Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: Both I and II follow
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
The statement links excessive materialism to rising criminality. Suitable courses of action should address value reorientation through both civil-society initiatives and mass communication, creating social norms that discourage unethical gain-seeking.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Shaping norms requires consistent messaging across institutions. Civil-society programs can reach schools, communities, and workplaces. Media can amplify narratives that celebrate integrity and condemn corruption, fraud, and violence.
Step-by-Step Solution:
I follows: NGOs, faith bodies, and community groups can run ethics curricula, workshops, and campaigns that reinforce pro-social behavior.II follows: Public-interest messaging via print/TV/digital platforms can normalize ethical conduct, using PSAs, storytelling, and coverage standards.Combined, both create multi-channel reinforcement of values, which is more effective than a single-channel approach.
Verification / Alternative check:
Public-health style behavior-change campaigns (e.g., road safety, sanitation) succeed with cross-sector messaging; similar tactics can bolster ethical norms.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only I/Only II: partial. Neither/Either: underestimates the need for coordinated value reorientation.
Common Pitfalls:
Expecting immediate crime reduction solely from messaging. Messaging is necessary but must complement enforcement; however, within the question’s scope, both I and II are appropriate courses of action.
Final Answer:
Both I and II follow.
Discussion & Comments