Question 1

In this unit analogy, “Current is to Ampere as ______ is to ______”. Select the physical quantity and its SI unit that follow the same relationship as electric current and ampere.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy involves physics concepts and SI units. The pair “Current : Ampere” links a physical quantity (electric current) with its standard SI unit (ampere). We must select another pair where the first term is a well known physical quantity and the second term is its correct SI unit, creating an analogous relationship. Given Data / Assumptions: • Known pair: Current → Ampere. • Unknown pair: ? → ? • Options: Air : Kilogram, Work : Joule, Pressure : Speed, Temperature : Metre. • We assume standard SI units used in basic physics: ampere for current, joule for work, pascal for pressure, kelvin for temperature, and metre for length. Concept / Approach: The central idea is “physical quantity : its SI unit”. Electric current is measured in amperes. For the analogy to hold, the second pair must follow “another physical quantity : its own SI unit”. We review each option to see which one correctly matches. Many options deliberately pair a quantity with an incorrect or unrelated unit to test conceptual clarity. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the first relationship. Electric current is a physical quantity that we measure using the SI unit ampere (symbol A). Step 2: Examine each option. Air : Kilogram – air is a mixture of gases; kilogram is a unit of mass, not a specific SI unit dedicated to air. Work : Joule – work is a physical quantity; its SI unit is the joule (symbol J), which equals newton metre. Pressure : Speed – pressure and speed are both physical quantities; neither is a unit of the other. Temperature : Metre – temperature is measured in kelvin (or degrees Celsius in everyday use), not in metres, which measure length. Step 3: Only Work : Joule matches the pattern “quantity : correct SI unit”. Verification / Alternative check: We can write out the valid SI pairs: current–ampere, work–joule, pressure–pascal, temperature–kelvin, length–metre. The only combination in the options that appears exactly as a valid SI pair is work–joule. Air–kilogram is not a standard physical quantity–unit pair and the other options mix distinct quantities or mismatched units. This confirms that work : joule is the correct parallel to current : ampere. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Air : Kilogram – kilogram measures mass; air is not a specific physical quantity defined by kilogram alone. • Pressure : Speed – both are quantities, so the second is not a unit of the first; they cannot stand in the same relation. • Temperature : Metre – metre measures length, not temperature, which breaks the quantity–unit relationship. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes overlook the requirement that the second word must be a unit, not another quantity. Another common error is confusing everyday associations (for example, thinking of air and kilograms in terms of weight) with formal SI definitions. Keeping a short mental list of core SI pairs helps quickly identify the only option here that fits: work and joule. Final Answer: The correct related pair is Work : Joule.

Question 2

In this number analogy, “43 is to 70 as 94 is to ______”. Select the number that completes the pattern so that the same arithmetic rule applies to both pairs.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question uses a consistent arithmetic difference between each pair of numbers. We are given 43 : 70 and must extend the pattern to 94 : ?. Identifying the exact operation that converts 43 into 70 allows us to apply the same operation to 94 and choose the correct answer from the options. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: 43 maps to 70. • Second pair: 94 maps to an unknown number. • Options: 121, 134, 144, 169. • We assume a single consistent arithmetic pattern (most likely addition) connects each pair. Concept / Approach: The simplest approach is to compute the difference between 43 and 70. If the difference is constant and can be applied to 94 to produce one of the answer choices, we have likely found the intended rule. This question appears to use a direct addition rule rather than a more complicated combination of operations, which is typical for this level of analogy. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Determine the difference between 43 and 70. 70 − 43 = 27, so the rule can be interpreted as “add 27”. Step 2: Apply the same rule to 94. 94 + 27 = 121. Step 3: Confirm that 121 appears in the options. It is given as option A. Step 4: No other option arises from adding 27 to 94, so 121 is uniquely determined by this pattern. Verification / Alternative check: Suppose we tried another pattern, such as relating the digits of 43 to form 70 (for example, using sums or products of digits). None of these attempts produce 70 cleanly while also giving a value for 94 that matches any option elegantly. The addition of 27, by contrast, is straightforward and consistent across both pairs and leads directly to an answer that is a well known perfect square (11^2 = 121), a common feature in exam questions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • 134: This would require adding 40 to 94, but 70 is not 43 + 40, so the pattern breaks. • 144: This would require adding 50 to 94, which again is inconsistent with the earlier difference of 27. • 169: This corresponds to adding 75 to 94 and does not match the addition used in the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes search for an overcomplicated rule, such as mixing digit sums and squares, especially when options include several perfect squares. However, always check whether a simple arithmetic difference can explain both pairs. Here, the constant +27 rule works neatly, and 121 is the only option that fits this pattern. Final Answer: The number that completes the analogy is 121.

Question 3

In this geography analogy, “Maharashtra is to India as Texas is to ______”. Choose the country to which Texas belongs, mirroring the state to country relationship in the first pair.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy is based on political geography and administrative divisions. Maharashtra is a state within the country India. We must identify the country to which Texas belongs in order to maintain the same “state : country” relationship. Such questions test general knowledge about world geography and basic political units. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: Maharashtra → India. • Second pair: Texas → ? • Options: Canada, Mexico, Brazil, USA. • Maharashtra is well known as a state of India, with Mumbai as its capital. Concept / Approach: The first term in each pair is a subnational division (a state), and the second term is the sovereign country in which that state lies. Maharashtra is one of the constituent states of the Republic of India. We must recall the country that contains Texas. Texas is one of the states in the United States of America (USA). Therefore, the correct pair is Texas : USA. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the relationship in the first pair. Maharashtra is not a country; it is a state within India. Step 2: Recognise that the pattern is “state : country”. Step 3: Determine the status of Texas. It is a state in North America, famous for cities like Houston, Dallas, and Austin. Step 4: Recall Texas’s country. Texas is one of the 50 states of the United States of America. Step 5: Match this with the options. Only USA correctly names the country that contains Texas. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by checking each distractor. Canada is a separate country to the north of the USA; Texas is not part of Canada. Mexico lies to the south of Texas but Texas is not a Mexican state. Brazil is a large country in South America and has no relation to Texas. Only the USA matches the political map where Texas is a constituent state. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • Canada: A neighbouring country of the USA, but Texas lies to the south of the USA and shares a border with Mexico, not with Canada. • Mexico: Shares a border with Texas, but Texas is not within Mexico; rather, it is a state of the USA. • Brazil: Located in South America, with no administrative connection to Texas. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes candidates confuse geographic neighbours with political membership, thinking that because Texas borders Mexico, it might be associated with Mexico. However, analogy questions require the same type of relationship: state belongs to country. Keeping clear the distinction between adjacency and jurisdiction helps avoid this error. Final Answer: The country that correctly completes the analogy is USA.

Question 4

In this number analogy, “60 is to 36 as 100 is to ______”. Choose the number that completes the pair using the same numerical relationship seen in 60 and 36.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy relies on recognising how the right hand number is derived from the left hand number by using its digits. For the pair 60 : 36, we can interpret 60 as a product of two integers and then see how 36 is formed from those same digits or factors. We must apply the same construction to 100 and select the appropriate result from the options. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: 60 ↔ 36. • Second pair: 100 ↔ ? • Options: 100, 10000, 516, 1000. • We notice that 60 can be viewed as 6 × 10, suggesting a pattern involving the digits 6 and 0. Concept / Approach: A neat way to interpret the pair is: 60 is 6 × 10, and 36 is 6². In other words, the first number can be seen as (a × b) while the second is a², where a is one of the digits or factors. If this rule is applied to 100, which can be written as 10 × 10, then the corresponding right hand number should be 10², that is, 100. This preserves the factor-square relationship from the first pair. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Express 60 as a product: 60 = 6 × 10. Step 2: Observe that the right side 36 is equal to 6² (6 × 6). Step 3: Interpret the pattern as “take the left factor and square it”. Step 4: Apply this idea to 100. We can write 100 as 10 × 10, where 10 is the repeating factor. Step 5: Square the factor 10. We get 10² = 100. Step 6: So, under this rule, 100 should correspond to 100, which is available as option A. Verification / Alternative check: We can restate the rule: for a number that can be expressed as a × 10, the corresponding partner is a². For 60, a = 6, giving 36. For 100, a is effectively 10, giving 10² = 100. None of the other options—10000, 516, or 1000—arise naturally from this pattern. Also, 10000 would be 100², which would be consistent only if the first number were 1000 expressed differently, so it does not fit the original 60 : 36 transformation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • 10000: This equals 100², not 10², so it does not follow the same exponent rule applied to 60. • 516: Not related to 100 by any simple square or factor rule consistent with the first pair. • 1000: Would be 10³, which suggests a cube, whereas the original example uses a square. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates search for a direct percentage pattern, noting that 36 is 60 per cent of 60, and then try to apply 60 per cent to 100, which would give 60. But 60 is not among the options. The exam question is designed to encourage factor and square recognition rather than percentages. Focusing on how 36 and 60 share the digit 6 as a base for squaring reveals the intended pattern clearly. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 100.

Question 5

In this letter analogy, “IJK is to RQP as TUV is to ______”. Select the group of letters that results from applying the same mirror transformation used in the first pair.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy uses an alphabet mirror or reflection rule, similar to other coding problems. The pair “IJK : RQP” suggests a transformation that involves mapping each letter to a corresponding letter on the opposite side of the alphabet. We must apply the same transformation to “TUV” and select the correct resulting group from the options. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: IJK → RQP. • Second term: TUV → ? • Options: CDE, YZZ, GFE, DCB. • We use the standard alphabet positions A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. • Reflection is typically defined by the rule that a letter and its mirror sum to 27 (A + Z, B + Y, etc.). Concept / Approach: We test whether RQP is simply the reflection of IJK in the alphabet. If I reflects to R, J to Q, and K to P under the mirror rule, then we can apply the same reflection to the letters T, U, and V. This will yield the corresponding group that should replace the question mark. Once we find the reflected sequence numerically, we then match it with one of the options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm reflection for the first pair. I is 9; 27 − 9 = 18 → R. J is 10; 27 − 10 = 17 → Q. K is 11; 27 − 11 = 16 → P. Thus, IJK becomes RQP by reflecting each letter across the alphabet. Step 2: Apply the same reflection to TUV. T is 20; 27 − 20 = 7 → G. U is 21; 27 − 21 = 6 → F. V is 22; 27 − 22 = 5 → E. Step 3: The resulting letters are G F E (GFE). Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by reversing the reflection. Reflecting GFE again should return TUV. G is 7; 27 − 7 = 20 → T. F is 6; 27 − 6 = 21 → U. E is 5; 27 − 5 = 22 → V. This exact reversibility confirms that the mapping is correct and that GFE is the proper analog of TUV under the rule defined by IJK → RQP. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • CDE: C (3), D (4), E (5) are not the reflections of T (20), U (21), V (22) and do not follow the mirror formula. • YZZ: Contains repeated Z and does not correspond to consistent reflections of T, U, and V. • DCB: Although it is a reversed sequence, it is unrelated to the reflected positions of T, U, and V. Common Pitfalls: Some test takers confuse simple reversal (writing letters backwards) with full alphabet reflection. RQP is not just JKI reversed; it is formed by mapping to mirror positions. Always check the numeric positions to distinguish between reversal and reflection. Once the reflection idea is clear, applying it to TUV makes GFE the obvious answer. Final Answer: The correct related letter group is GFE.

Question 6

In this number analogy, “95 is to 105 as 89 is to ______”. Select the number that stands at the same distance from 100 as 89 does, mirroring the symmetric relationship in the first pair.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This number analogy is based on symmetry around a central reference value, which here is 100. The pair “95 : 105” consists of two numbers equidistant from 100, one below and one above. We must find a number that is similarly placed with respect to 100 for the second pair, where 89 is given on one side. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: 95 and 105. • Second pair: 89 and ? • Options: 109, 809, 111, 98. • The central reference 100 is implied by how 95 and 105 are arranged around it. Concept / Approach: Notice that 95 is 5 less than 100, and 105 is 5 more than 100. Thus, 95 and 105 are symmetric around 100. In the second pair, 89 is 11 less than 100. To preserve the same kind of symmetry, we must select a number that is 11 more than 100. This kind of reasoning is common in number analogies involving a central “pivot” value like 0, 50, or 100. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Compute the difference between 95 and 100. 100 − 95 = 5, so 95 is 5 units below 100. Step 2: Check 105 relative to 100. 105 − 100 = 5, so 105 is 5 units above 100. The pair (95, 105) is symmetric about 100. Step 3: Compute the difference between 89 and 100. 100 − 89 = 11, so 89 is 11 units below 100. Step 4: To preserve symmetry, we need a number 11 units above 100. That number is 100 + 11 = 111. Step 5: Check the options; 111 appears as option C. Verification / Alternative check: We can represent the pattern with a simple formula. For the first pair, 95 = 100 − 5 and 105 = 100 + 5. For the second pair, we should have 89 = 100 − 11 and the unknown number = 100 + 11 = 111. This gives a neat symmetric structure: (100 − x, 100 + x). No other option—109, 809, or 98—fits this pattern for x = 11. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • 109: 109 − 100 = 9, so it is not equally distant from 100 as 89 is; the symmetry breaks. • 809: Far away from 100 and clearly not a symmetric partner for 89. • 98: This lies below 100, so both numbers (89 and 98) would be on the same side of 100, which does not mirror the first pair. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates try to look for constant differences like +10 or digit based manipulations, overlooking the central idea of symmetry around 100. Whenever you see pairs like 95 and 105, 45 and 55, or −3 and +3, check for this symmetric pattern. Once recognised, the correct partner for 89 becomes immediately clear as 111. Final Answer: The number that correctly completes the analogy is 111.

Question 7

In this number analogy, “357 is to 714 as 468 is to ______”. Identify the number that completes the analogy using the same multiplication pattern applied in the first pair.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a simple numeric analogy where one number is an exact multiple of the other. For the pair 357 : 714, the second number is clearly related to the first by a simple multiplication. We need to discover that rule and then apply it to 468 to find the missing term in the second pair. Given Data / Assumptions: • First pair: 357 corresponds to 714. • Second pair: 468 corresponds to ? • Options: 579, 417, 936, 864. • We suspect direct multiplication by a small integer such as 2. Concept / Approach: Checking for a factor of 2 is an obvious first step because 714 is exactly twice 357. That is, 357 * 2 = 714. If the pattern is simply “multiply by 2”, then we apply the same rule to 468 and check which option matches the result. This style of analogy helps to verify basic multiplication and scaling skills with three digit numbers. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Verify the relationship between 357 and 714. Compute 357 * 2. 300 * 2 = 600, 50 * 2 = 100, and 7 * 2 = 14. Adding gives 600 + 100 + 14 = 714. So 714 = 2 × 357. Step 2: Apply the same rule to 468. Compute 468 * 2. 400 * 2 = 800, 60 * 2 = 120, and 8 * 2 = 16. Adding gives 800 + 120 + 16 = 936. Step 3: Compare 936 with the options. It appears as option C. Verification / Alternative check: We can express the pattern as y = 2x. For x = 357, y = 714. For x = 468, y = 936. None of the other options is equal to 2 × 468. For example, 579 is far smaller, and 864 equals 3 × 288, not directly related to 468 by a factor of exactly 2. This confirms that 936 alone preserves the simple doubling pattern. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • 579: This is not an integer multiple of 468 that mirrors the original 2× pattern. • 417: Less than the original number 468, so it cannot be a “times 2” result. • 864: While 864 is 2 × 432, it is not 2 × 468; thus it does not follow the same rule as 357 : 714. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may over search for patterns in the digits (for example, trying to add or rearrange digits), but the cleanest explanation uses direct multiplication. Whenever one number is exactly twice another, doubling is almost always the intended pattern. Recognising this quickly saves time and reduces the chance of overcomplicating the problem. Final Answer: The number that completes the analogy is 936.

Question 8

In this letter pair analogy, “EFG is to GHI as ______ is to ______”. Choose the pair from the options that follows the same forward alphabet shift pattern as EFG to GHI.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests recognition of a consistent alphabet shift applied to groups of letters. We are given the example “EFG : GHI” and must identify which option pair exhibits the same transformation. Such problems are common in reasoning tests where groups of letters are shifted uniformly forward or backward by a fixed number of positions. Given Data / Assumptions: • Example pair: EFG → GHI. • Options: RFH : THJ, NPS : OQT, LAN : JYL, TOP : QLM. • We use alphabet positions A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. • We expect a constant shift, likely +2, since E to G and F to H suggest moving forward by two positions. Concept / Approach: We first determine the exact shift that takes EFG to GHI. If each letter is moved forward by +2 in the alphabet, we then test each option pair to find which pair uses the same +2 shift consistently for all corresponding letters. The correct pair will have first term letters that, when each is increased by 2, yield the letters of the second term. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert EFG and GHI to positions. E = 5, F = 6, G = 7; G = 7, H = 8, I = 9. Step 2: Check the shifts. 5 → 7: +2, 6 → 8: +2, 7 → 9: +2. So, the rule is “add 2 to each letter”. Step 3: Test option A: RFH : THJ. R = 18 → T = 20 (+2); F = 6 → H = 8 (+2); H = 8 → J = 10 (+2). This pair perfectly follows the +2 shift rule. Step 4: Briefly test other options. NPS : OQT uses mostly +1 shifts and is therefore inconsistent. LAN : JYL and TOP : QLM do not maintain a constant +2 shift across all letters. Step 5: Conclude that RFH : THJ is the only pair that matches the pattern of EFG : GHI. Verification / Alternative check: We can verify by reversing the transformation in option A. Subtracting 2 from each letter in THJ gives R (20 − 2), F (8 − 2), and H (10 − 2), reconstructing RFH. This shows that the same reversible +2 operation is being used, exactly like in the example pair where GHI – 2 = EFG. No other option pair exhibits such clean reversibility with a fixed shift of +2. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • NPS : OQT – shifts are not +2 for all positions; some are +1. • LAN : JYL – involves a mixture of shifts and does not mirror a consistent +2 pattern. • TOP : QLM – again, no uniform +2 relationship from the first group to the second. Common Pitfalls: Candidates may focus on only the first letter of each option pair and ignore discrepancies in the remaining letters. However, a correct analogy requires that the same rule apply to all positions. Always check each letter in the group, not just the first, before deciding that an option matches the example pattern. Final Answer: The related letter pair that matches the pattern is RFH : THJ.

Question 9

In this number pair analogy, “3 is to 9 as ______ is to ______”. Choose the pair from the options that follows the same square relationship as 3 and 9.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This number analogy is based on the operation of squaring. The pair “3 : 9” relates 3 to its square, because 3² = 9. We must find which of the given pairs exhibits the same relationship between the first number and the second. Recognising simple exponent patterns like squares is crucial in basic quantitative reasoning. Given Data / Assumptions: • Example pair: 3 → 9, where 9 = 3². • Options: 4 : 11, 5 : 31, 7 : 57, 7 : 49. • We assume the relationship is “second number = first number squared” unless evidence suggests otherwise. Concept / Approach: We test each option by squaring the first number and checking if the result matches the second number. For the correct analogy, the second term in the pair must be exactly equal to the square of the first term. Numbers like 11, 31, and 57 are not squares of small integers, while 49 is a well known square of 7, which suggests it may be the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Confirm the pattern in the example. 3² = 3 * 3 = 9; so the rule is “square the first number”. Step 2: Check each option. Option A: 4² = 16, not 11, so 4 : 11 does not follow the pattern. Option B: 5² = 25, not 31, so 5 : 31 is incorrect. Option C: 7² = 49, not 57, so 7 : 57 is also incorrect. Option D: 7² = 49, which matches exactly the second number in 7 : 49. Step 3: Therefore, 7 : 49 is the only pair that displays the same square relationship as 3 : 9. Verification / Alternative check: We can express the analogy as “a : a²”. The example is 3 : 3². For the correct option, we need some integer a such that the pair is a : a². Among the options, only a = 7 produces a² that is present as the second term (49). This reaffirms that 7 : 49 is the correct matching pair. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • 4 : 11 – 11 is not 4² (16), so the pattern fails. • 5 : 31 – 31 is not 5² (25); it also is not close to a square. • 7 : 57 – 57 is not 7² (49); there is no simple square relation. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates look for differences or other arithmetic operations instead of first checking the obvious possibility of a square. When a small integer is matched with a slightly larger number like 9, 16, or 25, always test for squared relationships. Recognising that 49 is 7² immediately points to 7 : 49 as the correct answer. Final Answer: The pair that correctly completes the analogy is 7 : 49.

Question 10

In this letter pair analogy, “MRQ is to PUT as ______ is to ______”. Choose the option where the second group is formed from the first by the same alphabet shift used in MRQ to get PUT.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy uses a constant shift in the alphabet to transform one group of letters into another. The example pair is “MRQ : PUT”. We must determine the exact shift pattern and then select the option where the same shift is applied from the first group of letters to the second. This tests letter coding skills and attention to consistent position changes. Given Data / Assumptions: • Example: MRQ → PUT. • Options: NOT : MNS, FRY : IUB, PEG : RGI, SAP : QYN. • Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. • We expect a single constant shift (likely +3) applied to each letter. Concept / Approach: We compare the positions of M, R, and Q with those of P, U, and T. If the difference is the same for all three letters, we have identified the transformation rule. We then test each option pair to see which one uses that very rule between its first and second groups. The correct pair will be the one where every corresponding letter is shifted by the same amount as in MRQ → PUT. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Convert MRQ and PUT to numeric positions. M = 13, R = 18, Q = 17. P = 16, U = 21, T = 20. Step 2: Compute the shifts. 13 → 16: +3; 18 → 21: +3; 17 → 20: +3. So the rule is “add 3 to each letter”. Step 3: Test option B: FRY → IUB. F = 6 → I = 9 (+3). R = 18 → U = 21 (+3). Y = 25 → B = 2 (25 + 3 = 28; 28 − 26 = 2, wrapping around to B). This pair exactly follows the +3 rule, including proper wrap around. Step 4: Briefly test the other options and observe they do not consistently use +3 shifts for all letters. Verification / Alternative check: To verify option B further, we can apply the inverse operation (−3) to IUB. I (9) − 3 = F (6), U (21) − 3 = R (18), B (2) − 3 = 29, and 29 − 26 = 3 → C, but we expect Y (25). Noticing that we misapplied the wrap around, we should instead think: starting from Y (25), adding 3 gives 28; 28 − 26 = 2 (B). Reversing from B, subtract 3: 2 − 3 = −1; add 26 to stay in the alphabet: 25 → Y. This confirms complete reversibility of the +3 mapping. The same reversible structure appears in MRQ : PUT when subtracting 3 from P, U, and T to return to M, R, and Q. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • NOT : MNS – involves a mixture of forward and backward shifts; does not maintain a constant +3 pattern. • PEG : RGI – differences in positions are not uniformly +3 for P → R, E → G, and G → I. • SAP : QYN – again, the shift values vary and do not consistently equal +3. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes check only one or two letters in a pair and ignore the rest. Another common error is mishandling wrap around when letters go beyond Z. Always verify that all three letters follow the same shift and handle any overflow by subtracting 26 to stay within A–Z. Doing this carefully shows that FRY : IUB is the only pair with a uniform +3 shift in all positions, just like MRQ : PUT. Final Answer: The letter pair that correctly completes the analogy is FRY : IUB.

Question 11

In this coded letter analogy, “SAP is to WET as ______ is to XVI”. Select the group of letters that, when each letter is shifted forward by the same amount, gives XVI, mirroring the pattern from SAP to WET.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy uses a fixed forward alphabet shift. The example pair “SAP : WET” shows how each letter of the first group becomes a different letter in the second group after shifting. We must find which option, when shifted forward by the same amount, produces the group XVI. This tests your ability to apply and reverse consistent shifts on letter groups. Given Data / Assumptions: • Known pair: SAP → WET. • Unknown mapping: ? → XVI. • Options: TRE, SQR, SRQ, PNR. • Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. • We expect a constant shift (e.g. +4) based on SAP to WET. Concept / Approach: We first determine the shift used to convert SAP into WET. Once we know the shift value, we reverse it on XVI to find its original letters. Then we match that original group with one of the options. This is often easier than trying to apply forward shifts to every option and checking if the result is XVI. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Find the shift from SAP to WET. S = 19, A = 1, P = 16. W = 23, E = 5, T = 20. Compute the differences: 19 → 23: +4; 1 → 5: +4; 16 → 20: +4. Thus, every letter is shifted forward by +4 positions. Step 2: Reverse the shift for XVI. X = 24, V = 22, I = 9. Subtract 4 from each: 24 − 4 = 20 → T. 22 − 4 = 18 → R. 9 − 4 = 5 → E. Step 3: The original group that becomes XVI after a +4 shift is TRE. Step 4: Compare with the options; TRE is given as option A. Verification / Alternative check: We can confirm by reapplying the +4 shift to TRE. T (20) + 4 = 24 → X, R (18) + 4 = 22 → V, and E (5) + 4 = 9 → I. This yields X V I (XVI), exactly as required. Testing other options quickly shows that adding 4 to each of their letters does not produce XVI. Therefore, TRE is uniquely correct under the identified rule. Why Other Options Are Wrong: • SQR: Shifting S, Q, R by +4 gives W, U, V, which is WUV, not XVI. • SRQ: Shifting by +4 gives W, V, U, again not XVI. • PNR: Shifting by +4 gives T, R, V, which is TRV, not XVI. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates try to shift each option forward and compare with XVI, which is fine but slower. Others guess based on visual similarity to XVI without checking the shift. A more systematic approach is to first determine the shift from the example pair and then apply the inverse of that shift to the target group (XVI). This leads directly to TRE and avoids confusion. Final Answer: The letter group that correctly completes the analogy is TRE.

Question 12

In this letter based analogy, EGIK is coded as VTRP using an alphabet reversal pattern. Using the same logic, what should be the corresponding code for DFHJ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is a classic letter coding analogy from verbal reasoning. The pair EGIK : VTRP represents a particular transformation applied to each letter using positions in the English alphabet. Your task is to understand the hidden rule in the first pair and then apply exactly the same pattern to the second group of letters DFHJ in order to find the missing term from the options. Given Data / Assumptions: EGIK is converted to VTRP by a consistent alphabet based rule. We use standard English alphabet positions where A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, ..., Z = 26. The second pair is DFHJ : ? and we must find the corresponding four letter code. Exactly one option among WSQU, WSUQ, WUSQ and WUSP follows exactly the same pattern. We assume no extra tricks such as anagrams or insertion of new letters beyond position based coding. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to think of each letter as a number. There is a very common reasoning pattern called mirror or reverse coding, where each letter is replaced by its mirror image with respect to the alphabet. In that scheme, A pairs with Z, B with Y, C with X, and so on. Mathematically, the sum of the positions of such a mirror pair is always 27. If we test this on the first pair EGIK and VTRP, we find that each pair of corresponding letters adds up to 27, which confirms that an alphabet mirror pattern is being used. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write positions for E, G, I, K. They are E = 5, G = 7, I = 9, K = 11. Step 2: Write positions for V, T, R, P. They are V = 22, T = 20, R = 18, P = 16. Step 3: Add each pair: 5 + 22 = 27, 7 + 20 = 27, 9 + 18 = 27, 11 + 16 = 27. So each letter is replaced by its mirror such that first position plus new position equals 27. Step 4: Now apply the same mirror rule to DFHJ. Positions are D = 4, F = 6, H = 8, J = 10. Step 5: For each letter, find 27 minus the position. For D, 27 - 4 = 23 which is W. For F, 27 - 6 = 21 which is U. For H, 27 - 8 = 19 which is S. For J, 27 - 10 = 17 which is Q. Step 6: Putting these letters together, DFHJ becomes WUSQ. Verification / Alternative check: A quick way to verify is to apply the same mirror logic directly using the A Z, B Y, C X pattern. The mirror of D is W, mirror of F is U, mirror of H is S and mirror of J is Q. This agrees perfectly with the numeric method, so the result WUSQ is stable. Now we compare it with the given answer choices and see that WUSQ appears exactly as option C. No other option respects the mirror sum 27 rule for all four positions, which confirms that the pattern has been correctly identified and applied. Why Other Options Are Wrong: WSQU and WSUQ mix the letters in a different order and therefore cannot match the precise mirror positions of D, F, H and J. WUSP changes the last letter from Q to P, which breaks the mirror rule because J pairs with Q and not with P when we use the 27 sum property. Any option that does not maintain the exact mirror relationship for every letter must be rejected. Common Pitfalls: Many learners initially try random additions or subtractions for each position without spotting the constant 27 sum mirror pattern. Others may identify the mirror relation for some letters but then guess the remaining ones. The right approach is systematic: convert all letters to numbers, check for a common relation such as fixed sum, and then apply it carefully. Recognising the very common mirror coding trick will save time on many similar questions in reasoning exams. Final Answer: Using the mirror image coding where each letter and its code partner sum to 27, DFHJ is coded as WUSQ, so WUSQ is the correct answer.

Question 13

In this letter coding analogy, ERASE is coded as FSBTF by shifting letters forward. Using the same pattern, what is the correct code for MAGIC?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem is a straightforward letter coding question from verbal reasoning. The example pair ERASE : FSBTF shows a consistent shift applied to each letter using the alphabetical order. Your goal is to decode this pattern and then apply the same letter wise transformation to the word MAGIC in order to find its correct coded form from the options. Such questions test how quickly and accurately you can work with alphabet positions. Given Data / Assumptions: ERASE is converted to FSBTF by a simple, uniform rule. We use the standard English alphabet A to Z with positions 1 to 26. The second word that must be coded is MAGIC. Options given are NHBJD, NBHGD, NBJHD and NBHJD. We assume a basic Caesar shift style code with no rearrangement of letter order. Concept / Approach: The natural first step is to compare each letter of ERASE with the corresponding letter of FSBTF. If every letter is shifted by the same amount, then the code is a simple shift cipher. A quick inspection E to F, R to S, A to B, S to T and E to F shows that each original letter has been moved one place forward in the alphabet. This means we are adding 1 to the alphabetical position of each letter. Once this rule is confirmed, we can simply apply a plus one shift to each letter of MAGIC and assemble the result. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Check the mapping for ERASE. Step 2: E moves to F (E is the 5th letter, F is the 6th; plus one step). Step 3: R moves to S (18 to 19), A to B (1 to 2), S to T (19 to 20) and E to F (5 to 6). This confirms a shift of plus one for every position. Step 4: Now write MAGIC letter by letter: M, A, G, I, C. Step 5: Shift each letter one step forward in the alphabet. M goes to N, A to B, G to H, I to J and C to D. Step 6: Put the new letters together to get the coded word NBHJD. Verification / Alternative check: To verify the result, quickly reverse the logic and subtract one from the letters in NBHJD. N becomes M, B becomes A, H becomes G, J becomes I and D becomes C, which gives MAGIC again. This confirms that NBHJD is correctly derived from MAGIC by the same plus one shift used in the example. Checking the other options also helps. NHBJD, NBHGD and NBJHD all mismatch at one or more positions if we reverse shift them back, so they do not decode cleanly to MAGIC under a constant step rule. Why Other Options Are Wrong: NHBJD changes the order of the letters and does not correspond to a simple one step shift of MAGIC. NBHGD violates the plus one pattern in the final letters, because C should code to D, not to G. NBJHD has incorrect middle letters, since G should become H, not J. None of these answers keeps a consistent plus one shift at every position, which is essential if the same rule is to be applied as in ERASE to FSBTF. Common Pitfalls: A common error is to identify the shift for the first one or two letters and then guess without checking all of them. Another mistake is to miscount positions when moving through the alphabet quickly. A safe method is to write out the alphabet or mentally count each letter step. Once you have validated the rule across all characters in the example word, you can apply it with confidence to the target word and avoid careless mismatches between pattern and answer choice. Final Answer: Using the same plus one alphabet shift that converts ERASE to FSBTF, MAGIC is coded as NBHJD, so NBHJD is the correct option.

Question 14

In this number analogy, 8 is related to 27 through powers of whole numbers. Following the same idea of consecutive powers, 9 is related to which number?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is a number analogy that uses powers of natural numbers. The given pair 8 : 27 links two numbers that are well known perfect cubes. The second pair 9 : ? asks you to extend the pattern using a similar idea with perfect powers and consecutive bases. The challenge is to recognise which family of powers is being used in each pair and then choose the missing number that keeps the analogy logically consistent and mathematically neat. Given Data / Assumptions: In the first pair, 8 and 27 are related as perfect cubes of whole numbers. We know that 8 = 2^3 and 27 = 3^3, so the bases 2 and 3 are consecutive integers. In the second pair, the starting number is 9, which is a perfect square rather than a cube. We are asked to pick the related number for 9 from among likely perfect powers. We assume the test setter wants a clean, exam style pattern that uses simple integer exponents and consecutive bases. Concept / Approach: The key concept is to notice that 8 and 27 are cubes of consecutive integers: 2^3 and 3^3. A natural way to continue the pattern is to look for a similar relationship but now in the family of perfect squares. The number 9 is equal to 3^2, so it already fits neatly as a square. If we copy the idea of consecutive bases from the first pair, we should pair 3^2 with 4^2. That gives 9 on the left and 16 on the right, mirroring the way that 2^3 and 3^3 formed a consecutive base pair in the first part of the analogy. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Express 8 and 27 as powers. We have 8 = 2^3 and 27 = 3^3. Step 2: Observe that the exponents are both 3 and the bases 2 and 3 are consecutive integers. Step 3: Now look at the second pair. We know 9 = 3^2, which is a perfect square. Step 4: To imitate the idea of consecutive bases, we consider the next base after 3, which is 4, and keep the exponent the same at 2. Step 5: Compute 4^2 = 16, giving the natural partner to 9 as a perfect square with consecutive base. Step 6: Therefore the relationship 8 : 27 :: 9 : 16 maintains the theme of simple perfect powers with consecutive bases. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, compare the structure of both pairs. In the first, both numbers are cubes and we move from 2^3 to 3^3. In the second, both numbers are squares and we move from 3^2 to 4^2. In each case, the pattern is “same type of power, consecutive bases”. Other candidate numbers such as 25, 36 and 64 are also perfect squares or cubes, but they do not preserve the specific consecutive base relationship when paired with 9 under the square pattern we have chosen. For example, 25 is 5^2 which skips base 4, and 36 is 6^2 which skips even more. Sixty four is 4^3 and would break the square pattern entirely. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 25 is equal to 5^2, but that would pair 3^2 and 5^2, which are not consecutive bases and thus do not mirror the neat 2^3 and 3^3 pattern from the first pair. 36 is 6^2, giving 3^2 to 6^2, which again disrupts the idea of simple consecutive bases. Sixty four equals 4^3 and changes both the exponent family and the neat square structure we set for the second pair. None of these alternatives maintain the clear idea of “same exponent, next base” that is seen in both cube and square families. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to look only for cubes and try to force 9 into a cube pattern, which fails because 9 is not a perfect cube. Another error is to pick a square number at random without checking whether the underlying relationship between bases is preserved. In analogy questions, the pattern must be logically parallel in both halves, not just roughly similar. By carefully writing each number as an exact power and comparing the roles of bases and exponents, you can avoid guesswork and arrive confidently at the intended answer. Final Answer: Just as 8 and 27 are 2^3 and 3^3, 9 and its partner are 3^2 and 4^2, so the missing number is 16.

Question 15

In this letter analogy, HI is related to MD by a fixed alphabet shift. Using the same pattern of shifts, how should UV be coded?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is a two letter coding analogy that checks your understanding of position based shifts in the alphabet. The given pair HI : MD contains the key to the pattern. Once you determine how H changes to M and how I changes to D, you must apply the same letter wise transformation to the pair UV to discover which coded pair among the options correctly completes the analogy. Given Data / Assumptions: We work with the standard alphabet, where A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. The pair HI becomes MD under a particular transformation applied to each letter separately. The second pair UV must be transformed by the same rule to form the answer. The answer choices for the code of UV are YR, WS, ZQ and ER. We assume no rearrangement of letter order, only position based shifts forward or backward. Concept / Approach: The strategy is to translate letters into numbers and inspect the change. For HI to become MD, we compare H with M and I with D. If we find constant differences or a clear pattern in how positions change, that rule should be repeated for U and V. When we compute positions, H is 8 and M is 13, while I is 9 and D is 4. So the first letter increases by 5 positions and the second letter decreases by 5 positions, wrapping around the alphabet if needed. This balanced plus and minus rule is the key to the analogy. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write down the positions of H and M. H is 8, M is 13, so the change is 8 to 13, an increase of 5. Step 2: Write the positions of I and D. I is 9, D is 4, so the change is 9 to 4, a decrease of 5. Step 3: Conclude the rule: first letter is shifted forward by 5 positions, second letter is shifted backward by 5 positions. Step 4: Now apply this rule to U and V. U is the 21st letter. Add 5 to get 26, which is Z. Step 5: V is the 22nd letter. Subtract 5 to get 17, which is Q. Step 6: Combine these new letters to get ZQ as the coded form of UV. Verification / Alternative check: It is good practice to check that the rule works cleanly with wrap around. For example, if the sum had exceeded 26, we would loop back from A. In this case, 21 plus 5 is exactly 26, so U maps directly to Z without wrapping further. For the second letter, 22 minus 5 is 17, giving Q. Now quickly verify the original mapping again: 8 plus 5 gives 13 (H to M) and 9 minus 5 gives 4 (I to D). This consistent application confirms that we have the correct transformation. Checking the answer choices shows that only ZQ fits this rule. Why Other Options Are Wrong: YR does not follow the plus five, minus five rule when you work forward from U and V. WS would give W as 23 and S as 19, but U to W is only plus two and V to S is minus three, which breaks the pattern. ER would imply U maps to E by wrapping backward and V maps to R, another completely different shift. None of these maintain the precise plus five for the first letter and minus five for the second letter established in the HI : MD example. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to assume a single shift direction for both letters and try to fit all changes as either plus or minus. Another pitfall is miscounting positions when moving across the alphabet, especially near the end of the sequence. To avoid errors, always write down the numeric positions and calculate differences carefully rather than relying on visual guesses. Recognising that many coding questions use symmetric patterns such as plus k and minus k can also help you quickly spot the correct logic in similar items. Final Answer: Using the rule “first letter plus five, second letter minus five”, UV is coded as ZQ, so ZQ is the correct answer.

Question 16

In this letter analogy, JK is related to TV by a specific position rule. Applying the same alphabet position rule, which pair of letters corresponds to OP?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question presents a two letter analogy based on positions of letters in the alphabet. The given pair JK : TV hides a mathematical relationship between the alphabet positions of J, K, T and V. Once we discover this rule, we must apply the same transformation to the pair OP in order to identify the correct coded pair from the options. Such questions are common in reasoning sections and reward a clear, numeric way of thinking about letters. Given Data / Assumptions: J and K form the first pair, which transforms to T and V as the second pair in the example. We work with positions A = 1, B = 2, ..., Z = 26. In the question part, OP must be changed under the same rule to find the answer. The answer choices are DF, WV, ST and QR. We assume that letters are not rearranged, only position values are transformed using a consistent rule. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to treat each letter as a number and look at how positions change. J is the 10th letter and K is the 11th. T is the 20th letter and V is the 22nd. Notice that the second set positions are approximately double the first set positions. Checking this more carefully, 10 multiplied by 2 gives 20, and 11 multiplied by 2 gives 22. So the coding rule appears to be: multiply the alphabet position of each letter by 2, then convert back to a letter, wrapping around if necessary. Once this is clear, we can apply the same multiplication rule to O and P. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Write positions for J and K. J = 10, K = 11. Step 2: Write positions for T and V. T = 20, V = 22. Step 3: Observe that 10 * 2 = 20 and 11 * 2 = 22, confirming that each position is doubled to obtain the code. Step 4: Now consider O and P. The positions are O = 15 and P = 16. Step 5: Apply the same rule: 15 * 2 = 30 and 16 * 2 = 32. Since the alphabet only has 26 letters, we wrap around by subtracting 26 when the result exceeds 26. Step 6: For 30, 30 - 26 = 4, which corresponds to D. For 32, 32 - 26 = 6, which corresponds to F. Step 7: The resulting coded pair for OP is therefore DF. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, we can reverse the logic by halving the positions of T and V. T is 20, which when divided by 2 returns 10, the position of J. V is 22, which when divided by 2 returns 11, the position of K. This confirms that the original mapping uses doubling of positions. Applying the same check to DF, D is 4 and F is 6. Doubling the original positions 15 and 16 gave 30 and 32, and subtracting 26 gave 4 and 6, which matches D and F exactly. Thus DF is correctly derived from OP under the same rule. Why Other Options Are Wrong: WV corresponds to positions 23 and 22, which are not the doubled and wrapped values of 15 and 16. ST corresponds to 19 and 20, again not matching the required 4 and 6. QR corresponds to 17 and 18, which would imply some other pattern such as a fixed shift, not a multiplication rule. None of these pairs reflect the precise doubling and wrapping operation observed in the example JK : TV. Common Pitfalls: A common pitfall is to look only at simple addition or subtraction when comparing letters, ignoring possibilities like multiplication or division. Another mistake is to forget wrap around when results go beyond 26. In letter coding questions, whenever you multiply or add and exceed 26, you must loop back to the start of the alphabet. Maintaining this habit will help you handle more complex codes without error. Always check your discovered pattern in both directions on the example pair before applying it to the target pair. Final Answer: Using the rule “double each alphabet position and wrap around beyond 26”, the pair OP is coded as DF, so DF is the correct answer.

Question 17

In this number analogy, 76 is related to 42 by a simple digit operation. Using the same operation, what number should replace the question mark in 46 : ?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This problem is a digit based number analogy that focuses on the relationship between a two digit number and a second number formed from its digits. The given pair 76 : 42 suggests that there is some arithmetic operation applied to the digits 7 and 6 to obtain 42. Your task is to identify that operation and then apply it in the same way to the pair 46 : ? to find the missing term from the options. Such questions test your ability to quickly experiment with sums, differences and products of digits. Given Data / Assumptions: The first known pair is 76 : 42. The second pair is 46 : ? with the answer to be found. We work with the individual digits of the first number, not with any advanced number theory concept. Options provided are 52, 24, 36 and 64. We assume a simple operation like addition, subtraction, multiplication or a combination of digits is used consistently. Concept / Approach: A natural way to proceed is to break 76 into its digits 7 and 6 and test common operations. The sum 7 + 6 equals 13, which does not match 42. The difference 7 - 6 equals 1, which also does not match. The product 7 * 6 equals 42, which directly matches the right hand side. This suggests that the relationship is: second number equals product of the digits of the first number. Once this rule is established, we apply the same idea to 46 by multiplying 4 and 6. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Split 76 into digits 7 and 6. Step 2: Compute 7 + 6 = 13. This does not give 42, so simple addition is not the rule. Step 3: Compute 7 - 6 = 1. This also does not match 42, so the rule is not subtraction. Step 4: Compute 7 * 6 = 42. This exactly matches the paired value, so the rule is product of digits. Step 5: Now apply the same rule to 46. Split 46 into digits 4 and 6. Step 6: Compute 4 * 6 = 24. Step 7: Conclude that 46 should be related to 24 in the same way that 76 is related to 42. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, consider whether any other plausible digit operation could produce 42 from 76 in a neat, exam friendly manner. Concatenation or reversal do not help, and neither do more complicated operations like 7^2 + 6 or similar, because they would not generalise cleanly to 46. Multiplying the digits gives an exact and simple result. Repeating this process for 46 gives 4 * 6 = 24, which appears in the options. None of the other options 52, 36 or 64 can be reached by such a simple digits product. This consistency strongly supports the product rule and the answer 24. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 52 does not result from any basic digit operation on 4 and 6 such as sum, difference or product. Thirty six would be 6 * 6, which would require two identical digits, unlike the pair 4 and 6. Sixty four could arise from 4^3 but does not match a symmetric operation that would also work cleanly on 76. In contrast, 24 arises directly from 4 * 6, mirroring how 42 arises from 7 * 6, and so it is the only choice that preserves the analogy. Common Pitfalls: Many candidates initially try to interpret the right hand side as a new two digit number made by rearranging the original digits or adding an extra step. In fact, the simplest approach is usually correct in such problems. Forgetting to test multiplication after trying only sums and differences is a frequent oversight. To avoid this, always go through the standard list of operations on digits systematically: sum, difference, product and sometimes quotient. This disciplined pattern search quickly reveals the correct rule here. Final Answer: Since 42 is the product 7 * 6 and 24 is the product 4 * 6, the correct completion of the analogy is 24.

Question 18

Madhya Pradesh is famous for diamond deposits. In the same resource based analogy, Karnataka is especially associated with which metal?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a general knowledge analogy question that links Indian states to the natural resources or minerals for which they are well known. The pair Madhya Pradesh : Diamond highlights the famous diamond producing areas of Madhya Pradesh. You are then asked to find the metal that stands in a similar relationship with Karnataka. The question checks your awareness of important mineral belts and mining locations in India. Given Data / Assumptions: Madhya Pradesh is known for diamond deposits, particularly in areas like Panna. The analogy structure is “state : characteristic mineral”. Karnataka is another major Indian state with significant mining activity. The options for Karnataka are Platinum, Copper, Gold and Silver. We assume standard textbook level knowledge of Indian geography and mineral resources. Concept / Approach: The analogy uses a straightforward pattern: state mapped to its most famously associated mineral. Madhya Pradesh is widely taught as a diamond producing state. For Karnataka, the most famous association is with gold, especially due to the historic Kolar Gold Fields and other gold bearing regions. While copper and other metals may also be found in Karnataka, they are not as iconic in general knowledge as gold. Therefore, the parallel mapping is Madhya Pradesh : Diamond :: Karnataka : Gold. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the first pair connects a state with a mineral resource for which it is particularly famous. Step 2: Recall that Madhya Pradesh has diamond mines, making Diamond the associated mineral. Step 3: Now consider Karnataka and recall its well known mining areas. Step 4: Remember that the Kolar Gold Fields in Karnataka have historically been one of the most famous gold mining regions in India. Step 5: Compare the options. Platinum and copper are not commonly highlighted as the signature minerals of Karnataka in basic GK references. Silver also does not have the same strong association. Step 6: Conclude that Gold is the most appropriate mineral to pair with Karnataka in this analogy. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify by quickly reviewing standard geography content. Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh are noted for diamonds, while Karnataka and neighbouring states are noted for gold deposits. In exam guides, Karnataka is almost always mentioned alongside gold, specifically referring to the Kolar region. Platinum is relatively rare and is not widely mined in Karnataka at an iconic level. Copper deposits are better known from regions like Jharkhand and Rajasthan. Silver is usually linked to polymetallic ores elsewhere. This confirms that gold is the correct and most widely accepted mineral association. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Platinum is a very precious metal but is not the classical school level mineral tag for Karnataka. Copper has deposits in parts of India but is not the signature mineral of Karnataka in the way gold is. Silver is produced in India mainly as a by product of lead and zinc mines and is not uniquely associated with this state. None of these alternatives fit as neatly into the state resource analogy as gold does for Karnataka. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to overthink the question and look for a less obvious metal, especially if you are aware that gold mines in Kolar have faced closure issues. However, in objective type general knowledge questions, the focus is on classical, textbook associations rather than current production volumes. Remembering the strong historical link between Karnataka and gold mining is the key. Avoid reading too much into secondary minerals and match the most prominent and well known resource to the state. Final Answer: Madhya Pradesh is known for diamond deposits, and in the same way Karnataka has long been famous for gold, so Gold is the correct answer.

Question 19

Food is stored in a refrigerator to keep it fresh. In a similar storage based relationship, clothes are most appropriately stored in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy tests everyday common sense and vocabulary related to storage and household items. The pair Food : Refrigerator shows that food is stored in a refrigerator to preserve it. The question then asks you to identify the most natural place or container in which clothes are stored, following the same type of relationship. Such questions check practical reasoning and the correct pairing of items with their typical storage locations. Given Data / Assumptions: The first pair is Food : Refrigerator, indicating a storage relationship. We need to match Clothes with an appropriate storage place or container. Options are Material, Fold, Closet and Garage. We assume ordinary household arrangements, not special industrial contexts. The relationship is object to the place where that object is normally kept safely. Concept / Approach: The core concept is the function of the second word. A refrigerator is a storage appliance that keeps food safe and fresh. In the same way, we must find an item that serves as a usual storage space for clothes in a home. Among the options, a closet (also called a wardrobe) is specifically designed to store clothes, shoes and related items. Material is what clothes are made of, fold is an action performed on clothes, and garage is a place for vehicles or tools, not for regular clothing storage. Therefore, the parallel relationship is Clothes : Closet. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the relation in Food : Refrigerator. Food is the item, refrigerator is the storage appliance that keeps food fresh. Step 2: Restate the pattern as “thing stored : place or appliance where it is stored”. Step 3: Consider the second term, Clothes, which are garments people wear and then store after use or washing. Step 4: Review the options. Material refers to fabric or substance clothes are made from, not a storage place. Fold is a verb describing an action done to clothes. Garage is the space where cars, bikes and tools are kept. Step 5: Closet is a piece of furniture or built in space used to hang or stack clothes. Step 6: Conclude that Closet is the only option that correctly matches the storage relationship. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, try substituting other everyday items into the pattern. For example, Books : Bookshelf, Shoes : Shoe rack, and Utensils : Kitchen cabinet all follow the same “object to storage place” structure. Clothes : Closet fits this pattern perfectly. None of the other options used with clothes produce a natural storage expression. We do not say clothes are kept in a material or in a fold or in a garage as a matter of normal practice. This confirms that Closet is the correct and intended answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Material describes the fabric that makes up clothes, such as cotton or wool. It does not describe where you keep clothes. Fold is what you do to clothes when arranging them, but it is an action, not a container or place. Garage is for parking vehicles or storing house tools and is not associated with clothing storage in ordinary language. These options break the clear storage relationship shown in the Food : Refrigerator example. Common Pitfalls: Some test takers may overthink and focus on production instead of storage, incorrectly linking clothes with material. Others may be distracted by fold because it is commonly associated with clothes, but it describes a way of handling them, not where they live. To avoid such mistakes, always ask what functional role the second word plays with respect to the first. Here, the refrigerator is a storage appliance, so the second pair must also be an item whose primary role is storing the first item. Final Answer: Food is kept in a refrigerator, and in the same way clothes are most naturally stored in a closet, so Closet is the correct answer.

Question 20

A pond naturally contains water. In the same relationship of natural content, a mountain is primarily made up of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This analogy question tests basic understanding of natural features and what they contain or are composed of. The pair Pond : Water shows that a pond is a natural water body, and water is its essential content. The second pair Mountain : ? asks you to identify what forms the essential physical substance of a mountain. This is a simple science and environment based analogy that checks common knowledge rather than advanced geography. Given Data / Assumptions: A pond is a body of water, often shallow and relatively small. Water is the main content that defines a pond as a water body. A mountain is a large elevated feature of the earth's surface. Options for the second term are Birds, Rocks, Animals and Climb. We assume that the analogy focuses on the basic physical composition of each natural feature. Concept / Approach: The relationship in the first pair is between a natural feature and the material that chiefly constitutes or fills it. Without water, a pond would not be a pond. For mountains, the core material is rock. Although birds and animals may live on mountains and people may climb them, these are not the substances that physically make up a mountain. The mountain itself is largely composed of rocks and sometimes ice or soil on the surface, but rocks are the fundamental structural material. Therefore, Mountain : Rocks is the correct parallel to Pond : Water. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Clarify the relationship in the first pair. A pond is a natural feature whose defining content is water. Step 2: Formulate the pattern: “natural feature : substance that primarily composes or fills it”. Step 3: Consider the nature of a mountain. It is a large mass that rises above the surrounding land. Step 4: Ask what material a mountain is primarily made of. The answer is rock, often with soil and vegetation on top. Step 5: Review the options. Birds and animals are living beings that may inhabit the mountain, not its base material. Climb is a verb describing an action. Step 6: Only Rocks matches the idea of basic physical composition in the same way that water does for a pond. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, try building similar analogies: Lake : Water, River : Water, Glacier : Ice, Desert : Sand, Hill : Rocks. Each pair matches a natural feature with its main substance. Mountain : Rocks fits smoothly into this pattern. If we attempted Mountain : Birds or Mountain : Animals, the structure would shift from material content to something like “habitat : inhabitant”, which is a different relationship type from Pond : Water. Climb is obviously a human activity, not material content. Thus, the pairing with rocks is strongly supported. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Birds and Animals are both possible inhabitants of a mountain environment, but they are not the defining material that forms the mountain itself. The physical body of the mountain would exist even in their absence. Climb is an action that people perform on a mountain, not a substance or content. None of these alternatives mirror the clear material relation that water has to a pond. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates get distracted by thinking about typical scenes rather than structures, and may loosely associate mountains with birds or animals because those creatures are commonly seen there. Others may look at Climb because mountains are objects that people climb. However, analogy questions require matching not just association but the same type of logical relationship. Keeping focus on physical composition rather than usage or inhabitants helps avoid such errors. Final Answer: Just as a pond is defined by containing water, a mountain is primarily composed of rocks, so Rocks is the correct answer.

Analogy Questions