Cause & Effect — Policy change vs migration trend. I. The United States revised its employment-visa limits for immigrants after approval by its national legislature. II. The number of Indian IT professionals seeking U.S. employment has steadily increased over the years.
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AIf I is the immediate cause and II is its effect.
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BIf II is the immediate cause and I is its effect.
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CIf I is the effect but II is not its direct/immediate cause.
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DIf II is the effect but I is not its direct/immediate cause.
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ENone of these
Answer
Correct Answer: If I is the effect but II is not its direct/immediate cause.
Explanation
Introduction / Context:We compare a formal policy revision (I) to a long-run labor-supply trend (II). The stem explicitly attributes I to a legislative approval, not to migration flows. We must identify the immediate cause of I and whether II directly causes it.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- I: U.S. visa limits changed following the national assembly’s approval.
- II: Indian IT professionals’ interest in U.S. jobs has risen steadily.
- Policy changes often arise from multifactor legislative processes.
Concept / Approach:The stem’s phrasing “following the approval” identifies the immediate cause of I: legislative approval. While migration pressures (including II) can be a background consideration, they are not stated as the direct/immediate cause.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Test II → I: The stem does not assert that increasing Indian IT flows directly triggered the change; hence not the immediate cause.2) Test I → II: A recent revision cannot explain a multi-year steady increase preceding it.3) Therefore, categorize I as an effect whose immediate cause is legislative approval, not II.Verification / Alternative check:Even if II influenced debates, the immediate, decisive act remains the legislature’s approval.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:A/B invert or mis-assign causality; D wrongly asserts II as effect.
Common Pitfalls:Confusing contributing background trends with immediate causes identified in the stem.
Final Answer:If I is the effect but II is not its direct/immediate cause.