Statement — The State Government has decided to declare Kala-azar as a notifiable disease under the Epidemics Act, 1978. Family members or neighbours of a patient are liable to be punished if they do not inform the state authorities.\nCourses of Action:\nI. Make effective efforts to implement the Act.\nII. Publicize cases of punishment through mass media so that more people become aware of the stern action.

Introduction / Context:
Declaring a disease notifiable imposes legal duties to report cases, enabling surveillance and control. Effective implementation and public awareness are both essential to translate law into compliance and public health outcomes.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The disease is now notifiable; non-reporting is punishable.
• I: Ensure the Act is effectively implemented (protocols, training, reporting lines).
• II: Publicize punishment cases to raise awareness and deterrence.

Concept / Approach:
Public health compliance improves when stakeholders know obligations and consequences and when reporting pathways are clear. Enforcement without awareness risks noncompliance due to ignorance; awareness without enforcement risks apathy.

Step-by-Step Solution:
I follows: Implementation requires standard operating procedures, notification forms, rapid response teams, and coordination with clinics/hospitals.II follows: Mass-media communication informs the public and caregivers about their duties and the seriousness of non-reporting, improving compliance.Together, I and II reinforce surveillance and deterrence, reducing transmission.

Verification / Alternative check:
In many jurisdictions, notifiable-disease frameworks rely on both strong systems and clear communication. Either alone is insufficient.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only I / Only II: each is incomplete. Neither/Either: misjudge the complementary nature of system building and awareness.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming legal change alone ensures compliance; behavior change requires communication of duties and penalties.

Final Answer:
Both I and II follow.