Cause & Effect — Identify the causal link. I. Rural employment has long been a concern for national development planners. II. The Prime Minister has laid great emphasis on vocational skill development.
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AIf I is the immediate cause and II is its effect.
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BIf II is the immediate cause and I is its effect.
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CIf I is the effect but II is not its direct/immediate cause.
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DIf II is the effect but I is not its direct/immediate cause.
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ENone of these
Answer
Correct Answer: If I is the immediate cause and II is its effect.
Explanation
Introduction / Context:This question checks whether you can trace policy emphasis (II) back to a persistent developmental concern (I). Development planners identify problems (e.g., underemployment), and policy leaders respond with targeted initiatives (e.g., skills).
Given Data / Assumptions:
- I: Rural employment is a recognized, enduring concern.
- II: The PM emphasizes vocational skill development.
- Skill development is a common policy response to employment shortfalls.
Concept / Approach:If a problem exists (I), governments often emphasize remedies (II). Vocational skills can raise employability and productivity, especially in rural contexts.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) I → II: The standing concern about rural employment plausibly and directly motivates policy emphasis on skill development.2) II → I: Emphasis on skills does not cause the pre-existence of the concern; it responds to it.3) Thus, I is the cause, II is the policy effect.Verification / Alternative check:Even if multiple factors drove the emphasis (technology shifts, demographic pressures), I is still a sufficient, immediate motivator consistent with the stem.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:Option B reverses direction; options C/D imply non-causality; “None” is unnecessary because A fits well.
Common Pitfalls:Confusing policy cause with underlying need; assuming reciprocity where only response is indicated.
Final Answer:If I is the immediate cause and II is its effect.