Question 1

In this number analogy, “5 is to 30 as 7 is to ______”. Select the number that completes the analogy by applying the same multiplication pattern used in the first pair.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question involves a simple multiplication based number analogy. The pair “5 : 30” suggests that the second number is derived from the first using a direct arithmetic rule. Once that rule is identified, we apply it to the number 7 in the second pair “7 : ?” and select the correct result from the options. Questions like this are designed to test quick recognition of standard multiplication patterns. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: 5 corresponds to 30. • Second pair: 7 corresponds to an unknown number. • Options: 54, 50, 49, 56. • We expect a single arithmetic rule applied consistently in both pairs. Concept / Approach: First, look at how to obtain 30 from 5. One common pattern in analogies is n multiplied by the next integer, that is, n * (n + 1). For 5, this gives 5 * 6 = 30, which matches the given pair. If we treat that as the rule, then we should apply the same formula to 7 to obtain the second number of the new pair and then match it with the correct option. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the rule in the first pair. Compute 5 * (5 + 1) = 5 * 6 = 30. This exactly matches 30, so the rule works. Step 2: Apply the same rule to 7. Compute 7 * (7 + 1) = 7 * 8. 7 * 8 = 56. Step 3: Check the answer options. Among 54, 50, 49, and 56, only 56 matches the computed result. Verification / Alternative check: We can re express the analogy as “n : n * (n + 1)”. For n = 5, we have 5 : 30. For n = 7, we have 7 : 56. No other simple common pattern such as squaring or doubling fits both pairs as neatly. For example, 5² = 25 and 7² = 49, but 30 is not 25, and 49 is only one of the distractors, not the number that continues the pattern properly. Thus, n * (n + 1) is the most consistent rule here. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • 54: This equals 6 * 9 and does not arise from 7 * (7 + 1). • 50: This is not obtained by any direct extension of 5 * 6 = 30 for the number 7. • 49: This is 7², which might look tempting but breaks the specific pattern used in the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes spot 49 as 7² and choose it, forgetting to check whether squaring also explains 30 from 5. Because 5² is 25 and not 30, squaring cannot be the underlying rule. The safer approach is to test any suspected pattern against both parts of the analogy before deciding on a final answer. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 56.

Question 2

In this word analogy, “Calendar is to Date as Index is to ______”. Select the option that stands in the same object to item listed relationship for index as date does for calendar.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy uses relationships between reference tools and the specific information they organise or display. A calendar is a tool that organises and shows dates. Similarly, an index is a tool in the back of a book that helps readers locate specific items in the text. To complete the analogy “Calendar : Date :: Index : ?”, we must select the word that represents what an index lists or points to, in parallel with how a calendar lists dates. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Calendar → Date. • Second pair: Index → ? • Options: name of author, glossary, contents, summary. • We assume standard parts of a book: contents list chapter headings, an index lists specific topics with page references, a glossary explains terms, and a summary gives a brief review. Concept / Approach: A calendar arranges days and months in a structured way so that you can locate any particular date you need. An index performs a comparable role in a book: it lists topics, names, and key terms, along with page numbers where they appear in the text. Therefore, the relationship is “tool that helps you locate something : the items it helps you locate”. For an index, these items are the contents or topics of the book. Among the options, contents best captures that role. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Clarify the first relationship. A calendar organises dates. You consult a calendar to find the date of a particular day. Step 2: Describe the role of an index. An index lists important words, topics, or names and tells you the page numbers where they occur. It is a map to the contents of the text. Step 3: Examine each option. Name of author is usually on the cover or title page and is not what the index itself lists. Glossary is a separate section that explains difficult words, not what an index directly points to. Contents is a good general word for the material inside the book and is what the index helps you locate, entry by entry. Summary is a brief overview of the text, not the set of detailed items the index refers to. Step 4: Recognise that the closest parallel to date in this context is contents. Verification / Alternative check: We can write the analogy as “tool for quick lookup : item(s) it lets you find”. A calendar allows quick lookup of a date; an index allows quick lookup of specific parts of the contents. Other parts of a book such as the glossary or summary serve different functions and do not map as directly to what an index lists or points at. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Name of author – although it might appear in an index, it is only one possible entry, not the general type of item we are describing. • Glossary – is its own separate list of definitions and is not what the index itself represents. • Summary – summarises contents but is not the detailed set of entries that an index helps you navigate. Common Pitfalls: Some learners confuse index with table of contents or glossary, mixing up book parts. The key is to focus on the primary function: an index is designed to help the reader find specific topics in the contents, so contents is the best general term to complete the analogy. Final Answer: The word that correctly completes the analogy is Contents.

Question 3

In this word to number coding analogy, “ACOUSTIC is coded as 91, so RENOUNCE is coded as ______”. Choose the number that follows the same letter position sum rule used in the example.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question uses a coding scheme that converts words into numbers based on the positions of their letters in the English alphabet. The word “ACOUSTIC” is coded as 91, and we must determine the code for the word “RENOUNCE”. To solve it, we need to identify the rule that turns ACOUSTIC into 91. A common pattern is to sum the alphabetical positions of all letters. If that rule works for the example, we then apply the same process to RENOUNCE. Given Data / Assumptions: • Code given: ACOUSTIC → 91. • Target: RENOUNCE → ? • Options: 95, 99, 105, 109. • Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. Concept / Approach: We test the hypothesis that the code equals the sum of letter positions. If adding the positions of all letters in ACOUSTIC gives 91, that strongly suggests the coding rule. We then perform the same sum for RENOUNCE and see which option matches the result. This method is straightforward and widely used in coding questions in aptitude exams. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write positions of letters for ACOUSTIC. A = 1, C = 3, O = 15, U = 21, S = 19, T = 20, I = 9, C = 3. Step 2: Compute the sum. 1 + 3 + 15 + 21 + 19 + 20 + 9 + 3 = 91. This matches the given code, confirming that the rule is sum of letter positions. Step 3: Apply the same rule to RENOUNCE. Write the letter positions: R = 18, E = 5, N = 14, O = 15, U = 21, N = 14, C = 3, E = 5. Step 4: Add them up. 18 + 5 = 23. 23 + 14 = 37. 37 + 15 = 52. 52 + 21 = 73. 73 + 14 = 87. 87 + 3 = 90. 90 + 5 = 95. Step 5: Therefore, the code for RENOUNCE is 95. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly check that none of the other options fits another simple pattern like doubling or adding a fixed constant to 91. The most systematic and repeatable rule is the sum of letter positions, which not only reproduces the given result for ACOUSTIC but also yields an exact match to one of the answer choices for RENOUNCE. This makes 95 the uniquely reasonable answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • 99, 105, 109: These do not equal the sum of the alphabet positions of RENOUNCE and hence do not follow the established rule. Choosing them would require mixing rules, which is not valid in a coding analogy. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may try to relate 91 and 95 directly without examining the underlying word structure, or they may guess based on approximate values. The safest approach is always to identify the explicit rule used in the example and then apply it exactly to the new word. Doing the addition carefully leads directly to 95. Final Answer: Using the same coding rule, the word RENOUNCE is coded as 95.

Question 4

In this instrument analogy, “Ammeter is to Current as ______ is to ______”. Choose the instrument and physical quantity pair that stands in the same measuring instrument to quantity measured relationship.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy tests knowledge of basic scientific instruments and the physical quantities they measure. The pair “Ammeter : Current” links an instrument (ammeter) with the quantity it measures (electric current in amperes). To complete the analogy, we must choose another pair where the first word is a measuring instrument and the second word is the physical quantity it is designed to measure. Recognising these instrument quantity pairs is common in general science questions. Given Data / Assumptions: • Example pair: Ammeter → Current. span style="display:block;">• Target pair: ? → ? • Options: Scale : Speed, Seismograph : Density, Barometer : Mass, Anemometer : Wind. • We assume standard textbook definitions of scientific instruments and their primary uses. Concept / Approach: The relationship in the example is clearly “measuring instrument : quantity measured”. An ammeter is used to measure electric current. We must look for an option where the first term is a recognised scientific instrument and the second is the proper physical quantity associated with that instrument. Among the choices, an anemometer is a device designed specifically to measure wind speed or wind flow, so the pair “Anemometer : Wind” matches the pattern exactly. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Analyse the example pair. An ammeter is connected in an electric circuit to measure the current flowing through it, usually in amperes. Step 2: Evaluate each option. Scale : Speed – A scale is normally used to measure weight or mass, not speed. Seismograph : Density – A seismograph records seismic waves generated by earthquakes, not material density. Barometer : Mass – A barometer measures atmospheric pressure, not mass. Anemometer : Wind – An anemometer is used to measure wind speed or velocity and is directly associated with wind. Step 3: Only Anemometer : Wind fits the pattern of “instrument : quantity measured”. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, restate each pair as “instrument that measures X”. Ammeter measures current, anemometer measures wind, barometer measures pressure, seismograph measures seismic activity, and scale measures weight or mass. Thus, only “Ammeter : Current” and “Anemometer : Wind” share the same type of relationship. The other options link instruments to incorrect or mismatched quantities. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Scale : Speed – Incorrect because speed is measured by a speedometer or similar device, not by a weighing scale. • Seismograph : Density – Seismograph outputs wave information, not density; density measurements require other methods. • Barometer : Mass – Barometer measures atmospheric pressure; mass is measured with balances or scales. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to choose an instrument paired with any scientific sounding term instead of checking if it is truly the quantity measured by that instrument. Remember to recall basic instrument definitions: ammeter current, voltmeter voltage, barometer pressure, thermometer temperature, and anemometer wind. This mental list helps you quickly recognise the correct pair in such questions. Final Answer: The related word pair that correctly completes the analogy is Anemometer : Wind.

Question 5

In this letter pair analogy, “JPC is to GMZ as PUV is to ______”. Select the group of letters that completes the analogy by following the same backward alphabet shift pattern.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy uses a fixed backward shift in the alphabet to transform one group of letters into another. The pair “JPC : GMZ” shows how each letter of JPC is mapped to the corresponding letter in GMZ by subtracting a constant number of positions. We must discover that constant shift and then apply it to PUV to determine which option correctly completes the analogy. Such questions assess accuracy in working with alphabet positions and modular arithmetic on letters. Given Data / Assumptions: • Example pair: JPC → GMZ. • Target pair: PUV → ? • Options: MRS, MSR, MQR, RMS. • Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26 with wrapping when shifting backward past A. Concept / Approach: We determine the shift by converting each letter in the example pair into its numeric position and subtracting. If we see the same difference for all positions, that difference is the constant shift. Then we apply the same subtraction to each letter in PUV. Finally, we match the resulting letter group with one of the provided options, paying attention to both letters and their order. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert JPC and GMZ to numeric positions. J = 10, P = 16, C = 3. G = 7, M = 13, Z = 26. Step 2: Find the shifts from JPC to GMZ. 10 → 7: −3. 16 → 13: −3. 3 → 26: this is effectively 3 − 3 = 0, wrap to 26 (Z), which is also −3 modulo 26. So the transformation is “subtract 3 from each position, wrapping around if needed”. Step 3: Apply the same rule to PUV. P = 16, U = 21, V = 22. 16 − 3 = 13 → M. 21 − 3 = 18 → R. 22 − 3 = 19 → S. Step 4: The resulting group is M R S (MRS). Verification / Alternative check: We can confirm the consistency by applying the reverse shift (adding 3) to GMZ and MRS. G (7) + 3 = J (10), M (13) + 3 = P (16), Z (26) + 3 = 29, minus 26 = 3 → C, returning JPC. Similarly, M (13) + 3 = P (16), R (18) + 3 = U (21), S (19) + 3 = V (22), returning PUV. This confirms that a uniform −3 shift generates both GMZ from JPC and MRS from PUV. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • MSR and RMS: These options use the same letters M, R, and S but in different orders, which breaks the position wise mapping produced by the precise −3 shift rule. • MQR: Contains incorrect letters that do not arise from subtracting 3 from P, U, and V respectively. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to observe only the letters present in the options and pick one that looks similar without checking the shift for each position. Another pitfall is forgetting the wrap around from A to Z when subtracting. Handling modular arithmetic on letters carefully and verifying the mapping in both directions prevents such mistakes. Final Answer: The group of letters that correctly completes the analogy is MRS.

Question 6

In this number analogy, “5 is to 130 as 6 is to ______”. Choose the option that completes the analogy by applying the same cube plus number rule used for the first pair.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy transforms a number into a larger number using a rule based on cubes. The pair “5 : 130” hints that 130 can be expressed using 5³ in some way, perhaps with an additional small operation. Once we identify the exact formula for converting 5 into 130, we can apply the same formula to 6 to determine the correct answer in “6 : ?”. Such cube based patterns are common in numerical reasoning questions. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: 5 corresponds to 130. • Second pair: 6 corresponds to an unknown number. • Options: 210, 212, 222, 242. • We note that 5³ = 125, which is close to 130, suggesting a cube plus something pattern. Concept / Approach: Start by expressing 130 in terms of 5³. Since 5³ = 125, we see that 130 = 5³ + 5. This suggests the rule “n maps to n³ + n”. If that is the rule, then for n = 6, the corresponding number would be 6³ + 6. We compute that value and compare it with the given options to find the correct match. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Check the rule for the first pair. Compute 5³ = 5 * 5 * 5 = 125. Add the original number: 125 + 5 = 130. So the rule is consistent with 5 mapping to 5³ + 5. Step 2: Apply the same rule to 6. Compute 6³ = 6 * 6 * 6 = 216. Add the original number: 216 + 6 = 222. Step 3: Check the answer options. The result 222 appears as option C. Verification / Alternative check: To confirm that this is the intended pattern, consider whether any simpler rule fits both pairs. A simple multiple of 5 would not equal 130, and a square based pattern such as 5² or 6² would not produce results close to the given numbers. The formula n³ + n fits 5 exactly and yields a value for 6 that is one of the answer choices. This makes it the most natural and consistent explanation of the analogy. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • 210: This equals 6 * 35 and does not match 6³ + 6. • 212: This is 6³ − 4 and does not align with the pattern derived from the first pair. • 242: This is 6³ + 26, which is unrelated to the addition of the original number 6. Common Pitfalls: Some test takers may search for repeated differences or ratios between 5 and 130 or 6 and the options, instead of looking for a clean expression using powers. When a small integer maps to a much larger number, it is often a hint to consider squares or cubes. Checking n³ and then n³ plus n for each candidate quickly leads to the correct rule without confusion. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 222.

Question 7

In this verbal reasoning question, select the odd word pair from the given alternatives, where three pairs show similar meaning relationships and one pair has a different type of relationship.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is an odd one out question framed in the style of word pair analogies. You are given four pairs of words, and you must identify the pair whose relationship differs fundamentally from the relationships in the other three pairs. Three of the pairs are broadly similar in that they express similarity or close association, while one pair expresses a clear opposite relationship. Detecting whether a pair shows synonymy, antonymy, or some other link is key in such questions. Given Data / Assumptions: • Option A: Quick : Fast. • Option B: Lazy : Slow. • Option C: Credible : Deceptive. • Option D: Exhaust : Tired. • We interpret quick and fast as near synonyms, while credible and deceptive are clear opposites in meaning. Concept / Approach: We examine each pair to see whether the words are synonyms, antonyms, or related in a cause effect way. Quick and fast both indicate high speed, so they are synonyms. Lazy and slow can often go together as similar traits in behaviour, though not perfect synonyms, and are usually used in a related sense. Exhaust and tired are also closely linked, with exhaustion leading to tiredness. Credible and deceptive, however, stand in a direct opposite relationship: credible means believable, while deceptive means misleading or lying. Thus, option C is structurally different from the rest. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Analyse Quick : Fast. Both words describe high speed or rapid action. They are near synonyms. Step 2: Analyse Lazy : Slow. A lazy person tends to act slowly or without energy; slow describes a pace that is not fast. These words are strongly associated in everyday usage and can be seen as similar behaviour traits. Step 3: Analyse Exhaust : Tired. To exhaust someone is to make that person very tired. There is a direct cause effect relation, and the words are strongly related in meaning. Step 4: Analyse Credible : Deceptive. Credible means believable or trustworthy. Deceptive means misleading, dishonest, or intended to deceive. These meanings are opposite: one suggests trust, the other suggests trickery and lack of trust. Step 5: Conclude that while A, B, and D show similarity or close association in meaning, C shows contrast or antonymy, so C is the odd pair. Verification / Alternative check: Try replacing each pair with “similar words” or “opposite words”. Quick and fast fit “similar”. Lazy and slow often fit “similar” or at least “closely related traits”. Exhaust and tired also fit a close connection. Credible and deceptive fit more naturally into “opposite in meaning”, which sets this pair apart. Because we need the odd pair with a different relationship, Credible : Deceptive is the answer. Why Other Options Are Not Odd: • Quick : Fast – clear synonym pair. • Lazy : Slow – linked behavioural concepts that often describe a similar style of action. • Exhaust : Tired – one leads to the other and both revolve around fatigue, not opposition. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may see Lazy and Slow as a cause effect pair and suspect it is the odd one out. However, all three non chosen pairs share a broadly similar or closely associated meaning, whereas Credible and Deceptive directly contradict one another. Focusing on whether the relationship is similarity or opposition is the best way to avoid confusion here. Final Answer: The odd word pair in this set is Credible : Deceptive.

Question 8

In this country and capital analogy, “Canada is to Ottawa as ______ is to ______”. Select the country and its correct capital city pair that mirrors the relationship in the first pair.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a general knowledge analogy based on countries and their capital cities. The pair “Canada : Ottawa” links a country with its capital, Ottawa. To complete the analogy, we must select the option where the first term is a country and the second term is its correct capital city, just as Ottawa is the capital of Canada. Knowing basic world capitals is important for many competitive examinations. Given Data / Assumptions: • Example pair: Canada → Ottawa. • Target pair: ? → ? • Options: Egypt : Cairo, Norway : Havana, France : Rome, Kenya : Teheran. • We use standard, widely recognised capital cities. Concept / Approach: We identify the relationship type as “country : its capital city”. Canada is a country in North America, and Ottawa is its capital. We then examine each option to see whether the capital matches the country correctly. Egypt’s capital is Cairo, Norway’s capital is Oslo rather than Havana, France’s capital is Paris rather than Rome, and Kenya’s capital is Nairobi rather than Teheran. Therefore, only Egypt : Cairo preserves the same relationship. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the first pair. Canada is a country; Ottawa is the official capital city of Canada. Step 2: Check each option. Egypt : Cairo – Egypt is a country in Africa, and Cairo is its capital city. Norway : Havana – Norway is in Europe, but Havana is the capital of Cuba, not Norway. France : Rome – France is a European country, but Rome is the capital of Italy, not France. Kenya : Teheran – Kenya is in Africa, but Teheran (Tehran) is the capital of Iran, not Kenya. Step 3: Only Egypt : Cairo matches the correct country capital relationship. Verification / Alternative check: Consider whether any of the incorrect pairs could be justified by another relationship. For example, France and Rome have historical connections, but the question clearly uses the pattern of country and capital. Headquarters, languages, or historical ties do not satisfy the strict analogy of “country : its one official capital city”. Thus, Egypt : Cairo is uniquely correct. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Norway : Havana – mismatched; Havana belongs to Cuba. • France : Rome – mismatched; Rome is Italy’s capital and Paris is the capital of France. • Kenya : Teheran – mismatched; Nairobi is the capital of Kenya and Tehran is the capital of Iran. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to be distracted by familiar city names and not check whether they match the given country. Always recall or verify the exact capital city rather than selecting an answer simply because the city name is well known. Working through each option systematically prevents such errors. Final Answer: The country and capital pair that correctly completes the analogy is Egypt : Cairo.

Question 9

In the following analogy question on letter series, select the group of letters that is related to MTNL in the same way as JQXE is related to LSZG from the given alternatives.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: In this verbal reasoning question we are dealing with a letter analogy. The first pair of letter groups JQXE and LSZG defines a fixed pattern of movement in the alphabet. Our task is to understand that pattern and then apply it to the second group MTNL in order to find the correct related group of letters from the options. Such questions test a learner ability to observe systematic shifts in alphabet positions and to generalise the same rule consistently. Given Data / Assumptions: First letter pair: JQXE : LSZG Second letter group: MTNL We must choose one option that shows the same relationship with MTNL as LSZG shows with JQXE. We assume the English alphabet with A as position 1 and Z as position 26. Concept / Approach: The standard method for letter analogies is to convert each letter into its numerical position in the alphabet and then compare differences between corresponding letters. If the difference is constant, or follows a simple rule, then we can apply the same numeric change to the new group of letters. Here we will check whether each letter of LSZG is obtained by adding or subtracting a fixed number of positions from the corresponding letter of JQXE. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert JQXE to positions. J is 10, Q is 17, X is 24, and E is 5. Step 2: Convert LSZG to positions. L is 12, S is 19, Z is 26, and G is 7. Step 3: Find the shift between each pair. J to L is +2, Q to S is +2, X to Z is +2, and E to G is +2. So the rule is "add 2 positions" to every letter. Step 4: Apply the same rule to MTNL. M is 13 so adding 2 gives O (15). T is 20 so adding 2 gives V (22). N is 14 so adding 2 gives P (16). L is 12 so adding 2 gives N (14). Step 5: Combine these letters to form the related group OVPN. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly verify the pattern once more to be sure. For the first pair J to L, 10 plus 2 equals 12. For Q to S, 17 plus 2 equals 19. For X to Z, 24 plus 2 equals 26. For E to G, 5 plus 2 equals 7. The same plus two rule works perfectly. When we apply plus two to each letter of MTNL we obtain OVPN with no break in the pattern. No other simple constant shift (like plus 1, plus 3, or minus 2) matches all letters of the first pair, so the discovered rule is consistent and unique in this context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option OPVN has letters in a different order and does not follow a uniform shift of plus two from MTNL for each position. Option KRPN would require inconsistent shifts that do not match the JQXE to LSZG pattern. Option OPLJ also fails because some letters would need positive shifts and some negative shifts that do not align with the constant plus two rule. Only OVPN matches a clean plus two change for all four letters. Therefore all other options are incorrect for this analogy rule. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to look only at the first or second letter of the pair and then guess the answer without checking the rule for every position. Another frequent error is to consider approximate patterns such as plus one or plus three that may fit some letters but not all. Some learners also confuse alphabetical order and reverse order and attempt to mirror letters instead of measuring exact numeric shifts. For analogy questions one must always confirm that the same rule works for every corresponding letter in the pair before applying it to the new group. Final Answer: The letter group that is related to MTNL in the same way as JQXE is related to LSZG is OVPN.

Question 10

In the following number analogy, select the related number so that the pair 7 : 48 is to 11 : ? in the same way according to a consistent rule.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question belongs to the category of number analogies in aptitude. We are given a pair of numbers 7 and 48, and we must find a number that relates to 11 in the same way that 48 relates to 7. The key is to identify a simple and consistent numerical pattern, often involving squares, cubes, or basic arithmetic operations. Such questions test comfort with numerical patterns and recognition of common transformations like n squared minus one or n cubed plus a constant. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 7 : 48 Second pair: 11 : ? We must choose one number from the options that fits the same rule. We assume ordinary integer arithmetic and typical exam level patterns such as squares or cubes. Concept / Approach: A good starting point is to check whether 48 can be expressed in terms of 7 using squares or cubes. The square of 7 is 49, which is very close to 48. This suggests the pattern 7^2 - 1 = 48. Once this rule is identified we can apply the same pattern to 11 and see which option matches. Square based analogies are very common in reasoning tests because they are easy to compute yet still require observation. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute the square of 7. We have 7^2 = 49. Step 2: Compare 49 with the second number 48. We see that 48 is equal to 49 - 1. Step 3: Conclude that the rule used in the first pair is "second number equals square of the first number minus one". Symbolically, if the first number is n, then the second is n^2 - 1. Step 4: Apply the same rule to 11. Compute 11^2 = 121. Step 5: Subtract one. So the required number is 121 - 1 = 120. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify the rule for consistency. For n = 7, n^2 - 1 = 7^2 - 1 = 49 - 1 = 48, which matches the first pair exactly. For n = 11, n^2 - 1 = 11^2 - 1 = 121 - 1 = 120. None of the other common simple rules, such as 2n^2, n^3, or n(n - 1), produce 48 for n equal to 7, so n^2 - 1 is the cleanest pattern. Therefore, following the same pattern, the only correct second number for 11 is 120. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 131 would correspond to 11^2 + 10, which has no link to the original pair. Option 130 does not match any simple expression derived from 7 that gives 48, and it would require a different rule. Option 171 would be closer to 11^3 plus a constant, but then 7 would not produce 48 with the same constant. Because a single consistent rule must work for both pairs, these alternatives are invalid. Only 120 fits the pattern n^2 - 1 for both 7 and 11. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to try random operations like multiplying by a constant or adding arbitrary numbers without checking whether the same formula works for both pairs. Another pitfall is to overcomplicate the pattern with multiple steps when a simple square based rule is sufficient. When solving number analogies, always test candidate patterns on the given pair before applying them to the unknown pair. This disciplined approach avoids choosing an option that fits one side only by coincidence. Final Answer: The number that completes the analogy 7 : 48 :: 11 : ? is 120.

Question 11

In the following analogy question on measuring instruments, pressure is related to barometer in the same way as which quantity is related to an odometer?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a conceptual analogy based on scientific instruments and the physical quantities they measure. The first pair relates pressure with barometer. In the second pair we are given the instrument odometer and have to identify the correct quantity from the options. Such questions test basic general knowledge of common instruments used in science and daily life and the reasoning ability to map a relation of type quantity to measuring device. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: Pressure : Barometer Second pair: ? : Odometer Options: Humidity, Distance, Thickness, Wind. We assume standard definitions of everyday instruments as used in general science. Concept / Approach: The relationship in the first pair is that a barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. Therefore the pattern can be described as physical quantity to measuring instrument. To keep the analogy consistent, the second pair must follow the same structure. We already have the instrument odometer, so we must find which quantity it measures. The answer must be the physical quantity most directly and primarily associated with an odometer. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the first pair. A barometer is an instrument designed specifically to measure atmospheric pressure. So the relation is "pressure is measured by barometer". Step 2: Recall the function of an odometer. An odometer is fitted in vehicles like cars, bikes, and cycles to record the distance travelled. Step 3: Translate this into the same pattern as the first pair. Here the quantity is distance and the instrument is odometer, so the relation is "distance is measured by odometer". Step 4: Check the options. Among humidity, distance, thickness, and wind, only distance is the primary quantity that an odometer records. Step 5: Conclude that the required word to complete the analogy is distance. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by simple knowledge checks. Humidity is measured by a hygrometer, not an odometer. Thickness may be measured by tools like micrometers or vernier calipers. Wind is measured in terms of speed by an anemometer, not by an odometer. On the other hand the odometer in a vehicle dashboard clearly shows how many kilometres or miles have been covered, which is exactly distance. Therefore the only correct mapping following the same pattern is distance : odometer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Humidity is related to a hygrometer and does not have a direct relationship with an odometer. Thickness and wind both relate to different measuring devices and do not match the pattern of the first pair. Choosing any of these would break the logical structure of quantity to its standard measuring instrument. Hence they are incorrect as analogy completions. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse odometer with speedometer. A speedometer measures the instantaneous speed of a vehicle, while an odometer accumulates the total distance travelled over time. This confusion can cause them to incorrectly link odometer with speed or velocity rather than distance. To avoid such errors it is important to associate each device with its main output reading as seen on dashboards and instruments in real life. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy Pressure : Barometer : : ? : Odometer is Distance.

Question 12

In the following letter analogy, AEDM is related to ZQRN. Using the same alphabetical pattern, FLMO is related to which of the following letter groups?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a non trivial letter analogy that focuses on positions of letters in the English alphabet and how pairs of letters can be related through sums of their positions. The first pair AEDM and ZQRN encodes a pattern that is not a simple uniform shift, so the learner needs to think in terms of complementary positions. Once this rule is discovered, the same pattern must be applied to the second group FLMO to obtain the missing term from the alternatives. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair of letter groups: AEDM : ZQRN Second first term: FLMO We must choose the group that stands in the same relation to FLMO as ZQRN stands to AEDM. We use A to Z mapped to positions 1 to 26. Concept / Approach: When a constant forward or backward shift does not explain the mapping between the two groups, another common idea is to look at sums of letter positions that equal a fixed total. For AEDM to ZQRN, if we pair letters position wise and add their positions, we notice that the sums follow a pattern. The first and fourth positions sum to 27, while the second and third positions sum to 22. This alternating sum rule is the key to unlocking the analogy. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert AEDM into positions. A is 1, E is 5, D is 4, and M is 13. Step 2: Convert ZQRN into positions. Z is 26, Q is 17, R is 18, and N is 14. Step 3: Add positions in each column. For the first letters, 1 + 26 = 27. For the second letters, 5 + 17 = 22. For the third letters, 4 + 18 = 22. For the fourth letters, 13 + 14 = 27. So the mapping is defined by sums of 27, 22, 22, and 27 at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Step 4: Apply the same sum pattern to FLMO. Convert FLMO to positions: F is 6, L is 12, M is 13, O is 15. Step 5: Find missing letters so that first and fourth positions sum to 27 and second and third positions sum to 22. For the first position, 6 + x = 27 gives x = 21, which is U. For the second position, 12 + x = 22 gives x = 10, which is J. For the third position, 13 + x = 22 gives x = 9, which is I. For the fourth position, 15 + x = 27 gives x = 12, which is L. Step 6: Combine these letters to get the related group UJIL. Verification / Alternative check: We can quickly verify that our constructed group UJIL indeed follows the same complement rule. For the new pair FLMO and UJIL the sums by position are: F (6) plus U (21) equals 27, L (12) plus J (10) equals 22, M (13) plus I (9) equals 22, and O (15) plus L (12) equals 27. This exactly mirrors the pattern seen in AEDM and ZQRN. None of the other options produce the required pair of sums and therefore they do not match the analogy structure. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option UQIL fails because L plus Q does not equal 22 and some position sums break the required values of 27 or 22. Option VJIM also gives incorrect sums when positions are added with FLMO. Option UJLM changes the order of letters so that the second and third position sums are no longer 22, which breaks the pattern. The question demands an exact replication of the sum pattern 27, 22, 22, 27, and only UJIL satisfies that requirement. Common Pitfalls: Many learners initially try simple constant shifts such as plus two or minus three and give up when these do not work. For harder letter analogies it is important to consider alternative relationships such as complementary positions adding to a fixed constant, symmetric positions around the middle of the alphabet, or patterns in the differences between letters. Another pitfall is checking only one or two positions instead of verifying the rule for all positions in the group. A robust solution always confirms the pattern column by column. Final Answer: Using the same complement pattern as in AEDM : ZQRN, the group of letters related to FLMO is UJIL.

Question 13

In the following number analogy, 243 is related to 578. Using the same pattern, 163 is related to which of the following numbers?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a digit based number analogy where we must observe how individual digits of the first number are transformed to obtain the second number. The pair 243 and 578 encodes a pattern that uses simple addition applied separately to each digit. We are asked to apply the same transformation to the number 163 and then choose the correct resulting number from the given alternatives. Such questions test attention to detail in place value and digit wise operations. Given Data / Assumptions: First number pair: 243 : 578 Second first term: 163 We need to find the second term in the same relation as 578 is to 243. We treat the numbers as three digit numbers with hundreds, tens, and units places. Concept / Approach: Instead of looking for a single formula connecting 243 to 578, it is often useful to compare corresponding digits. When we place 2, 4, 3 under 5, 7, 8 we notice the differences between each pair of digits. If the differences are consistent and simple, we can apply the same differences to the digits of 163. This is a common style of reasoning question where the transformation is applied place by place rather than to the whole number at once. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write the first pair in digit form. 243 has digits 2, 4, and 3. 578 has digits 5, 7, and 8. Step 2: Compare corresponding digits. From 2 to 5 the change is +3. From 4 to 7 the change is also +3. From 3 to 8 the change is +5. Step 3: Conclude the rule: add 3 to the first digit, add 3 to the second digit, and add 5 to the third digit of the number. Step 4: Apply this rule to the number 163. The first digit 1 becomes 1 + 3 = 4. The second digit 6 becomes 6 + 3 = 9. The third digit 3 becomes 3 + 5 = 8. Step 5: Combine the transformed digits to obtain the new number 498. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, apply the rule once more to the original pair. Starting from 243, adding 3 to the first digit gives 5, adding 3 to the second gives 7, and adding 5 to the third gives 8, which matches 578 exactly. The rule is therefore consistent with the given pair. For 163, we correctly obtained 498. Any different rule would either fail to produce 578 from 243 or would not give a clean mapping for 163. Thus 498 is the unique number that maintains the same digit wise transformation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Numbers like 291, 326, and 347 do not result from adding plus three, plus three, and plus five to the digits of 163. For example, 291 would require changes of plus one, minus seven, and plus eight, which do not match the pattern seen in the first pair. A proper analogy demands that one single rule works for both pairs. Since those alternative options would force a different inconsistent rule, they are incorrect. Only 498 preserves exactly the same transformations that connect 243 and 578. Common Pitfalls: A typical mistake is to search for a whole number formula such as multiplying 243 by a constant or adding a large fixed number. This often leads to fractional or inconsistent results. Another pitfall is to change the order of digits through reversal or rotation, which is not supported by the first pair. For digit based analogies, always try the simplest possibility first: compare digits one by one and look for constant additions or subtractions. This method usually reveals the intended pattern quickly. Final Answer: Following the same digit wise pattern as 243 : 578, the number related to 163 is 498.

Question 14

In the following question on letter series analogy, KLMN is related to IJKL in a certain way. Using the same alphabetical pattern, TUVW is related to which of the following letter groups?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This letter analogy problem is based on shifting letters backward in the alphabet. The first group KLMN changes to IJKL, and we must determine how the same type of change would apply to the second group TUVW. Such questions strengthen understanding of positional shifts within the English alphabet, an important foundation for many coding and decoding problems in aptitude tests. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair of letter groups: KLMN : IJKL Second first term: TUVW We use the English alphabet where A is 1 and Z is 26. We must pick the option that follows the same letter shift rule. Concept / Approach: The approach is to convert letters into their positions and then observe the change for each position. If the difference from each letter in KLMN to the corresponding letter in IJKL is constant, that difference becomes the rule. We can then apply the same difference to each letter of TUVW. This type of problem is usually based on a simple addition or subtraction like plus two or minus two. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert KLMN into positions. K is 11, L is 12, M is 13, and N is 14. Step 2: Convert IJKL into positions. I is 9, J is 10, K is 11, and L is 12. Step 3: Compute the differences. From K to I the change is 11 minus 2 equals 9. From L to J the change is 12 minus 2 equals 10. From M to K the change is 13 minus 2 equals 11. From N to L the change is 14 minus 2 equals 12. So the rule is to subtract 2 from each letter position. Step 4: Apply the same rule to TUVW. Positions: T is 20, U is 21, V is 22, W is 23. Step 5: Subtract 2 from each. T minus 2 is 18 which is R. U minus 2 is 19 which is S. V minus 2 is 20 which is T. W minus 2 is 21 which is U. Step 6: Combine the resulting letters to form RSTU. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by quickly checking the final result against the options. RSTU appears as one of the given choices and is produced by a clean and consistent minus two shift applied to each letter. Any other option would require different shifts that do not match the original mapping from KLMN to IJKL. Thus the analogy remains valid only if we select RSTU as the correct related group. Why Other Options Are Wrong: RSUT changes the internal order of letters and does not correspond to a uniform minus two shift. VWXY is actually a forward continuation from TUVW and would require a plus one rule, which contradicts the minus two transformation seen in the first pair. STUV leaves one letter unchanged and alters the pattern, again failing to match the systematic shift. Therefore these options are inconsistent with the rule discovered from the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes focus only on the first letter and ignore the rest, which can lead to incorrect guesses such as picking an option with R at the start but not verifying the sequence. Another mistake is to confuse minus one and minus two shifts due to mental calculation errors. It is important to check each letter one by one and ensure the same operation applies uniformly. Writing down positions on paper often helps avoid such mistakes. Final Answer: Using the same rule as KLMN : IJKL, the group of letters related to TUVW is RSTU.

Question 15

In the following number analogy, 3 is related to 27 in a certain way. Using the same numerical pattern, 4 is related to which of the following numbers?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a basic number analogy that tests knowledge of cubes. The pair 3 and 27 is a strong hint because 27 is a well known cube. The task is to recognise the cube relationship and then apply it to the number 4. Such questions are common in quantitative aptitude sections and help learners become quicker at identifying powers of small integers. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 3 : 27 Second first term: 4 We must find a number that stands in the same relation to 4 as 27 does to 3. We work with standard integer powers. Concept / Approach: The key observation is that 27 equals 3 raised to the power 3, that is 3^3. In many reasoning questions the mapping from one number to another involves squaring or cubing. If 27 is 3^3, then we suspect that the second term is the cube of the first term. We will apply this idea to 4 and check which option matches 4^3. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute the cube of 3. We have 3 * 3 * 3 = 27. Step 2: Observe that the second term 27 is exactly 3^3. This suggests the rule: second number equals the cube of the first number. Step 3: Apply the same rule to the number 4. Compute 4 * 4 * 4. Step 4: 4 * 4 = 16 and 16 * 4 = 64, so 4^3 equals 64. Step 5: Identify the option that equals 64. This is option 64. Verification / Alternative check: Verify that no other common power pattern fits as neatly. 3 squared is 9, which would not produce 27 by any simple one step operation. However 3 cubed is 27 exactly. Applying the same idea to 4 gives 4 cubed equal to 64, which appears in the options. There is no need for any additional constants or extra arithmetic. The clean match of the cube pattern confirms that the correct related number is 64. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option 63 is near 64 but does not represent a simple cube of an integer, so it fails the analogy. Option 15 would correspond to 3 multiplied by 5, which is unrelated to the original pair. Option 65 is also close numerically but would not arise from cubing 4 or from any symmetric cube based rule for 3 and 4 together. Therefore all alternatives except 64 break the simple pattern of n^3. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes students are tempted by numbers that are numerically close to the correct answer, such as 63 or 65 here. This usually happens when they guess based on rough estimation instead of recognising the exact operation. To avoid this, always compute small integer squares and cubes explicitly and compare them with the option list. Over time, memorising cubes up to at least 10 helps in quickly solving such analogy questions. Final Answer: The number that completes the analogy 3 : 27 :: 4 : ? is 64.

Question 16

In the following word analogy, Jailor is related to Prison in a certain way. Using the same type of relationship, Curator is related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question tests vocabulary and knowledge of occupations and places. The pair Jailor and Prison represents a relationship between a person and the place where that person works or exercises authority. We must find a similar relationship for Curator. Analogy questions like this check whether candidates can see the semantic link instead of focusing only on surface word similarity. Given Data / Assumptions: Given pair: Jailor : Prison Query pair: Curator : ? Options: Cell, Museum, Warden, Cure. We assume standard meanings from everyday English usage. Concept / Approach: A jailor is a person responsible for guarding prisoners and managing security in a prison. So the relationship can be expressed as person in charge and place of responsibility. A curator is also a person with a specific professional role. We need to recall where a curator typically works. By matching this with the given choices, we can identify the correct analogous place. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Understand the first pair. Jailor is an officer who manages prisoners and the overall functioning of a prison. Step 2: Express the relation in words: the jailor works in or is in charge of a prison. Step 3: Recall the meaning of curator. A curator is a professional who takes care of a collection of artworks, historical objects, or scientific exhibits. Step 4: Identify the usual workplace of a curator. Such collections are typically maintained in a museum. Step 5: Translate this into the same structure: curator is associated with museum in the same way that jailor is associated with prison. Verification / Alternative check: Let us briefly review each option. A cell is a small room in a jail where prisoners are kept. It is part of a prison, not something that defines where a curator works. Museum, on the other hand, is exactly the place where a curator manages collections and exhibitions. Warden is another person in authority, often linked to a prison or hostel, and therefore does not represent a place. Cure is a noun or verb related to health and has no direct connection with the profession of a curator. Therefore only Museum gives the correct person to workplace relation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Cell is related to prison but it represents a smaller unit rather than the overall workplace, and it is not associated with curator. Warden is a person and would give a person to person relationship instead of person to place, so it breaks the analogy pattern. Cure is semantically unrelated to the role of a curator. Hence none of these preserve the person and workplace mapping established by the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Many learners may be distracted by warden because it appears in the context of prisons and authority figures, just like a jailor. However the analogy demands the same type of relation, not simply words from the same theme. The correct method is to first describe the relation for the given pair in a clear sentence and then check which option can complete a sentence of the same form for the second pair. This approach prevents confusion caused by thematic but structurally incorrect choices. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy Jailor : Prison :: Curator : ? is Museum.

Question 17

In the following pair analogy, FED is related to IHG. Using the same pattern, which of the following pairs of letters correctly completes the analogy ? : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests understanding of letter based analogies involving a constant shift in alphabet positions. The pair FED and IHG shows how each letter of the first group changes to produce the second group. We must identify another pair from the options that follows the same rule. Such problems are common in reasoning tests and help develop quick mental mapping between letters and their positions. Given Data / Assumptions: Given pair: FED : IHG We must find another pair X : Y from the options that shows the same relationship. Options include different pairs of three letter groups. We use English alphabet positions from A equal to 1 to Z equal to 26. Concept / Approach: The natural approach is to convert letters to their numeric positions, compute the difference from each letter in the first group to the corresponding letter in the second group, and see whether the difference is the same. If the difference is constant for all letters, we have found the transformation rule. Then we will scan the options to find another pair where the second group is obtained by applying the same numeric shift to the first group. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write positions for FED. F is 6, E is 5, D is 4. Step 2: Write positions for IHG. I is 9, H is 8, G is 7. Step 3: Compute the differences. From F (6) to I (9) the change is plus 3. From E (5) to H (8) the change is plus 3. From D (4) to G (7) the change is also plus 3. Step 4: Conclude that the rule is "add 3 positions" to each letter of the first group to obtain the second group. Step 5: Check option TSR : WVU. Positions for TSR are T equal to 20, S equal to 19, R equal to 18. Positions for WVU are W equal to 23, V equal to 22, U equal to 21. The changes are 20 to 23 plus 3, 19 to 22 plus 3, and 18 to 21 plus 3. So this option perfectly follows the same rule. Verification / Alternative check: Verify other options quickly. For ACB : GUV, A to G is plus 6, C to U is plus 18, B to V is plus 20, so the shift is not constant. For VUK : LMO, V to L requires wrapping and does not give a consistent plus 3 across all letters. For DEF : IGH, D to I is plus 5, E to G is plus 2, and F to H is plus 2, so again the changes do not match the required plus 3. Only TSR : WVU shows a uniform addition of 3 for every letter, which is required for a valid analogous pair. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Each incorrect option fails because the difference between first and second group letters is not the same across all three positions. Either the shift varies or some letters require wrapping around the alphabet in inconsistent ways. Since the original pair clearly uses the simple rule of adding three to every letter, any deviation from this rule breaks the analogy and makes the option invalid. Common Pitfalls: Examinees sometimes glance quickly and see that the letters in the second group look similar or close to those in the first group and then guess without calculating exact differences. This habit leads to picking options where the shift is mixed. To avoid this, always compute numeric positions and verify that the same operation works for every letter. A systematic method, even for simple looking questions, prevents careless errors. Final Answer: The pair of letters that correctly completes the analogy FED : IHG :: ? : ? is TSR : WVU.

Question 18

In the following number analogy, 9 is related to 25 in a particular way. Using the same pattern, 49 is related to which of the following numbers?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy uses perfect squares of odd numbers. The pair 9 and 25 are themselves squares, and they correspond to consecutive odd integers. We must see how 49 fits into the same pattern and select the correct related number from the choices. Recognising square numbers and relationships between them is a fundamental skill for numerical reasoning. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: 9 : 25 Second first term: 49 We must find the number related to 49 in the same way that 25 is related to 9. All numbers are non negative integers. Concept / Approach: First observe that 9 is 3^2 and 25 is 5^2. Here 3 and 5 are consecutive odd numbers. Another way to see the relation is that between 3 and 5 the difference is 2, and we are mapping the square of a smaller odd number to the square of the next odd number. Therefore the rule may be described as: square of one odd number is related to square of the next odd number in the sequence. We will find which odd number squared gives 49 and then map to the next odd number. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Express 9 as a square. 9 = 3^2. Step 2: Express 25 as a square. 25 = 5^2. Step 3: Note that 3 and 5 are consecutive odd numbers with difference 2. Step 4: Express 49 as a square. 49 = 7^2, where 7 is also an odd number. Step 5: The next odd number after 7 is 9. Its square is 9^2 = 81. Step 6: Conclude that 49 should be related to 81 to match the pattern. Verification / Alternative check: We can summarise the pattern as "square of an odd number n is related to square of the odd number n plus 2". In the first pair, n is 3, so 3^2 : 5^2 becomes 9 : 25. In the second pair, n is 7, so 7^2 : 9^2 becomes 49 : 81. No other simple interpretation of the relation between 9 and 25 fits as smoothly with 49 and one of the options. Therefore 81 is the only consistent and correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Numbers 36 and 64 are squares of even integers (6^2 and 8^2 respectively), and they do not preserve the odd square to next odd square pattern. Number 54 is not even a perfect square, so it does not match the structure of the first pair. Since the relation clearly involves consecutive odd squares, selecting any of these alternatives would break the analogy. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to focus only on numerical closeness, picking a number that "looks near" 49 without checking the exact role of squares. Some learners may also confuse arithmetic progressions with squares and try to apply linear differences. To handle such questions efficiently, it is useful to memorise squares of small integers and pay attention to whether given numbers are perfect squares or cubes. Final Answer: The number that completes the analogy 9 : 25 :: 49 : ? is 81.

Question 19

In the following sports equipment analogy, Hockey is related to Stick in a certain way. Using the same relationship, Boxing is related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy checks knowledge of sports and the primary equipment used to play them. The pair Hockey and Stick describes the essential item required by a player during a hockey match. We must now find the essential equipment for Boxing from the given options. This type of question examines general awareness and the ability to map a sport to its characteristic gear. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair: Hockey : Stick Second sport: Boxing Options: Bat, Ball, Sword, Gloves. We assume standard forms of the sports as played in common practice. Concept / Approach: In the first pair, the relation is clearly between a game and its primary piece of equipment. A hockey player uses a stick to hit the ball and play the game. In the same way, a boxer uses a specific item of equipment which defines safe and regulated play. We must choose the option that names this main item for boxing. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Restate the first relation: Hockey is played using a Stick as the main piece of equipment held by the player. Step 2: Identify the sport in the second pair, which is Boxing. Step 3: Recall what boxers wear or use that is central to the sport. Boxers wear padded gloves to strike opponents safely and within the rules. Step 4: Compare options. Bat is linked to cricket or baseball. Ball is common to many games like football or basketball. Sword belongs to fencing or combat sports using blades. Step 5: Gloves are the main and defining equipment in boxing, so they mirror the relation of stick to hockey. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by checking if each sport would sound correct paired with the given item. We say hockey stick, cricket bat, tennis ball, and boxing gloves. The phrases hockey bat or boxing ball are clearly incorrect in usual usage. Thus Hockey : Stick has a natural linguistic parallel in Boxing : Gloves, which confirms the relationship game to key equipment. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Bat is not used in boxing and therefore does not form a meaningful pair with it. Ball is not the principal equipment in boxing, which focuses on striking rather than kicking or throwing a ball. Sword is used in fencing or martial arts, not in modern boxing. These options might be tempting only if one ignores the specific association between each item and its sport, but they do not preserve the given pattern. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may overthink and imagine rare or unusual variations of sports. In standard aptitude questions, however, always use the conventional form of the game unless stated otherwise. Another pitfall is to be distracted by items that are common in many sports, like a ball, instead of focusing on the sport specific piece of equipment such as stick for hockey or gloves for boxing. Final Answer: The correct completion of the analogy Hockey : Stick :: Boxing : ? is Gloves.

Question 20

In the following letter analogy, FS is related to LY in a certain way. Using the same alphabetical pattern, IV is related to which of the following letter pairs?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question involves a simple but important letter analogy based on adding a fixed number to the positions of letters in the alphabet. The pair FS and LY reveals a transformation rule that must be applied to IV to find the correct related pair. Being comfortable with letter positions and constant shifts is crucial for many codes and analogies in verbal reasoning sections. Given Data / Assumptions: First pair of letter groups: FS : LY Second first term: IV We work with English alphabet positions A equal to 1 through Z equal to 26. We need the same transformation that maps FS to LY to map IV to the correct option. Concept / Approach: The usual approach is to convert both FS and LY into their numeric positions and examine the difference between corresponding letters. If we get a constant increment or decrement, that becomes the rule. Then we will apply this shift to the letters I and V. Since we are dealing with two letter groups, the same shift should apply to both letters independently. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert FS to positions. F is 6 and S is 19. Step 2: Convert LY to positions. L is 12 and Y is 25. Step 3: Find the change from F to L. The difference is 12 minus 6, which equals plus 6. Step 4: Find the change from S to Y. The difference is 25 minus 19, which also equals plus 6. Step 5: Conclude that the rule is to add 6 to the position of each letter in the pair. Step 6: Apply the same rule to IV. Positions: I is 9 and V is 22. Step 7: Add 6 to each. I plus 6 gives 15, which is O. V plus 6 gives 28, which wraps around the alphabet as 2 (since 28 minus 26 equals 2), corresponding to letter B. Step 8: Combine these letters to obtain OB. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify the wraparound step separately. After Z which has position 26, we start again at A as 1, B as 2, and so on. So position 28 is the same as position 2, which is B. Thus I goes to O and V goes to B under the plus six rule. The original mapping from F to L and from S to Y also matches this rule. Therefore FS : LY and IV : OB follow the same alphabetic transformation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option GT would require subtracting 2 from each letter of IV, which does not match the plus six rule found from FS to LY. Option HS uses mixed changes which are not constant. Option TZ likewise does not result from adding six to I and V because I plus six is not T and V plus six is not Z without an inconsistent adjustment. Since the analogy demands a single consistent rule, all these alternatives are incorrect. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is ignoring the circular nature of the alphabet and assuming that adding a number that exceeds 26 is impossible. Another mistake is to focus only on the first letter mapping and not confirm the transformation for the second letter. To solve such questions reliably, always compute numeric positions, apply the rule carefully, and handle wraparound by subtracting 26 when the position exceeds 26. Final Answer: The pair of letters that completes the analogy FS : LY :: IV : ? is OB.

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