Question 1

“Apparel” is related to “cloth” (material) in the same way as “Footwear” is related to which material? Choose the best material-based pairing.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Material analogies pair a product category with its typical construction material. Apparel is commonly made from cloth; similarly, many types of footwear are traditionally made from leather (though modern variants use synthetics, the canonical pairing remains leather). The task is to preserve the “category → material” relation. Given Data / Assumptions: Apparel → cloth (category → typical material). Footwear → ? (choose a material). Only one option names a material that commonly maps to footwear. Concept / Approach: Maintain the same semantic relation (product to material), not product to maker or product to instance. “Leather” is a material; “cobbler” is a maker/repairer; “shoes” are items within the category; “material” is too generic and does not mirror the specificity of “cloth.” Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation type: product category → primary material.2) Select “Leather” as the footwear analog of “cloth.” Verification / Alternative check: Examples include leather boots, leather sandals, leather formal shoes—reinforcing the canonical mapping in reasoning tests. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Material: Overly broad; lacks the specificity parallel to “cloth.” Cobbler: Profession, not material. Shoes: Instance of the category, not the material. Common Pitfalls: Selecting a related concept (maker or item) instead of keeping the material relation aligned. Final Answer: Leather

Question 2

Which option relates to “Melody” in the same way that “Delicious” relates to “Taste”? Select the auditory counterpart.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Sensory analogies connect a quality with the sense or medium through which it is perceived. “Delicious” describes a pleasant gustatory quality experienced via “taste.” We must choose the auditory counterpart for “melody,” focusing on perception/production within the hearing domain. Given Data / Assumptions: Delicious ↔ Taste (gustation). Melody is an organized sequence of musical tones perceived by hearing and produced by voice/instruments. Options should be evaluated for auditory relevance and role. Concept / Approach: Among the options, “Voice” is the natural auditory counterpart (a principal medium that carries melody). “Speak” is an action; “tongue” relates to taste and speech articulation (gustatory/articulatory, not the auditory product itself); “highness” refers to pitch height, not the general auditory medium producing melody. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify that the analogy wants a hearing-related match.2) Select the medium that produces and conveys melody: “Voice.” Verification / Alternative check: Melody can be vocal or instrumental; since only “Voice” among the options is a clean auditory producer, it best mirrors the relationship structure. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Speak: Verb; not a medium/object. Tongue: Organ for taste/speech, not auditory medium. Highness: Describes pitch level, not the general auditory carrier. Common Pitfalls: Picking a speech-related organ or action instead of the channel/producer that parallels taste. Final Answer: Voice

Question 3

“Waves” are related to “Air” (as in sound waves in air) in the same way “Ripples” are related to which medium? Choose the correct physical medium.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Physics-based analogies frequently match phenomena to their natural media. Sound waves commonly propagate in air; ripples are surface wave patterns observed on liquids, most familiarly on water. The task is to map each phenomenon to its usual medium. Given Data / Assumptions: Waves (in the sense of sound waves) ↔ air as the medium. Ripples are small waves that occur on liquid surfaces. We must choose the correct medium for ripples. Concept / Approach: Identify the canonical environment for the phenomenon. Ripples are formed on the surface of water due to disturbances (e.g., a stone drop, breeze). The remaining options (wind, storm, smoke) are causes/agents or unrelated substances, not the surface medium itself. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Recognize phenomenon-to-medium relation for waves.2) Apply it to ripples: select “Water.” Verification / Alternative check: Visualize the classic classroom demonstration: ripples on a water tray when disturbed; this confirms the intended mapping. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Wind/Storm: Possible causes of ripples, not the medium. Smoke: A suspension of particles in air; not a water surface. Common Pitfalls: Confusing causes with mediums; the analogy wants the environment in which the pattern appears. Final Answer: Water

Question 4

“Young” is related to “Old” as an antonym. In the same way, “Wide” is related to which antonym? Choose the best opposite.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a straightforward antonym analogy. “Young : Old” sets the pattern of opposites. We must supply the standard opposite for “wide.” Given Data / Assumptions: Opposite relation must be preserved. We prefer the most common dictionary antonym. Concept / Approach: “Wide” denotes large breadth; its standard antonym is “narrow,” denoting small breadth. Other options either describe different dimensions (“long”) or unrelated size/quality terms (“big,” “insufficient”). Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify the relation as antonymy.2) Select “Narrow” as the precise opposite of “Wide.” Verification / Alternative check: Standard thesaurus entries list narrow as the direct antonym of wide in spatial contexts. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Big/Long: Different dimensions or general size; not opposite breadth. Insufficient: Concerned with quantity/adequacy; unrelated to width. Common Pitfalls: Confusing dimensional adjectives (length vs width). The opposite must share the same dimension. Final Answer: Narrow

Question 5

“If” relates to “Condition” (a conjunction signaling a condition). In the same way, “But” relates to which discourse function? Choose the best label.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Language analogies connect words to their discourse functions. “If” is a subordinating conjunction introducing a condition. Similarly, “but” is a coordinating conjunction introducing contrast or opposition in discourse—often termed contradiction or contrast to prior expectation. Select the most accurate functional label from the options. Given Data / Assumptions: “If” → condition (conditional clause marker). “But” introduces contrast/opposition to what precedes. We must pick the closest function label among the given options. Concept / Approach: Among the choices, “Contradiction” best captures the adversative/contrastive role of “but.” “Negation” is specifically logical denial (no/not), which “but” does not inherently perform; “supplement” suggests addition (“and”); “disapproval” is a sentiment, not a discourse role. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify each conjunction’s discourse function.2) Map “but” to adversative contrast (contradiction to expectation).3) Choose “Contradiction.” Verification / Alternative check: Grammar references describe “but” as adversative, marking contrast; “contradiction/contrast” is an acceptable functional gloss in reasoning questions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Negation: Logical denial; not the function of “but.” Supplement: Suggests addition (“and”), not contrast. Disapproval: A sentiment, not a grammatical function. Common Pitfalls: Equating discourse contrast with logical negation; they are distinct. Final Answer: Contradiction

Question 6

Paddy is cultivated in a field (place of growth). In the same relational sense, steel is produced in which place?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Analogy questions ask you to preserve a relationship while shifting domains. Here, “paddy → field” encodes a place-of-production/growth relation. Paddy (rice crop) is grown in a field. We must map “steel → ?” by keeping the same relation. The correct target is the place where steel is produced at scale. Given Data / Assumptions: Paddy is an agricultural product grown in fields. Steel is an industrial material produced by processing iron ore with specific methods. The query focuses on place-of-production, not raw inputs or end uses. Concept / Approach: Identify the relation type (item → typical place of production). Replace the agricultural domain with the industrial one. For steel, the standard place is a factory/steel plant/steel mill. Options mentioning inputs (ore, iron) or upstream sites (mine) do not match the required “place” relation. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Parse the stem: paddy is grown in a field → item-to-place relation. 2) Transfer to steel: where is steel made? → factory/steel mill. 3) Select the option that names the place, not a material or input. Verification / Alternative check: Steel-making (e.g., basic oxygen furnace, electric arc furnace) happens in industrial factories/mills. A mine yields ore, not finished steel. Iron is an element/raw material, not a place. Warehouses store goods; they are not production sites. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Mine / Ore: Upstream extraction/input, not the production site of steel. Iron: Material, not a location. Warehouse: Storage, not manufacturing. Common Pitfalls: Confusing raw-material sources with manufacturing locations. The analogy preserves “place”, not “ingredient”. Final Answer: Factory

Question 7

A doctor performs a diagnosis (professional act). In the same way, a judge performs which professional act?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This item tests role-to-action mapping across professions. A doctor’s recognized professional act is diagnosis. Analogously, we need the specific act associated with a judge. Among the choices, “judgement” (also spelled “judgment”) precisely names the decision a judge delivers after evaluating a case. Given Data / Assumptions: Doctor → diagnosis (identifying illness/condition). Judge → judgement (authoritative decision in a case). We prefer the professional act, not the workplace or a generic outcome. Concept / Approach: Preserve “profession → signature act”. Court is the judge’s workplace; punishment can be a consequence but is not the judicial act itself; lawyers are different professionals. “Judgement” best mirrors “diagnosis” as a core, named act of the role. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Extract pattern: professional title → quintessential act. 2) Map judge → judgement (decision-writing/announcement). 3) Eliminate place/person/consequence distractors. Verification / Alternative check: Judicial processes culminate in a judgement/verdict. The term is formal and definitive, just as “diagnosis” is in medicine. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Court: place; Punishment: sanction/consequence; Lawyer: another role; Verdict: close in meaning but “judgement” is the broader formal act encompassing the court’s decision. Common Pitfalls: Picking “court” due to association with judges but breaking the act-mapping pattern. Final Answer: Judgement

Question 8

Immigration refers to arrival into a country. In the same sense, emigration refers to which action?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Here the relationship is definitional antonymy across paired terms in migration. “Immigration” emphasizes coming in to settle; “emigration” emphasizes going out to settle elsewhere. Therefore the parallel to “arrival” is “leaving” (or “departure”). Given Data / Assumptions: We treat “immigration” and “emigration” from the perspective of a reference country. Concept / Approach: Maintain the directional contrast. If immigration ↔ arrival, then emigration ↔ leaving/departure. Choices naming people (emigrant, alien) or status (citizenship) do not mirror the action term that matches “arrival”. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify direction: immigration = in, emigration = out. 2) Replace “arrival” with the opposite directional action → “leaving”. 3) Select the exact action term among options. Verification / Alternative check: Migration glossaries list “immigrate = enter” and “emigrate = exit”. Hence “leaving” matches emigration. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Emigrant/Alien: persons, not the action; Native: birthplace status; Citizenship: legal status. Common Pitfalls: Confusing actor labels with the directional action itself. Final Answer: Leaving

Question 9

A vehicle moving in a group forms a caravan (collection). By the same group-relation, a player belongs to which collective?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Applying the Recovery-First policy, the stem evidently intends a collection relation: “vehicle → caravan (group/collective)”. The natural parallel is “player → team (group/collective)”. The original word “Prayer” appears to be a typo for “Player”; correcting it preserves solvability without altering core meaning. Given Data / Assumptions: A caravan is a collection or convoy, i.e., many vehicles/units moving together. A team is a collection of players competing together. We aim to keep the “member → collective” mapping. Concept / Approach: Use category theory: member → group. Vehicle is to caravan as player is to team. Alternatives like “coach” or “captain” are member roles, not the collective. “Field” is a venue, not a group. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation: unit → collection. 2) Map to sports: player → team. 3) Eliminate role/venue distractors. Verification / Alternative check: In standard collective nouns, caravan (vehicles/people) and team (players) are parallel structures. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Coach/Captain: individuals, not collectives; Field: location; League: a higher-order collection of teams, not the immediate group of a player. Common Pitfalls: Mistaking a role (coach, captain) for the collective (team). Final Answer: Team

Question 10

A win occurs within a competition (event context). By the same relation, an invention typically occurs in which context/place?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The analogy aligns an achievement with its usual context. Winning is an outcome that happens in a competition. Invention is an outcome that typically happens in a laboratory/research facility (the place/process context for creating something novel). We therefore select the option naming that context. Given Data / Assumptions: We focus on typical institutional setting, not legal or commercial follow-ons. Concept / Approach: Maintain “event/outcome → venue/process context”. “Laboratory” best parallels “competition” as the situational context where inventions arise. “Product” is an artifact, not a place; “patent” is legal protection afterward; “discovery” is a different kind of finding; “trail” is likely a misspelling of “trial” and still not a place. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Parse the stem: win ↔ competition. 2) Map invention ↔ laboratory (R&D environment). 3) Eliminate non-place distractors. Verification / Alternative check: In practice, inventions can occur outside labs, but exams use the prototypical setting. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Product/Patent: results/rights, not contexts; Discovery: not necessarily tied to invention; Trail/Trial: process label, not the prototypical place. Common Pitfalls: Confusing outcomes (product/patent) with the setting (laboratory). Final Answer: Laboratory

Question 11

A sapling is a young tree (age/young-one relation). By the same relation, a young horse is called what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a classic young-one analogy. “Tree → sapling” encodes the juvenile stage of the organism. We must supply the standard juvenile term for a horse. The correct zoological label is “foal”. Given Data / Assumptions: We use common English terms for young animals and standard breed/sex distinctions only when needed. Concept / Approach: Preserve “species → juvenile term”. “Foal” is the young of a horse (male foal = colt; female foal = filly). Avoid confusing size/breed (pony) or hybrids (mule) with age terms; “cub” belongs to felids/ursids; “stag” is an adult male deer. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation: organism → juvenile stage. 2) Recall equine terms: foal (young), colt/filly (sexed young). 3) Choose “Foal”. Verification / Alternative check: Dictionaries and basic zoology lists confirm “foal” as the generic young horse. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Pony: small breed/adult possible; Mule: hybrid of horse and donkey; Cub: wrong taxon; Stag: adult deer. Common Pitfalls: Equating “pony” with “young horse”; it is not primarily an age term. Final Answer: Foal

Question 12

Court is the workplace/context for a lawyer. By the same workplace relation, which word pairs with “hospital” for a similar professional?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Applying the Recovery-First policy, the given stem used “Taciturn”, which breaks the place–professional relation shown by “court → lawyer”. Repairing the stem to “hospital → ?” preserves solvability without altering intent: both pairs should be workplace → professional. The correct counterpart of “hospital” is “doctor”. Given Data / Assumptions: We map a professional to their primary institutional workplace. Concept / Approach: Keep the relation type consistent. Just as a lawyer is associated with a court, a doctor is associated with a hospital. “Patient” is a service recipient; “medicine” is an object; “nurse” is a different professional; “ambulance” is a vehicle, not a workplace. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation in first pair: workplace → professional. 2) Apply same to medical domain: hospital → doctor. 3) Exclude actors/objects not matching the professional role. Verification / Alternative check: Standard GK analogies frequently pair court–lawyer and hospital–doctor. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Patient: beneficiary, not professional; Medicine: thing; Nurse: professional but not the canonical mapping; Ambulance: vehicle. Common Pitfalls: Selecting “nurse” due to medical context while missing the exact parallel to “lawyer”. Final Answer: Doctor

Question 13

A factory produces output (production). In the same way, a school primarily produces which outcome?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This preserves an institution-to-primary-output relation. A factory’s fundamental purpose is production. By analogy, a school’s fundamental purpose is education (imparting knowledge/skills). Given Data / Assumptions: We seek the canonical output, not incidental features or staff roles. Concept / Approach: Choose the purpose-driven output. Discipline can be a by-product; building is infrastructure; teachers are staff; “education” is the outcome delivered to students, mirroring “production”. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify institution → core output pattern. 2) Map school → education. 3) Eliminate infrastructure/role distractors. Verification / Alternative check: Mission statements and curricula confirm education as the primary output. Why Other Options Are Wrong: They are means or attributes, not the outcome. Common Pitfalls: Overvaluing “discipline” due to cultural emphasis while missing the output pattern. Final Answer: Education

Question 14

A thermometer measures temperature (measurand). By the same instrument-to-measurand relation, a hygrometer measures what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The mapping is instrument → quantity measured. As thermometer → temperature, so hygrometer → humidity (moisture content of air). This is a direct scientific vocabulary test. Given Data / Assumptions: We use standard instrument–measurand pairs. Concept / Approach: Recall common meteorological instruments: hygrometer measures relative humidity/absolute humidity/dew point via related devices; barometer measures pressure; densitometer measures density; “strains” relate to strain gauges, not hygrometers. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation: instrument → measurand. 2) Map hygrometer → humidity. 3) Exclude other physical quantities. Verification / Alternative check: Weather stations include hygrometers for humidity tracking. Why Other Options Are Wrong: They are measured by different instruments or are unrelated. Common Pitfalls: Confusing hygrometer with hydrometer (liquid density) — note the spelling difference. Final Answer: Humidity

Question 15

Apply settlement-hierarchy logic: A hamlet is to a village as a metropolis is to what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Using Recovery-First, the original “Heart : Village” is incoherent for settlement hierarchy. Correcting to “Hamlet : Village” restores a standard scale relation: hamlet < village < town < city < metropolis. Therefore, metropolis corresponds to city, mirroring the same category (human settlements) at a higher scale. Given Data / Assumptions: We compare settlement types by size/complexity in common geography usage. Concept / Approach: Preserve type-within/higher-level mapping inside the same domain. “City” is the proper counterpart to “metropolis” as a superlative or very large city; both are settlement types. “Urban” is an adjective; “district” is an administrative unit; “place” is too generic; “capital” is a political role, not size class. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Repair stem to standard settlement terms. 2) Align pairs within the settlement taxonomy. 3) Select “City”. Verification / Alternative check: Metropolis literally means a very large or chief city; pairing with “city” is taxonomically consistent. Why Other Options Are Wrong: They do not represent the required settlement-type counterpart. Common Pitfalls: Choosing “urban” due to association, but breaking noun–noun type matching. Final Answer: City

Question 16

The heart works with/pumps blood. By the same substance-function link, the lungs work with which substance?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: We preserve the “organ ↔ characteristic substance” relation. The heart pumps blood; the lungs exchange gases, chiefly taking in oxygen for the body. Thus, the most specific parallel to “blood” is “oxygen”, the key substance handled by lungs during respiration. Given Data / Assumptions: We choose the specific substance analogous to blood. Concept / Approach: While “air” is inhaled, the functional target substance of lung exchange is oxygen (with carbon dioxide expelled). “Respiration” is a process, not a substance; “chest” is a location. Therefore “oxygen” mirrors the level of specificity of “blood”. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation: organ ↔ key handled substance. 2) Lungs ↔ oxygen (intake for gas exchange). 3) Eliminate place/process options. Verification / Alternative check: Physiology texts describe alveolar gas exchange: O2 in, CO2 out. Selecting O2 keeps parity with the “blood” specificity. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Air: mixture, less specific; Respiration: process; Chest: location; Carbon dioxide: primarily expelled rather than taken up. Common Pitfalls: Picking “air” due to familiarity rather than the precise substance analogue. Final Answer: Oxygen

Question 17

Back relates to backbone (characteristic part/structure). By the same relation, belly characteristically relates to which part?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Maintain a named body region and a characteristic part. The “backbone” (vertebral column) is closely associated with the back region. For the belly (abdomen), the characteristic named point is the “navel” (belly button/umbilicus). Hence the analogous mapping is belly → navel. Given Data / Assumptions: We choose a salient, named feature of the region. Concept / Approach: Select the most canonical landmark associated with “belly”. Heart and throat are different regions; ribs are lateral/thoracic structures; the diaphragm is internal and not the typical surface landmark of the belly. The navel is the defining belly landmark in common parlance and anatomy orientation. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify region → characteristic landmark relation. 2) Map belly → navel. 3) Exclude mismatched regions/structures. Verification / Alternative check: Anatomical reference points frequently list the navel for abdomen. Why Other Options Are Wrong: They do not act as the canonical belly landmark. Common Pitfalls: Choosing a nearby but non-characteristic part (e.g., ribs). Final Answer: Navel

Question 18

Sympathy is considered a virtue (positive moral quality). By contrast, cruelty is considered what kind of moral quality?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a moral classification analogy. Sympathy is widely regarded as a virtue (positive trait). The morally opposite classification for cruelty is a vice (negative trait). We must keep the “trait → moral class” relation while switching polarity. Given Data / Assumptions: Philosophical/ethical vocabulary is used in the everyday sense of good traits (virtues) and bad traits (vices). Concept / Approach: Preserve category mapping. “Kindness/compassion” are specific virtues, not a class label; “emotion” is a psychological category; “animosity” is an attitude, not the moral class itself. “Vice” is the precise negative class counterpart to “virtue”. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation: trait → moral class. 2) Switch polarity: cruelty → vice. 3) Exclude non-class labels and specific traits. Verification / Alternative check: Ethics texts and dictionaries align cruelty with vice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: They are not the contrasting class label required by the analogy. Common Pitfalls: Picking a synonym like “animosity” instead of the category “vice”. Final Answer: Vice

Question 19

A dream contrasts with reality (false vs real). By the same opposition, falsehood contrasts with which term?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This item relies on antonymic or contrarian pairing. “Dream ↔ reality” encodes appearance/fiction vs actuality. Similarly, “falsehood” opposes “truth”. The task is to keep the opposition relation intact. Given Data / Assumptions: We use everyday semantic opposites, not technical nuances. Concept / Approach: Choose the direct, canonical opposite. “Untruth” is a near-synonym of falsehood, not its opposite. “Correctness/fairness/evidence” are related but do not directly oppose falsehood in the same binary way that “truth” does. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Extract the binary opposition from the first pair. 2) Apply to the second: falsehood ↔ truth. 3) Reject near-synonyms or loosely related terms. Verification / Alternative check: Dictionary antonyms list truth as the opposite of falsehood. Why Other Options Are Wrong: They fail to provide the clean binary opposite required by the analogy. Common Pitfalls: Choosing “untruth” due to surface similarity while missing the oppositional structure. Final Answer: Truth

Question 20

Water (H2O) contains oxygen as a constituent. By the same chemical-constituent logic, common salt contains which element?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy maps a compound to a characteristic element within it. Water (H2O) contains oxygen; common salt (table salt) is sodium chloride (NaCl) and contains sodium. We must retain the “substance → constituent element” relation. Given Data / Assumptions: We use everyday chemical names: water, salt (table salt), and their typical compositions. Concept / Approach: Identify the standard formula: NaCl. From salt → sodium chloride, extract the element “sodium” as the target. Avoid non-elements or biologically oriented distractors like proteins. Iron/calcium/sulfur appear in other compounds but not in NaCl as primary elements. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Recognize H2O contains oxygen (and hydrogen). 2) Recognize NaCl contains sodium (and chlorine). 3) Select “Sodium”. Verification / Alternative check: Basic chemistry confirms NaCl composition. Why Other Options Are Wrong: They are not constituents of table salt or are not elements in this context. Common Pitfalls: Overthinking ionic vs covalent distinctions; the exam expects the everyday formula mapping. Final Answer: Sodium

Analogy Questions