Question 1

In personal computing, which of the following types of computers is typically the lightest and most portable for everyday use?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This general knowledge computer question checks your understanding of different categories of personal computers and how they compare in terms of size, weight, and portability. Modern users often move between devices such as desktops, laptops, ultrabooks, and tablets, so knowing which type is physically lightest and easiest to carry is important for practical day to day decisions. Given Data / Assumptions: The options include a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, and an ultrabook laptop. The question specifically asks which device is typically the lightest and most portable. Concept / Approach: The key idea is to compare the typical form factor and weight of each category. A desktop computer usually consists of a tower or cabinet, a monitor, and peripherals, so it is clearly not portable. A standard laptop is designed to be portable but still contains a full keyboard, trackpad, and larger battery, so it has more weight. An ultrabook laptop is a slimmer and lighter kind of laptop, but it still retains a clamshell design and keyboard. A tablet computer is usually a thin, flat touchscreen device without a hardware keyboard, which makes it very light and easy to carry. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Consider the desktop computer. It is designed to stay on a desk and is clearly the heaviest system among the options. Step 2: Consider the laptop computer. It is portable, but it has a full keyboard, hinge, and larger body, so it has more weight than a small touchscreen only device. Step 3: Consider the ultrabook laptop. It is thinner and lighter than a traditional laptop, but it still has a keyboard and metallic body, so it usually weighs more than a typical tablet. Step 4: Consider the tablet computer. It has a slim slate design and usually weighs only a few hundred grams, which makes it the lightest option among these categories. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify this by thinking about how each device is commonly used. Tablets are often carried in one hand, used while standing, and easily slipped into small bags. Ultrabooks, while light for laptops, still generally require a laptop sleeve or backpack. Desktops are not moved regularly at all. Therefore the typical experience of users confirms that tablets are the lightest and most portable devices among the listed options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Desktop computer: This is wrong because a desktop is heavy and not designed to be carried around. It requires power cables and a monitor, making it the least portable choice. Laptop computer: This is wrong because a normal laptop weighs more than a tablet and is bulkier due to its keyboard and thicker body. Ultrabook laptop: This is wrong because although ultrabooks are light for laptops, they still generally weigh more than a slim tablet of similar screen size. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to assume that ultrabooks are the lightest simply because they are marketed as very thin and light laptops. However, the question is comparing different categories of computers, and tablets usually win in terms of minimum weight and true handheld portability. Another pitfall is to ignore the word typically and focus on rare special models instead of average devices. Final Answer: The lightest and most portable type of computer among the given options is the Tablet computer.

Question 2

In basic computer applications, a word processor would most likely be used to perform which of the following everyday tasks?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of common computer applications and which tasks are most suitable for a word processor. Different software tools are designed for different purposes, such as text editing, calculations, or database management. Knowing the primary purpose of a word processor helps users choose the right tool for a particular job in school, office work, or daily life. Given Data / Assumptions: The application in focus is a word processor such as Microsoft Word, Google Docs, or LibreOffice Writer. The task choices include searching in a media center, typing a biography, keeping an account of money spent, and maintaining an inventory. Concept / Approach: A word processor is primarily designed to create, edit, format, and print text based documents. Typical examples include letters, essays, reports, biographies, and articles. Tasks that involve calculations or structured records are usually better handled by spreadsheet or database software. Therefore the correct answer will be the option that clearly describes a document oriented text creation and editing task rather than numeric records or data management. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine the task of performing a computer search in the media center. This task is more related to search tools, library software, or web browsers than to word processing. Step 2: Examine the task of typing and editing a biography. A biography is a long text about a person life, which naturally fits the capabilities of a word processor for typing, editing, and formatting text. Step 3: Examine the task of keeping an account of money spent. This usually involves numeric calculations, totals, and possibly charts, which are better handled by spreadsheet software such as Microsoft Excel. Step 4: Examine the task of maintaining an inventory of items. This is a structured list with quantities and maybe codes, which is more suited to spreadsheet or database software rather than a pure word processor. Verification / Alternative check: If you think about what most people open Microsoft Word or similar tools for, the answer is usually to write documents. Schools use word processors for essays and biographies, offices use them for reports and letters, and individuals use them for resumes and stories. In contrast, financial accounts and inventory management are strongly associated with spreadsheets or specialized applications, which confirms that the biography task is the best match for a word processor. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Perform a computer search in the media center: This is wrong because searching media items uses search tools or library management systems, not the document editing features of a word processor. Keep an account of money spent: This is wrong because keeping accounts involves totals, formulas, and numeric analysis, which are more suited to spreadsheet software. Maintain an inventory of items: This is wrong because inventory systems usually require structured tables and perhaps databases, which again are better implemented with spreadsheets or database applications rather than a pure word processor. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes think any computer task can be done in any program, but in professional environments, tools are chosen carefully for efficiency. Confusing a word processor with a spreadsheet or database is a frequent mistake. Another pitfall is to focus only on the word processor print capability and think it can be used to print any information, even though the underlying data management is better handled by specialized software. Final Answer: A word processor is most likely used to Type and edit a biography.

Question 3

In a typical desktop computer setup, what does an Uninterruptible Power Supply UPS connect between to provide backup power during outages?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your understanding of basic hardware connections and the role of an Uninterruptible Power Supply, commonly called a UPS. A UPS is an important protective device that helps keep a computer running for a short time when there is a power cut and also protects it from power fluctuations. Knowing where a UPS is connected in a computer setup is part of essential computer hardware knowledge. Given Data / Assumptions: The device discussed is a UPS, which stores energy in an internal battery. The context is a normal desktop computer system that relies on mains electricity. Concept / Approach: A UPS is connected in line with the main power path. It is designed to receive electrical power from the wall outlet and supply conditioned, regulated power to the computer and sometimes to its monitor or other key devices. When power fails, the UPS battery briefly takes over and continues to feed power to the computer. Therefore, the correct option must describe a connection between the computer and the main wall power source, not between peripheral devices that do not handle primary power. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that a UPS has a power cord that plugs into a wall outlet and several output sockets where the computer and monitor can be connected. Step 2: Understand that the purpose of a UPS is to deliver power to the computer even when the wall supply fails, which means it must sit between the wall outlet and the computer power cable. Step 3: Check option A, which says the UPS connects between the computer and the main wall power outlet. This matches the actual physical setup of a UPS. Step 4: Consider the other options. Connections between mouse, keyboard, speakers, microphone, monitor, or printer are data or audio connections and are not related to the function of a UPS as a power backup device. Verification / Alternative check: Think about what happens during a power outage. If the UPS is correctly placed between the wall and the computer, the computer stays on for some time using battery power. If the UPS were placed between a mouse and keyboard, or between speakers and a microphone, it would not be able to supply power to the whole system. This real world reasoning confirms that the only sensible connection is between the computer and the wall outlet. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Between the mouse and the keyboard: This is wrong because a UPS deals with electrical power, not with low power data connections among input devices. Between the monitor and the printer: This is wrong because monitors and printers have separate power cords and are not chained through each other or through a UPS in this way. Between the speakers and the microphone: This is wrong because these are audio devices and the UPS does not manage audio signal connections. It handles power supply from mains to computer equipment. Common Pitfalls: A common misconception is to treat a UPS like a general purpose connector without focusing on power flow. Students may ignore the words power source or backup power in the question and choose a random pair of devices. Another pitfall is to think that a UPS connects directly to every peripheral independently, but the key point is that it sits in series on the power line feeding the computer and other critical components. Final Answer: An Uninterruptible Power Supply UPS connects between the computer and the main wall power outlet.

Question 4

In basic computer terminology, which of the following is an example of system software rather than application software?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines the difference between system software and application software. System software provides the fundamental platform on which other programs run, while application software helps users perform specific tasks such as drawing, calculating, or writing documents. Identifying operating systems such as Microsoft Windows as system software is a key foundational concept in computer science and general computer awareness exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The options include MS Paint, MS Excel, MS Word, and MS Windows. MS Paint, MS Excel, and MS Word are well known user programs. The question explicitly asks for an example of system software. Concept / Approach: System software includes the operating system and related utilities that manage hardware resources, file systems, and basic input output. Application software consists of programs that run on top of the operating system to perform user centric tasks. Hence, among the options, the operating system Microsoft Windows should be classified as system software, while the others are applications that depend on the operating system to function. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Consider MS Paint. It is a drawing and image editing program used to create simple graphics. It runs under Windows and therefore is application software. Step 2: Consider MS Excel. It is a spreadsheet program used for calculations, charts, and data analysis, and again runs on top of the operating system, so it is application software. Step 3: Consider MS Word. It is a word processor used for documents and reports and is another classic example of application software. Step 4: Consider MS Windows. It manages hardware, memory, CPU scheduling, files, and system resources and provides a platform for all the above applications to run, which makes it system software. Verification / Alternative check: One quick test is to ask whether the software is required for the computer to start and whether other programs depend on it. You cannot normally run MS Word, Excel, or Paint without an operating system, but once Windows is installed, you can install and run many different applications. This dependence direction confirms that Windows is system software and the others are application software. Why Other Options Are Wrong: MS Paint: This is wrong because it is a simple graphic application that lets users draw and edit images. It does not control hardware or manage system resources. MS Excel: This is wrong because it is a spreadsheet application for data analysis, which uses the services of the operating system instead of providing them. MS Word: This is wrong because it is a word processing application designed for document creation and relies on the operating system for basic tasks like file handling and printing. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to assume that any Microsoft branded program is system software. Another pitfall is to ignore the functional role and simply look at popularity. Students sometimes think that because Word and Excel are widely used, they must be more important than the operating system, but importance is not the same as classification. System software is defined by its role as a platform for other programs. Final Answer: The example of system software among the given options is MS Windows operating system.

Question 5

In structured system design methodology, which of the following tools is considered the primary tool for representing the overall program structure?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on structured design, a classic software engineering methodology used to break a complex system into smaller, manageable parts. The method uses graphical tools to represent the design at different levels. Knowing which diagram or tool is the primary one for showing the breakdown of a system into modules is essential for students of software engineering and computer science. Given Data / Assumptions: The topic is structured design in software development. The options list a module, a structure chart, a program flowchart, and a data flow diagram. Concept / Approach: In structured design, the system is decomposed into modules arranged in a hierarchy. The primary tool used to show this hierarchy is a structure chart. A structure chart displays modules as boxes and shows calling relationships and data passed between them. A program flowchart focuses more on control flow within a single program or routine, and a data flow diagram shows how data moves between processes and data stores, which is more related to structured analysis. A single module is a unit of design but not a diagram or tool by itself. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Consider the option module. A module is a component or unit of code but not a diagrammatic tool. Structured design uses modules, but the question asks for the primary tool used. Step 2: Consider the option structure chart. In structured design methodology, structure charts are explicitly mentioned as the main representation of the system modular structure. Step 3: Consider the option program flowchart. Flowcharts are used to show the step by step logic of algorithms and are more associated with early programming documentation than with high level structured design. Step 4: Consider the option data flow diagram. This diagram shows data movement and is used mainly in structured analysis, which precedes design. It is not the primary design level tool for module hierarchy. Verification / Alternative check: Standard software engineering textbooks clearly separate structured analysis and structured design. Data flow diagrams belong to analysis, where you study requirements and data movement. Structure charts belong to design, where you convert processes into modules. Program flowcharts are often mentioned for algorithm documentation rather than overall system decomposition. This reinforces that the structure chart is the central tool of structured design. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Module: This is wrong because a module is a building block, not a diagrammatic tool. The question asks for a tool used in design representation. Program flowchart: This is wrong because a flowchart primarily represents control flow for a procedure, not the overall modular structure and calling relationships of a system. Data flow diagram: This is wrong because it is used to model data movement and external interactions, making it a structured analysis tool rather than the primary structured design tool. Common Pitfalls: Learners often confuse structured analysis with structured design and may choose data flow diagrams because they are widely taught. Another common pitfall is to think in terms of code units and mistakenly select module instead of a graphical tool. It is important to remember that the question focuses on the representation of system structure, not on the code components themselves. Final Answer: The primary tool used in structured system design is the Structure chart.

Question 6

In a standard computer system, which component is mainly responsible for transforming raw input data into meaningful output?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests the basic understanding of computer architecture and the roles of different components. A computer receives input data, processes it, and generates output. The central processing unit, or CPU, is often described as the brain of the computer because it performs the actual computation and logic that convert input into useful information. Given Data / Assumptions: The system contains a CPU, an input output unit, a memory unit, and peripheral devices. The task described is the transformation of input into output. Concept / Approach: The CPU performs arithmetic and logical operations on data according to instructions. Data is fetched from memory, processed in the CPU, and then the results can be sent to output devices. The input output unit manages communication with external devices but does not perform the main processing. Memory stores data and instructions but does not transform them by itself. Peripheral devices such as printers and keyboards help in input and output but again are not responsible for performing the core calculation. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify what transformation of input into output means. It refers to executing instructions that convert raw data into meaningful results. Step 2: Examine the role of the CPU. The CPU executes instructions, performs arithmetic and logical operations, and controls the sequence of operations required for processing data. Step 3: Examine the input output unit. This part handles communication with devices but simply transfers data in and out rather than transforming it logically. Step 4: Examine the memory unit. Memory stores data and instructions, but they become useful only when the CPU acts upon them. Step 5: Examine peripherals. These include devices such as printers, scanners, and monitors, which handle the physical input and output but not the core processing. Verification / Alternative check: Another way to confirm the answer is to remember the standard statement from textbooks that the CPU is the brain of the computer. By definition, the component performing computations and decision making is the CPU. Input and output units and memory are supporting parts that provide data and accept results. This matches the idea that the transformation of input into output is the responsibility of the CPU. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Input output unit: This is wrong because it primarily handles communication between the computer and external devices rather than carrying out data processing operations. Memory unit: This is wrong because memory stores data and instructions but does not run the instructions or perform calculations on its own. Peripheral devices: This is wrong because peripherals are external devices used for input and output. They respond to commands from the CPU but do not transform data logically. Common Pitfalls: A frequent misunderstanding is to think that the device where data appears, such as the monitor or printer, is doing the processing. In reality, these devices simply display results that have already been computed by the CPU. Another pitfall is to believe that memory processes data because it stores it, but storage and processing are distinct functions in computer architecture. Final Answer: The component that transforms input into output in a standard computer system is the Central Processing Unit CPU.

Question 7

In operating systems and file management, what does it usually mean when a file is locked?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is about file locking, a concept used by operating systems and applications to control access to files. In multiuser or multitasking environments, several processes may want to access the same file at the same time. File locking is a mechanism that prevents conflicts such as two users editing the same document simultaneously, which could lead to data corruption or inconsistent results. Given Data / Assumptions: The file system supports some form of file locking. We are dealing with normal operating system behaviour, not special encryption tools. The question asks what it usually means when a file is locked. Concept / Approach: A locked file is typically associated with exclusive or controlled access. When one user or process opens a file with a lock, the system may prevent others from opening it in conflicting modes. Locking can be advisory or mandatory, but the basic idea is that the file is reserved to avoid concurrent updates. Locking does not automatically mean that the file is hidden, nor does it mean that the file is destroyed or permanently frozen. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine option A, which says the file can be modified freely by any user. This is the opposite of locking, because a lock should restrict access, not open it. Step 2: Examine option B, which says the file is temporarily reserved so that only one user or process can access it at a time. This matches the common definition of a file lock used to prevent concurrent conflicts. Step 3: Examine option C, which says the file is always hidden from all users. While some security tools may hide files, locking by itself normally does not make a file invisible. Step 4: Examine option D, which says the file is permanently write protected and can never be changed. A lock is usually temporary and can be released when the operation is complete, so permanent protection is not implied. Verification / Alternative check: In many office applications, you may have seen the message that a document is locked for editing by another user. In such cases, only the user who opened it first can make changes, and others receive a read only copy or are blocked from editing until the file is closed. This real world behaviour confirms that a locked file is temporarily reserved, not hidden or permanently protected. Why Other Options Are Wrong: It can be modified freely by any user on the system: This is wrong because it describes an unlocked or fully shared file rather than a locked one. It is always hidden from all users on the system: This is wrong because file locking does not typically control visibility. It controls modes of access such as read or write. It is permanently write protected and can never be changed: This is wrong because locks are generally temporary. When the owning process releases the lock, the file can be edited again. Common Pitfalls: Users sometimes confuse file locking with file encryption or access control permissions. While permissions define who may access a file at all, locks coordinate temporary access among programs that already have permission. Another pitfall is assuming that locked means the file is damaged or infected, which is not correct. Locking is a normal and useful part of file management. Final Answer: A locked file usually means that It is temporarily reserved so that only one user or process can access it at a time.

Question 8

In spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Excel, which key is held down while dragging a cell to copy its contents instead of simply moving it?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests practical knowledge of spreadsheet editing techniques in applications such as Microsoft Excel. Users often drag cells to rearrange data. By default, drag and drop usually moves the content, but it is also possible to copy the content instead of moving it by holding down a specific modifier key while dragging. Knowing this shortcut can greatly improve efficiency when working with large tables. Given Data / Assumptions: The context is a spreadsheet program with drag and drop support. The user is dragging a cell to another location. The question asks which key should be held to copy, not move, the content. Concept / Approach: In Excel and many similar spreadsheet tools, drag and drop without modifiers moves the selected cells. Holding the Ctrl key while dragging usually changes the operation from move to copy. The cursor icon also changes to show a plus sign, indicating that a copy will be created at the destination while the original remains. Other keys such as Shift and Alt have different roles, often related to range selection or menu behaviour, not copying via drag and drop. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that a standard drag from the border of a selected cell moves the content to the new location. Step 2: When you hold the Ctrl key and then drag, Excel shows a small plus sign near the cursor, indicating that the operation is a copy rather than a move. Step 3: Test mentally or in practice that after dropping, the original cell still contains the data and the destination cell also gains the same data, which confirms a copy. Step 4: Recognise that Shift is often used to extend selections or change insertion behaviour, and Alt is used for accessing menu elements, not for copy drag in this context. Verification / Alternative check: If you have access to a spreadsheet, you can select a cell with data, move the cursor to the edge until the move cursor appears, then drag without any key and observe that the original location becomes empty. Repeating the action with the Ctrl key pressed while dragging will leave the original cell filled and place a copy in the destination. This direct observation confirms that Ctrl is the correct modifier key. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Shift key: This is wrong because Shift typically modifies selection range or shifts cells during drag, but it does not perform a copy operation in the same way as Ctrl during drag and drop of cells. Alt key: This is wrong because Alt is mainly used for accessing ribbon shortcuts or menus and is not the standard key for copying via drag and drop in spreadsheets. End key: This is wrong because the End key is used to navigate to the end of ranges or toggle navigation modes, not to change a move operation into a copy. Common Pitfalls: Some users rely only on copy and paste commands and do not explore drag and drop features, missing a convenient shortcut. Others may confuse Ctrl plus drag with Shift plus drag due to habits from file managers or other programs. It is important to remember that in Excel, Ctrl plus drag is the common way to copy cells while dragging. Final Answer: To copy cell contents using drag and drop, you hold down the Ctrl key while dragging.

Question 9

In many word processing programs, which keyboard shortcut is commonly used to open the font dialog box to change font style and size?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your familiarity with keyboard shortcuts in word processing software. Shortcuts allow users to access formatting options much faster than using only the mouse. One frequently used dialog is the font dialog box, where you can change the font family, style, size, and effects such as bold or underline. Remembering the common shortcut helps improve typing and formatting efficiency. Given Data / Assumptions: The environment is a word processing program with support for keyboard shortcuts. The user wants to open the font dialog box. Concept / Approach: Many word processors allow font related shortcuts. In several configurations and versions, the combination Ctrl+Shift+F is associated with opening the font dialog or changing font settings. While exact shortcuts can differ slightly between versions and products, exam style general knowledge questions often test this commonly taught combination. Therefore, we look for the option that matches this known pattern. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine option A, Ctrl+Shift+F. This combination is widely documented in exam material as a shortcut related to the font dialog or font settings. Step 2: Examine option B, Alt+Ctrl+F. This three key combination is less standard for font dialog access and is not typically introduced as a primary font shortcut in basic courses. Step 3: Examine option C, Alt+Shift+F. This combination does not match the widely remembered pattern for font settings and is more likely to be unused or reserved for other functions. Step 4: Examine option D, None of the above. This would be chosen only if no provided combination matched common teaching, but here Ctrl+Shift+F is accepted in many syllabi. Verification / Alternative check: In some word processing environments, you may verify by pressing Ctrl+Shift+F while editing a document. If the font dialog appears or you see a change in the font setting interface, this confirms the link between the shortcut and font configuration. Even where other shortcuts like Ctrl+D are also used, exam questions often select Ctrl+Shift+F as the relevant tested shortcut, so it remains the best answer among these options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Alt+Ctrl+F: This is wrong because it is not commonly taught as the main shortcut for the font dialog in basic office application courses and may be unassigned or used for a different function. Alt+Shift+F: This is wrong because it does not correspond to the standard documented shortcut for opening font settings in typical exam oriented study material. None of the above: This is wrong because there is an option, Ctrl+Shift+F, which matches the shortcut widely used in examples and training material, so the correct answer is already listed. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse different formatting shortcuts, such as Ctrl+B for bold or Ctrl+I for italics, with shortcuts that open dialog boxes. Another pitfall is relying solely on one specific version of a program and assuming that its exact set of shortcuts is universal. For competitive exams, it is safer to remember the combinations most frequently referenced in standard textbooks and notes. Final Answer: The commonly used shortcut to open the font dialog box in many word processors is Ctrl+Shift+F.

Question 10

In basic computer terminology, starting or restarting a computer is commonly referred to as which process?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question covers a very common piece of computer vocabulary. When a computer is powered on or restarted, it goes through a sequence where hardware is checked and the operating system is loaded. This sequence has a specific name that every computer user should know, because it is frequently mentioned in manuals, troubleshooting guides, and exam questions. Given Data / Assumptions: The situation is starting or restarting a computer. The options include booting, formatting, tasking, and uploading the system. Concept / Approach: The term booting refers to the bootstrapping process in which the computer loads the operating system into memory from storage and prepares the system for use. Formatting is related to preparing a storage device such as a hard disk. Tasking is associated with running tasks or processes. Uploading is associated with sending data from a local computer to a remote server. Therefore, only booting correctly describes the act of starting or restarting a computer system. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the activity described, which is starting or restarting a computer. Step 2: Match this activity with the correct computer science term. When power is turned on or reset, the machine performs a boot sequence to load the operating system. Step 3: Evaluate option A, booting the system, which clearly describes this process. Step 4: Evaluate option B, formatting the system, which refers to preparing storage media and is not done every time the computer starts. Step 5: Evaluate option C, tasking the system, which is not a standard term for starting a computer. Step 6: Evaluate option D, uploading the system, which is unrelated to powering on a local machine. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify the answer by recalling phrases used by technicians and operating system messages. For example, users are often told to reboot the system, that is, to restart it and let it boot again. Manuals also refer to the boot process or boot menu. Terms like format, upload, or task are rarely used in this context, which confirms that booting is the standard word. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Formatting the system: This is wrong because formatting erases and prepares a disk and is a separate maintenance operation, not part of everyday startup for users. Tasking the system: This is wrong because tasking is not a formal term for startup. Operating systems may support multitasking, but that describes running many tasks at once, not the initial loading process. Uploading the system: This is wrong because uploading means sending data to a server or website. It does not describe turning on a local computer or loading its operating system. Common Pitfalls: Students may be misled by incorrect phrases they see casually used, such as tasking the system, which have no formal meaning. Another common confusion is between rebooting and formatting, especially when reinstalling an operating system, but these are very different operations. Remember that boot or booting specifically refers to loading the operating system at startup. Final Answer: Starting or restarting a computer is commonly called Booting the system.

Question 11

From the following computer components, which one is not primarily used as a data storage device?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests whether you can distinguish between storage devices and peripheral devices in a computer system. Storage devices are used to store data, either permanently or temporarily, while other devices may be used for input or output. Being able to classify devices correctly is essential in basic computer awareness. Given Data / Assumptions: The options include a hard drive, a printer, and RAM, plus a none of the above choice. The question asks for the device that is not a storage device. Concept / Approach: Hard drives are primary secondary storage devices, used to store data and programs permanently until they are deleted. RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a primary storage device that stores data temporarily while programs are running. A printer is an output device that produces a physical copy of data on paper. It does not store data in the sense used in computer architecture. Therefore the printer is not classified as a storage device. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Consider the hard drive. It stores the operating system, applications, and user files over long periods. This is a classic example of a storage device. Step 2: Consider RAM. It is used by the CPU to hold data and instructions during processing. Even though RAM is volatile, it is still classified as memory or primary storage. Step 3: Consider the printer. Its purpose is to receive output data and put it onto paper. It does not hold user data for computation or long term storage. Step 4: Recognise that if one of the devices is clearly not storage, the option none of the above cannot be correct. Verification / Alternative check: Another way to verify the answer is to ask yourself which of these devices you would use to save a file. You could save it on a hard drive or store it temporarily in RAM while an application is open, but you would not save a file to a printer. A printer simply prints what it receives and does not serve as electronic storage in the system. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Hard drive: This is wrong because it is a standard secondary storage device used for long term data storage. Random Access Memory RAM: This is wrong because RAM is classified as primary storage or main memory, even though it is volatile and cleared when the power is off. None of the above: This is wrong because there is indeed one device among the options, the printer, that is not a storage device. Therefore none of the above cannot be correct. Common Pitfalls: A common misunderstanding is to think that only devices with permanent storage like hard drives count as storage, and thus to incorrectly treat RAM as not storage. In computer terminology, both RAM and disk are storage, though one is primary and the other is secondary. Another pitfall is to overthink the question and ignore the simple fact that a printer is clearly just an output device. Final Answer: The device that is not a storage device is the Printer.

Question 12

In computer memory technology, what is the main use of an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM chip?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question examines your knowledge of EPROM, a type of non volatile memory technology. EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. It is used in situations where firmware or microcode needs to be stored in a chip but may require updates or corrections during development or maintenance. Understanding what makes EPROM special compared to simple ROM or one time programmable memory is important in computer hardware studies. Given Data / Assumptions: The device discussed is EPROM, not ordinary ROM or RAM. The options describe different possible uses related to erasing and reconstructing contents. Concept / Approach: A standard ROM chip is programmed once at the factory and cannot be changed. EPROM, however, can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light through a small quartz window and then reprogrammed using a programmer device. This makes EPROM suitable for firmware that may need updates. Therefore, the best description is that EPROM allows both erasing and then reconstructing or rewriting the contents of ROM on the same chip. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Examine option A, which states that EPROM can be used for erasing and then reconstructing the contents of ROM by reprogramming. This matches the well known behaviour of EPROM. Step 2: Examine option B, duplicating ROM chips without any erasing step. This is closer to simple copying or ROM duplication and does not reflect the special erasable nature of EPROM. Step 3: Examine option C, reconstructing contents without removing existing data. In practice, to change what is stored, EPROM must first be erased, so this description is incomplete or misleading. Step 4: Examine option D, erasing contents permanently so the chip can never be reused. This is the opposite of EPROM purpose because the chip is designed for reuse after erasure. Verification / Alternative check: Technical references explain that EPROM chips can go through several cycles of erase and program during development. Engineers burn new versions of firmware into the EPROM, test, erase again, and reprogram until the design is final. This real use case confirms that the primary value of EPROM is the ability to erase and reconstruct the stored contents multiple times rather than simply duplicating or destroying them. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Duplicating ROM chips without any erasing step: This is wrong because duplication can be done with one time programmable ROM or mask ROM. The erasable feature is not highlighted here. Reconstructing contents without removing existing data: This is wrong because EPROM contents must be erased before they can be changed or reconstructed. Data cannot simply be overwritten bit by bit without an erase cycle. Erasing contents permanently so that it can never be reused: This is wrong because EPROM is designed for reuse. Permanent destruction is not the goal; that would defeat the purpose of erasability. Common Pitfalls: Students may confuse EPROM with EEPROM or flash memory, which can be electrically erased without ultraviolet light. Another pitfall is to think of ROM as strictly unchangeable and therefore assume that any mention of erasing must be destructive. In reality, EPROM retains data without power but can still be erased in a controlled way and then programmed again. Final Answer: An EPROM chip is mainly used for Erasing and then reconstructing the contents of ROM by reprogramming the chip.

Question 13

Word processing, spreadsheet, and photo editing programs are all examples of which broad category of computer software?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks your understanding of how computer software is classified. In everyday computing, users interact with many different programs, such as word processors, spreadsheets, and image editors. All of these help the user perform specific tasks and are grouped together under a particular type of software category that differs from system level software like operating systems. Given Data / Assumptions: Examples given are word processing, spreadsheet, and photo editing programs. The options include system software, application software, operating systems, and platform software. Concept / Approach: Application software consists of programs that perform specific user oriented tasks such as writing documents, managing data, creating presentations, and editing images. System software includes operating systems and utilities that manage hardware resources. Operating systems are a specific type of system software. Platform software is sometimes used to describe underlying environments or frameworks. Since word processors, spreadsheets, and photo editors are all task oriented programs used directly by users, they belong to application software. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the common characteristic of the examples. All of them are tools that users open to do work such as writing, calculating, or editing images. Step 2: Recall the definition of application software as made for specific user tasks on top of the operating system. Step 3: Compare this with the definition of system software, which includes the operating system and basic utilities that manage the computer itself. Step 4: Recognise that operating systems like Windows or Linux are not the same as the user programs described and represent a separate category. Step 5: Therefore, the only category that correctly includes the examples is application software. Verification / Alternative check: Consider how these programs are installed and run. After installing an operating system, users typically install office suites, image editing tools, and other applications. The operating system provides services such as file management and memory management, while the applications provide specific features. This separation into operating system and applications is widely described in basic computer textbooks, which supports the classification of the given examples as application software. Why Other Options Are Wrong: System software: This is wrong because system software refers to operating systems and utilities that manage the computer hardware. Word processing or photo editing programs do not manage the system; they run on top of it. Operating systems: This is wrong because operating systems like Windows or Linux are not themselves word processors or spreadsheets. They are platforms on which those applications run. Platform software: This is wrong because the term platform is more abstract and does not specifically describe user task oriented programs. It is not the standard name used in basic exam syllabi for these tools. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes assume that any popular program is system software, mixing up usage frequency with classification. Another pitfall is to think that if an application is pre installed with the operating system, it must be part of system software, but classification depends on function, not pre installation status. Remember that if the main purpose is to help the user perform a task, it is application software. Final Answer: Word processing, spreadsheet, and photo editing programs are all examples of Application software.

Question 14

In Microsoft Word mail merge, the mailing list that stores names and addresses is known as the

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Introduction / Context: This question is about the mail merge feature in Microsoft Word and similar word processing programs. Mail merge allows a user to create multiple personalised documents, such as letters or labels, using a single template and a list of recipients. The list that holds information such as names, addresses, or other fields has a specific term in mail merge terminology. Given Data / Assumptions: The context is Word mail merge, not general spreadsheet usage. The list contains mailing information such as names and addresses. Concept / Approach: In mail merge terminology, the file or table that contains records of recipients is called the data source. This data source can be an Excel sheet, a database table, or another structured list, but within Word mail merge it is always referred to using that specific phrase. The main document, such as a form letter, is connected to the data source and merges fields like FirstName or Address into the final personalised outputs. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that mail merge involves two main components, the main document and the data source containing variable information. Step 2: When Word prompts you to select recipients, it asks you to choose or create a data source, confirming this is the official term. Step 3: Option A, data source, therefore aligns directly with the terminology used in dialogs and help texts. Step 4: Options B and D, sheet and data sheet, sound more like spreadsheet terms and are not the formal name used in the Word mail merge interface. Step 5: Option C, source, is too general and does not capture the full descriptive phrase used in the tool. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify this by opening Microsoft Word, going to Mailings, starting a mail merge, and examining the labels in the wizard or ribbon. The buttons and instructions refer to selecting a data source or editing the recipient list, not to selecting a sheet or generic source. This confirms that data source is the correct term in this context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Sheet: This is wrong because sheet refers more specifically to a worksheet in a spreadsheet program like Excel. While a sheet can act as the underlying store, Word does not call the mailing list simply a sheet. Source: This is wrong because it is too vague. Mail merge uses the term data source to emphasise that the file provides data fields for merge, not just a generic source. Data sheet: This is wrong because data sheet is not the official Word mail merge term. It may sound similar but is not what appears in the user interface or documentation. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes conflate Excel terminology with Word terminology, especially when using an Excel file as the list. They then incorrectly assume that sheet or worksheet is the correct answer. Another common mistake is to pick a word that sounds technical without checking whether it is used in the specific feature being asked about. Reading dialog labels in Word is a good way to become familiar with the exact terms. Final Answer: In Word mail merge, the mailing list is known as the Data source.

Question 15

In personal computer hardware, the main system board inside the cabinet is also known as the

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is about the primary circuit board found inside a desktop or laptop computer. This board holds major components such as the CPU, memory slots, and expansion slots, and connects all other hardware devices together. Over time, different names have been used for this board, and understanding that several of them are synonymous is helpful for reading technical documentation and exam questions. Given Data / Assumptions: The device in question is the main system board inside a personal computer. The options include motherboard, main circuit board, and baseboard, as well as all of the above. Concept / Approach: The primary board in a computer is most commonly called the motherboard. However, it can also be accurately described as the main circuit board or the baseboard because all other boards and components attach to it. Many textbooks explain that system board, main board, motherboard, and baseboard are equivalent ways to refer to the same component. Therefore, if the question asks which of the listed terms refers to the system board, and all listed terms are correct, the correct answer is all of the above. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Evaluate option A, motherboard. This is the most popular name used in everyday speech and in hardware marketing, and it definitely refers to the system board. Step 2: Evaluate option B, main circuit board. This is a descriptive phrase indicating that the board is the central circuitry of the computer, which matches the role of the system board. Step 3: Evaluate option C, baseboard. This term is sometimes used in technical specifications and is also a synonym for the system board. Step 4: Recognise that since all three labels correctly describe the same hardware, option D, all of the above, must be the best answer. Verification / Alternative check: You can confirm this by checking hardware textbooks or repair guides, many of which introduce the term motherboard and then mention that it is also known as the system board, main board, or baseboard. The diagrams showing CPU sockets, RAM slots, and expansion slots all refer to this same major board, regardless of which synonym is used. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Motherboard: This alone is not fully wrong because it is a correct synonym, but the presence of other correct synonyms means it is incomplete compared with all of the above. Main circuit board: This alone is incomplete for the same reason. It is accurate but not the most comprehensive answer when multiple correct labels are given. Baseboard: This is also a correct but incomplete term for the system board when considered alone. The question expects the answer that acknowledges all synonyms. Common Pitfalls: Many learners quickly choose motherboard because it is the most familiar and then ignore the other options. However, multiple choice questions often require you to notice when several statements are all correct and therefore need an all of the above response. It is a good habit to check each option before finalising your answer, especially when an all of the above choice is present. Final Answer: The system board is also known as the All of the above, that is, it may be called the motherboard, main circuit board, or baseboard.

Question 16

In traditional IPv4 networking, an IP address used on the internet is currently how long?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests basic networking knowledge about the length of an IPv4 address. Internet Protocol version 4 uses a numerical address to identify devices on a network. Understanding how many bytes or bits make up an IPv4 address is fundamental to topics such as subnetting, addressing schemes, and the explanation of address exhaustion. Given Data / Assumptions: The context is IPv4, not IPv6. The question asks about the length of the IP address in bytes. Concept / Approach: An IPv4 address is 32 bits long. Since one byte is equal to 8 bits, 32 bits is equal to 4 bytes. This address is often written in dotted decimal notation as four octets, such as 192.168.1.10, where each octet represents one byte. Therefore, the correct length is 4 bytes. Options referring to 6 bytes confuse IPv4 with other identifiers such as MAC addresses, which are 48 bits or 6 bytes long. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that IPv4 addresses are 32 bits, a fact taught in basic networking courses. Step 2: Convert 32 bits to bytes. Divide by 8, giving 32 / 8 = 4 bytes. Step 3: Recognise that IPv4 addresses are commonly shown as four decimal numbers separated by dots, each representing one byte. Step 4: Verify that none of the other options correctly state the length or address availability in a way that matches textbook definitions. Verification / Alternative check: You can check any simple networking reference which states that IPv4 addresses are 32 bit identifiers. Since 8 bits equal 1 byte, this always translates to 4 bytes. Additionally, when you configure network settings manually, you typically enter four numbers between 0 and 255, matching the 4 byte structure. This direct evidence supports option A. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Available in plenty with no scarcity: This is wrong because it does not answer the question about length and also is misleading, as IPv4 address space is known to be limited and largely allocated. 6 bytes long: This is wrong because 6 bytes, or 48 bits, describes the size of a MAC address, not an IPv4 address. Not assigned because it is fully used: This is wrong both because it is not a size answer and because, even after address exhaustion, existing IPv4 addresses are still assigned and used; the protocol has not disappeared. Common Pitfalls: A common confusion is between IPv4 addresses and MAC addresses, which have different lengths and roles. Another pitfall is focusing on statements about scarcity or availability instead of the specific requirement to state the length in bytes. Always pay attention to what the question is asking numerically versus conceptually. Final Answer: An IPv4 address used on the internet is 4 bytes long.

Question 17

In Microsoft PowerPoint, a complete presentation file is best described as a collection of which of the following elements?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question deals with the components of a PowerPoint presentation. When you prepare a slideshow, PowerPoint allows not only the creation of visual slides but also supporting materials such as outlines, handouts, and speaker notes. Understanding that a full presentation can include all of these helps you make effective use of the software. Given Data / Assumptions: The application is Microsoft PowerPoint. The options list outlines, slides and handouts, and speaker notes, plus all of the above. Concept / Approach: A PowerPoint presentation file contains one or more slides, which are the primary visual units. From these slides, you can generate handouts for the audience and an outline view that summarises titles and bullet points. You can also attach speaker notes to each slide to guide the presenter. Because all of these elements are part of the same presentation file, a complete presentation can be described as a collection of outlines, slides, handouts, and notes. Therefore, the most accurate answer is all of the above. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that without slides there is no presentation, so slides are clearly part of the collection. Step 2: Remember that PowerPoint can display an outline view which summarises slide titles and bullets, so outlines are also part of the presentation structure. Step 3: Acknowledge that PowerPoint can print handouts where several slides are arranged on a page for audience distribution, which are derived from the same file. Step 4: Note that speaker notes are stored with each slide in the presentation and are available during the slideshow in presenter view. Step 5: Since all listed items are valid parts of a presentation, choose all of the above. Verification / Alternative check: If you open a real PowerPoint presentation, you can switch between normal view, outline view, and slide sorter view, and also open the notes pane. When printing, you can choose to print slides, handouts, or notes pages. All of these depend on the same presentation file, which confirms that a presentation is more than just a set of slides. This supports selecting all of the above as the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Outlines: This alone is incomplete because a presentation includes much more than text outlines, such as images, charts, and design elements on slides. Slides and handouts: This is incomplete because it ignores speaker notes and outlines, which are also stored with the presentation and are part of its structure. Speaker notes: This alone is incomplete because it does not include the visual slides or the outlines used to organise the content. Notes are a supporting component, not the entire presentation. Common Pitfalls: Many users think only in terms of slides and ignore other views and print layouts, so they may underestimate the richness of a PowerPoint file. Another pitfall is not reading the question carefully and overlooking that it asks for the best description of a whole presentation file, which should include all associated elements. Final Answer: A PowerPoint presentation is a collection of All of the above, including outlines, slides and handouts, and speaker notes.

Question 18

In computer terminology, a paper printout of a document produced by a printer is known as what type of copy?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question asks you to recall a basic term used in computer terminology when referring to printed output. Whenever a document is printed on paper, there is a standard phrase that distinguishes this physical record from the version stored on the computer screen or disk. This distinction between hard copy and soft copy is widely used in schools, offices, and exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The context is a document printed by a printer onto paper. The options include hard copy, soft copy, permanent output, and all of the above. Concept / Approach: Hard copy refers to a physical printed version of data, such as text on paper. Soft copy refers to information displayed on a screen or stored digitally, such as a file on disk or an image on a monitor. Permanent output is not a standard formal term used to classify copies in basic computer terminology. Therefore, the correct term for a paper printout is hard copy. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the question is about a paper printout produced by a printer. Step 2: Recall that the standard term for such a physical print is hard copy. Step 3: Recognise that soft copy is used to describe on screen or digital versions, not printed ones. Step 4: Note that permanent output is not the textbook phrase used in this context, even if a printout can last a long time. Step 5: Since only hard copy precisely matches the accepted term, it must be the correct answer and all of the above cannot be right. Verification / Alternative check: Look at standard computer fundamentals books, which usually define hard copy as any information printed on paper or similar media, and soft copy as the screen display or digital data. The examples given often include printed reports and bills as hard copies. This consistent use of terminology across references confirms that hard copy is the correct term for a printer produced paper document. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Soft copy: This is wrong because soft copy refers to data in electronic form, such as a document viewed on a monitor or stored in a file, not a printed version. Permanent output: This is wrong because, although printouts can be long lasting, permanent output is not the standard term taught in computer awareness topics. The question expects the specific phrase hard copy. All of the above: This is wrong because at least one of the listed options, soft copy, clearly does not describe a paper printout. Therefore not all statements can be correct at the same time. Common Pitfalls: Some learners are tempted by all of the above, thinking that any phrase describing output might count. Others mix up the meanings of hard copy and soft copy because both refer to the same underlying information. Remember to focus on the form in which the information is presented; physical printed form is always hard copy in this terminology. Final Answer: A paper printout of a document produced by a printer is known as a Hard copy.

Question 19

In word processing software such as Microsoft Word, switching between portrait and landscape page orientation is done through which feature?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on page orientation settings in word processing software. When creating documents, users may need to print on tall pages, called portrait orientation, or wide pages, called landscape orientation. Knowing where to change this setting is part of practical computer skills for office work and exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The software is a word processor such as Microsoft Word. The task is switching between portrait and landscape modes. Concept / Approach: The page orientation setting is part of page layout configuration, not part of the content editing view or header footer tools. In Microsoft Word, such options are typically found under Page Setup or the Page Layout group, where users can choose portrait or landscape orientation. The print layout view controls how the page is displayed on screen but does not itself change orientation. The header and footer toolbar is used for editing content at the top and bottom of pages. Arc map is unrelated to standard word processors. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that page orientation is fundamentally a page setup property affecting the entire document or selected sections. Step 2: Examine option D, page setup dialog box, which is exactly where orientation settings are found in many versions of Word. Step 3: Examine option A, print layout view. This view shows the document as it will appear when printed, but orientation changes are made through settings, not by just switching views. Step 4: Examine option C, header and footer toolbar. This tool is for editing headers and footers, not for changing orientation. Step 5: Examine option B, arc map, which is not a feature of Word page setup at all. Verification / Alternative check: If you open Word and wish to change orientation, you typically go to the Layout or Page Layout tab and choose Orientation, which internally uses page setup settings. The dialogues and menu labels refer to page setup when configuring margins, paper size, and orientation. This confirms that page setup is the correct place to perform the operation described in the question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Print layout view: This is wrong because a view controls how you see the document on screen but does not, by itself, change the orientation of pages. Orientation change is still done via page setup options. Arc map: This is wrong because it is not a standard term or tool in word processing. It may refer to unrelated mapping software but has nothing to do with page orientation in Word. Header and footer toolbar: This is wrong because it allows you to insert and modify header and footer content, page numbers, and similar elements. It does not contain the commands to switch between portrait and landscape orientation. Common Pitfalls: Some users confuse what they see with the underlying settings and think that changing the view mode alters page layout properties. Others may spend time searching in header or footer tools for layout options. The key is to remember that anything involving margins, paper size, or orientation is found under page setup or layout menus, not under content editing toolbars. Final Answer: Switching between portrait and landscape page orientation is done through the Page setup dialog box.

Question 20

In Microsoft Word, which function key is used to update a selected field such as a table of contents or page number?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests knowledge of function key shortcuts in Microsoft Word. Fields such as automatic page numbers, dates, or tables of contents are dynamic elements that can be updated with a single command. Knowing which function key triggers an update saves time when working with long or frequently edited documents. Given Data / Assumptions: The context is Microsoft Word or a similar word processor. The object to be updated is a field, such as a table of contents or page number. Concept / Approach: In Microsoft Word, selecting a field and pressing F9 causes Word to update that field. For example, after editing headings in a document, selecting the table of contents and pressing F9 updates it to reflect the latest changes. Similarly, other fields like date or cross references can be refreshed with F9. The other function keys in the options have different purposes and are not used specifically for field updating. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall from practice or study that F9 is the standard key for updating fields in Word. Step 2: Compare with F11, which is generally associated with moving between fields in some contexts but not the main update command in typical exam material. Step 3: Compare with F12, which is widely used as a shortcut for Save As in many versions of Word, not for updating fields. Step 4: Compare with F6, which is used to move focus between panes within Word, such as between the document and task panes, and again is not the field update key. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify the shortcut by creating a simple document in Word, inserting a field such as a date or a table of contents, and then pressing F9 while the field is selected. You should see it refresh its content. The Word help documentation and many training guides also state that F9 updates selected fields, reinforcing this as the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: F11: This is wrong because F11 is associated with other navigation or macro support functions and is not used as the primary field update key in basic training material. F12: This is wrong because F12 typically triggers Save As in Word and is not related to updating fields. F6: This is wrong because F6 shifts focus between different panes or panels in the Word interface, not for updating field content. Common Pitfalls: Many users update fields by right clicking and choosing update field from the context menu, and therefore do not memorise the F9 shortcut. Another pitfall is confusing F9 with other function keys that may be used in web browsers or integrated development environments. To avoid confusion, remember that F9 in Word is closely tied to field updates, especially for tables of contents. Final Answer: The function key used to update a selected field in Microsoft Word is F9.

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