Question 1

Arrange the following living organisms from simplest (least complex) to most complex: Items: a. Amoeba  b. Oyster  c. Worm  d. Cow Choose the correct ascending biological complexity sequence.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Logical sequencing in biology often asks you to arrange organisms by structural/organizational complexity, typically from unicellular to more complex multicellular animals. Given Data / Assumptions: Amoeba (a): unicellular protozoan. Worm (c): simple multicellular invertebrate. Oyster (b): mollusk; multicellular with specialized organs. Cow (d): vertebrate mammal; highly complex systems. Concept / Approach: Place unicellular first, then simple multicellular invertebrates, then more specialized invertebrates, and finally vertebrates/mammals. Step-by-Step Solution: Start: Amoeba (a) — single-celled, least complex.Next: Worm (c) — multicellular but comparatively simple body plan.Then: Oyster (b) — organ-level systems, more complex than worms.Last: Cow (d) — vertebrate mammal with complex organ systems. Verification / Alternative check: Any reversal placing oyster before worm would ignore relative organ complexity; placing cow earlier contradicts vertebrate advancement. Why Other Options Are Wrong: a,b,c,d: Puts oyster before worm against typical complexity comparisons. Other orders reverse or scramble complexity levels. None of these: Not applicable because a correct ascending sequence exists. Common Pitfalls: Confusing ecological sophistication with biological complexity; the question is about structural organization. Final Answer: a, c, b, d

Question 2

Arrange social units from the individual upward to the largest civic unit: Items: A. Family  B. Community  C. Member (individual)  D. Locality  E. Country Choose the correct smallest-to-largest social grouping sequence.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sequencing item checks your understanding of how social units aggregate from the individual to larger civic structures. Given Data / Assumptions: C = Member (an individual). A = Family (basic social unit). D = Locality (neighborhood/area). B = Community (broader social body within/over multiple localities). E = Country (largest unit listed). Concept / Approach: We assemble units by scale: individual → family → immediate habitat → broader civic grouping → nation. Step-by-Step Solution: Start with the individual: C.Immediate social unit: A (Family).Geographic grouping: D (Locality).Broader social grouping: B (Community).Largest political unit in list: E (Country). Verification / Alternative check: Replacing D and B reverses geographical/organizational aggregation; the presented order is the natural expansion. Why Other Options Are Wrong: C,A,B,D,E: Swaps locality and community scale. Other orders break the size escalation or place country prematurely. None of these: Not applicable since a clear hierarchy exists. Common Pitfalls: Confusing “community” with a tiny neighborhood; communities usually span or organize multiple localities. Final Answer: C, A, D, B, E

Question 3

Arrange historical “ages” in a logical technological timeline: Items: (a) Atomic Age  (b) Metallic Age  (c) Stone Age  (d) Alloy Age Choose the correct earliest-to-latest progression.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: “Ages” here refer to broad eras marked by dominant materials/technologies. The task is to place them on a simple developmental timeline. Given Data / Assumptions: Stone Age (c): earliest widespread tool material. Metallic Age (b): advent of metal tools (copper/bronze/iron individually nuanced). Alloy Age (d): purposeful alloy engineering beyond simple metals. Atomic Age (a): modern era of nuclear/atomic science. Concept / Approach: Order by general historical emergence: primitive materials precede refined metals, which precede advanced alloys, finally modern atomic science. Step-by-Step Solution: Earliest: Stone Age (c).Next: Metallic Age (b).Then: Alloy Age (d).Latest: Atomic Age (a). Verification / Alternative check: This macro sequence aligns with the usual educational simplification of material culture progression. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Any option placing atomic before metallic or alloy is anachronistic. Swapping metallic and alloy reverses refinement order. Common Pitfalls: Overthinking sub-eras (e.g., Bronze vs Iron); the question uses coarse blocks only. Final Answer: (c), (b), (d), (a)

Question 4

Arrange language units from the smallest building block to the largest coherent unit: Items: a. Word  b. Paragraph  c. Sentence  d. Letter Choose the correct smallest-to-largest sequence.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Language structure builds in layers. The problem assesses your understanding of how written units combine to form larger textual constructs. Given Data / Assumptions: d = Letter, a = Word, c = Sentence, b = Paragraph. We consider the standard composition: letters→words→sentences→paragraphs. Concept / Approach: Identify the atomic unit (letter) and repeatedly aggregate to the next level of organization. Step-by-Step Solution: Smallest: d (Letter).Next: a (Word) — letters combine to form words.Next: c (Sentence) — words form sentences.Largest listed: b (Paragraph) — sentences form paragraphs. Verification / Alternative check: Any other order would break the “part-of” relationship (e.g., a word cannot contain a paragraph). Why Other Options Are Wrong: a,c,d,b: Puts sentence before letter; incorrect aggregation. Other permutations violate the natural build-up. Common Pitfalls: Confusing grammatical importance with structural size; here, size/containment is the criterion. Final Answer: d, a, c, b

Question 5

Arrange a typical healthcare journey from illness to recovery: Items: a. Diagnosis  b. Doctor  c. Sick (patient)  d. Treatment  e. Recovery Choose the correct chronological sequence.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Logical process ordering is tested here using a familiar real-life sequence in healthcare, from becoming ill to eventual recovery. Given Data / Assumptions: c = Sick (the condition exists first). b = Doctor (patient consults a physician). a = Diagnosis (doctor identifies the problem). d = Treatment (therapy/medication begins). e = Recovery (outcome after effective treatment). Concept / Approach: We follow a simple time line: problem → help → identification → intervention → outcome. Step-by-Step Solution: Initial state: c (Sick).Next: b (Doctor) is consulted.Then: a (Diagnosis) is made.Then: d (Treatment) is administered.Finally: e (Recovery). Verification / Alternative check: Swapping diagnosis and treatment breaks medical logic; treatment follows identification of the issue. Why Other Options Are Wrong: b,a,c,d,e: Puts doctor visit and diagnosis before the illness—illogical. Other orders misplace treatment or recovery relative to diagnosis. Common Pitfalls: Confusing the order of doctor/diagnosis versus treatment; diagnosis must precede specific treatment. Final Answer: c, b, a, d, e

Question 6

Arrange industrial steps from raw material to final usable parts: Items: a. Metal  b. Alloy  c. Ore  d. Purification  e. Spare parts Choose the correct process flow.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Manufacturing and materials questions often involve sequencing the transformation from raw ore to finished components. Given Data / Assumptions: c = Ore (raw input). d = Purification (beneficiation/refining process). a = Metal (refined product). b = Alloy (engineered mixture of metals). e = Spare parts (finished items). Concept / Approach: Follow standard materials processing: extract → purify → obtain base metal → create alloys → fabricate parts. Step-by-Step Solution: Start: c (Ore).Refine: d (Purification).Product: a (Metal).Engineering: b (Alloy).End use: e (Spare parts). Verification / Alternative check: Directly going ore→metal without purification omits a fundamental step; placing parts before alloys breaks chronology. Why Other Options Are Wrong: c,a,b,d,e: Puts purification late—process mismatch. c,a,b,e,d and others: Finish parts before purifying—illogical. Common Pitfalls: Confusing “purification” as quality control after fabrication; it precedes metal extraction. Final Answer: c, d, a, b, e

Question 7

Choose the correct sequential order of rainbow colours among the given subset: Given list: a. Red  b. Green  c. Violet  d. Yellow  e. Orange Arrange them as they appear in the natural rainbow order from top (outer) to bottom (inner), limited to thes…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The natural rainbow order (from outer to inner) is V I B G Y O R. The options provide only a subset of these colours; we must preserve the correct relative order among the ones listed. Given Data / Assumptions: Available: Violet (c), Green (b), Yellow (d), Orange (e), Red (a). Missing: Indigo and Blue, which we ignore while maintaining correct sequence. Concept / Approach: Write the canonical sequence V I B G Y O R, then drop absent colours, keeping the remaining in the original order. Step-by-Step Solution: Start from V: Violet (c).Next present after dropping I,B: Green (b).Then: Yellow (d).Then: Orange (e).Finally: Red (a). Verification / Alternative check: Any order that places red before orange or green before violet contradicts the standard spectrum ordering. Why Other Options Are Wrong: d,c,b,e,a or c,d,b,a,e: Disrupt the V–G–Y–O–R order. b,e,d,a,c: Places green at the outer end and violet at the inner end—reversed relative positions. Common Pitfalls: Confusing camera/printing palettes (RGB/CMYK) with spectral ordering; they are different concepts. Final Answer: c, b, d, e, a

Question 8

Arrange the stages of a criminal case from the initiating event to the final consequence: Items: (a) Police  (b) Punishment  (c) Crime  (d) Judge  (e) Judgement Choose the correct chronological flow.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This is a logical process ordering problem using criminal justice milestones from offense to consequence. Given Data / Assumptions: c = Crime occurs. a = Police investigate/charge. d = Judge presides over the case. e = Judgement (verdict) is delivered. b = Punishment (sentence) follows judgement when guilty. Concept / Approach: Chronology must respect causality: an offense triggers policing, courts adjudicate, and sentencing follows a verdict. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) c (Crime) — initiating event.2) a (Police) — investigation/charge sheet.3) d (Judge) — trial oversight.4) e (Judgement) — verdict given.5) b (Punishment) — sentence imposed. Verification / Alternative check: Sentencing before judgement is impossible; police cannot act before a crime occurs. Why Other Options Are Wrong: c,a,b,d,e: Places punishment before judgement—procedurally incorrect. Other sequences scramble court order or put police after court steps. Common Pitfalls: Confusing “judgement” (verdict) with “punishment” (sentence). Verdict must precede sentencing. Final Answer: c, a, d, e, b

Question 9

Arrange basic agricultural operations in the usual farming cycle: Items: (a) Sowing  (b) Manuring  (c) Ploughing  (d) Harvesting  (e) Watering Choose the correct field-operation sequence.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Farming tasks follow a practical field cycle from soil preparation to crop collection. The question checks your grasp of the typical order. Given Data / Assumptions: c = Ploughing (soil preparation). a = Sowing (placing seeds). e = Watering (irrigation for germination/early growth). b = Manuring (nutrient application). d = Harvesting (final collection). Concept / Approach: Prepare the field, sow, support early growth with water, feed nutrients as crop establishes, then harvest mature produce. Step-by-Step Solution: 1) Ploughing (c).2) Sowing (a).3) Watering (e).4) Manuring (b).5) Harvesting (d). Verification / Alternative check: Manuring may also occur at multiple stages, but in a simple cycle, early irrigation before heavy manuring is common to support germination first. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Sequences starting with sowing/ploughing swapped ignore necessary soil prep. Harvesting before manuring/watering is illogical. Common Pitfalls: Treating manuring as always-before-sowing; while basal manures exist, the basic educational sequence used here places watering early for germination and manuring post-establishment. Final Answer: (c), (a), (e), (b), (d)

Question 10

Arrange the dairy chain from source to derived products: Items: 1. curd  2. grass  3. butter  4. milk  5. cow Choose the correct production/derivation sequence.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sequence traces how a primary input (fodder) leads to dairy products through biological production and processing steps. Given Data / Assumptions: 2 = Grass (fodder). 5 = Cow (producer of milk). 4 = Milk (primary output). 3 = Butter (derived from milk/cream). 1 = Curd (can be derived from milk as well; here we place it after butter to fit the intended single chain). Concept / Approach: Start with input feed → animal → primary product → processed derivatives. While both curd and butter derive from milk, the single linear chain expected by such questions typically lists major processed products after milk; we finalize with curd to complete the given set. Step-by-Step Solution: Grass (2) → Cow (5).Cow (5) → Milk (4).Milk (4) → Butter (3) (via cream/churning).Milk (4) → Curd (1) (fermentation; placed last to complete the sequence). Verification / Alternative check: Either butter or curd may be interchanged in real workflows (both from milk), but the provided correct option reflects a common textbook chain. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Starting with cow or milk ignores the fodder cause. Placing curd before milk contradicts derivation. Common Pitfalls: Forgetting that animal nutrition precedes production; mixing up parallel derivatives into a single linear order. Final Answer: 2, 5, 4, 3, 1

Question 11

Arrange floral/reproductive terms into a logical sequence leading to the product formed after fertilisation: Items: (i) Fruit  (ii) Pollen  (iii) Corolla  (iv) Stamen Choose the correct order that best reflects functional flow within a typical flowe…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks conceptual sequencing in basic botany using parts of a flower and the end product of successful reproduction. You are given four terms—pollen, stamen, corolla, and fruit—and asked to arrange them in a logical flow that respects their roles and the overall outcome (fruit formation). Given Data / Assumptions: (ii) Pollen: the male gametophyte that accomplishes fertilisation via pollination. (iv) Stamen: the male reproductive organ (anther + filament) associated with pollen. (iii) Corolla: the whorl of petals aiding attraction and positioning during pollination. (i) Fruit: the fertilised ovary that develops after successful pollination and fertilisation. Concept / Approach: We want a coherent functional chain that highlights the role of pollen and the male organ, acknowledges the supportive floral whorl that aids pollination, and ends with the post-fertilisation product (fruit). A compact conceptual path is: recognise the key agent (pollen), pair it with its source/organ (stamen), pass through the pollination interface aided by the corolla (petals), and conclude with fruit formation after fertilisation. Step-by-Step Solution: Identify the operative entity: pollen (ii).Associate with its organ: stamen (iv), which bears and releases pollen.Account for pollination aid and floral interface: corolla (iii) assists attraction/placement.Result after fertilisation: fruit (i) develops from the ovary. Verification / Alternative check: Any sequence ending with fruit is sensible only if reproductive steps precede it. Placing fruit before flower parts contradicts plant reproductive chronology. Among the provided options, (ii),(iv),(iii),(i) most succinctly captures “agent → organ → aiding whorl → product”. Why Other Options Are Wrong: (ii),(iii),(iv),(i): Puts the aiding whorl before linking pollen to its organ. Sequences placing fruit before any floral component invert causality. Other permutations scramble the functional relations among agent, organ, aid, and product. Common Pitfalls: Confusing structural nesting (which part surrounds which) with functional flow; here the emphasis is on role-based progression toward fruit formation. Final Answer: (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)

Question 12

Order the four language skills by typical acquisition in communication: Listening → Speaking → Reading → Writing. Choose the best matching sequence using the given labels (1. Reading  2. Listening  3. Writing  4. Speaking).

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sequencing problem uses well-known pedagogy from language learning. In natural acquisition and in many instructional frameworks, the skills develop in the order Listening → Speaking → Reading → Writing (often abbreviated LSRW). The task is to map this canonical order to the numeric labels provided. Given Data / Assumptions: 1 = Reading 2 = Listening 3 = Writing 4 = Speaking Concept / Approach: Translate LSRW into the index set: Listening (2) → Speaking (4) → Reading (1) → Writing (3). This yields the choice (2, 4, 1, 3). The logic mirrors both developmental patterns in children and common ESL/EFL teaching sequences, where receptive skills precede productive skills, and oral modalities precede literacy modalities. Step-by-Step Solution: Earliest skill: Listening → 2.Early productive skill: Speaking → 4.Literacy reception: Reading → 1.Literacy production: Writing → 3. Verification / Alternative check: Many curricula explicitly adopt LSRW ordering. Reversals (e.g., writing before speaking) are atypical in natural acquisition and would not match the majority of frameworks. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 4,2,1,3: Starts with Speaking before Listening—counter to standard acquisition. 2,4,3,1: Places Writing before Reading—unusual in foundational learning. Other permutations similarly break the LSRW principle. Common Pitfalls: Confusing classroom assessment order (which may test reading/writing first) with developmental acquisition order. Final Answer: 2, 4, 1, 3

Question 13

Arrange human life stages in biological/psychosocial order from earliest to latest: Labels: 1. Adulthood  2. Infancy  3. Childhood  4. Adolescence

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This item asks for a chronological progression of life stages. In broad educational taxonomy, infants develop into children, children into adolescents (puberty and teen years), and adolescents become adults. We must map that story to the numbered labels given. Given Data / Assumptions: 2 = Infancy (earliest period after birth). 3 = Childhood (pre-puberty development). 4 = Adolescence (pubertal transition to maturity). 1 = Adulthood (mature stage). Concept / Approach: Order strictly by age progression, not by social roles or legal definitions. The biologically and psychologically accepted sequence is Infancy → Childhood → Adolescence → Adulthood. Step-by-Step Solution: Start: Infancy (2).Next: Childhood (3).Then: Adolescence (4).Finally: Adulthood (1). Verification / Alternative check: Any sequence that places adulthood before adolescence contradicts age development; placing adolescence before childhood also breaks biological order. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 1,3,4,2 and 1,2,3,4: Begin with adulthood—chronologically impossible. 2,4,3,1: Swaps adolescence and childhood. Common Pitfalls: Overthinking edge cases (e.g., legal adulthood vs biological maturity). The question asks a general developmental order. Final Answer: 2, 3, 4, 1

Question 14

Arrange common life milestones from early years to earning: a. Salary  b. Child  c. Employment  d. School  e. College

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The problem asks you to line up typical human milestones in a plausible life path. Although individuals vary, the most common educational-to-career track proceeds from childhood schooling to higher education, then employment, and finally salary as the outcome of employment. Given Data / Assumptions: b = Child (person in early years). d = School (primary/secondary education). e = College (tertiary education). c = Employment (job obtained). a = Salary (income earned from employment). Concept / Approach: We use the natural temporal dependency: schooling precedes college; college commonly precedes employment; salary is the result of employment. Thus the sequence is Child → School → College → Employment → Salary. Step-by-Step Solution: Begin with b (Child).Progress to d (School).Then e (College).Secure c (Employment).Receive a (Salary). Verification / Alternative check: Reversals (salary before employment) are illogical; placing college before school breaks academic prerequisites in most systems. Why Other Options Are Wrong: c,d,a,e,b and other permutations violate prerequisite or causality. Common Pitfalls: Interpreting “child” as offspring rather than the person’s own life stage—the intent here is the individual’s growth trajectory. Final Answer: b, d, e, c, a

Question 15

Arrange the family relations in a generational chain from youngest to oldest across a lineage: (a) Grandfather  (b) Brother  (c) Father  (d) Son  (e) Grandson

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Sequencing kinship terms requires keeping generations in order. Here we are asked for a coherent chain across generations and siblings, proceeding from the youngest position to the oldest representative in the list. Given Data / Assumptions: e = Grandson (youngest generation listed). d = Son (parent of the grandson, typically). b = Brother (sibling in the parent’s generation—placed near “son” generationally). c = Father (older than son/brother generation). a = Grandfather (oldest generation listed). Concept / Approach: Order by generation first, then place the sibling label (brother) within the same generation as “son” but after the son when moving upward to older generations. This yields youngest → eldest: Grandson → Son → Brother → Father → Grandfather. Step-by-Step Solution: Start: e (Grandson).Next: d (Son) — the generation above grandson.Then: b (Brother) — a peer label in the same generation as “son”.Then: c (Father) — one generation older.Finally: a (Grandfather) — oldest among the set. Verification / Alternative check: Reading the list in reverse yields the oldest-to-youngest chain: Grandfather → Father → Brother/Son generation → Grandson, which is also coherent. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Orders that place grandson after father or grandfather flip the generational flow. Sequences starting with father or grandfather do not adhere to “youngest to oldest”. Common Pitfalls: Misplacing “brother” as a generation above or below “son”; both typically belong to the same generation relative to the grandfather. Final Answer: e, d, b, c, a

Question 16

Arrange library-related items from smallest physical unit to the institutional whole: 1. Pages  2. Book rack  3. Library  4. Books  5. Catalogue

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sequencing task moves from the smallest tangible unit in a library ecosystem to the large organisational entity. Understanding how items assemble into collections and then institutions is key. Given Data / Assumptions: 1 = Pages (smallest physical unit here). 4 = Books (made of pages). 2 = Book rack (stores multiple books). 5 = Catalogue (the index/metadata system for holdings). 3 = Library (institution hosting racks, catalogues, and services). Concept / Approach: Use “part-of” relationships: pages form books; books go onto racks; racks/holdings are indexed in a catalogue; all of these are components within a library. Although a catalogue is informational rather than physical storage, it logically follows the accumulation of items to be indexed and precedes the whole institution in this abstraction ladder. Step-by-Step Solution: Smallest: 1 (Pages).Next: 4 (Books) built from pages.Then: 2 (Book rack) holding books.Then: 5 (Catalogue) describing/organising the collection.Largest: 3 (Library) encompassing all. Verification / Alternative check: Placing the catalogue at the very end conflates an indexing system with the institution; the library contains the catalogue, not vice versa. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 2,5,4,3,1: Starts with a rack, which presupposes books/pages. 1,5,4,3,2: Jumps to catalogue before books exist to index. 1,2,4,5,3: Puts rack before books. Common Pitfalls: Thinking of “catalogue” as “the biggest thing”; remember it is a system inside the library’s operations. Final Answer: 1, 4, 2, 5, 3

Question 17

Arrange the food-handling steps for vegetables into a practical workflow: 1. Serve  2. Vegetable  3. Package  4. Prepare  5. Store  6. Cut

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Process-sequencing in daily tasks like food preparation tests your ability to place actions in a feasible, real-world order. Here we consider the chain from obtaining vegetables to the act of serving, including intermediate operations such as cutting, preparing (cooking), packaging, and storage. Given Data / Assumptions: 2 = Vegetable (raw input acquired). 6 = Cut (primary preparation step). 4 = Prepare (cook/mix/season as needed). 3 = Package (portion/pack outcome, e.g., meal boxes). 5 = Store (refrigerate/stage for later service). 1 = Serve (final delivery/consumption step). Concept / Approach: We adopt a kitchen/meal-prep line logic frequently used in canteens, catering, or retail food services: acquire → cut → cook → package → store → serve to end consumers when due. Although in household settings serving may directly follow preparation, the provided choices include packaging and storage, suggesting a prep-for-service pipeline where serving occurs after these staging steps. Step-by-Step Solution: Start with raw input: 2 (Vegetable).Make it ready: 6 (Cut).Transform: 4 (Prepare).Stage for later: 3 (Package).Hold safely: 5 (Store).Deliver: 1 (Serve). Verification / Alternative check: Other pipelines (e.g., cook → serve immediately) are common at home but do not incorporate packaging/storage explicitly, whereas this sequence matches catering/retail flow and the available options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 2,4,6,5,3,1: Cuts after cooking—impractical. Options starting with 6 (“Cut”) omit acquiring the vegetable. Sequences serving before packaging/storage contradict the stated staging flow. Common Pitfalls: Assuming a home-meal model; the presence of packaging/storage implies a production line for later service. Final Answer: 2, 6, 4, 3, 5, 1

Question 18

Arrange the paper-production chain from environmental source to finished reading product: 1. Book  2. Pulp  3. Timber  4. Jungle (Forest)  5. Paper

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This sequence traces the industrial pathway from natural resources to the finished good “book”. Understanding materials processing in order helps with many logical reasoning problems about production chains. Given Data / Assumptions: 4 = Jungle/Forest (raw source of wood). 3 = Timber (harvested wood as input for mills). 2 = Pulp (fibrous intermediate created by mechanical/chemical processes). 5 = Paper (sheet product formed from pulp). 1 = Book (assembled/printed final product). Concept / Approach: Use a straightforward supply-chain lens: source → raw material → processed intermediate → manufactured substrate → finished product. Each stage depends on the previous one. Step-by-Step Solution: Begin with 4 (Forest) → trees harvested.Convert trees to 3 (Timber).Digest/refine timber into 2 (Pulp).Form/finish 5 (Paper) from pulp.Print/bind 1 (Book) on paper. Verification / Alternative check: Any option placing book before paper/pulp violates manufacturing order. Timber must precede pulp; pulp must precede paper. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 3,2,5,1,4: Ends with forest, reversing causality. 2,5,1,4,3: Starts at pulp without a source. Other permutations scramble the necessary dependencies. Common Pitfalls: Confusing timber with pulp; timber is unprocessed wood, pulp is the processed fiber slurry used to make paper. Final Answer: 4, 3, 2, 5, 1

Question 19

Word formation from selected letters: From the word “CONTRIBUTION”, take the 2nd, 6th, 9th, and 12th letters (preserving their positions in the original word). If it is possible to form a meaningful English word using exactly these four letters, whi…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This verbal reasoning item asks you to extract specific letters from a longer word and then check whether those letters can be rearranged to form a meaningful English word. The twist is that the options do not ask for the entire word; instead, they ask for the last letter of any such valid word, or for special markers when either multiple words are possible (M) or no word is possible (X). Given Data / Assumptions: Source word: CONTRIBUTION. Required positions: 2nd, 6th, 9th, and 12th letters. Exactly these four letters must be used once each. If multiple valid words exist, choose M; if none exist, choose X. Concept / Approach: Extract the indicated letters by indexing the source word in order and then attempt to form common English words using those exact letters. Finally, identify the last letter of the valid word (if exactly one exists). Step-by-Step Solution: Index: C(1) O(2) N(3) T(4) R(5) I(6) B(7) U(8) T(9) I(10) O(11) N(12).Required letters: 2→O, 6→I, 9→T, 12→N.Letter multiset: {O, I, T, N}.Attempt words using all letters once: INTO is a valid English word.Check for other standard words: TONI (proper noun), TION (suffix), NOTI (invalid), ONIT (invalid). Only “INTO” is acceptable as a common English word. Verification / Alternative check: Confirm that every letter of “INTO” is drawn from {O, I, T, N} and used exactly once, and that “INTO” is a standard English word. No competing ordinary dictionary words exist with exactly this set, so multiplicity (M) does not apply. Why Other Options Are Wrong: T: Last letter “T” would correspond to a different target word not supported by the available letters. M: Multiple acceptable words do not arise here. X: At least one valid word (“INTO”) exists, so “X” is incorrect. None of these: The correct last letter is among the given options. Common Pitfalls: Including letters not from the specified positions; using a suffix or fragment like “TION” which is not a standalone word; overlooking the simple but valid construction “INTO”. Final Answer: O

Question 20

How many meaningful English words can be formed using all the letters of “ERDU”, with each letter used exactly once?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Jumble-based vocabulary questions present a fixed set of letters and ask how many meaningful English words can be formed by using each letter exactly once. The emphasis is on lexical knowledge and systematic enumeration without repetition or omission. Given Data / Assumptions: Letters: E, R, D, U. Use each letter once per word. Standard English words only; proper nouns and abbreviations are excluded. Concept / Approach: List out likely arrangements by anchoring on common consonant-vowel patterns (e.g., RU–, RE–, DR–, DE–). Check each candidate against standard usage, rejecting archaic or highly specialized forms if the test expects everyday words. Step-by-Step Solution: Try RU– forms: RUDE (R-U-D-E) is valid.Try RE– forms: RUED (R-U-E-D) is also valid (past tense of “rue”).Check other permutations: DURE (archaic), ERDU (invalid), URED (invalid), REDU (invalid). Only “RUDE” and “RUED” qualify as standard, contemporary words. Verification / Alternative check: Cross-verify spelling and meanings: RUDE (impolite); RUED (regretted). Both are commonly recognized, meeting the test’s typical standard for “meaningful” words. Why Other Options Are Wrong: None / One: Under-counts; there are at least two. Three: Over-counts; additional everyday words are not available. More than three: Greatly over-counts given the constrained letter set. Common Pitfalls: Accepting archaic or rare forms (e.g., “dure”) when the test expects common words; duplicating letters or skipping one; overlooking the simple past “rued”. Final Answer: Two

Logical Sequence of Words Questions