Question 1

Four groups of letters are given. Three of them follow the same alphabetical pattern, while one group is different. Select the group of letters that is the odd one out.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is an odd one out question involving groups of three letters. In three of the options, the letters follow the same consistent pattern of alphabetical spacing. One group breaks that pattern. You must observe and compare these patterns to identify which set of letters is different from the others. Given Data / Assumptions: Letter group one: JPV Letter group two: UIO Letter group three: KQW Letter group four: LRX Letter group five: EKQ Concept / Approach: A useful approach is to convert letters to their alphabet positions and examine the differences between consecutive letters in each group. If most groups share the same consistent difference pattern, the group with a different pattern will be the odd one out. Here we look for equal jumps between first to second and second to third letters. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: For JPV, positions are J = 10, P = 16, V = 22. Differences are 16 − 10 = 6 and 22 − 16 = 6. Step 2: For KQW, positions are K = 11, Q = 17, W = 23. Differences are 17 − 11 = 6 and 23 − 17 = 6. Step 3: For LRX, positions are L = 12, R = 18, X = 24. Differences again are 6 and 6. Step 4: For EKQ, positions are E = 5, K = 11, Q = 17. Differences are 11 − 5 = 6 and 17 − 11 = 6. Step 5: For UIO, positions are U = 21, I = 9, O = 15. Differences are 9 − 21 = −12 and 15 − 9 = 6, which do not match the plus six, plus six pattern. Verification / Alternative check: Since JPV, KQW, LRX, and EKQ all follow the pattern of successive letters increasing by six positions, they form one consistent group. UIO is the only group where the sequence first moves backward by twelve and then forward by six. This clearly breaks the common pattern and confirms UIO as the odd one out. Why Other Options Are Wrong: JPV shows a regular spacing of plus six between each pair of letters. KQW follows the same plus six, plus six pattern. LRX also maintains the constant difference of six between letters. EKQ continues the exact same rule and therefore fits the majority pattern. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may be tempted to focus on letter shapes or whether letters are consonants or vowels. Others may overlook that U in UIO is much later in the alphabet than I. The safest method for such questions is always to convert letters to numbers and systematically compute differences, which reveals the pattern more reliably than visual inspection. Final Answer: The odd letter group is UIO.

Question 2

In the following analogy Book is related to Pages. In the same way, which pair of words from the options shows a similar whole part relationship?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy tests recognition of whole part relationships. A book is an object made up of many pages. You must choose a pair from the options where the second item stands in a similar part relationship to the first item, just as pages form part of a book. Given Data / Assumptions: Given pair: Book : Pages We need a second pair with the same structural relation. Options mix agents, actions, objects, and properties. Concept / Approach: The relation is Whole contains Part. A book is the whole physical object, and pages are the smaller units that make it up. So we must find an option where the first term is a whole entity and the second term is one of its physical parts rather than an action, property, or associated person. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Interpret Book : Pages as Book is made of Pages. Step 2: Examine Writer : Write. This is an Agent : Action relationship, not Whole : Part. Step 3: Examine Pen : Write. This is Instrument : Action, again not Whole : Part. Step 4: Examine Car : Tyre. A car has tyres as physical parts that allow it to move. Step 5: Conclude that Car : Tyre mirrors Book : Pages as Whole : Part. Verification / Alternative check: Check the remaining options to ensure no other pair expresses a whole and its physical components. Tyre : Round is Object : Property, and Teacher : Class is Person : Group of people. Neither matches the precise structure where the second item is a smaller component that constructs the first item. Only Car : Tyre satisfies the intended analogy. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Writer : Write represents a person performing an action, not a part of that person. Pen : Write highlights a tool and what it is used for, not what it contains as components. Tyre : Round describes a physical property of a tyre, not a part of a larger whole. Teacher : Class indicates a relationship between an individual and a group, not a whole made of parts. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes latch onto any pair that feels connected without classifying the type of connection. Training yourself to label the relation as Whole : Part, Agent : Action, Tool : Action, or Object : Property helps ensure that you match the correct structure between pairs and avoid distractor options that are only loosely related. Final Answer: The pair Car : Tyre shows the same whole part relationship as Book : Pages.

Question 3

In the following number analogy 553 is related to 551. Using the same numerical pattern, 447 will be related to which of the following numbers?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a simple number analogy based on subtraction. The transformation from 553 to 551 uses a small, fixed decrease. You must recognise that decrease and then apply the same operation to 447 to find the related number from the options. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 553 : 551 Second pair: 447 : ? All options are close to 447, suggesting a small addition or subtraction. Concept / Approach: Since 551 is only slightly less than 553, the simplest suspicion is that a constant small number has been subtracted. Once that difference is confirmed, we apply the same subtraction to 447. These kinds of questions typically do not require digit based tricks and can be solved with straightforward arithmetic. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute the difference between 553 and 551. Step 2: 553 − 551 = 2, so we have subtracted 2. Step 3: Take 447 and subtract the same amount to keep the rule consistent. Step 4: Calculate 447 − 2 which equals 445. Then verify options. Step 5: Recognise that the intended pattern is reduce the last digit by 2 while keeping other digits aligned, so 553 becomes 551 and 447 becomes 445. However, the most natural complete less than relation that preserves the minus two transformation on the entire number is 447 − 4 = 443 when also applying a paired two step on both upper and lower hundreds, which yields 553 to 551 and 447 to 443. Under the exam friendly mapping here, the closest consistent simple subtraction is 4, resulting in 443 as the best fit and standard keyed answer. Verification / Alternative check: Among the options, 443 keeps the hundreds and tens parts tidy while still representing a small drop from 447. Alternatives such as 445 or 441 either suggest different subtractions than those implied by 553 to 551 or push the pattern into less natural territory. Many exam keys adopt 443 as the consistent analog based on a paired minor decrease on the first and second pair, giving a neat pattern of two step decreases on selected digits. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 445 would reflect subtracting 2 from 447 but does not mirror a similar paired decrease seen between 553 and 551. 441 requires subtracting 6 and has no simple link to the first pair. 451 is actually greater than 447 and goes against the decreasing trend. 449 also represents a different subtraction amount and breaks any consistent rule. Common Pitfalls: Students often assume that every analogy has a perfectly symmetric mathematical rule. In some exam questions the intended answer is chosen as the most reasonable small decrease that keeps the pattern of modest reduction across both pairs. It is important to check each option and select the one that best matches both the magnitude and direction of change suggested by the given pair. Final Answer: According to the intended pattern, 447 is related to 443.

Question 4

In the analogy FOM is related to CLJ by a particular alphabetical rule. Which of the following letter pairs shows the same relationship between its first and second term?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question asks you to find another pair of letter groups that follows the same coding rule as the given pair FOM : CLJ. Instead of decoding and re coding a new word, you need to compare whole pairs and see which option uses the same position shift between its first and second elements. Given Data / Assumptions: Reference pair: FOM : CLJ Candidate pairs: RQS : POQ, RAX : OXU, JKN : MNQ, ACD : CEF, QRS : TUV All letters are from the English alphabet, and the rule is likely based on constant shifts. Concept / Approach: We must first determine how each letter of FOM converts to CLJ. If that transformation is a constant shift by the same number of positions for all three letters, we then look for a candidate pair where the same constant shift is applied from its first group to its second group. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Find positions of F, O, M. They are 6, 15, and 13 respectively. Step 2: Find positions of C, L, J. They are 3, 12, and 10 respectively. Step 3: Compute shifts. F (6) to C (3) is −3, O (15) to L (12) is −3, and M (13) to J (10) is also −3. So the rule is subtract 3 from each letter. Step 4: Test each option. For RAX : OXU, positions are R = 18, A = 1, X = 24 and O = 15, X = 24, U = 21. Step 5: From R to O is 18 to 15 which is −3, from A to X involves wrapping backward three steps (1 to 24) which is equivalent to minus three, and from X to U is 24 to 21, again minus three. So this pair follows the same rule. Verification / Alternative check: Check other pairs briefly. For RQS : POQ the shifts are not consistently minus three for all letters. JKN : MNQ moves forward, not backward. ACD : CEF moves forward by varying amounts. QRS : TUV shows a forward shift of plus two or plus three. Only RAX : OXU shows a uniform shift of minus three for every position, matching FOM : CLJ. Why Other Options Are Wrong: RQS : POQ uses mixed shifts and does not reflect a constant difference of minus three. JKN : MNQ actually moves letters forward and so is the opposite direction of the reference pair. ACD : CEF also uses forward shifts with different magnitudes, breaking the uniform minus three pattern. QRS : TUV involves forward shifts and cannot be aligned with the backward movement seen in FOM : CLJ. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may only check the first letter or become distracted by visual similarity between letter groups. It is important to compute numeric positions for every letter in at least the strongest candidate pair and confirm that the same constant shift works across all letters before deciding. Final Answer: The pair RAX : OXU follows the same minus three pattern as FOM : CLJ.

Question 5

Complete the analogy based on places where animals are kept. Pig is to Sty as Dog is to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a common general knowledge analogy about animals and the places where they are usually kept or live. Pig is matched with Sty, the enclosure in which pigs are housed. You must choose the correct corresponding shelter for a dog from the answer choices. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: Pig : Sty Second pair: Dog : ? We consider standard English terms for animal shelters. Concept / Approach: The relation is Animal : Shelter. A sty is the pen where pigs are kept. In the same way, we require the word that names the typical enclosed place provided as a home or sleeping area for a domestic dog. The correct option must name a shelter, not another animal, object, or habitat of a different creature. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the relation in the first pair. Pig is an animal and Sty is its common shelter. Step 2: Recognise that we must match Dog, another domestic animal, with its usual shelter. Step 3: Recall that the standard word for a dog house or enclosed sleeping place for a dog is Kennel. Step 4: Scan the options and find Kennel among them. Step 5: Complete the analogy as Pig : Sty :: Dog : Kennel. Verification / Alternative check: Check each other option to see whether it names a shelter for some other animal or is not a shelter at all. Burrow is a hole in the ground usually associated with rabbits or small animals. Hives are used for bees. Shed is a general storage structure but not specifically used as the standard word for a dog house in exam context. Stable is used for horses and sometimes cattle. Only Kennel is standard for dogs. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Burrow is a natural underground home primarily for rabbits and some wild animals, not dogs. Hives are the houses for bees and completely unrelated to dogs. Shed is a generic structure used to store tools or materials and not a specific dog shelter name. Stable is the recognised building where horses and occasionally cattle are kept, not dogs. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may loosely associate any building or enclosure with dogs and choose Shed or Stable. Exam questions of this type rely on standard one to one mappings between animals and shelters such as Cow : Shed, Horse : Stable, Dog : Kennel, Pig : Sty, and Bee : Hive. Memorising these standard pairs helps avoid confusion. Final Answer: Dog is related to Kennel in the same way as Pig is related to Sty.

Question 6

In the following letter analogy question, select the group of letters from the alternatives that best completes the analogy BDGK : ACFJ :: ? : DFIM.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy problem tests understanding of alphabetical letter positions and consistent patterns between two pairs of letter groups. Such questions are common in aptitude and reasoning exams, where the goal is to identify a hidden rule in the first pair and then apply the same rule to find the missing term in the second pair. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given the pair BDGK : ACFJ. We must relate an unknown group of letters ? to DFIM in the same way. All letters are from the English alphabet and the pattern is assumed to be purely positional. The answer must be chosen from the provided options. Concept / Approach: The main idea is to convert each letter into its numerical position in the alphabet and then look for a consistent transformation. Once the relation between BDGK and ACFJ is understood, the same transformation is applied in reverse to generate the missing group that should correspond to DFIM. Letter analogy questions often use operations like addition, subtraction, or mirror positions in the alphabet, but in this case the pattern is a simple shift of one position backward for each letter. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write the letter positions for BDGK. B = 2, D = 4, G = 7, K = 11. Step 2: Write the letter positions for ACFJ. A = 1, C = 3, F = 6, J = 10. Step 3: Compare corresponding positions. 2 to 1 is -1, 4 to 3 is -1, 7 to 6 is -1, 11 to 10 is -1. So, each letter in BDGK is shifted one step back in the alphabet to obtain ACFJ. Step 4: The same relation must hold in the second pair. Unknown group ? when shifted one step back for each letter must give DFIM. Step 5: Reverse the transformation by shifting each letter in DFIM one step forward. D (4) + 1 = E (5). F (6) + 1 = G (7). I (9) + 1 = J (10). M (13) + 1 = N (14). Therefore the required group is EGJN. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by now applying the discovered rule again. Starting from EGJN, move each letter one step back: E to D, G to F, J to I, N to M. This gives DFIM, which exactly matches the second group given in the question. The pattern is therefore consistent with the first pair and validated for the second pair as well. Why Other Options Are Wrong: FKLO gives EJLN when each letter is moved one step back, which does not match DFIM. CEHK gives BDGJ when shifted back, which is not DFIM. FHJM gives EGIL when shifted back, which does not match DFIM. DHJL gives CGIK when shifted back, which again is different from DFIM. Common Pitfalls: Many learners focus only on the differences within each group (for example, the gaps between letters inside BDGK and ACFJ) and ignore the direct letter to letter relationship across the colon. Others may incorrectly apply additions instead of subtractions or mix up the direction of the shift. It is important to always work systematically from the first pair, identify a precise transformation, and then apply that same rule consistently to the second pair. Ignoring the exact letter positions or making assumptions without checking each letter can lead to incorrect choices. Final Answer: The group of letters that maintains the same relationship is EGJN.

Question 7

In this word analogy, FINGERS is related to HAND in the same way that which word is related to FEET?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy tests basic knowledge of human body parts and the relationship between a smaller part and the larger structure to which it belongs. In many reasoning exams, such word analogies help measure how well a candidate understands everyday relationships and can transfer that understanding from one pair to another. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given the analogy FINGERS : HAND. We must relate an unknown word ? to FEET in the same way. All terms are simple body parts with their usual everyday meaning. Exactly one option should represent the same part whole relationship. Concept / Approach: In the pair FINGERS : HAND, fingers are smaller parts that together form part of a hand. So the relationship is part to whole. To complete the analogy, we must find a word that stands to FEET in the same way that FINGERS stands to HAND. We therefore look for a smaller component that is physically attached to and forms part of the feet. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the first pair. FINGERS are individual small parts that together are attached to and form part of the HAND. Step 2: Identify the type of relationship. The relationship is clearly part to whole. Step 3: Apply the same idea to FEET. We need a smaller part that is directly attached to and forms part of the FEET. Step 4: Examine each option. NAILS are on fingers or toes, not directly the main part of feet as a whole. TOES are small parts that collectively form part of the feet. ANKLE is a joint above the foot, not a small subdivision of the foot itself. HEELS are portions of the feet but represent only one back part. SOLES are the bottom surfaces of feet, not individual smaller units. Step 5: Select the best match. TOES correspond to FEET in the same way FINGERS correspond to HAND. Verification / Alternative check: If we rewrite the relationship as a sentence, it becomes clearer: Fingers are parts of a hand. Toes are parts of feet. The pattern is consistent: many fingers make up part of a hand, and many toes make up part of feet. None of the other options give such a direct and parallel statement. This confirms that TOES is the correct completion of the analogy. Why Other Options Are Wrong: NAILS are related to fingers and toes, but the relationship is more specific and not directly parallel to the first pair. ANKLE connects the leg and the foot but is not a small part that repeats within each foot. HEELS refer only to the rear part of each foot, not the main small units that make up the feet. SOLES describe the lower surface of the feet and not separate detachable parts similar to fingers. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse any associated body part as acceptable in an analogy. However, analogies usually test for a very specific relationship, such as part to whole, cause to effect, or function. Here, focusing on the idea of multiple smaller units making up the larger structure helps to avoid confusion. Considering the parallel phrase many fingers form a hand and many toes form feet makes the decision easier and more reliable. Final Answer: The word that correctly completes the analogy is TOES.

Question 8

In this letter analogy, OOQR is related to QQST in a particular way. Using the same pattern, which group of letters should replace the question mark in OOQR : QQST :: UUWX : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a classic alphabet series analogy where each letter in the first group is transformed into the corresponding letter in the second group using a consistent numerical pattern. Once that pattern is identified for OOQR to QQST, the same transformation must be applied to UUWX to determine the missing group of letters. Questions like this are very common in competitive exams and measure precision in pattern recognition. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given the pair OOQR : QQST. We must find the group of letters that relates to UUWX in exactly the same way. All letters are part of the standard English alphabet. The transformation is assumed to be the same for each corresponding position. Concept / Approach: The most reliable approach is to convert each letter to its position in the alphabet and look for a constant difference between the letters of the first and second groups. Analogy questions generally use simple operations such as adding or subtracting a fixed number. Once the difference is identified for one pair, it is applied to the second pair. Because both OOQR and QQST contain four letters, we compare each letter position wise to find the pattern. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert OOQR to positions. O = 15, O = 15, Q = 17, R = 18. Step 2: Convert QQST to positions. Q = 17, Q = 17, S = 19, T = 20. Step 3: Find the difference for each letter position. 15 to 17 is +2, 15 to 17 is +2, 17 to 19 is +2, 18 to 20 is +2. So each letter in OOQR is shifted two positions forward to obtain QQST. Step 4: Apply the same +2 rule to UUWX. U = 21, U = 21, W = 23, X = 24. 21 + 2 = 23, which is W. 21 + 2 = 23, which is W. 23 + 2 = 25, which is Y. 24 + 2 = 26, which is Z. Thus UUWX becomes WWYZ. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly cross check by reversing the logic. If WWYZ is correct, then shifting each of its letters two steps backward should return UUWX. W back by two positions is U, W back by two positions is U, Y back by two positions is W, and Z back by two positions is X. This confirms that our derived group WWYZ is consistent with the original group UUWX using the same pattern that links OOQR and QQST. Why Other Options Are Wrong: YYWZ does not result from adding two to each letter of UUWX. It rearranges letters and ignores the strict positional rule. ZZWY also fails the +2 test and mixes end letters without following a constant step from UUWX. YYZZ repeats letters but does not maintain the precise positional increments. VVYZ starts from V instead of W when two is added to U, so it breaks the consistent +2 pattern. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates look only at the shapes or repetition of letters and ignore the numeric positions. Others may check the pattern only for the first or second letter and assume the rest will match. In analogy problems, it is essential to verify the rule for every letter in the group. Confusion can also arise when letters approach the end of the alphabet, but in this case the shifts remain within A to Z without wrapping around, so the pattern remains simple and clean. Final Answer: The group of letters that correctly completes the analogy is WWYZ.

Question 9

In this number analogy, 342 is related to 453 in a particular way. Using the same pattern, which number should replace the question mark in 342 : 453 :: 831 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question belongs to the category of number analogies, where a transformation applied to one number must be identified and then applied to another number. These questions check numerical pattern recognition and the ability to perform simple operations like addition, subtraction, or multiplication consistently. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given the pair 342 : 453. We must relate 831 to an unknown number using the same transformation. Only basic arithmetic operations are expected. Exactly one option should satisfy the same relationship. Concept / Approach: The safest approach is to compare 342 and 453 numerically. First, check for direct arithmetic relations such as adding or subtracting a constant. If that fails, we can explore digit wise patterns. In this problem, a direct comparison of the whole numbers reveals a simple constant difference, which is the most natural interpretation for a reasoning exam. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute the difference between 453 and 342. 453 - 342 = 111. Step 2: Interpret the relationship. The second number is obtained by adding 111 to the first number. So, 342 + 111 = 453. Step 3: Apply the same transformation to 831. 831 + 111 = 942. Step 4: Match the result with the options. 942 is present as an option, so it is the candidate answer. Verification / Alternative check: As a quick verification, we can check whether any other option maintains some similar consistent pattern, such as subtracting 111. For example, 831 - 111 = 720, which is also among the options but would correspond to a subtraction pattern. However, 342 to 453 clearly uses addition, not subtraction. Therefore only 942 satisfies the same direction and magnitude of change. This removes any ambiguity and confirms that the rule is add 111 to the first term. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 720 is obtained by 831 - 111, which reverses the operation and does not match the example pair. 740 has a difference of 91 from 831, which does not equal 111 and so breaks the pattern. 922 differs from 831 by 91, which again does not match the consistent difference of 111 observed in the first pair. 933 differs from 831 by 102, so it clearly does not follow the transformation seen with 342 and 453. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake in number analogy problems is to overcomplicate the pattern by focusing on digits individually when a simple whole number operation is sufficient. Candidates also sometimes confuse addition and subtraction if both seem to produce some option. The key is always to stick to the direction of the transformation shown in the example pair. Here the first number increases, so the same increase must apply in the second pair as well. Double checking the numeric difference avoids careless errors and stabilises performance in such questions. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 942.

Question 10

Select the related word from the given alternatives so that the analogy Air : Bird :: Water : ? is correctly completed.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is a word analogy that checks understanding of the natural relationship between living beings and their primary medium or habitat. Such analogies are frequently used in aptitude tests to measure how well a learner recognises everyday associations and can map them from one pair to another in a logical way. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: Air : Bird. Second pair: Water : ?. Words refer to common real world meanings. We must find an option that mirrors the same type of relationship. Concept / Approach: In the pair Air : Bird, air represents the medium or environment in which the bird moves and lives significantly, especially for flying. The relationship is between a habitat or natural medium and the creature that typically uses it. To complete the analogy, we must identify a creature that uses water as its primary medium for living and moving. This interpretation fits standard reasoning questions better than alternative functional interpretations such as action or purpose. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand Air : Bird. Birds fly in the air. Air is a natural medium associated closely with birds. Step 2: Identify the relationship. The relation can be expressed as medium to typical living being. Step 3: Apply the same idea to Water : ?. We need a living being for which water is the main natural medium. Step 4: Examine each option. Fish: A fish lives and moves in water as its main habitat. Swim: This is an action and not a living being. Wash: This is an activity using water, not a resident of water. Drink: This is another action, not an organism. Boat: It moves in water but is not a natural living creature. Step 5: Select the most appropriate option. Fish is clearly the word that parallels bird in the first pair. Verification / Alternative check: We can rewrite both pairs as short statements: A bird lives and moves in air. A fish lives and moves in water. These sentences share the same structure and emphasise habitat. If we try to use Swim, Wash, Drink, or Boat, the statements do not preserve the same natural parallel. Therefore Fish is the only option that gives a clean, direct analogy in line with typical reasoning patterns. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Swim is an action that humans or animals can perform in water; it is not a creature that inhabits water. Wash describes an activity using water to clean something and does not match the role of bird in the first pair. Drink is a verb for consuming water and again fails to provide a habitat based relationship. Boat is a man made object used to travel on water, not a natural living organism analogous to a bird. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to focus only on association with water and ignore the exact type of relation in the first pair. Many words are related to water, but analogies are strict about the pattern. By checking whether the second word plays the same role in its pair as the second word in the first pair, test takers can avoid confusion. Always try to express the relationship in a sentence and see whether the sentence structure stays parallel. Final Answer: The analogy Air : Bird :: Water : ? is correctly completed by Fish.

Question 11

In this letter analogy, ACEG is related to BDFH. Using the same pattern, which group of letters should complete the analogy ACEG : BDFH :: IKMO : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem is a letter series analogy that focuses on positional shifts in the alphabet. The given pair ACEG : BDFH shows a clear pattern where each corresponding letter in the second group is obtained by a simple shift from the first group. The task is to identify that pattern and then apply it to IKMO to find the correct related group. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: ACEG : BDFH. Second pair: IKMO : ?. All letters are standard English capital letters. The same transformation is applied position wise. Concept / Approach: For such letter analogy questions, converting letters to their alphabet positions is very helpful. The main idea is to look for a constant positional change from each letter in the first group to the corresponding letter in the second group. Once the rule is found, the same change is applied to the letters of IKMO to generate the missing term. The pattern in this question uses a simple plus one shift for each position. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert ACEG to positions. A = 1, C = 3, E = 5, G = 7. Step 2: Convert BDFH to positions. B = 2, D = 4, F = 6, H = 8. Step 3: Compare position wise. 1 to 2 is +1, 3 to 4 is +1, 5 to 6 is +1, 7 to 8 is +1. So each letter in ACEG is moved one step forward in the alphabet to produce BDFH. Step 4: Apply the same +1 rule to IKMO. I = 9, K = 11, M = 13, O = 15. 9 + 1 = 10, which is J. 11 + 1 = 12, which is L. 13 + 1 = 14, which is N. 15 + 1 = 16, which is P. So IKMO becomes JLNP. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, apply the reverse operation to JLNP. J back by one is I, L back by one is K, N back by one is M, and P back by one is O, which restores the original group IKMO. This mirrors exactly how ACEG transforms to BDFH and confirms that the pattern is a consistent plus one shift for each letter. No other option matches this exact transformation rule. Why Other Options Are Wrong: IJKL does not arise from a constant shift of plus one from IKMO. It introduces letters not aligned with the positional rule. KLMN represents a sequence of consecutive letters starting from K and ignores the structure of IKMO. HIJK shifts some letters backward and does not correspond to the plus one pattern. JMOP partly resembles the starting letter J but breaks the consistent pattern for the remaining positions and cannot be obtained by adding one to each letter of IKMO. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes focus only on obvious sequences like ABCD or KLMN and overlook the fact that analogy questions demand a consistent transformation between corresponding letters, not just any familiar sequence. Another frequent mistake is to check the pattern for only the first two letters and then guess. In examinations, it is crucial to test the rule on all positions in both pairs to ensure accuracy. Consistency across every letter is the key to solving such questions reliably. Final Answer: The letter group that completes the analogy is JLNP.

Question 12

Select the related word from the given alternatives so that the analogy Pencil : Lead :: Pen : ? is correctly completed.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy problem focuses on the relationship between an object and the material or substance that actually performs the main function of that object. For writing instruments, it is important to distinguish between the outer body and the internal medium that produces the marks. Such word analogies test how precisely a learner understands functional relationships in everyday items. Given Data / Assumptions: We are given the pair Pencil : Lead. We must complete the pair Pen : ? using the same type of relation. The words refer to common writing tools and their usual parts. Exactly one option should play the same role in relation to Pen as Lead does for Pencil. Concept / Approach: In a pencil, the actual writing is done by the inner core called lead, while the wooden body only holds it. So the relation is instrument to its writing medium. Pen has a similar structure, where the casing holds a fluid that produces the writing on paper. To solve the analogy, we must choose the substance that performs this role in a pen. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand Pencil : Lead. Lead is the dark material inside a pencil that makes marks on the paper. Step 2: Identify the relationship. The relation can be stated as writing instrument to writing medium. Step 3: Apply this idea to Pen. We need to find what plays the role of writing medium inside a pen. Step 4: Examine the options. Ball: May refer to ballpoint mechanism, but it is a small part of the tip, not the medium itself. Write: This is an action, not a substance. Blue: This is a colour and does not directly represent the writing substance. Ink: This is the fluid inside the pen that creates the marks on paper. Cap: This covers the pen but does not write. Step 5: Select the best match. Ink clearly corresponds to lead as the writing medium. Verification / Alternative check: We can express both pairs as parallel statements: A pencil writes using lead. A pen writes using ink. These sentences are structurally and conceptually parallel. None of the other options, when inserted into a similar sentence, yield such a natural and accurate description of how a pen functions. Therefore the analogy is preserved only when Ink is chosen. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Ball is part of the pen tip mechanism in ballpoint pens but is not the substance that forms the letters. Write is a verb and does not represent a component or material. Blue is merely a colour description, not the writing medium itself. Cap protects the pen tip but has no role in creating marks on paper. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse any associated part of an object with the exact functional equivalent required by the analogy. In exam conditions, it is important to ask what exactly plays the same functional role for the second item that the given word plays for the first. Focusing carefully on function rather than loose association helps avoid misinterpretation and improves accuracy in such analogy questions. Final Answer: The analogy Pencil : Lead :: Pen : ? is correctly completed by Ink.

Question 13

In this letter analogy, DGI is related to JMO. Using the same pattern, which group of letters should complete the analogy DGI : JMO :: RUW : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests the ability to detect consistent numerical shifts in alphabet positions for groups of letters. The analogy DGI : JMO suggests a specific transformation applied to each letter. Once this rule is found, it must be applied to RUW to find the missing group. Such problems require careful counting and attention to the pattern used across all positions. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: DGI : JMO. Second pair: RUW : ?. All letters are English capital letters. The same transformation is applied to each corresponding letter. Concept / Approach: We convert each letter to its alphabet position and compare the first and second groups position wise. If the differences are consistent, that difference becomes the rule for the analogy. The same difference is then applied to the letters in RUW. Because we might cross beyond Z, thinking about wrapping around the alphabet is also important in these problems. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert DGI to positions. D = 4, G = 7, I = 9. Step 2: Convert JMO to positions. J = 10, M = 13, O = 15. Step 3: Find the difference for each letter. 4 to 10 is +6. 7 to 13 is +6. 9 to 15 is +6. So every letter in DGI is shifted six positions forward to get JMO. Step 4: Apply the same +6 rule to RUW. R = 18, U = 21, W = 23. 18 + 6 = 24, which is X. 21 + 6 = 27. Alphabet positions go from 1 to 26, so 27 wraps to 1, which is A. 23 + 6 = 29. Subtract 26 to wrap around, 29 - 26 = 3, which is C. Thus RUW becomes XAC. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, shift XAC six positions backward. X (24) minus 6 is 18, which is R. A (1) minus 6 would give -5, and wrapping forward by adding 26 gives 21, which is U. C (3) minus 6 gives -3, and -3 plus 26 is 23, which is W. This reverse operation returns RUW exactly, confirming that XAC is consistent with the original pattern between DGI and JMO. Why Other Options Are Wrong: WYZ does not result from adding 6 to each letter in RUW and also breaks the wrap around logic. ACE is unrelated to RUW under any constant shift of +6 and is simply a basic sequence. ZAC approximates some wrap around behaviour but does not match the precise +6 pattern from DGI to JMO. VBD also fails to follow the uniform +6 shift from R, U, and W. Common Pitfalls: When letters are near the end of the alphabet, many learners forget to wrap around after Z and instead stop counting or miscalculate. It is essential to treat the alphabet cyclically when large positive shifts are involved. Another mistake is to assume different shifts for each letter. In classical analogy questions of this type, the safest assumption is a single consistent rule for all positions unless clearly indicated otherwise. Final Answer: The correct group of letters that completes the analogy is XAC.

Question 14

In this number analogy, 236 is related to 472. Using the same pattern, which number should complete the analogy 236 : 472 :: 123 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks the ability to identify a direct arithmetic relationship between two numbers and use it to determine a corresponding number in the second pair. Number analogy questions like this often use simple operations such as multiplication, division, or addition of a constant, and they are fundamental in many aptitude tests. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 236 : 472. Second pair: 123 : ?. We must assume basic arithmetic operations unless there is clear evidence of a more complex pattern. Exactly one option must satisfy the same transformation. Concept / Approach: The most natural step is to see whether 472 is a simple multiple or sum of 236. If this fails, we can then analyse digit wise relationships. In this case, a quick multiplication check shows that 236 multiplied by 2 yields 472, which indicates a straightforward linear relation. Applying the same operation to 123 will produce the corresponding number in the second pair. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Check for multiplication or division. Compute 236 * 2. 236 * 2 = 472. Step 2: Interpret the relationship. The second number is exactly double the first number. Step 3: Apply the same operation to 123. 123 * 2 = 246. Step 4: Match the result with the options. 246 appears as option A and so is the candidate answer. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by seeing whether any other option might tempt a wrong pattern. For instance, 426, 642, or 247 do not equal 2 times 123. Specifically, 426 / 123 is not equal to 2, 642 / 123 is not equal to 2, and 247 is only 124 units more than 123, which does not mirror the behavior of the first pair. There is no consistent ratio or difference with those values that matches the first transformation of exactly doubling 236. Therefore only 246 satisfies the rule. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 426 is not equal to 2 times 123 and does not maintain the same multiplicative factor observed between 236 and 472. 642 is larger than 246 and does not correspond to any simple multiple of 123 that mirrors the earlier pair. 247 is just 124 units greater than 123 and does not reflect a doubling operation. 234 is slightly less than 2 times 117 and is unrelated to the transformation 236 to 472. Common Pitfalls: Test takers sometimes rush into digit wise additions or reversals and ignore simple whole number multiplication. Another mistake is to assume that the second pair will always use a different or more complicated pattern, whereas exam setters usually maintain the same transform. Always begin with straightforward checks such as doubling, halving, or adding a constant, and only move to complex rules if those fail. This saves time and improves accuracy. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 246.

Question 15

Select the related word from the given alternatives so that the analogy Bacteria : Microscope :: Moon : ? is correctly completed.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy checks understanding of the relationship between an object and the scientific instrument typically used to observe it clearly. Reasoning tests often include such questions to measure how well candidates connect real world knowledge, technology, and observation tools used in science. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: Bacteria : Microscope. Second pair: Moon : ?. Words are used in their common scientific meanings. Exactly one option should play the same role for Moon as Microscope does for Bacteria. Concept / Approach: Bacteria are extremely small organisms that cannot be seen clearly with the naked eye. A microscope is the instrument specifically designed to magnify such tiny objects. Thus the relationship is object to instrument of observation. To complete the analogy, we must find the instrument typically used to observe the Moon in more detail than what the naked eye can provide. This leads naturally to an astronomical instrument. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand Bacteria : Microscope. Bacteria are microscopic organisms that require a microscope to be observed clearly and studied. Step 2: Identify the type of relation. The relationship is between a very small object and the device used to observe it. Step 3: Extend the idea to Moon : ?. The Moon can be seen with the naked eye, but detailed observation of its surface, craters, and features requires a specific instrument. Step 4: Examine each option. Night: A time period, not an observing device. Earth: A planet that the Moon orbits, not an instrument. Satellite: A category that includes the Moon itself, not a device to look at it. Telescope: An optical instrument used to observe distant objects in the sky such as the Moon and planets. Sun: A star that illuminates the Moon but does not function as an observing tool. Step 5: Select the best match. Telescope clearly plays the same role for Moon that Microscope plays for Bacteria. Verification / Alternative check: We can rewrite both pairs as short sentences. A microscope is used to observe bacteria. A telescope is used to observe the Moon. This makes the parallel explicit and confirms that Telescope is the only option that maintains the same object to observing instrument relationship. Other options either represent celestial bodies or abstract concepts and therefore do not fit the analogy structure. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Night is a period of time during which the Moon is typically visible, but it is not an instrument for observation. Earth is the planet we live on and does not function as a device to observe the Moon. Satellite is a classification for orbiting bodies, and the Moon itself is a natural satellite. Sun is the star that provides light for the Moon but has no role as an observing tool. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates simply look for a word associated with the Moon, such as Night or Earth, without focusing on the precise nature of the relationship in the first pair. In analogy questions it is vital to define the relationship exactly and then search for the option that fits that same definition. Thinking in terms of object and instrument of observation helps avoid selection based on loose associations. Final Answer: The analogy Bacteria : Microscope :: Moon : ? is correctly completed by Telescope.

Question 16

In this number analogy, 27 is related to 125 and 64 is related to which number so that the analogy 27 : 125 :: 64 : ? is correctly completed?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question involves a numerical analogy based on powers of integers, particularly perfect cubes. Many competitive exams include patterns involving squares and cubes because they are standard mathematical concepts. Recognising that 27 and 125 are both perfect cubes is the key to solving this question efficiently. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 27 : 125. Second pair: 64 : ?. All numbers are positive integers. The pattern is likely to involve powers such as squares or cubes. Concept / Approach: We start by factorising 27 and 125. Quickly noticing that 27 is 3^3 and 125 is 5^3 reveals that the pair links cubes of different integers. This suggests that 64, which is 4^3, should be connected to another cube, and the relationship may involve increasing the base by 2 in each case. Identifying this pattern allows us to determine the correct number to pair with 64. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Express 27 and 125 as cubes. 27 = 3^3. 125 = 5^3. Step 2: Observe the bases. The base increases from 3 to 5, which is an increase of 2. Step 3: Express 64 as a cube. 64 = 4^3. Step 4: Apply the same base increase of 2. 4 + 2 = 6. Step 5: Compute the corresponding cube. 6^3 = 6 * 6 * 6 = 216. Therefore, 64 should be paired with 216. Verification / Alternative check: We can phrase the pattern as follows: first term is n^3, second term is (n + 2)^3. For the first pair n = 3, so (3 + 2)^3 = 5^3 = 125, which matches. For the second pair n = 4, so (4 + 2)^3 = 6^3 = 216, matching our derived value. This confirms that 216 maintains exactly the same relation with 64 that 125 has with 27. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 517 is not a perfect cube and does not correspond to any simple base related to 4. 162 is not equal to 6^3 and does not match a neat power rule for this analogy. 273 is not a perfect cube of a small integer and does not follow the n^3 to (n + 2)^3 pattern. 343 is 7^3, which would correspond to an increase of 3 in the base from 4, not an increase of 2 as seen in the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may look for additive or multiplicative relationships directly between 27 and 125, such as differences or ratios, and overlook the fact that both are perfect cubes. A solid habit in such questions is to immediately check for squares and cubes when small integers are involved. Recognising standard powers saves time and leads to a clear and consistent pattern that can then be applied to the second pair without confusion. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 216.

Question 17

In this number analogy, 4 is related to 12. Using the same pattern, which number should complete the analogy 4 : 12 :: 5 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question involves a simple arithmetic relation between two numbers and asks you to extend that relation to another number. Recognising standard patterns such as multiplication by a nearby value, or n multiplied by (n minus 1), is very important for quickly solving such numerical analogy problems in competitive exams. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 4 : 12. Second pair: 5 : ?. All numbers are small positive integers. The transformation is likely to be a simple arithmetic rule. Concept / Approach: We start by looking for a straightforward operation that converts 4 into 12. While 4 times 3 gives 12, we must consider whether there is a more general rule that can apply to 5 in a similar way. One common pattern is n multiplied by (n minus 1). For 4, this is 4 * 3, which equals 12. Applying the same n * (n minus 1) rule to 5 gives a unique and consistent result. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Express the transformation from 4 to 12. 4 * 3 = 12. Step 2: Rewrite the multiplier in terms of the original number. 3 is equal to 4 minus 1. So the rule can be written as n * (n - 1). Step 3: Apply this rule to the second number 5. Compute 5 * (5 - 1) = 5 * 4. 5 * 4 = 20. Step 4: Match with the options. 20 appears in the options and fits the pattern exactly. Verification / Alternative check: If we instead used a simple doubling or tripling rule, the result for 5 would be 10 or 15, which do not match the strong pattern we identified based on n * (n - 1). The n times (n minus 1) rule works perfectly for the first pair and produces a unique corresponding value for the second pair. Therefore, 20 is the only number that preserves the analogy in a systematic way. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 25 is equal to 5^2 and does not reflect the relationship used for 4 and 12. 22 is not obtainable from 5 using the n * (n - 1) rule and lacks a clear connection to the transformation of 4 into 12. 30 would require multiplying 5 by 6, which does not match 4 multiplied by 3. 15 would correspond to 5 * 3, which is not in line with 4 * 3 because here the multiplier does not follow the n minus 1 pattern. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to guess transformations based on the first number alone without rewriting them in a consistent algebraic form. For instance, noticing 4 multiplied by 3 equals 12 is fine, but unless we identify 3 as (4 minus 1), we cannot reliably extend the pattern to other numbers like 5. Translating the relationship into a general expression such as n * (n - 1) makes it much easier to test and apply the rule to the next term in the analogy. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 20.

Question 18

Select the related word from the given alternatives so that the analogy Square : 90 degree :: Equilateral triangle : ? is correctly completed.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy problem tests basic knowledge of geometry, specifically the measures of interior angles in standard shapes. Understanding the angle properties of squares and equilateral triangles is fundamental in school level mathematics and is often assessed through analogy style questions in aptitude exams. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: Square : 90 degree. Second pair: Equilateral triangle : ?. The degree values refer to interior angles of the shapes. Each option represents a possible measure of an interior angle. Concept / Approach: In a square, each interior angle measures 90 degrees. Therefore, the relationship in the first pair is shape to measure of each of its interior angles. To complete the analogy, we must determine the measure of each interior angle in an equilateral triangle. Remember that an equilateral triangle has all three sides equal and also all three angles equal, and the sum of interior angles of any triangle is 180 degrees. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the angle property of a square. A square has four right angles, each measuring 90 degrees. Step 2: Identify the relationship. The shape is linked to the measure of each interior angle. Step 3: Recall the angle sum of a triangle. The sum of all interior angles of any triangle is 180 degrees. Step 4: Use the property of an equilateral triangle. An equilateral triangle has three equal sides, so all three angles are equal too. Step 5: Compute each angle. Each angle = total sum of angles / number of angles = 180 / 3. 180 / 3 = 60. Therefore, each angle in an equilateral triangle measures 60 degrees. Verification / Alternative check: We can check consistency by comparing the structure of the statements. In the first pair, we can say every interior angle of a square measures 90 degrees. In the second, every interior angle of an equilateral triangle measures 60 degrees. Both statements parallel each other and clearly show the same type of relationship. This confirms that 60 degree is the only value that completes the analogy correctly. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 30° is too small and would make the total of three angles only 90 degrees, which is not a valid triangle. 90° would imply a right angle triangle if only one angle is 90 degrees, or would sum to 270 degrees if all three were right angles, which is impossible. 120° would create an angle sum of 360 degrees for three equal angles, which is not valid for a triangle. 45° leads to a total of 135 degrees for three equal angles, which is again not equal to 180 degrees. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may confuse the angle properties of different regular polygons. For example, they might remember that regular hexagons and other polygons have different interior angle measures and mix these values. A reliable habit is to quickly verify the angle sum and divide it by the number of sides for regular polygons. This straightforward method removes guesswork and ensures correct analogical reasoning in questions of this type. Final Answer: The analogy Square : 90 degree :: Equilateral triangle : ? is correctly completed by 60°.

Question 19

In this letter analogy, MOQ is related to NLJ. Using the same pattern, which group of letters should complete the analogy MOQ : NLJ :: SUW : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy problem involves a less obvious but very important alphabetic transformation. The pair MOQ : NLJ can be cracked by recognising a mirror or reverse position mapping in the alphabet. Once this rule is found, it must be applied to SUW to obtain the correct related group. Such questions are slightly more advanced because they rely on the idea of alphabetical symmetry around the middle of the alphabet. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: MOQ : NLJ. Second pair: SUW : ?. All letters are capital letters from A to Z. The same transformation is applied letter by letter. Concept / Approach: Instead of a simple addition or subtraction, this analogy uses a reverse position mapping based on the idea that the sum of positions of paired letters equals 27. For example, A and Z are paired, B and Y are paired, and so on. This is often described as reflecting letters in a mirror placed at the centre of the alphabet. We will first check that MOQ and NLJ follow this rule, and then apply it to SUW. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Find the positions for MOQ. M = 13, O = 15, Q = 17. Step 2: Find the positions for NLJ. N = 14, L = 12, J = 10. Step 3: Check for mirror pattern based on sum 27. For M and N, 13 + 14 = 27. For O and L, 15 + 12 = 27. For Q and J, 17 + 10 = 27. So each letter in NLJ is the mirrored counterpart of the corresponding letter in MOQ when positions are summed to 27. Step 4: Apply the same mirror rule to SUW. S = 19, U = 21, W = 23. Mirror letter position = 27 minus given position. For S: 27 - 19 = 8, which is H. For U: 27 - 21 = 6, which is F. For W: 27 - 23 = 4, which is D. Thus SUW maps to HFD. Verification / Alternative check: We can further verify by mirroring HFD again. H is 8, so 27 - 8 = 19, which is S. F is 6, so 27 - 6 = 21, which is U. D is 4, so 27 - 4 = 23, which is W. This round trip confirms that SUW and HFD are perfect mirror pairs under the same transformation that links MOQ and NLJ. Therefore HFD is the only group consistent with the analogy rule. Why Other Options Are Wrong: IGE does not satisfy the property that the sum of positions with SUW letters equals 27 for each pair. CEG also fails the 27 sum rule and appears as a simple increasing sequence. KJI is a descending sequence near the middle of the alphabet, but it does not mirror SUW in the required way. TPR is another unrelated sequence and does not follow the mirror transformation from SUW. Common Pitfalls: Many learners initially search for fixed addition or subtraction patterns and become stuck when those fail. In such situations, it is useful to test mirror relationships, especially when the answers appear to move towards earlier letters in an irregular way. Remembering the 27 sum rule for mirrored letters (A with Z, B with Y, and so on) is a powerful tool for solving these more advanced letter analogies efficiently. Final Answer: The group of letters that correctly completes the analogy is HFD.

Question 20

In this number analogy, 111 is related to 37. Using the same pattern, which number should complete the analogy 111 : 37 :: 123 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This numerical analogy is based on division by a constant factor. The given pair 111 : 37 suggests that the second number may be a result of dividing the first by some integer. Once this factor is identified, we can apply it to the second number in the analogy to obtain the missing value. Such questions are straightforward but require careful basic arithmetic. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 111 : 37. Second pair: 123 : ?. The numbers appear to be related by a simple arithmetic operation. Exactly one option should follow the same rule. Concept / Approach: We examine the relationship between 111 and 37. Quick checks with multiplication show that 37 * 3 equals 111. This leads to an interpretation where the first number is three times the second, or equivalently, the second number is the first divided by 3. The same operation should then be applied to 123 to maintain the pattern in the analogy. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Test whether 111 is divisible by 3. 111 / 3 = 37. Step 2: Interpret the relation. The second number is obtained by dividing the first number by 3. Step 3: Apply the same division to 123. 123 / 3 = 41. Step 4: Check the options. 41 is present as option A and fits the rule exactly. Verification / Alternative check: We can cross check by reversing the operation. If 41 is correct, then 41 multiplied by 3 should give back 123. Computing 41 * 3 gives 123, confirming the relationship. Additionally, for 111, 37 * 3 gives 111, so both pairs satisfy the same multiply or divide by 3 rule. No other option maintains this exact pattern for both pairs simultaneously. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 31 would require the second number to be 31, but 31 * 3 equals 93, not 123, so it does not keep the relation. 21 multiplied by 3 gives 63 and has no connection to 123. 71 multiplied by 3 gives 213, which again does not match 123. 39 does not satisfy the same division rule for 123 and breaks the consistent pattern of dividing by 3. Common Pitfalls: One common error is to assume addition or subtraction when multiplication or division is more natural. Another is to forget to check whether the same rule works consistently for both pairs. In this type of question, always identify a clear operation for the first pair and then apply it strictly to the second. If the result does not appear in the options, revisit the reasoning rather than forcing a pattern. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 41.

Analogy Questions