Statement: Air export volume has increased substantially over the past decade, causing backlogs and difficulties for air cargo agents due to increased demand for space and service. Courses of Action: I. Airlines and air cargo agents should jointly work out a solution to combat the problem. II. The reasons for the increase in the volume of air export should be found out. Which course(s) of action logically follow(s)?

Introduction / Context:
Operational backlogs from rising volumes require immediate mitigation and understanding of underlying drivers. Effective management balances short-term capacity solutions with long-term planning based on root-cause analysis.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Symptom: Backlogs and space shortages.
• Stakeholders: Airlines, cargo agents, shippers, airports, regulators.
• Need: Near-term relief and long-term scalability.

Concept / Approach:
Joint operational planning (I) addresses allocations, schedules, consolidation, and SLAs. Diagnostics (II) reveal structural drivers (seasonality, product mix, capacity constraints, regulatory bottlenecks).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Air cargo best practices couple demand forecasting with slot management and infrastructure scaling.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Focusing only on firefighting without analytics—or vice versa.

Final Answer:
Both I and II follow.