Statement: The university librarian has reported an increase in cases of book theft from the library. Courses of Action: I. Stricter security arrangements should be put in place to prevent such incidents. II. All students of the university should be made to pay a hefty fine to replace the lost books. Which course(s) of action logically follow(s)?

Introduction / Context:
When theft rises, the logical response is to tighten controls and deterrents targeted at the problem, not to punish the entire student body indiscriminately.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Issue: Increased theft of library books.
• Control levers: Access control, RFID/EM gates, CCTV, inventory audits, penalties for offenders.
• Fairness: Sanctions should be individualized based on culpability.

Concept / Approach:
Evaluate for relevance and justice. Security strengthening (I) directly addresses theft. A blanket fine (II) is unfair to non-offenders and undermines trust.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Other targeted measures include awareness drives, blacklisting chronic offenders, and integrating ID cards with transaction logs.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Using collective penalties to compensate losses quickly; such measures erode goodwill and are logically unsound.

Final Answer:
Only I follows.