule. Such patterns often involve multiplication, addition or a combination of the two, forming a linear relation. Given Data / Assumptions: - First pair: 18 and 30. - Second given number: 36. - Options: 78, 64, 66 and 68. - We assume that a single arithmetic transformation is used consistently for both pairs. Concept / Approach: Test basic transformations. Doubling 18 gives 36, while 30 is slightly less. Specifically, 2 * 18 = 36 and 36 - 6 = 30. So a neat rule is result = 2 * number - 6. We then apply this rule to 36. This kind of rule appears frequently in reasoning sets because it is simple yet requires a bit of attention to notice the minus constant component. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Check if a direct multiplication works for 18. Doubling gives 36, not 30, so we need an adjustment. Step 2: Compute 2 * 18 - 6 = 36 - 6 = 30. This exactly matches the given related number. Step 3: Conclude that the transformation rule is f(n) = 2 * n - 6. Step 4: Apply this rule to 36. Compute 2 * 36 = 72. Step 5: Subtract 6 from 72 to get 72 - 6 = 66. Step 6: Match 66 with the options and select option C. Verification / Alternative check: Check that alternative simple rules do not fit as well. For example, adding a fixed number to 18 would require 12 to reach 30. Adding 12 to 36 would give 48, which is not among the options. Squaring or more complex functions are unnecessary when a clean linear expression works. Because 2n - 6 satisfies the first pair and gives a value present in the options for the second, it is the best explanation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A 78, option B 64 and option D 68 cannot be obtained using the rule 2n - 6 applied to 36. For instance, 2 * 36 - 6 equals 66 only, not 78 or 64 or 68. Choosing any of these would either require a different constant or a different operation, breaking the requirement that the same pattern works for both pairs. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes students try to relate digits instead of the whole numbers, for example using 1 + 8 or 3 + 6, which can lead to confusing or contrived rules. Others fail to test their guessed rule on both the sample and the new number. Always verify that your transformation works consistently before deciding on the final answer. Final Answer: Using the rule result = 2 * number - 6, 18 maps to 30 and 36 maps to 66.

Question 6

In the following letter analogy, AB is related to YX through opposite positions in the alphabet. Using the same relationship, LM is related to which pair of letters?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy uses letter complements in the English alphabet. AB is mapped to YX, and you must determine how LM will be mapped using the same logic. The pattern involves pairing letters from the beginning and end of the alphabet that are equally distant from the ends, a common technique in reasoning questions involving coded letters. Given Data / Assumptions: - First pair: AB. - Related pair: YX. - Second base pair: LM. - Options: NM, OP, IJ and GH. - We assume that each letter of the pair is replaced individually using a positional rule, not an arbitrary whole word mapping. Concept / Approach: Assign positions: A is 1, B is 2, ..., Z is 26. For AB to YX, check sums: A (1) with Y (25) gives 26, and B (2) with X (24) also gives 26. So each letter is replaced by another letter such that their positions sum to 26. This is slightly different from the 27 sum pattern but follows the same complementary idea. We must now apply this 26 sum complement rule to LM. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the relationship for AB to YX. 1 + 25 = 26 and 2 + 24 = 26, so Y and X are complements of A and B respectively. Step 2: Convert L and M to their positions. L is 12 and M is 13. Step 3: For each letter, compute 26 minus its position. For L, 26 - 12 = 14, which corresponds to N. For M, 26 - 13 = 13, which corresponds to M itself. Step 4: Therefore the complementary pair of LM under the 26 sum rule is NM. Step 5: Compare NM with the answer options and select option A. Verification / Alternative check: Check the sums: 12 (L) plus 14 (N) equals 26, and 13 (M) plus 13 (M) also equals 26. This mirrors the AB to YX pattern exactly. None of the other options give such consistent complement sums for both letters. For example, OP would not satisfy 26 minus position mapping for both letters starting from L and M. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B OP, option C IJ and option D GH do not result from the 26 minus position transformation on L and M. They may involve simple forward or backward shifts, but the analogy requires the same complement relationship as observed in AB to YX. Since only NM is the exact complement pair, the other options must be rejected. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to look for simple shifting patterns like moving a fixed number of positions forward or backward. Another is to miscount letter positions by one, which can produce close but incorrect answers. Carefully writing the alphabet with numbers or mentally verifying sums is essential when working with complement based analogies. Final Answer: Using the complement rule where positions add up to 26, LM maps to the letter pair NM.

Question 7

In this alphabet analogy question, DA is related to FE by a specific letter shift; using the same rule, choose the group of letters that correctly completes the pattern: DA : FE :: HI : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question belongs to the alphabet analogy section of verbal reasoning. You are given one pair of letter groups, DA and FE, that follow a certain pattern. You must apply the same hidden rule to the second pair, HI, and then select the correct related group of letters from the options. Such problems test your familiarity with alphabetical positions and your ability to recognise consistent shifts across letters. Given Data / Assumptions: The English alphabet has 26 letters, from A to Z. The pair DA : FE is a valid example of a code rule. The same rule must be applied to HI to find the missing group. Exactly one option will follow the same position based pattern that converts DA into FE. Concept / Approach: Letter analogy questions usually work by shifting each letter forward or backward by a fixed number of positions. Sometimes different letters in the same group are shifted by different amounts, but in a regular pattern. The simplest way to solve this question is to convert each letter into its position in the alphabet and then observe how the first pair changes. After the rule is identified, we use it to transform the second group, HI, and match the result with the options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write the positions of the letters in DA. D is the 4th letter and A is the 1st letter of the alphabet.Step 2: Write the positions of the letters in FE. F is the 6th letter and E is the 5th letter.Step 3: Compare the first letters: D (4) to F (6) is a shift of +2 positions.Step 4: Compare the second letters: A (1) to E (5) is a shift of +4 positions.Step 5: Conclude that the rule for DA is: first letter plus 2, second letter plus 4.Step 6: Apply the same rule to HI. H is the 8th letter, so H + 2 gives the 10th letter, J. I is the 9th letter, so I + 4 gives the 13th letter, M.Step 7: The resulting pair is JM, which is present as option B. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly check that no other option fits the discovered rule. KO would require adding +3 and +6 to H and I, JK would apply +2 to both letters, and KJ would mix different shifts. Only JM respects exactly +2 for the first letter and +4 for the second letter, so the pattern is unique and reliable. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, KO, does not match the position changes we observed. Option C, JK, would require adding +2 to both letters instead of +2 and +4. Option D, KJ, reverses letters and shifts inconsistently. Because these do not follow the same transformation that takes DA to FE, they are all incorrect. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to assume that every letter in a pair is shifted by the same amount or to guess based only on appearance. Some test takers also forget to check each letter separately. Always convert letters to numbers, compute the exact differences and apply the same operations in the same order to the new pair. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy is JM, so option B is the right answer.

Question 8

In this number analogy, 2 is related to 16 by a power based rule; using the same rule, choose the number that correctly completes the pattern: 2 : 16 :: 3 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem is a classic number analogy question. The first pair, 2 and 16, follows a mathematical relationship that you must discover. Then you apply the same relationship to the second number, 3, in order to find the missing term. These questions are designed to test your familiarity with exponents, simple operations and pattern recognition in numbers. Given Data / Assumptions: The first pair is 2 and 16. The second pair starts with 3 and the unknown number to be found. The same numeric operation must link 2 to 16 and 3 to the correct option. Only one option will match the rule consistently. Concept / Approach: When a small number maps to a considerably larger one, powers and exponents are often involved. We test whether 16 has a simple expression in terms of 2, such as 2 squared, 2 cubed or higher powers. Once we identify that 16 is 2 raised to a certain power, we apply that same exponent to 3 and then match the result with the available options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Express 16 in terms of 2. We know that 2^2 = 4, 2^3 = 8 and 2^4 = 16.Step 2: From the above, we see that 16 equals 2 raised to the power 4. So the rule connecting the first pair is n mapped to n^4.Step 3: Apply the same rule to 3. We must compute 3^4.Step 4: Calculate 3^2 = 9 and then 3^4 = 9^2 = 81.Step 5: Therefore, under the rule n mapped to n^4, the number corresponding to 3 is 81.Step 6: Check the options and note that 81 is given as option B. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, test whether any other simple pattern could connect 2 to 16 and 3 to one of the other options. For example, 2 multiplied by 8 gives 16, but 3 multiplied by 8 would give 24, which is not among the options. Similarly, 2 cubed plus something does not give a neat symmetric rule. The exponent pattern 2^4 and 3^4 is the simplest consistent relationship that explains the given pair and produces a listed option. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, 340, does not correspond to any simple power of 3. Option C, 243, equals 3^5 and would require changing the exponent between pairs, which is not allowed. Option D, 122, does not have a direct power based connection with 3. Thus, they do not follow the same rule that maps 2 to 16. Common Pitfalls: Many students quickly see that 16 is a power of 2 but then incorrectly choose 243 as 3^5, thinking that higher exponents are better. Others try to use addition and multiplication combinations rather than the cleaner exponent rule. Always prioritise the simplest pattern that works perfectly for the first pair and then apply it unchanged to the second pair. Final Answer: Using the same rule, 3 is related to 81, so option B is correct.

Question 9

In this subject based analogy question, Mughals are associated with History; using the same type of relationship, choose the subject that is most closely associated with Rivers: Mughals : History :: Rivers : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a simple verbal analogy based on academic subjects. The pair Mughals : History shows that the topic of Mughals is studied under the subject of History. You are asked to find which subject most naturally covers the topic of Rivers. Questions like this are common in general intelligence sections and test your ability to link topics to their appropriate fields of study. Given Data / Assumptions: Mughals refers to the Mughal dynasty and period in India. History is the academic subject that studies past events, rulers, empires and societies. Rivers are natural flowing water bodies on the earths surface. The options list common school subjects: Geography, Physics, Psychology and Biology. Concept / Approach: We first clarify the relationship in the example pair. Mughals are a topic within the broader subject of History. So the pattern is topic mapped to subject. We then look for the subject under which Rivers are systematically studied in school and college curricula. While rivers may appear briefly in several subjects, one subject deals with them as one of its core elements. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the pair Mughals : History. The Mughal period is a chapter in Indian and world History, so this is topic to subject.Step 2: Identify the nature of Rivers. Rivers are physical features of the Earths surface, including their origin, course, basin and impact on human settlement.Step 3: Consider the subject Geography. Geography deals with landforms, climate, river systems, oceans, population distribution and related topics.Step 4: Recognise that Rivers are systematically covered in Physical Geography and regional Geography chapters, which makes Geography the natural subject for this topic.Step 5: Review the other options. Physics studies matter, energy and forces; Psychology deals with human behaviour and mind; Biology covers living organisms and life processes.Step 6: None of these three treats Rivers as a central topic in the same way Geography does. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by recalling standard school textbooks. Chapters like Major river systems of India or World rivers appear in Geography books. History textbooks, on the other hand, focus on rulers, empires and social changes, while Physics and Biology textbooks focus on scientific laws and life processes. This confirms that Rivers are most appropriately linked with Geography in the same way Mughals are linked with History. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, Physics, may touch water flow in topics like fluid mechanics, but it does not study river systems as geographical entities. Option C, Psychology, has no direct connection to rivers as physical features. Option D, Biology, may discuss aquatic life but not rivers as landforms and drainage systems. Therefore these options do not match the subject relationship required by the analogy. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates get distracted by the fact that water appears in science subjects and may overthink the connection with Physics or Biology. Others may not clearly separate the idea of a natural feature from the scientific processes related to it. Always focus on which formal subject treats the given word as a main chapter or topic, not just where it might be mentioned indirectly. Final Answer: The subject that stands to Rivers as History stands to Mughals is Geography, so option A is correct.

Question 10

In this letter series analogy, ADH is related to ILP by a constant forward shift; using the same rule, select the group of letters that completes the pattern: ADH : ILP :: GJN : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem is from the alphabet analogy section, where each letter in a group is transformed using a fixed rule. You are given the pair ADH : ILP and asked to find the corresponding group for GJN. To solve such questions, you must be comfortable with alphabet positions and systematic shifts. Given Data / Assumptions: The English alphabet is numbered A = 1 through Z = 26. The first group ADH maps to ILP. The same mapping rule must be applied to GJN. Exactly one option will conform to the same consistent shift applied to all letters. Concept / Approach: The usual strategy is to convert each letter to its numeric position and check the difference between corresponding letters of the two groups. If the difference is constant, we have a uniform shift code. If the difference alternates or changes in a pattern, we capture that and apply it to the second group. Here, we look for a simple constant addition to each position from ADH to ILP. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write positions of A, D and H. A = 1, D = 4 and H = 8.Step 2: Write positions of I, L and P. I = 9, L = 12 and P = 16.Step 3: Compute the differences: A (1) to I (9) is +8; D (4) to L (12) is +8; H (8) to P (16) is also +8.Step 4: Conclude that each letter in ADH is shifted forward by 8 positions to obtain ILP.Step 5: Now apply the same +8 rule to GJN. Positions are G = 7, J = 10 and N = 14.Step 6: Add 8 to each position: 7 + 8 = 15 (O), 10 + 8 = 18 (R), 14 + 8 = 22 (V).Step 7: The resulting group is ORV, which matches option B. Verification / Alternative check: We confirm our finding by checking whether any other option could arise from a different simple rule. If we tried a mixed pattern like plus 7, plus 9 or alternating shifts, it would not reproduce ILP cleanly. The uniform plus 8 pattern works perfectly for all letters in the first pair and gives ORV for the second group, which appears exactly in the options. This makes the rule both valid and unique. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, OVR, contains the same letters but in a different order, which does not maintain corresponding positions. Option C, PVR, and option D, PWR, introduce letters that cannot be obtained by adding +8 to G, J and N. Since the code must preserve the one to one order of positions with the same shift, those options break the pattern and are incorrect. Common Pitfalls: One common error is to focus only on the presence of certain letters while ignoring order and exact differences. Another is to try complicated patterns before testing the simplest possibility of a constant shift. Always compute the numeric difference between each pair of letters before jumping to conclusions. Final Answer: The group of letters that completes the analogy correctly is ORV, so option B is the right answer.

Question 11

In this letter pair analogy, WD is related to TF by a specific forward and backward shift; using the same pattern, choose the pair that completes the analogy: WD : TF :: TG : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question uses an alphabetic analogy between pairs of letters. The pair WD changes to TF using a specific rule applied to each letter. You must detect that rule and then apply it to the second pair, TG, to find the correct related pair from the options. These questions improve your skill in tracking multiple shifts simultaneously. Given Data / Assumptions: The alphabet is numbered from A = 1 to Z = 26. WD is transformed into TF. The transformation is consistent across the letters within the pair. The same two letter operation is applied to TG. Concept / Approach: To solve this, we analyse each position separately. It is common for the first and second letters of a pair to have different shifts. So we find the change from W to T and from D to F. Once we identify both shifts, we apply them to the letters T and G in the second pair. We must preserve the order and use the same amount of addition or subtraction. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note the positions of W and D. W is the 23rd letter, and D is the 4th.Step 2: Find the positions of T and F. T is the 20th letter, and F is the 6th.Step 3: Compute the shift for the first letter: W (23) to T (20) is a change of minus 3 positions.Step 4: Compute the shift for the second letter: D (4) to F (6) is a change of plus 2 positions.Step 5: Infer the rule: first letter moves back 3 positions in the alphabet, while the second letter moves forward 2 positions.Step 6: Apply this rule to TG. T is the 20th letter, and G is the 7th.Step 7: Move T back by 3 positions: 20 minus 3 equals 17, which corresponds to Q.Step 8: Move G forward by 2 positions: 7 plus 2 equals 9, which corresponds to I.Step 9: The resulting pair is QI, which matches option B. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, we simply reapply the same logic. WD to TF uses minus 3 on the first letter and plus 2 on the second. Applying minus 3 and plus 2 to T and G gives QI consistently. Alternatives like QR, IQ and IP do not arise from these exact shifts. Therefore our pattern is both consistent and unique. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, QR, requires adding or subtracting different values that do not match the WD to TF transformation. Option C, IQ, reverses the correct pair and violates the position based rule. Option D, IP, introduces P, which cannot be obtained by adding 2 to G. Since none of these maintain the precise minus 3 and plus 2 pattern, they are incorrect. Common Pitfalls: Students often assume the same shift is used for both letters or fail to consider backward shifts. Another mistake is to swap the order of letters or pick a visually appealing pair without verifying numerical positions. The safest method is always to convert letters to numbers, compute the exact changes and replicate them carefully. Final Answer: Under the same pattern, TG transforms into QI, so option B is correct.

Question 12

In this number analogy, 9 is related to 27 through an exponent pattern; using the same rule, select the number that correctly completes the analogy: 9 : 27 :: 64 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem is a number analogy question where each pair of numbers is linked by a power based rule. The first pair, 9 and 27, shows a particular exponent relationship. You must detect that relationship and then apply it to the second number, 64, to identify the correct matching term. Questions like this test your understanding of roots, powers and pattern recognition. Given Data / Assumptions: The numbers involved are 9, 27, 64 and the unknown term. One pair is 9 : 27, the other is 64 : ?. The same mathematical operation must relate 9 to 27 and 64 to the missing number. We expect exponents or roots because 9 and 27 have simple power relationships. Concept / Approach: First, we express each number in the first pair in terms of prime powers. Nine is 3 squared, and twenty seven is 3 cubed. This indicates a change in exponent. A natural guess is that the second number is the first number raised to the power of three halves, since (3^2)^(3/2) equals 3^3. Once we verify that 9 raised to power three halves really equals 27, we can apply the same exponent to 64 and see which option matches. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write 9 as a power of 3. We have 9 = 3^2.Step 2: Write 27 as a power of 3. We have 27 = 3^3.Step 3: Observe that 3^3 can be obtained from 3^2 by raising 3^2 to power 3/2, because (3^2)^(3/2) = 3^(2 * 3/2) = 3^3.Step 4: Equivalently, 9^(3/2) = (square root of 9) cubed = 3^3 = 27. So the rule can be described as n raised to power 3/2.Step 5: Apply the same rule to 64. First find the square root of 64, which is 8.Step 6: Now cube the result: 8^3 = 512.Step 7: Therefore, under this exponent pattern, 64 maps to 512, which matches option C. Verification / Alternative check: We can also check other options using simpler patterns, such as multiplication by a constant. For instance, 9 multiplied by 3 gives 27, but 64 multiplied by 3 gives 192, which is not among the options. The exponent method works neatly for 9 and 27, and reproduces 512 from 64. Since 512 is 8 cubed and 8 is the square root of 64, the analogy is consistent and exact. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, 225, is 15 squared and does not relate to 64 by the 3/2 exponent rule. Option B, 216, equals 6 cubed and would require a different operation. Option D, 324, is 18 squared and again does not match the discovered pattern. None of these preserve the relationship that 9 has with 27. Common Pitfalls: Many candidates only try linear operations like adding or multiplying by a fixed number and overlook exponent patterns. Others see that 27 is 3 cubed but fail to relate it to 9 as 3 squared. A good habit is to express the numbers with prime factors and compare exponents whenever powers seem likely. That quickly leads to the correct rule in this question. Final Answer: Following the same pattern, 64 is related to 512, so option C is correct.

Question 13

In this place and profession analogy, School is related to Teacher as Hospital is related to which of the following: School : Teacher :: Hospital : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a classic verbal analogy based on places and the professionals who work there. The pair School : Teacher shows that a teacher is the key professional associated with a school. In the same way, we must identify the key professional associated with a hospital. Such questions test general knowledge and the ability to see functional relationships. Given Data / Assumptions: A school is an institution where formal education takes place. A teacher is the main professional responsible for imparting knowledge in a school. A hospital is an institution where medical treatment and care are provided. The options include Clerk, Doctor, Student and Patient. Concept / Approach: The relationship in the example pair can be described as place mapped to principal professional. In a school, there are many people like students and clerks, but the defining professional is the teacher. For a hospital we must similarly select the professional who defines the purpose of that place. We are not just looking for any person found there, but the one whose role best represents the institution. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Analyse the pair School : Teacher. The primary function of a school is teaching, and the specialist who performs this function is the teacher.Step 2: List the people commonly found in a hospital: doctors, nurses, clerks, and patients.Step 3: Identify the main function of a hospital, which is diagnosing and treating illness and injury.Step 4: Determine which role is directly responsible for this main function. Doctors examine patients, prescribe medicines and perform surgeries. They are the core medical professionals.Step 5: Compare this with other roles. Clerks handle administrative work, and patients receive care but are not staff professionals. Students do not belong naturally to a hospital setting.Step 6: Therefore, the profession that stands to hospital as teacher stands to school is doctor. Verification / Alternative check: We can express the analogy in words: as teachers teach in schools, doctors treat patients in hospitals. This keeps both the place and the primary professional parallel. If we tried to substitute patient, the structure would break, because patients are receivers of service rather than the defining service providers. Thus, doctor is the only choice that maintains the functional analogy. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, Clerk, is present in many offices and workplaces, not only hospitals, and is not unique to medical care. Option C, Student, belongs in a school, not primarily in a hospital. Option D, Patient, is someone who receives treatment rather than a professional who provides it. These roles do not match the place to main professional relationship shown in the stem pair. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates are tempted by Patient because hospitals are full of patients, but that reverses the perspective of the analogy. Others may not think carefully about what is meant by the key professional. The safest approach is to ask which person is professionally responsible for the primary purpose of the institution in each case. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy is Doctor, so option B is correct.

Question 14

In this letter and number analogy, JY is related to 35 by a positional value rule; using the same idea, choose the number that completes the analogy: JY : 35 :: RT : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question mixes letters and numbers in a single analogy. The pair JY is related to the number 35 by a certain positional rule. You must use the same logic to relate RT to a suitable number from the options. This type of question tests your understanding of alphabet positions and your ability to convert them into numerical expressions. Given Data / Assumptions: The pair is JY : 35 and RT : ?. J and Y are letters in the English alphabet. The number 35 is derived from JY using some operation on their positions. The same operation must be applied to R and T. Concept / Approach: When letters are associated with a two digit number, a common pattern is to use the sum or concatenation of their position values. For example, if J is the 10th letter and Y is the 25th letter, their sum is 35. Once we confirm that 35 equals 10 plus 25, we apply the same sum rule to R and T. This is usually more natural than complex operations like products or squares for simple analogies. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Determine the position of J. J is the 10th letter of the alphabet.Step 2: Determine the position of Y. Y is the 25th letter of the alphabet.Step 3: Add these positions: 10 plus 25 equals 35, which exactly matches the number given in the first pair.Step 4: Conclude that the rule is: convert each letter into its numeric position and then add the two values.Step 5: Apply this rule to R and T. R is the 18th letter of the alphabet.Step 6: T is the 20th letter of the alphabet.Step 7: Add the positions: 18 plus 20 equals 38.Step 8: From the options, 38 appears as option B, so that must be the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: We can check if any other simple numeric pattern could produce 35 from J and Y. Their difference is 15, and their product is 250, neither of which is 35. The sum matches perfectly and leads to a realistic value for RT as well. Furthermore, 38 is the only option that arises from the same sum rule applied to 18 and 20. This consistency strongly confirms our solution. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, 48, would require adding an extra 10 without justification. Option C, 35, simply repeats the first result and ignores the different letters. Option D, 24, might come from the difference 20 minus 18 plus some extra step, but that does not match the original transformation. Since none of these follow the clear sum of positions rule, they are incorrect. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes try to use products, differences or even random combinations when a straightforward sum works. Others may misremember letter positions, especially near the end of the alphabet, leading to wrong totals. A reliable method is to write down the alphabet with numbers or mentally divide it into parts to confirm each letters position before doing the arithmetic. Final Answer: Using the same positional value rule, RT corresponds to 38, so option B is correct.

Question 15

In this alphabet to single letter analogy, AD is related to N through a position based code; using the same idea, choose the correct letter that completes the pattern: AD : N :: BD : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem is an alphabet coding analogy where a pair of letters maps to a single letter. The pair AD is coded as N, and you must determine how BD will be coded under the same rule. These questions test your ability to work with alphabet positions, two digit numbers and their mapping to letters. Given Data / Assumptions: The alphabet runs from A = 1 to Z = 26. The pair AD is mapped to the single letter N. The same rule must be applied to BD to find the correct resulting letter. The answer must be one of P, X, Y or Z. Concept / Approach: Since two letters are mapped to just one letter, a common technique is to encode the two positions as a two digit number, then interpret that number as the position of the resulting letter. For example, if A is 1 and D is 4, you can place their positions side by side to make the number 14. The 14th letter of the alphabet is N, which matches the given code. If this interpretation holds, then BD should be converted to its position based two digit number and mapped the same way. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Find the positions of A and D. A is 1 and D is 4.Step 2: Form the two digit number from these positions. Combining 1 and 4 gives 14.Step 3: Determine the 14th letter of the alphabet. Counting forward, the 14th letter is N.Step 4: This confirms that AD is coded as N by mapping positions 1 and 4 to the number 14 and then to the 14th letter.Step 5: Now apply the same idea to BD. B is the 2nd letter, and D is the 4th letter.Step 6: Combine these positional values to form the two digit number 24.Step 7: The 24th letter of the alphabet is X.Step 8: Therefore BD is coded as X under the same rule, which matches option B. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify that no other reasonable interpretation fits the given code AD mapped to N. If we added positions, 1 plus 4 would give 5, which maps to E, not N. If we multiplied them, 1 times 4 would give 4, which maps to D. The unique pattern that explains N is the two digit number 14 interpreted as a letter position. Using the same method on BD naturally yields 24, or X. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, P, is the 16th letter and would require the number 16, not 24. Option C, Y, is the 25th letter, and option D, Z, is the 26th. None of these values arise from the concatenation of positions 2 and 4. Hence they do not match the coding logic that is clearly established by the example pair. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates try to sum the positions or look for average values without checking whether those operations actually lead to the given code N. Others may miscount letter positions beyond M. The best practice is to test proposed rules on the example pair first and only then apply a rule that exactly reproduces the known mapping. Final Answer: The letter that completes the analogy correctly is X, so option B is correct.

Question 16

In this digit based number analogy, 97 is related to 2 by a simple operation on its digits; using the same idea, select the number that completes the pattern: 97 : 2 :: 84 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a number analogy that involves working with the digits of two digit numbers. The pair 97 : 2 suggests that a simple operation on the digits 9 and 7 produces the value 2. You must apply the same digit based rule to 84 and choose the correct result from the options. This type of question checks your alertness to basic arithmetic patterns involving digits. Given Data / Assumptions: The first pair is 97 mapped to 2. The second pair is 84 mapped to an unknown number. The same operation must be applied to both pairs in a consistent way. The likely operations are sum, difference or some combination of the digits. Concept / Approach: Start by examining common operations on digits. For 97, the sum of digits is 9 plus 7 equals 16, which does not give 2 directly. However, the difference between 9 and 7 equals 2, which matches the given mapping. Therefore, the rule appears to be that the result is the absolute difference between the tens digit and the units digit. We can then apply this difference rule to 84. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: For the number 97, identify the tens digit as 9 and the units digit as 7.Step 2: Compute the difference between these digits: 9 minus 7 equals 2.Step 3: This matches the given second number in the pair, so the rule is consistent for 97.Step 4: Now apply the same rule to 84. The tens digit is 8 and the units digit is 4.Step 5: Compute the difference between the digits: 8 minus 4 equals 4.Step 6: Among the options, 4 appears as option A, so that is the correct mapping for 84. Verification / Alternative check: We can test whether any other simple digit operation might be possible. For 97, the digit sum 9 plus 7 equals 16, which would require further steps like taking the sum of digits again to reach 7 or similar, but 2 cannot be obtained in a straightforward consistent way. The cleanest and simplest rule is the digit difference. Applying that same rule to 84 gives 4, which is clearly present in the options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option B, 3, would be the digit difference for 63 or 96, not for 84. Option C, 6, could be the digit difference for 42 or 60, but not 84. Option D, 5, similarly does not correspond to 8 minus 4. None of these values arise from the direct digit difference of the number 84, so they do not satisfy the analogy. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes try to overcomplicate the pattern, looking for squares or products of digits when a simple operation would do. Another common mistake is to take the difference in the wrong order or to forget that the absolute difference should be non negative. Here, 8 minus 4 is straightforward, and keeping the rule as simple as possible helps avoid confusion. Final Answer: Using the same digit difference rule, 84 corresponds to 4, so option A is correct.

Question 17

In this sound and animal analogy, Horse is related to Neigh as Elephant is related to which of the following characteristic sounds: Horse : Neigh :: Elephant : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a straightforward general knowledge analogy involving animals and their characteristic sounds. The pair Horse : Neigh indicates that neigh is the typical sound made by a horse. You must identify the sound that similarly represents an elephant. Such questions are frequently used to check basic awareness and vocabulary related to animals. Given Data / Assumptions: A horse produces a sound commonly described in English as a neigh. An elephant is a large land animal with a distinctive call. The options list different animal sounds: Quack, Trumpet, Mew and Grunt. Exactly one of these is widely accepted as the sound associated with elephants. Concept / Approach: The relationship in the first pair is animal mapped to typical sound. So the second pair must preserve the same relationship. We simply recall common English words used for animal sounds and match the one linked with elephants. It is important not to be distracted by sounds associated with other animals in the options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the first relationship. Horses are known to neigh, so the pair Horse : Neigh is correct.Step 2: Recall the sounds for each option. Quack is associated with ducks, Mew is associated with cats or kittens, and Grunt is often associated with pigs or sometimes other animals.Step 3: Consider the elephant. The loud, high pitched sound made by elephants, especially using their trunks, is called a trumpet or trumpeting.Step 4: Match this with the options. Trumpet is listed as option B.Step 5: Therefore, Elephant : Trumpet mirrors Horse : Neigh as an animal to its characteristic sound. Verification / Alternative check: We can express the analogy in sentence form: as a horse neighs, an elephant trumpets. This parallel structure confirms that the relationship is the same in both pairs. None of the other sounds are plausibly linked to elephants in standard English usage. Ducks quack, cats mew and pigs grunt, which rules out those options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, Quack, belongs to ducks and has no connection with elephants. Option C, Mew, is the soft sound made by cats or kittens. Option D, Grunt, fits pigs or sometimes humans expressing effort or annoyance, but not elephants. Since the question asks for the specific sound that matches elephants in the same way neigh matches horses, these options are incorrect. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may not remember the exact word for the elephants call and might guess based on the tone of the word. Others might confuse trumpeting with human instruments rather than animal calls. To avoid such errors, it helps to revise common animal sound vocabulary, as they appear regularly in basic reasoning and general knowledge questions. Final Answer: The sound that completes the analogy correctly is Trumpet, so option B is correct.

Question 18

In this letter and number analogy, GH is related to 78 through alphabet positions; using the same idea, choose the letter pair that corresponds to 1819: GH : 78 :: ? : 1819

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy combines letters and numbers using alphabet positions. The pair GH corresponds to 78. You must determine which pair of letters will correspond to 1819 under the same rule. These questions train you to map letters to their ordinal positions in the alphabet and to recognise simple concatenation patterns. Given Data / Assumptions: The alphabet is ordered from A = 1 to Z = 26. GH is linked to the number 78. The same pattern must generate 1819 from another pair of letters. The answer must be one of HG, LM, RS or IJ. Concept / Approach: Whenever two letters map to a two digit number, a very common pattern is to use their positions in the alphabet and either add or concatenate them. For GH, we can check whether 7 and 8 are relevant because G is the 7th letter and H is the 8th. If 78 is formed simply by writing these positions side by side, then the mapping is clear. We then look for a letter pair whose positions are 18 and 19, which when concatenated give 1819. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Determine the positions of G and H. G is the 7th letter and H is the 8th letter.Step 2: Notice that the number 78 is formed by placing the digits 7 and 8 next to each other, not by adding them.Step 3: Conclude that the rule is: map each letter to its numeric position and then form a two digit or four digit number by concatenating those positions.Step 4: We now want a letter pair that produces 1819. This suggests the first letter has position 18 and the second letter has position 19.Step 5: Identify the 18th letter of the alphabet as R.Step 6: Identify the 19th letter of the alphabet as S.Step 7: Therefore, the pair RS, with positions 18 and 19, corresponds to the number 1819. Verification / Alternative check: We can check the other options to confirm that they do not generate 1819. For HG, the positions are 8 and 7, so concatenation would give 87. For LM, the positions are 12 and 13, giving 1213. For IJ, the positions are 9 and 10, giving 910. None of these equals 1819. Only RS correctly maps to 18 and 19, which combined yield 1819, exactly as required. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, HG, reverses the letters and therefore the positions, so it cannot produce 1819. Option B, LM, has positions 12 and 13 and would give 1213. Option D, IJ, has positions 9 and 10 and would map to 910. These numbers are entirely different from 1819 and do not fit the analogy pattern established by GH : 78. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates mistakenly add positions instead of concatenating them. For example, 7 plus 8 equals 15, which would not match 78, but the presence of 7 and 8 might still mislead them. Others may forget exact letter positions beyond L. The safe approach is to write positions clearly and check whether the example pair supports addition or simple concatenation. Final Answer: The letter pair that corresponds to 1819 under the same rule is RS, so option C is correct.

Question 19

In this word reordering analogy, CAR is reversed to form RAC; using the same pattern, select the word that corresponds to TYRE: CAR : RAC :: TYRE : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a word analogy problem based purely on the order of letters. The word CAR is transformed into RAC, which is simply the reverse order of its letters. You must identify which option represents the same reversal pattern when applied to TYRE. These questions test attention to letter order and simple string manipulations. Given Data / Assumptions: The first word is CAR and the second word is RAC. RAC is obtained by reversing the letters in CAR. The second pair starts with TYRE and must be transformed in the same way. Among the options, we must find the exact reverse of TYRE. Concept / Approach: In the first pair, we check whether any letter substitution or shift occurs. However, every letter from CAR appears in RAC, just in reverse order: C A R becomes R A C. Since no letters change, the transformation is simply reversal of the sequence. Therefore, TYRE must also be reversed letter by letter to form the correct corresponding word. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write the original word CAR.Step 2: Reverse the order of the letters: from C A R to R A C.Step 3: This confirms that the rule is to reverse the letters of the word without any substitution.Step 4: Now write the word TYRE and identify its letters in order: T, Y, R, E.Step 5: Reverse the sequence of letters: the last letter E comes first, then R, then Y, then T.Step 6: The reversed word is ERYT.Step 7: Compare ERYT with the given options; it appears exactly as option C. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify that no other option matches the reversal pattern. Option B, ERTY, is not a pure reverse but a partial rearrangement where T and Y are swapped. Option A, RUBBER, is a completely different word, and option D, STEEL, is also unrelated. Only ERYT keeps all letters of TYRE in exact reverse order, which mirrors the transformation from CAR to RAC. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, RUBBER, may seem associated with TYRE by meaning, but the analogy in the first pair is not based on meaning; it is based on spelling reversal. Option B, ERTY, is an anagram that does not follow a simple left to right reversal. Option D, STEEL, is again thematically related to materials but not constructed by reversing TYRE. Therefore these do not preserve the structural transformation shown in the example pair. Common Pitfalls: Many test takers are tempted to think in terms of real world associations such as CAR and TYRE or TYRE and RUBBER. However, the original transformation does not use meaning; it only reverses letters. Ignoring that can lead to the wrong answer. When you see a pair like CAR and RAC, always first check for letter order manipulations before interpreting semantic relationships. Final Answer: The correct reversed form of TYRE, matching the analogy pattern, is ERYT, so option C is correct.

Question 20

In this numeric analogy, 12 is related to 60 by a simple multiplication rule; using the same pattern, choose the number that correctly completes the analogy: 12 : 60 :: 28 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a number analogy question where each pair is related by a simple arithmetic operation. The pair 12 : 60 tells us how 60 is obtained from 12. You must apply the same rule to 28 to find the correct corresponding number. These questions strengthen your number sense and familiarity with basic operations like multiplication. Given Data / Assumptions: The first pair is 12 and 60. The second pair is 28 and an unknown number. The same fixed arithmetic rule must connect the numbers in both pairs. The operations are likely to be standard ones such as multiplication by a constant. Concept / Approach: Start by checking how 60 is related to 12. If we divide 60 by 12, we get 5, which suggests multiplication by 5. We then test whether this pattern is reasonable and apply it to 28. Because the question is from basic analogue reasoning, a simple constant multiplier is usually preferred over complicated expressions unless there is strong evidence to the contrary. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute 60 divided by 12. The result is 5.Step 2: Conclude that 60 is equal to 12 multiplied by 5.Step 3: Infer the rule: each first number is multiplied by 5 to give the second number in the pair.Step 4: Apply this rule to 28 by multiplying 28 by 5.Step 5: Calculate 28 * 5 = 140.Step 6: Compare 140 with the options; it is given as option D. Verification / Alternative check: Consider whether any other rule might produce 60 from 12 and be consistent with the options. For example, adding a fixed number would require 12 plus some constant equal to 60, giving 48, which cannot logically be reused to map 28 to any listed option. Multiplying by 5 is the cleanest and most symmetric operation. Applying the same multiplier to 28 gives 140, exactly one of the options, and no other simple operation yields a valid choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option A, 160, would require multiplying 28 by a factor greater than 5, which would not match the rule used for 12. Option B, 150, is 28 multiplied by approximately 5.36, which again breaks consistency. Option C, 145, has no straightforward exact factor relationship with 28 that mirrors 12 to 60. Thus these numbers do not obey the same constant multiplier pattern. Common Pitfalls: Some test takers look for unnecessarily complex operations such as squares or combinations of addition and multiplication when a simple constant factor suffices. Others may miscalculate the product 28 * 5 under time pressure. To avoid mistakes, always test the simplest hypotheses first and double check your multiplication for common numbers. Final Answer: Applying the same multiplication rule, 28 corresponds to 140, so option D is correct.

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