Question 1

Analogy — A “Book” can be “Opened”; in the same sense, a “Door” can be ____. (Select the corresponding action.)

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Action analogies map an object to a common action done to it. A book is opened; a door is commonly opened or closed. Since “open” is already in the prompt, the complementary action “close” forms a balanced, conventional pair. Given Data / Assumptions: We match object → typical action. Focus is on standard, concise verb pairing. Concept / Approach: Choose the canonical action forming a familiar opposite pair to “open”: “close.” Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Book → open (typical action).2) Door → close (balances the pair).3) Evaluate lexical fit and part-of-speech correctness. Verification / Alternative check: Everyday usage pairs “open/close” for doors; “shut” is also acceptable but “close” keeps verbal symmetry. Why Other Options Are Wrong: House/Wood: nouns, not actions.Shut: near-synonym but less standard register in such pairs.Lock: specific action after closing; not the basic counterpart to “open.” Common Pitfalls: Picking nouns or over-specific actions (lock) rather than the direct pair. Final Answer: Close

Question 2

Analogy — “Usual” is synonymous with “Common”; similarly, “Light” is most closely synonymous with ____. (Choose the best synonym.)

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Synonym analogy. The first pair, “Usual : Common,” shows equivalence. We seek a near-synonym for “Light” in the sense of illumination/brightness. Given Data / Assumptions: “Light” here refers to luminosity, not weight. We keep part-of-speech and sense alignment. Concept / Approach: In illumination sense, “Light” aligns with “Bright.” Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Confirm intended sense: luminous vs heavy/light ambiguity.2) Pick “Bright.”3) Exclude antonyms or nouns/verbs. Verification / Alternative check: Common collocations: bright light, bright room. “Dark/Black” are antonyms; “Glow” is a verb/noun; “Dim” is partial opposite. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Black/Dark: opposites.Glow: different part of speech/meaning.Dim: low light, not synonym. Common Pitfalls: Sense confusion between “light” (weight) vs “light” (illumination). Context indicates illumination. Final Answer: Bright

Question 3

Analogy — “Pardon” contrasts with “Penalty”; in similar fashion, “Definitely” contrasts best with ____. (Select the best contrary in degree of certainty.)

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The first pair shows contrast: to pardon is to remove or cancel a penalty. We therefore seek a word that stands in practical opposition to “Definitely,” i.e., one that weakens certainty. “Probably” signals likelihood, not certainty, forming a contrast in degree of assurance. Given Data / Assumptions: Analogies often use graded contrasts when exact antonyms are rare. “Definitely” denotes 100% certainty; “Probably” indicates high but not full certainty. Concept / Approach: Choose the response that best reduces certainty while staying semantically related to assertions. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify contrast type: absolute vs partial certainty.2) Map: Definitely (absolute) ↔ Probably (partial).3) Discard synonyms or unrelated adverbs. Verification / Alternative check: “Positively” is near-synonym; “Actually” states fact; “Urgently” concerns time, not certainty; “Perhaps” is weaker than “Probably” but remains in the same family—however, “probably” is the standard graded contrast. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Actually/Positively: synonyms of certainty.Urgently: unrelated category.Perhaps: possible alternative, but “probably” is the conventional graded counter to “definitely.” Common Pitfalls: Confusing exact antonyms with graded contrasts; in analogy sets, graded contrast is common and acceptable. Final Answer: Probably

Question 4

Analogy — “Uneasy” contrasts with “Quiet”; in the same way, “Fit” contrasts with ____. (Select the antonym.)

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The prompt pairs “Uneasy” with its contrasting state “Quiet” (calm). We must similarly oppose “Fit,” the state of being suitable or healthy, with its direct antonym “Unfit.” Given Data / Assumptions: We follow antonymic contrast. “Fit” is read as suitable/appropriate (also compatible with healthy). Concept / Approach: Choose the clear and direct antonym: “Unfit.” Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation: adjective vs contrary state.2) Map Fit ↔ Unfit.3) Eliminate synonyms of suitable. Verification / Alternative check: Common English usage lists fit/unfit as standard opposites in suitability and health contexts. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Proper/Suitable/Pertinent/Able: all align with suitability or capability, not the opposite. Common Pitfalls: Choosing a near-synonym because it “sounds positive,” rather than the opposite term. Final Answer: Unfit

Question 5

Analogy — A “Trap” catches using a “Net”; similarly, “Trade” aims at earning a ____. (Select the typical result.)

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy links an activity to its typical means/result. A trap achieves capture by using a net (means). For “Trade,” the salient association is the expected result—“Profit.” Given Data / Assumptions: Trapping → Net (tool). Trading → Profit (result/goal). Concept / Approach: Although the first pair is tool-oriented, many standard sets pair trade with profit as the characteristic outcome, which is the most informative and conventional mapping provided the options focus on results rather than tools. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify a salient, defining association for trade.2) Choose “Profit.”3) Evaluate distractors for category mismatches. Verification / Alternative check: Business fundamentals: trade is conducted to realize profit; “revenue” and “money” are related but less precise as the target outcome. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Earning/Money/Revenue: generic or intermediate financial notions; “profit” is the accepted goal metric.Pursuit: abstract activity, not a result. Common Pitfalls: Confusing general financial terms with the specific objective of trade (profit). Final Answer: Profit

Question 6

'Cow' is related to 'Herbivorous' (an animal classified by what it eats) in the same way as 'Tiger' should be related to which dietary class?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Analogy questions compare two pairs to test whether you can recognize the underlying relationship and apply it consistently. Here, the first pair 'Cow : Herbivorous' expresses a classification by diet. We must choose the dietary class that correctly categorizes a tiger. Given Data / Assumptions: Pair 1 establishes the rule: animal → diet type. Cows eat plants; they are herbivores. Tigers are large cats known as apex predators. Answer options list diet categories or distractors. Concept / Approach: The correct analogy keeps the same relation: subject (animal) mapped to its true dietary classification. We should neither switch the relation (e.g., to habitat) nor choose a label that does not actually apply. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation in the stem: animal → diet class.2) Validate first mapping: Cow → Herbivorous (plants only).3) Apply to 'Tiger': Tigers primarily hunt animals.4) Dietary class for tiger = meat-eating.5) Among options, 'Carnivorous' precisely means meat-eating. Verification / Alternative check: Cross-check knowledge: Tigers lack adaptations for digesting plant matter as a primary food; their dentition and predatory behavior confirm a carnivorous diet. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Omnivorous: Eats both plants and animals (e.g., bears, humans) — not accurate for tigers. Herbivorous: Plant-eating only — contradicts tiger biology. Multivorous: Non-standard/undefined category — distractor. None of these: Incorrect because a correct label exists. Common Pitfalls: Confusing 'omnivore' with 'carnivore' or thinking all big mammals eat plants. Stick to precise biological classifications. Final Answer: Carnivorous

Question 7

'Sink' is related to 'Float' (as antonyms) in the same way as 'Destroy' is related to which contrasting action?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy relies on antonyms: 'sink' versus 'float' are opposite actions in water or fluids. We must choose a word that stands in the same opposite relationship to 'destroy' as 'float' does to 'sink'. Given Data / Assumptions: Sink ↔ Float are direct opposites. We need the opposite of 'destroy'. Options include nouns and verbs; the correct answer must be a verb that meaningfully opposes 'destroy'. Concept / Approach: Maintain relational parity: if A is the opposite of B, then the second pair must match that same antonymic relation. 'Destroy' means ruin or demolish; its opposite is to bring into existence or build. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify first pair relation: antonyms (sink vs float).2) Determine antonym of 'destroy': to make/build/produce.3) Map to best single-word option: 'Create'. Verification / Alternative check: Dictionary sense check: destroy = put an end to; create = bring into existence. Perfect antonymic mapping. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Enemy: Noun; not an opposite action to 'destroy'. Demolish: Synonym of 'destroy', not opposite. Alive: Adjective; mismatched part of speech and relation. None of these: Incorrect because 'Create' fits exactly. Common Pitfalls: Choosing a near-synonym ('demolish') or ignoring parts of speech. Keep the antonym pattern consistent. Final Answer: Create

Question 8

'Gram' is related to 'Mass' (the physical quantity it measures) in the same way as 'Centimetre' is related to which physical quantity?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Measurement analogies map a unit to the physical quantity it measures. 'Gram' measures mass. We must identify the physical quantity measured by 'centimetre'. Given Data / Assumptions: Gram is a unit in the metric system. Centimetre is also a metric unit. Each option names a distinct physical quantity or concept. Concept / Approach: Apply consistent mapping: unit → measured quantity. Gram → mass; therefore, centimetre should map to the linear measure it represents. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Confirm first mapping: Gram → Mass (SI-derived).2) Identify what a centimetre measures: one hundredth of a metre, a linear dimension.3) Therefore, Centimetre → Length. Verification / Alternative check: Cross-reference: In SI, metre is the base unit of length; centimetre is 10^-2 metre. Hence, it measures length. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Area: Measured in square units (e.g., cm^2, m^2), not centimetre alone. Volume: Measured in cubic units or litres; centimetre alone is not volume. Sound: A phenomenon; not a physical quantity directly measured by centimetre. None of these: Incorrect because 'Length' is correct. Common Pitfalls: Confusing 'cm' with 'cm^2' or 'cm^3'. Watch the exponent: plain centimetre is length. Final Answer: Length

Question 9

A 'Square' (a 2D figure) is related to 'Cube' (its 3D counterpart) in the same way as a 'Circle' is related to which 3D counterpart?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy connects a two-dimensional shape to its three-dimensional solid. A square (2D) corresponds to a cube (3D) through the idea of extending the figure into space. We must apply the same 2D → 3D relationship to a circle. Given Data / Assumptions: Square is a plane figure; cube is a solid. Circle is a plane figure. We need the 3D solid naturally associated with a circle. Concept / Approach: When a circle is extended uniformly in three dimensions (by revolution about a diameter), the resulting solid is a sphere. The mapping preserves the idea of 'shape to corresponding solid'. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Recognize relation: 2D plane figure → 3D solid.2) Square corresponds to cube; seek circle's 3D analog.3) Circle revolved about a diameter produces a sphere.4) Therefore, circle → sphere. Verification / Alternative check: Geometric solids of revolution: circle about its diameter gives sphere; about an axis coincident with its diameter also yields sphere, confirming the mapping. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Circumference: A property/measurement of a circle, not a 3D solid. Diameter: A linear measure across a circle; not a 3D object. Area: A measure of extent in 2D; not a solid. None of these: Incorrect because 'Sphere' fits perfectly. Common Pitfalls: Choosing a property (circumference/diameter) rather than the correct 3D analog. Keep the dimension shift consistent. Final Answer: Sphere

Question 10

'Iron' is correctly related to the state 'Solid'; in the same classification by states of matter, 'Mercury' should be related to which state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy classifies substances by their common state under standard conditions. Iron is ordinarily a solid, so we must select the normal state of mercury at room temperature and pressure. Given Data / Assumptions: Iron at room temperature is a solid metal. Mercury is a metallic element with unusual state behavior. We assume standard laboratory conditions (around 25°C, 1 atm). Concept / Approach: Maintain identical relation: substance → typical physical state at room temperature. The choice should reflect common scientific knowledge rather than extreme conditions. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Confirm first mapping: Iron → Solid (true at room temperature).2) Identify mercury's typical state at room temperature.3) Mercury is the only common metal that is liquid at room temperature.4) Therefore, Mercury → Liquid. Verification / Alternative check: Reference property tables list mercury's melting point around -38.83°C, well below room temperature, confirming its liquid state in ordinary conditions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Solid: Not true at room temperature for mercury. Gas/Vapour: Mercury vaporizes at much higher temperatures; not its standard state. None of these: Incorrect because 'Liquid' is correct. Common Pitfalls: Assuming all metals are solid at room temperature. Mercury is an important exception. Final Answer: Liquid

Question 11

'Mirror' is related to 'Reflection' (optical effect) in the same way as 'Water' is related to which optical phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Optics analogies connect materials to the characteristic optical phenomena they commonly produce. Mirrors are associated with reflection. We must select the phenomenon typically associated with light entering water. Given Data / Assumptions: Mirror → Reflection is the baseline relation. Light passing from air into water changes speed and direction. Options list physical processes; only one matches the optical effect in water. Concept / Approach: When light passes between media of different optical densities, its path bends. That bending is called refraction, a hallmark of transparent media like water and glass. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation: material → characteristic optical effect.2) Mirror → Reflection (bouncing of light).3) Water → when light enters, it bends due to change in speed.4) Bending of light in a new medium = Refraction. Verification / Alternative check: Everyday evidence: a straw in water appears bent; lenses (made of glass, similar behavior) focus light via refraction. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Conduction: Heat/electric transfer process, not optical. Disperson: Misspelled distractor for 'dispersion'; even then, dispersion is spectrum spreading, not the general effect. Immersion: An action, not an optical phenomenon. None of these: Incorrect because 'Refraction' is correct. Common Pitfalls: Confusing reflection, refraction, and dispersion. Reflection is bouncing; refraction is bending; dispersion is splitting by wavelength in prisms. Final Answer: Refraction

Question 12

'Dream' contrasts with 'Reality' in the same way as 'Falsehood' contrasts with which concept?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Some analogies are built on conceptual opposites or contrasts. 'Dream' (imagined) contrasts with 'reality' (actual). We must find the term that stands in clear conceptual opposition to 'falsehood'. Given Data / Assumptions: Dream vs reality shows imagined vs real. Falsehood denotes lack of truth; an untrue statement. Options include related but not identical concepts. Concept / Approach: Maintain the same polarity of opposition: non-actual vs actual; untrue vs true. Therefore, the pair should be 'Falsehood : Truth'. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Recognize contrast in first pair: imagined vs actual.2) Identify precise opposite of 'falsehood': truth.3) Select the option that exactly names that opposite. Verification / Alternative check: Definitions: falsehood = untrue statement; truth = accordance with fact or reality. The contrast mirrors the dream–reality structure. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Correctness: Related to accuracy but broader; not the direct opposite term. Fairness: Moral/equity notion; unrelated to truth value. Untruth: Synonym of falsehood, not opposite. None of these: Incorrect because 'Truth' is exact. Common Pitfalls: Accepting loose related terms (correctness) instead of the precise antonym (truth). Precision matters in analogy mapping. Final Answer: Truth

Question 13

'Face' is related to 'Expression' (a typical action/outcome) in the same way as 'Hand' is related to which typical action/outcome?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Here the relation ties a body part to a typical outward sign or action associated with it. A face commonly conveys an expression. We must find the analogous typical manifestation for 'hand'. Given Data / Assumptions: Face → expression (smile, frown, etc.). Hands communicate through movements. Options include several hand-related actions. Concept / Approach: Seek the general, category-level correlate: not a single specific act, but the broader communicative function comparable to 'expression'. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify category for the first pair: body part → general manifestation.2) For hands, the general communicative manifestation is 'gesture'.3) Choose 'Gesture' over specific acts like 'handshake' or 'pointing'. Verification / Alternative check: Nonverbal communication theory classifies hand movements as gestures, analogous to facial expressions for the face. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Work: Too broad/functional; not primarily communicative. Handshake: A specific act, not a general manifestation. Pointing: Specific act; too narrow. None of these: Incorrect because 'Gesture' fits best. Common Pitfalls: Choosing a specific instance instead of the general category parallel to 'expression'. Final Answer: Gesture

Question 14

'Wine' is produced from 'Grapes' (source ingredient) in the same way as 'Vodka' is produced from which primary source ingredient?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy maps a beverage to its typical source ingredient. Wine is traditionally produced by fermenting grapes. We must choose the primary raw ingredient commonly associated with vodka production. Given Data / Assumptions: Wine → Grapes (fermentation of grape sugars). Vodka can be distilled from starch or sugar sources. Common traditional base in many regions for vodka is potato (also grains in some variants). Concept / Approach: We seek the most widely recognized, canonical source ingredient associated with the beverage in general knowledge contexts. 'Potatoes' is the textbook pair for vodka. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Confirm first mapping: Wine → Grapes.2) Recall vodka bases: potatoes and grains are common; potato-vodka is iconic.3) Select 'Potatoes' as the best-known source ingredient mapping. Verification / Alternative check: General-knowledge sources commonly cite potatoes as a classic base; while grains are also used, 'potatoes' is the most recognizable association for analogy tests. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Apples/Oranges: Used for ciders or fruit spirits, not the standard vodka base. Flour: Processed grain product; not itself the fermentable base as used traditionally. None of these: Incorrect because 'Potatoes' is acceptable and canonical. Common Pitfalls: Overthinking the multiple possible bases; choose the most conventional, widely taught association. Final Answer: Potatoes

Question 15

'Golf' is related to 'Holes' (the units of play/structure in a round) in the same way as 'Baseball' is related to which standard units of play?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Sports analogies often map a sport to its canonical unit of play. In golf, a course is composed of holes, and players complete a certain number of holes per round. We must identify the equivalent unit for baseball. Given Data / Assumptions: Golf → holes (18 holes in a standard round). Baseball games are partitioned into innings. Other options refer to scoring outcomes or other sports. Concept / Approach: Maintain the relation: sport → structural unit of time/play within a regulation match. Baseball uses innings to divide game time and alternate offense/defense. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify the structural unit for golf: holes.2) Identify the structural unit for baseball: innings (nine regulation innings in professional play).3) Select 'Innings' to preserve the mapping. Verification / Alternative check: Rules of baseball define a game as nine innings (with extra innings if tied). This mirrors how golf defines a round by holes (e.g., front nine/back nine). Why Other Options Are Wrong: Goal: Associated with soccer/hockey; not baseball. Points: A scoring measure, not the structural unit of play. Serve: Associated with tennis/badminton/volleyball. None of these: Incorrect because 'Innings' is correct. Common Pitfalls: Confusing scoring terms with the structural division of a game. Stick to the unit of play. Final Answer: Innings

Question 16

'England' is associated with the 'Atlantic Ocean' (adjacent surrounding ocean); in the same geographical sense, 'Greenland' is primarily associated with which ocean?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Analogy items in geography often map a place (country, island, or region) to a characteristic water body, range, or feature associated with it. The stem pairs 'England' with the 'Atlantic Ocean' because England lies along the eastern side of the North Atlantic via the broader maritime region surrounding the British Isles. We must extend the same place → adjacent ocean relationship to 'Greenland'. Given Data / Assumptions: England is bordered by seas that are part of the Atlantic system (e.g., North Sea to the east connects to the Atlantic). Greenland is a very large island lying at high northern latitudes. The required relation is 'place → associated ocean' under standard geographical conventions. Concept / Approach: Follow the consistent mapping from the example: identify the principal oceanic body adjacent to the second place. While multiple seas may touch a coastline, we favor the primary ocean designation used in atlases and school geography. Greenland lies mostly within the Arctic region, with its northern and much of its surrounding waters categorized as the Arctic Ocean (alongside adjacent seas like Baffin Bay and Greenland Sea connecting to the Atlantic). Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Confirm pattern: place → primary surrounding ocean.2) England → Atlantic Ocean (via adjoining seas of the Atlantic basin).3) Locate Greenland: high north; significant coastline opens onto Arctic waters.4) The principal ocean for Greenland is the Arctic Ocean. Verification / Alternative check: Standard maps show Greenland bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north and northeast and the Atlantic system to the southeast via the Greenland Sea. In such analogies, the dominant association for Greenland is the Arctic Ocean, matching the expected high-latitude mapping. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Pacific Ocean: Lies far to the west across North America; not adjacent to Greenland. Atlantic Ocean: While connected through nearby seas, the canonical high-latitude association for Greenland is Arctic Ocean. Antarctica Ocean: Not a standard name in this option set (and is the Southern Ocean); unrelated to Greenland. None of these: Incorrect because 'Arctic Ocean' is correct. Common Pitfalls: Confusing nearby seas that connect to multiple oceans. Always choose the principal oceanic category used in basic geography for the location. Final Answer: Arctic Ocean

Question 17

A 'Demographer' studies 'People' (their number, distribution, and trends); in the same classification-by-domain sense, a 'Philatelist' is concerned with which subject?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Profession-and-domain analogies map a practitioner or enthusiast to the subject they systematically study or collect. 'Demographer' connects to 'people' because demography quantifies and analyzes human populations. We now match 'Philatelist' to its proper domain. Given Data / Assumptions: Demographers study human population statistics: birth rates, death rates, migration, and age structures. Philately is a hobby and field with recognized terminology. The analogy keeps the structure 'person → subject of study/collection'. Concept / Approach: We identify the precise object of philately. The term derives from Greek roots (philo + ateles) historically linked to postage. Over time, its meaning settled as the study and collection of postage stamps and related postal history. Thus the most accurate one-word domain is 'stamps'. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Preserve mapping: practitioner/enthusiast → subject domain.2) Demographer → people (population studies).3) Philatelist → stamps (postage stamps, covers, cancellations).4) Select the option that names the domain exactly. Verification / Alternative check: Dictionaries and encyclopedias define philately as the collection and study of postage stamps and associated postal materials. Clubs, catalogs, and exhibitions all center on stamps, confirming the mapping. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Fossils: Studied by paleontologists, not philatelists. Photography: Field for photographers; not the philatelist’s focus. Music: Domain for musicians, musicologists, or aficionados. None of these: Incorrect because 'Stamps' is exactly right. Common Pitfalls: Confusing philately with numismatics (coins). Keep the terms distinct: philately → stamps; numismatics → coins and currency. Final Answer: Stamps

Question 18

The 'Eye' is used to 'see'; maintaining the exact function-to-sense mapping, the 'Ear' is used to do what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Anatomy-function analogies match a body organ to its primary sensory function. The eye enables vision (to see). We must pair the ear with the corresponding function. Maintaining part-to-function consistency is essential in such analogies. Given Data / Assumptions: Eye → see (sense of sight). Ear → associated with auditory perception. The correct choice must be a verb that captures the function, mirroring 'see'. Concept / Approach: Keep the mapping 'organ → action of sensing'. For eyes, the action is 'see'; for ears, the action is 'hear'. Other options that are nouns or unrelated senses break the grammatical and conceptual parallelism required by the analogy. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify grammatical pattern: verb describing the sensory action.2) Replace 'see' with the corresponding auditory verb.3) Ear → hear is the standard pairing.4) Choose 'Hear' from the options. Verification / Alternative check: Basic biology confirms the ear as the organ for hearing (detecting sound waves and converting them to neural signals). Dictionaries likewise define 'hear' as the sense associated with ears, preserving parity with 'see' for eyes. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Ring: A noun/verb unrelated to the organ’s sensory action in this context. Sound: Noun; the stimulus, not the action performed by the ear. Smell: Function of the nose/olfactory system, not the ear. None of these: Incorrect because 'Hear' is exactly correct. Common Pitfalls: Mixing stimulus (sound) with action (hear), or mismatching parts of speech. Always align the grammatical form and functional role. Final Answer: Hear

Question 19

'Disease' relates to its field of study 'Pathology'; by the same 'subject → scientific field' mapping, 'Planet' relates to which scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Discipline-mapping analogies connect a subject or object to the scientific field that studies it. 'Disease → Pathology' names the branch of science that investigates diseases. We must mirror this with 'Planet → ?' by picking the authentic scientific discipline that studies planets and other celestial bodies. Given Data / Assumptions: Pathology is the scientific study of diseases. Planets are astronomical objects orbiting stars. The correct choice must be a bona fide science discipline, not a pseudoscience or a single object. Concept / Approach: We keep the pairing as 'entity → legitimate field of study'. For diseases, the recognized scientific study is pathology; for planets and celestial phenomena, the recognized scientific field is astronomy (and its subfields like planetary science and astrophysics). Astrology, though historically linked etymologically, is not a scientific discipline and thereby fails the mapping requirement. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Extract relation: subject → scientific field.2) Disease → Pathology (valid scientific mapping).3) Planet → Astronomy (legitimate science of celestial bodies).4) Select 'Astronomy' among the options. Verification / Alternative check: University departments and scientific journals treat planetary studies under astronomy/planetary science. Astrology does not satisfy scientific standards of evidence and method, confirming 'Astronomy' as the accurate counterpart. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Sun: A single star, not a discipline. Satellite: A type of celestial object; not a field of study. Astrology: Pseudoscience; fails the 'subject → scientific field' requirement. None of these: Incorrect because 'Astronomy' is correct. Common Pitfalls: Confusing historically related but non-scientific terms (astrology) with actual sciences (astronomy). Always select the recognized discipline. Final Answer: Astronomy

Question 20

'Mountain' contrasts with 'Valley' (opposites in relief/landform); sustaining the same opposition pattern, 'Enemy' contrasts with which term?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Contrast-based analogies pair items that stand in clear opposition within a category. A 'mountain' is an elevated landform, while a 'valley' is a low-lying landform between hills or mountains; they are conceptual opposites in physiographic relief. We must find the direct opposite of 'enemy' in a relationship sense. Given Data / Assumptions: Mountain vs valley expresses reversed features within the same domain (topographic elevation). Enemy is a relational term describing hostility or opposition. We seek the precise antonym that mirrors the relation as tightly as 'valley' mirrors 'mountain'. Concept / Approach: Preserve both domain and polarity: choose a term that is the standard antonym in social/relational context. 'Friend' is the canonical opposite of 'enemy'—the shift from hostility to amity mirrors the shift from high relief to low relief in the first pair. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Identify relation type: strict opposites within the same domain.2) Apply to second pair: enemy → ?3) The standard antonym is friend.4) Select 'Friend' to maintain the analogy's symmetry. Verification / Alternative check: General English usage, dictionaries, and logic problems routinely present 'enemy ↔ friend' as antonyms, validating the mapping. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Cruel: An adjective describing behavior; not the antonym of the noun 'enemy'. Stranger: Neutral relational status; not opposite to 'enemy'. Country: Category mismatch; a geopolitical unit, not a relational antonym. None of these: Incorrect because 'Friend' is correct. Common Pitfalls: Selecting a vaguely positive word rather than the true antonym. The best analogies retain exact relational polarity. Final Answer: Friend

Analogy Questions