Cause & Effect — Identify the Relationship: I. Train services in suburban areas of the city were disrupted for four hours. II. The overhead electrical wire snapped between two suburban stations. Which option best captures the causal link between I and II?
-
AIf statement (I) is the cause and statement (II) is its effect.
-
BIf statement (II) is the cause and statement (I) is its effect.
-
CIf both statements (I) and (II) are independent causes.
-
DIf both statements (I) and (II) are effects of independent causes.
-
EIf (I) and (II) are unrelated facts.
Answer
Correct Answer: If statement (II) is the cause and statement (I) is its effect.
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Rail systems depend on overhead catenary for traction power. A snapped wire typically halts service until repaired.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- II: Overhead wire snapped between two stations.
- I: Four-hour disruption in services.
- Assume electric multiple units rely on intact catenary.
Concept / Approach:Technical failure (II) directly causes service disruption (I). The reverse is illogical.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify failure point: catenary break (II).2) Map consequence: immediate stoppage and safety clearance cause delays (I).3) Therefore, II→I.Verification / Alternative check:Disruptions can have other causes, but the stem explicitly provides the wire snap as the proximate cause.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:They deny the evident technical causality.
Common Pitfalls:Overlooking that even short catenary faults can ripple into multi-hour disruptions.
Final Answer:Option B: Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.