Statement — Dolphin populations in India have been decreasing sharply over the past few years.\n\nCourses of Action —\nI. Declare dolphins an endangered species and breed them in aquariums or protected areas.\nII. Enlist local communities to protect dolphins.

Introduction / Context:
Conservation crises typically demand both regulatory protection and on-the-ground stewardship. The statement signals a sharp population decline, warranting immediate protective status and broader community engagement to address threats such as by-catch, habitat loss, and pollution.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Problem: rapid decline of dolphins.
• COA I: legal protection and assisted breeding in controlled/protected habitats.
• COA II: local community involvement in monitoring, reporting, and mitigation.

Concept / Approach:
Legal designation (I) enables stricter penalties, funding, and coordinated recovery plans, while breeding programs can support population rebound. However, many threats are distributed and chronic; partnering with fisherfolk and riverine/coastal communities (II) increases compliance, reduces incidental harm, and improves surveillance. The actions are complementary and jointly strengthen recovery odds.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Either action alone is weaker: laws without local buy-in underperform; communities without legal backing lack authority/resources. Together they address biological and social dimensions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Overemphasizing captive breeding while neglecting habitat; ignoring livelihood-linked incentives for compliance.

Final Answer:
Both I and II follow.