Question 1

In computer software, which pair consists of programs that are typically distributed as freeware for users to download and use at no cost?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Freeware is a common term in computer fundamentals and basic IT exams. It refers to fully functional software that users can download and use without paying a license fee. This question tests whether you can correctly recognise examples of freeware and distinguish them from related concepts such as shareware, trial versions and commercial software. Understanding this difference is useful for both exam preparation and safe everyday computer use. Given Data / Assumptions: The term freeware means software that is available at no monetary cost to the user. Options include combinations of well known software types and products such as WinZip, Linux, Microsoft Word and the Google Toolbar. We assume a typical exam context that follows standard textbook definitions of freeware. Concept / Approach: Freeware is software that is free to use but usually still copyrighted. It is different from shareware, which is often a trial version that encourages users to pay after a limited time, and different from open source software, where the source code is available for modification and redistribution under specific licences. Many instant messaging programs and browser toolbars are offered as freeware. Microsoft Word is a paid commercial product. WinZip is usually classified as shareware because it encourages payment after a trial period. Linux distributions are normally open source rather than described specifically as freeware in exam language. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that freeware is software that users can download and use free of charge on a long term basis. Step 2: Consider instant messaging programs such as many chat clients which are provided without payment; these are typical freeware examples in school level questions. Step 3: The Google Toolbar, when it was widely used, was offered as a free add on for web browsers, and is therefore typically classified as freeware. Step 4: WinZip is commonly described as shareware, because it offers a trial period and then asks the user to pay for continued use. Step 5: Linux distributions are usually described as free and open source software, a slightly different category emphasising freedom to modify source code. Step 6: Microsoft Word is commercial proprietary software that requires a paid licence, so it is not freeware. Step 7: Trial antivirus products and demo games are usually time limited or feature limited trial software, not full freeware. Step 8: Therefore, the pair that best matches standard textbook examples of freeware is an instant messaging program and the Google Toolbar. Verification / Alternative check: Basic computer textbooks often list examples of freeware such as web browsers, email clients, instant messaging programs and browser toolbars. They contrast these with shareware, which is free only for a trial period, and with commercial programs such as Microsoft Office. If you check each option against this pattern, only the combination that includes an instant messaging program and the Google Toolbar fits clearly into the freeware category. This confirms that option d is the correct choice in the exam context. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option a includes WinZip, which is typically shareware, and Linux, which is better described as open source. Option b lists shareware and file sharing, which are categories or activities, not specific freeware programs. Option c combines Microsoft Word, a paid commercial product, with one freeware item, which makes the pair unsuitable. Option e mentions trial antivirus and a demo game, both of which are usually time limited trial versions rather than true freeware. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse the words free, freeware and free and open source. Free of cost does not always mean freeware in the textbook sense. Another common mistake is to think that any program you can download from the internet without paying upfront must be freeware, even if it only offers a trial period. In exam questions, focus on the standard categories taught: freeware, shareware, commercial software and open source software, and match examples accordingly. Final Answer: The correct pair of examples of freeware is an instant messaging program and the Google Toolbar.

Question 2

The operating system called UNIX is traditionally and typically used for which class of powerful computer systems?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question belongs to the topic of operating systems and types of computer systems. UNIX is a famous multiuser, multitasking operating system that has played a major role in the development of modern computing. The question asks where UNIX has been traditionally used most prominently, so you need to connect the operating system with the class of computer systems for which it was originally designed and widely deployed. Given Data / Assumptions: The operating system mentioned is UNIX. Options list desktop computers, laptop computers, super computers, all of these and handheld calculators. We assume a textbook level description that emphasises the historical and traditional usage of UNIX. UNIX is well known for multiuser and multitasking capabilities in large installations. Concept / Approach: UNIX was originally developed as a powerful, stable operating system for larger, multiuser computer systems, such as minicomputers and later supercomputers and servers. Its design stresses stability, security and support for many users and processes at once. While modern UNIX like systems and derivatives may run on desktops and laptops, traditional examples of UNIX usage in textbooks highlight its role on large scientific machines, high performance servers and supercomputers. Therefore, when asked for the class of powerful systems typically associated with UNIX, supercomputers is the most appropriate choice in this exam context. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that UNIX is a multiuser, multitasking operating system developed in research and academic environments for powerful machines. Step 2: Historically, UNIX variants have been used on minicomputers, mainframes and supercomputers that support many simultaneous users and complex tasks. Step 3: Desktop and laptop computers often run operating systems such as Windows or personal editions of Linux, rather than classic UNIX installations, especially in basic exam examples. Step 4: Handheld calculators usually run very simple embedded operating systems or firmware, not full UNIX systems. Step 5: In many computer awareness books, UNIX is mentioned in the context of powerful multiuser systems and supercomputers used in scientific and technical work. Step 6: The option all of these would suggest that UNIX is the usual choice on desktops, laptops and supercomputers, which is not how entry level texts describe typical usage. Step 7: Therefore, among the given choices, super computers are the best match for systems that traditionally use UNIX. Verification / Alternative check: If you recall diagrams or tables in computer fundamentals books, UNIX is often grouped with operating systems used on large or powerful computer systems rather than personal computers. Windows and macOS are usually listed for desktop and laptop systems, while UNIX and its variants appear under server and high performance computing categories. This pattern confirms that the exam question expects you to link UNIX primarily with supercomputers and similar powerful machines rather than everyday desktops or laptops. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Desktop computers and laptop computers can run UNIX like systems, but in standard computer awareness questions they are more commonly associated with personal operating systems like Windows. Handheld calculators do not typically use UNIX. The option all of these is too broad and does not reflect the traditional textbook association of UNIX with powerful multiuser systems. Only the super computers option directly captures the idea of large, powerful systems on which UNIX has been widely used. Common Pitfalls: Students may be tempted by all of these because modern UNIX derivatives or related systems can, in theory, run on many platforms. However, exam questions at this level usually focus on the most typical or traditional pairing rather than every possible installation. Another common mistake is to confuse UNIX with Linux or Windows, forgetting that UNIX originated in a multiuser environment and is classically tied to large systems rather than ordinary home machines. Final Answer: The UNIX operating system is traditionally and typically used on super computers and other large multiuser systems.

Question 3

In a typical microcomputer system, the physical hardware is grouped into which three basic categories of equipment?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of how basic computer hardware is categorised in introductory computer science. Microcomputer systems, such as personal computers, are usually described in terms of major hardware groups. Recognising these groups helps you organise your knowledge of components like the system unit, input or output devices and storage devices. Many computer awareness exams directly ask about these three basic categories. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to a microcomputer system, which is a common personal computer. It asks for three basic categories of physical equipment. Options include combinations that mention system unit, input or output devices, primary storage and secondary storage. We assume standard textbook grouping used in computer fundamentals chapters. Concept / Approach: Introductory texts often divide microcomputer hardware into three broad categories. The first is the system unit, which contains the central processing unit and main memory. The second is input or output devices, such as keyboard, mouse, monitor and printer, which allow communication with the computer. The third is secondary storage, which includes devices like hard drives, solid state drives and optical disks where data is stored for long term use. While primary storage is important, it is usually considered part of the system unit rather than a separate basic category at this level. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the main hardware group that holds the main electronic components of the computer. This is the system unit, which contains the CPU and primary memory on the motherboard. Step 2: Recognise that input devices such as keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as monitor and printer, form a second category: input or output devices. Step 3: Note that secondary storage devices like hard disks, solid state drives, USB drives and optical disks form a third important category, used for long term storage of data and programs. Step 4: Option c lists these three categories together: system unit, input or output devices and secondary storage. Step 5: Option a lists specific devices rather than broad categories, so it does not match the conceptual grouping requested. Step 6: Option b mixes memory with input or output devices but does not clearly identify secondary storage as a separate category. Step 7: Option d mentions primary and secondary storage but omits the important group of input or output devices. Step 8: Option e lists only three peripheral devices and leaves out the system unit and storage, so it is incomplete. Step 9: Therefore, the best answer that matches standard textbook categorisation is system unit, input or output devices and secondary storage. Verification / Alternative check: If you look at diagrams of a typical computer system in basic computer books, hardware is often drawn in three boxes: the system unit in the centre, surrounded by input or output devices like keyboard and monitor, and a separate box for storage devices such as disk drives. Captions label these groups with phrases like system unit, input or output devices and secondary storage. This consistent three way grouping confirms that option c reflects the expected answer in exam contexts. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option a is just a list of example devices and does not name the basic categories. Option b blurs the distinction between memory and input or output devices and does not clearly treat secondary storage as a separate group. Option d leaves out input or output devices entirely, which are fundamental components. Option e again lists only peripherals and ignores the system unit and storage, so it does not answer the question as asked. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes memorise individual devices without understanding the broader categories, leading them to select lists like keyboard, mouse, printer that feel familiar but do not match the conceptual grouping used in theory questions. Another pitfall is to confuse primary storage and secondary storage and assume they must form two of the three categories. Remember that primary storage (main memory) is part of the system unit, while secondary storage is treated separately along with the group of input or output devices. Final Answer: The three basic hardware categories in a microcomputer system are system unit, input or output devices and secondary storage.

Question 4

In a personal computer, which components provide expansion capability by allowing additional circuit boards to be inserted into the system unit?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on the physical structure of a computer system unit and how hardware can be expanded. Many personal computers allow users to add extra capabilities, such as better graphics, sound, network interfaces or storage controllers. These additions are often made by plugging expansion cards into special connectors on the motherboard. Understanding the correct term for these connectors is an important part of basic computer hardware knowledge. Given Data / Assumptions: We are dealing with a standard desktop or microcomputer system. The question asks which components provide expansion capability. Options include sockets, slots, bytes, none of these and heat sinks. We assume a basic understanding of motherboard layout and expansion cards. Concept / Approach: On a motherboard, long narrow connectors called expansion slots are used to hold expansion cards. Examples include PCI slots and PCI Express slots. These slots provide electrical connections and physical support so that new hardware can be added. Sockets are used for chips such as the central processing unit, not for expansion cards in general. Bytes are units of data, not hardware. Heat sinks are used to dissipate heat from chips and have nothing to do with expansion capability. Therefore, the correct term for components that provide expansion capability is slots. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Visualise the inside of a desktop computer. On the main circuit board, or motherboard, you see several long connector strips where circuit boards can be inserted. Step 2: These connectors are called expansion slots. Common examples include PCI and PCI Express slots for graphics cards and other expansion cards. Step 3: When you add a new graphics card, sound card or network card, you plug the card into one of these expansion slots, thereby expanding the computer capabilities. Step 4: Sockets on the motherboard, by contrast, are usually designed to hold integrated circuits such as the CPU or memory modules, and are not generally described as providing overall expansion capability. Step 5: Bytes are units of digital data and have no physical form, so they cannot be physical components for expansion. Step 6: Heat sinks are metal components attached to chips to remove heat and keep them cool. They do not provide connectivity for new devices. Step 7: Option b, slots, therefore best matches the idea of expansion capability through additional cards. Verification / Alternative check: Most hardware manuals and introductory guides to computer assembly explicitly state that expansion cards are installed in available expansion slots on the motherboard. The word slot is repeatedly used to describe these connectors. In contrast, the term socket is reserved for components like the CPU socket or memory sockets, which usually support required components but are not described in textbooks as the main expansion feature of personal computers. This confirms that slots is the term the question is targeting. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Sockets do hold important chips but are not the primary mechanism for adding optional new features through expansion cards. Bytes refer to a quantity of data and have no physical presence. The option none of these is incorrect because one of the listed terms is clearly correct. Heat sinks are part of the cooling system and do not add new functions to the computer. Common Pitfalls: Students may confuse sockets and slots because both are connectors on the motherboard. A useful way to remember the difference is that slots are usually long and narrow for cards, while sockets are often square or rectangular for chips. Another pitfall is to overthink the question and consider abstract terms such as bytes, forgetting that the question clearly refers to physical components that provide expansion capability. Final Answer: In a personal computer, expansion capability is provided by slots on the motherboard where additional cards can be inserted.

Question 5

In computer memory, what key characteristic of read only memory ROM makes it especially useful for storing important start up instructions?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is about basic computer memory concepts, specifically the role of read only memory, usually abbreviated as ROM. In every computer, certain critical instructions must be available immediately when the machine is powered on. These instructions are often stored in ROM. To understand why ROM is suitable for this purpose, you must know its key characteristic compared to other types of memory such as random access memory RAM. Given Data / Assumptions: The memory type mentioned is read only memory, ROM. The question asks which characteristic makes ROM useful. Options suggest ideas about non volatility, update capability, storage size, interchangeability and speed. We assume a standard definition where ROM is mostly written once and then used many times for reading. Concept / Approach: ROM is a type of non volatile memory, which means that the data stored inside it remains even when electrical power is turned off. This is in contrast to RAM, which is volatile and loses its contents when power is removed. Because ROM retains data permanently or semi permanently, it is ideal for storing firmware and start up instructions that the computer needs every time it boots. The fact that ROM is not meant to be updated frequently by the user is actually a limitation, not the feature that is being highlighted as useful in this question. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that when a computer is turned on, it must execute a fixed set of instructions to test hardware and start the operating system. Step 2: These instructions are stored in firmware, which is commonly placed in ROM chips on the motherboard. Step 3: The most important requirement for these instructions is that they must still be present even after the power has been off for a long time. Step 4: ROM satisfies this requirement because it is non volatile memory. Non volatile means that data does not disappear when power is removed. Step 5: Option b states this property directly: data in ROM is non volatile and remains stored even without electrical power. Step 6: Option a suggests that ROM information can be easily updated, which is not generally true for basic ROM, and is not the reason it is useful. Step 7: Option c claims ROM provides very large amounts of inexpensive storage, but large cheap storage is more characteristic of devices such as hard disks or flash storage. Step 8: Option d mentions swapping ROM chips between different brands of computers, which is not a standard advantage and often not possible. Step 9: Option e talks about processing speed, but ROM is usually slower than RAM and is not used to speed up all programs. Step 10: Therefore, the correct answer is the non volatile nature of ROM data. Verification / Alternative check: When you unplug a computer and then start it the next day, it immediately begins the boot process. The instructions that enable this are stored in firmware chips that do not lose their content when the computer is turned off. This behaviour clearly shows non volatility. RAM modules, on the other hand, lose all data when the computer is powered down. Textbooks and exam guides underline this contrast and specifically state that ROM is used to store start up programs because it is non volatile, confirming option b as the intended answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Easy updating is not a general property of ROM. Some special types like flash memory can be rewritten, but traditional ROM is programmed once. Large inexpensive storage is more associated with hard drives or other secondary storage devices. Swapping ROM chips between machines is rare and not the main reason ROM is considered useful. Increasing processing speed is related to cache memory and RAM performance, not to ROM, which is usually slower to access. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse ROM with other memory types such as EEPROM or flash memory and think frequent updating is the main advantage. Another common mistake is to focus only on the word read in ROM and assume that read speed or protection from writing is the key point. For exam purposes, the central feature you should remember is that ROM is non volatile, making it ideal for storing important programs that must persist across power cycles. Final Answer: The useful characteristic of ROM is that data in ROM is non volatile and remains stored even when there is no electrical power.

Question 6

In the context of email services, an email account includes a storage area for incoming messages that is commonly called a what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests basic internet and email terminology, which is a frequent topic in computer awareness exams. Every email account has a place where messages are stored so that the user can read, reply and organise them. Knowing the common name for this storage area helps you understand everyday instructions in email applications and online help documents. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to an email account. It mentions a storage area included with the account. Options list mailbox, hyperlink, IP address, none of these and home page. We assume common usage of these terms in email and internet contexts. Concept / Approach: An email account provides a virtual mailbox where email messages are stored on a server or in a local program. The word mailbox is used by almost all email services to represent the folder or storage area that receives incoming mail. A hyperlink is a clickable link on a web page. An IP address is a numerical label assigned to devices on a network. A home page is the main page of a website or browser start page. None of these other terms describe the storage area for email messages. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Think about what happens when someone sends you an email. The message is delivered to your email account on a server. Step 2: The server stores that message in an area associated with your account so that you can log in later and read it. Step 3: This storage area is commonly called your mailbox or inbox. Many interfaces even label it Inbox but the general term is mailbox. Step 4: Option a, mailbox, matches this concept directly and is the word used in many email systems. Step 5: Option b, hyperlink, refers to a link usually found on web pages that users click to navigate from one document to another. Step 6: Option c, IP address, is a technical network identifier and has nothing to do with message storage inside an email service. Step 7: Option e, home page, is the starting page of a website or the default page in a browser, not the storage area for email messages. Step 8: Option d, none of these, is incorrect because mailbox is clearly a valid and correct term. Verification / Alternative check: If you log in to popular email services, you will see headings such as Inbox, Sent, Drafts and Trash. Help pages often refer to the Inbox or mailbox where new messages arrive. Configuration settings may talk about mailbox size or storage quota, again confirming that mailbox is the accepted term. Neither hyperlinks, IP addresses nor home pages are described as message storage areas in email documentation, so they can be safely ruled out. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Hyperlink refers to navigation on the web and is not tied to message storage. IP address is a network concept used by routers and computers to send data across the internet. Home page is related to websites and browsers, not email storage. None of these covers the simple idea of a place where emails are stored for a user to read later. Common Pitfalls: Because the word inbox is widely used, some students may hesitate between mailbox and another term. Remember that inbox is a specific folder within your mailbox, while mailbox is a general word for the storage area associated with an email account. In exam questions, mailbox is often used as the generic answer. Also, avoid reading too much into technical sounding terms like IP address, as they can be distractors when the question is actually simple. Final Answer: The storage area associated with an email account is commonly called a mailbox.

Question 7

Which of the following terms refers to a small single site computer network, typically used within one building or campus?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question belongs to basic networking concepts. Computer networks are classified according to their size and geographic spread. A small network that connects computers within one room, building or campus has a specific name that appears frequently in exams and textbooks. Recognising the correct term is important for understanding network diagrams and real life installations in offices and schools. Given Data / Assumptions: The description is a small single site network. Examples would include a school lab, office floor or home network. Options include LAN, DSL, RAM, USB and CPU. We assume standard textbook definitions of these abbreviations. Concept / Approach: LAN stands for Local Area Network and is defined as a network that covers a small geographic area such as a room, building or campus. It connects computers and devices so that they can share resources. DSL is Digital Subscriber Line, a technology used for internet access over telephone lines. RAM is Random Access Memory, a type of computer memory. USB is Universal Serial Bus, a type of connection interface. CPU is Central Processing Unit. Only LAN describes a type of network. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that networks are often grouped into categories such as LAN, MAN and WAN. Step 2: LAN stands for Local Area Network and is used when all connected devices are in a relatively small local area. Step 3: A single site network in one building or campus clearly fits the definition of a local area network. Step 4: DSL is a communication technology that provides high speed internet access, not the network itself. Step 5: RAM, USB and CPU are internal hardware or interfaces of a computer, not names of networks. Step 6: Therefore, the correct answer that matches the description is LAN. Verification / Alternative check: Computer fundamentals books normally define LAN as a network that covers a small geographical region, such as a building, group of buildings or campus. They also provide examples like office networks and school lab networks. In contrast, MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network and covers a city, and WAN stands for Wide Area Network and covers large regions or countries. Since the question restricts the network to a single site, that matches the scope of a LAN rather than MAN or WAN. Among the given options, only LAN represents that idea. Why Other Options Are Wrong: DSL is a line technology enabling internet access but is not itself a network type. RAM is a memory that stores data temporarily inside a computer. USB is a standard for connecting devices such as flash drives and printers. CPU is the processing unit of a computer. None of these terms describes a small single site network. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to choose any technical sounding abbreviation without recalling what it stands for. To avoid this, always expand the abbreviations in your mind. When you remember that LAN means Local Area Network, the connection with a local single site network becomes obvious. Practising expansions of common IT abbreviations can significantly reduce such errors in exams. Final Answer: A small single site network is called a LAN, which stands for Local Area Network.

Question 8

In keyboard and internet terminology, the symbol that Germans call the spider monkey and Italians call the snail is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests familiarity with a fun cultural fact about computer keyboard symbols. Different languages sometimes have colourful nicknames for the same character. Knowing that the at sign is given unusual names such as spider monkey or snail in some European languages can both enrich your general knowledge and help you recognise the symbol being discussed. Given Data / Assumptions: Germans are said to call the symbol spider monkey. Italians are said to call the same symbol the snail. Options include several common keyboard symbols: plus, at sign, dollar, hash and ampersand. We assume the question refers to the symbol most closely associated with email addresses. Concept / Approach: The symbol at is widely used in email addresses, for example user@example.com. Its shape, a small circle with a tail curling around it, is sometimes compared to an animal or snail in different languages. In German, one nickname resembles spider monkey, and in Italian, the curl of the symbol looks like a snail shell. Therefore, the symbol that matches these nicknames is the at sign, written as @. The other listed symbols do not have this particular set of nicknames in these languages. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Think of which keyboard symbol is central to email addresses and is visually distinctive. Step 2: The at sign @ appears between the username and domain name in almost every email address, for example name@mail.com. Step 3: Its curled shape can be compared to a snail with a shell and tail, which explains the Italian nickname. Step 4: In German, the same sign has nicknames related to animals such as spider monkey, again inspired by its shape. Step 5: The plus sign + is a simple cross and does not resemble a snail or monkey. Step 6: The dollar sign $, hash sign # and ampersand & all have different shapes and are not commonly associated with spider monkey or snail nicknames. Step 7: Therefore, the symbol described in the question is the at sign @. Verification / Alternative check: If you search for trivia about the at symbol in different languages, you will find a wide range of nicknames based on animals and objects, including monkey, snail and mouse. These nicknames arise because the sign was relatively rare before email became common, so different cultures invented imaginative names for it. This confirms that the question is referring to the at symbol rather than any other keyboard character. Why Other Options Are Wrong: The plus sign + is usually called plus in most languages and has a very simple shape. The dollar sign $ is associated with currency and is usually named after the dollar rather than an animal. The hash sign # is called hash, pound or number sign and does not match the described nicknames. The ampersand & represents the word and and has its own name unrelated to spider monkey or snail. None of these alternative symbols has the cross cultural nicknames cited in the question. Common Pitfalls: Because the question uses a cultural reference, some students may overthink the answer and doubt the obvious connection to email addresses. A simple way to avoid confusion is to visualise each symbol and see which one could resemble a small animal curled into a shape. The spiral of the at sign stands out immediately. Remember also that exam setters often choose well known internet related symbols when asking such trivia questions. Final Answer: The symbol that Germans call the spider monkey and Italians call the snail is the @ sign, also known as the at symbol.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an optical disk used for storing large amounts of digital data?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests your understanding of different storage media, especially the category called optical disks. Optical storage devices use lasers to read and write data on the surface of a disk. Recognising which devices are optical and which are magnetic or electronic is a common requirement in computer fundamentals exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks specifically for an optical disk. Options mention digital versatile disk, magnetic hard disk, memory module, data bus connector and floppy diskette. We assume a basic knowledge of how data is stored on these media. Concept / Approach: Optical disks store data using pits and lands on the disk surface, read by a laser beam. Common examples include compact disks CD, digital versatile disks DVD and Blu ray disks. Magnetic disks, such as traditional hard drives and floppy disks, use magnetic coatings instead. Memory modules, such as RAM chips, store data electronically. Data bus connectors are not storage at all. Therefore, among the options, digital versatile disk is the clear example of an optical disk. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that optical disks are circular plastic disks that are read and written by laser beams. Step 2: Well known optical disks include CDs and DVDs, which are shiny and often used for music, movies and software distribution. Step 3: A digital versatile disk, commonly abbreviated DVD, fits this description exactly. Step 4: Magnetic hard disks work on a different principle, using magnetic fields on spinning platters, and are therefore not optical. Step 5: Memory modules are integrated circuits inserted into slots and use electronic storage, not optical methods. Step 6: A data bus connector carries signals between parts of a computer and is not a storage device at all. Step 7: A floppy diskette is a flexible magnetic disk inside a plastic jacket, so it belongs to magnetic, not optical, storage. Step 8: Therefore, the correct example of an optical disk is a digital versatile disk DVD. Verification / Alternative check: If you think about the devices that are read with a laser lens in a CD or DVD drive, you will recall that DVDs are placed in optical drives which shine a laser onto the disk surface. This method is clearly different from the spinning metal platters inside a hard disk drive or the magnetic coated film inside a floppy disk. Textbooks explicitly group CDs and DVDs under optical storage, which matches the option digital versatile disk DVD. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Magnetic hard disks and floppy disks rely on magnetisation of a surface, not lasers and pits, so they are categorised as magnetic storage. Memory modules are semiconductor based electronic storage used for main memory. Data bus connectors are simply part of the communication pathways inside a computer and do not store data. As such, none of these can be considered optical disks. Common Pitfalls: Students may sometimes confuse shiny looking hard disk platters with optical media or assume that any round disk must be optical. The key difference is the technology used: optical disks are read by laser, while magnetic disks are read by magnetic heads. Remembering that CDs and DVDs go into optical drives, whereas hard disks remain sealed inside the system unit, can help keep these categories separate in your mind. Final Answer: An example of an optical disk is a digital versatile disk DVD.

Question 10

In software maintenance, vendor created program modifications that correct problems or improve functionality are commonly called what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is about software updates and the terminology used when a software vendor releases small modifications to existing programs. Modern software often has bugs or security issues that are corrected after release. Vendors distribute these corrections to users so that they can improve stability, fix vulnerabilities or add small enhancements. The common term for such modifications is an important part of computer awareness. Given Data / Assumptions: The modifications are created by the software vendor. They are applied to existing programs. The goal is to correct problems or add minor improvements. Options include patches, antiviruses, holes, fixes and viruses. Concept / Approach: A patch is a small piece of software designed to update or fix a computer program. Patches may address security vulnerabilities, bugs or performance issues. They are often distributed through update services or downloads. Antiviruses are separate programs that detect and remove malware. Holes usually refer to security holes or vulnerabilities themselves, not to corrections. The word fixes can be used informally but the standard technical term in this context is patch. Viruses are malicious software and are not vendor supplied corrections. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify what the question is describing. It mentions program modifications created by the vendor. Step 2: These modifications are intended to improve the existing program, usually by correcting errors or closing security vulnerabilities. Step 3: In software engineering and system administration, such modifications are called patches. Step 4: Option a, patches, is therefore the natural answer and matches standard terminology. Step 5: Option b, antiviruses, refers to security programs that scan for malware and is not a term for vendor issued updates to applications. Step 6: Option c, holes, usually refers to security holes in software, which are the problems that patches are meant to fix, not the fixes themselves. Step 7: Option d, fixes, is an informal word for solutions but is not the specific technical term used for official update files distributed by vendors. Step 8: Option e, viruses, are harmful programs and are the opposite of what the question is describing. Verification / Alternative check: Operating systems and applications often notify users about available patches or patch updates. System administrators talk about patching systems and applying security patches to keep machines safe. Official documentation from software vendors uses the word patch for these small updates, while larger updates might be called service packs or new versions. This consistent use of the term confirms that patches is the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Antiviruses are separate programs aimed at preventing or removing infections; they are not small modifications to an existing program. Holes describe weaknesses and are what patches are meant to correct. Fixes may sound similar but is too general and not the specific label used for vendor distributed update files. Viruses are harmful code inserted without the user consent, again not what the question is about. Common Pitfalls: Students may hesitate between patches and fixes because in everyday language the words sound similar. To avoid confusion, remember that patch is the formal technical term that appears in update dialogs and system management tools. Another pitfall is to confuse antivirus updates with patches; although antiviruses themselves may receive patches, they are distinct from the notion of a patch applied to any arbitrary program. Final Answer: Vendor created program modifications that correct problems are commonly called patches.

Question 11

On a standard computer keyboard, which key do you press so that the numeric keypad keys act as directional arrows and navigation keys instead of numbers?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question deals with basic keyboard operation and is common in computer literacy exams. Many desktop and some laptop keyboards include a numeric keypad on the right side. This keypad can operate either as number keys for fast numeric entry or as a set of directional arrows and other navigation keys. The function that switches between these two modes is controlled by a specific lock key on the keyboard. Given Data / Assumptions: The focus is on the number pad or numeric keypad. The question asks how to make the keys act as directional arrows. Options include Num Lock, Caps Lock, Arrow Lock, Shift and Scroll Lock. We assume a standard extended keyboard layout. Concept / Approach: The Num Lock key, short for Number Lock, toggles the numeric keypad between numeric entry mode and cursor control mode. When Num Lock is on, the keys produce numbers. When Num Lock is off, many of the same keys act as navigation keys such as arrows, page up, page down, home and end. Caps Lock affects letters, not the numeric keypad. Arrow Lock is not a standard key. Shift is a modifier key and Scroll Lock has different specialised uses. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the numeric keypad has numbers printed on the keys and also small arrow or navigation symbols in one corner. Step 2: On most keyboards there is a Num Lock key with an indicator light that shows whether numeric input is enabled. Step 3: When Num Lock is turned on, pressing the keys produces digits such as 1, 2 or 3. Step 4: When Num Lock is turned off, those keys function as arrow keys and navigation keys like home and end. Step 5: Therefore, to make the number pad act as directional arrows, you must turn Num Lock off by pressing the Num Lock key. Step 6: Caps Lock only affects whether letters are uppercase or lowercase and does not change the behaviour of the numeric keypad. Step 7: Arrow Lock is not a common key on standard keyboards and is included as a distractor. Step 8: Shift modifies keys temporarily but does not toggle the basic mode of the numeric keypad. Step 9: Scroll Lock historically affects how arrow keys interact with scrolling in some programs, not how the numeric keypad toggles between numbers and arrows. Verification / Alternative check: If you have access to a physical desktop keyboard, you can test this behaviour. Press Num Lock so that its light is on and then press a numeric keypad key; you will see numbers appear. Press Num Lock again so that the light is off and press the same key in a text editor; the cursor will move instead of numbers being typed. This simple test confirms that Num Lock is the key that switches between numeric and directional modes. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Caps Lock has no effect on the numeric keypad and only toggles capital letters for alphabetic keys. Arrow Lock does not exist on typical keyboards and is therefore not the correct answer. Shift is a temporary modifier that changes characters but does not change the fundamental mode of the numeric keypad. Scroll Lock is used rarely and does not convert the number pad into directional keys in the way described. Common Pitfalls: One common source of confusion occurs when Num Lock is off and users think the numeric keypad is broken because it does not type numbers. Understanding that Num Lock controls this behaviour prevents unnecessary troubleshooting. In exams, students sometimes rush and choose Caps Lock whenever the word lock appears. To avoid this, always connect the lock key to what it actually controls: numbers for Num Lock, letters for Caps Lock. Final Answer: To make the number pad act as directional arrows, you press the Num Lock key to toggle its mode.

Question 12

Hardware devices that are not part of the main computer system unit and are often added later to extend functionality are called what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question asks about the general term used for hardware devices that connect to a computer but are not built into the main system unit. Examples include printers, scanners, external drives and webcams. These devices expand what a computer can do, and knowing the umbrella term used for them is essential in computer awareness and office skills exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The devices are hardware, not software. They are not part of the main system unit. They are often added later to provide extra features. Options include clip art, highlight, execute, peripherals and documents. Concept / Approach: Peripherals is the standard term for external devices attached to a computer. These can include both input peripherals such as a keyboard and mouse, and output peripherals such as a monitor and printer. Clip art, highlight and execute are terms related to software and editing, not hardware. Documents are files containing text or data and again are not physical devices. Therefore, peripherals is the correct term for hardware devices added to extend functionality. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the question is about hardware devices, not software features. Step 2: Note that these devices are not inside the system unit but connect to it through cables or wireless links. Step 3: Common examples include printers, scanners, speakers, webcams and external storage drives. Step 4: The general term for such devices is peripherals or peripheral devices. Step 5: Option d, peripherals, exactly matches this definition. Step 6: Clip art refers to images inserted into documents and is purely software content. Step 7: Highlight is a text editing action used in word processors or other programs. Step 8: Execute is a command that means to run a program and is not a hardware device. Step 9: Documents are files such as text files or spreadsheets, not physical hardware. Verification / Alternative check: In computer textbooks and user manuals, you often see phrases like connect the peripheral to the computer or install the printer peripheral. Diagrams show the system unit in the centre with peripherals such as monitors and printers connected around it. This clear visual distinction confirms that peripherals is the noun used to describe hardware devices that are connected to a computer but not part of its core case. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Clip art, highlight and execute are all actions or content inside software applications and have nothing to do with physical hardware added to a system. Documents are data files that users create and save. Since the question specifically refers to hardware devices, all of these options can be rejected. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes mix up terms when moving quickly between hardware and software sections of a syllabus. To avoid confusion, remember that peripherals are always tangible devices you can physically connect or disconnect from a computer. Words like clip art, highlight and execute should remind you of menus and commands inside software, not external hardware. Final Answer: Hardware devices added to a computer to extend its capabilities are called peripherals or peripheral devices.

Question 13

C, BASIC, COBOL and Java are all examples of which broad category of computer language used to write programs?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is about types of computer languages. Names like C, BASIC, COBOL and Java are often encountered when learning about software development. They are used to write instructions that a computer can execute after translation by compilers or interpreters. The question asks for the broad category that groups all these languages together. Given Data / Assumptions: The languages listed are C, BASIC, COBOL and Java. These are widely known and used in different types of applications. Options include low level languages, programming languages, markup languages, machine languages only and assembly languages. We assume an introductory level classification of languages. Concept / Approach: All of the languages mentioned are used to write programs. They are therefore programming languages. Some are often classified as high level programming languages because they use English like syntax and abstract away machine details. Markup languages, such as HTML, are used for structuring documents, not general purpose programming. Machine language and assembly language are much lower level and specific to hardware. While every programming language eventually translates to machine language, that does not make C or Java machine languages themselves. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise each name. C is a structured systems programming language. BASIC is a beginner friendly language. COBOL is used in business applications. Java is a widely used object oriented language. Step 2: All four are used to write programs that instruct a computer to perform tasks. Step 3: The generic category that covers all such languages is programming languages. Step 4: Option b, programming languages, therefore matches the function of these languages. Step 5: Low level languages usually refer to machine language and assembly language, which are much closer to hardware codes than C, BASIC, COBOL or Java at school level. Step 6: Markup languages, such as HTML or XML, are mainly used for formatting and structuring data, not for general purpose computation. Step 7: Machine languages only are sequences of binary codes understood directly by the CPU, not human readable languages like C or Java. Step 8: Assembly languages are symbolic representations of machine instructions and do not match the higher level syntax of BASIC, COBOL or Java. Verification / Alternative check: If you open any introductory programming textbook, C, BASIC, COBOL and Java will be described in chapters titled programming languages or high level programming languages. They include constructs such as variables, loops and functions that allow programmers to express algorithms. The same books usually reserve terms like machine language and assembly language for low level coding examples and treat markup languages in separate sections about web technologies. This distinction confirms that programming languages is the correct broad category. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Labelling these languages as low level or as machine languages only would ignore the clear distinction between human oriented high level syntax and binary or symbolic low level code. Markup languages do not perform computation in the same way and are not used to implement general algorithms. Assembly languages are different in style and purpose and are not what C, BASIC, COBOL and Java are collectively called in basic computer awareness exams. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse the terms high level and low level and may incorrectly classify C as a low level language because it can access hardware. In exam questions, however, the safer and more inclusive answer is programming languages, which does not depend on a precise high or low level boundary. Always read the question carefully and choose the category that clearly includes every example given. Final Answer: C, BASIC, COBOL and Java are all examples of programming languages used to write computer programs.

Question 14

Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT are examples of which type of system software?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests basic knowledge of system software, specifically Microsoft Windows product names. Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT are well known historical versions of a popular software family. Knowing that they all belong to the category of operating systems is an essential part of computer awareness. Given Data / Assumptions: The names Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT are provided. All three are widely recognised Microsoft products. Options include processors, domain names, modems, operating systems and firewalls. We assume familiarity with typical functions of operating systems. Concept / Approach: An operating system is the main system software that manages hardware and provides services to application programs. Examples include Microsoft Windows, Linux and macOS. Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT are specific versions of the Windows operating system. Processors are hardware chips, domain names identify websites, modems are communication devices and firewalls are security systems. None of these match the nature of Windows product lines. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that Windows 95, 98 and NT are not physical devices but software products. Step 2: They provide the user interface, manage files, control hardware and run application programs. Step 3: These are the core functions of an operating system. Step 4: Therefore, these products are different versions of the Windows operating system. Step 5: Option d, operating systems, directly matches this understanding. Step 6: Processors are physical hardware components like Intel or AMD chips, not Windows software. Step 7: Domain names are text addresses used on the internet, such as example.com. Step 8: Modems are devices that connect computers to networks and do not provide a graphical user interface or system services. Step 9: Firewalls are security systems that control network traffic and do not manage the overall operation of the computer. Verification / Alternative check: If you look at the description of Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT on any historical timeline of operating systems, you will see them listed alongside other operating systems such as Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows 10. Manuals for these products describe installation of the operating system, configuring system settings and running applications on top of Windows. This makes it clear that they belong to the operating system category and not any of the hardware or network device categories mentioned in other options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Calling these products processors would confuse software with hardware. Domain names like microsoft.com are very different from product names such as Windows NT. Modems and firewalls are separate hardware or software components used for networking and security but are not the central system software that boots the computer and provides a graphical environment. Hence they do not correctly categorise Windows versions. Common Pitfalls: There is not much room for confusion in this question, but some students may misread domain names as domain controllers and briefly think of Windows domain services. The key is to focus on what category the products themselves belong to. Whenever you see Windows followed by a version number or letters, in an exam context it almost always points to an operating system. Final Answer: Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT are all operating systems.

Question 15

In a computer, all of the main logic operations and mathematical calculations are performed in which component?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question covers one of the most fundamental ideas in computer architecture. The part of the computer responsible for performing arithmetic and logic operations is central to how any program runs. Understanding that this function belongs to the central processing unit is essential and is frequently tested in basic computer knowledge exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks where logic and mathematical calculations happen. Options include system board, central control unit, central processing unit, motherboard and power supply unit. We assume a standard computer where the CPU is mounted on the motherboard. Concept / Approach: The central processing unit CPU is often called the brain of the computer. It contains components such as the arithmetic logic unit and control unit, which together execute instructions, perform calculations and make decisions. The motherboard or system board is the main circuit board that holds the CPU and connects other components but does not itself perform calculations. A power supply unit delivers electrical power. The term central control unit is not a standard component name at this level. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that programs are executed as sequences of instructions that must be processed by some core component. Step 2: The component that fetches instructions, decodes them and performs arithmetic or logic operations is the central processing unit. Step 3: Inside the CPU, the arithmetic logic unit performs mathematical calculations and logical comparisons. Step 4: Therefore, when the question mentions all logic and mathematical calculations, it is referring to work done by the CPU. Step 5: Option c, central processing unit, is precisely the name of this component. Step 6: The system board or motherboard is the physical board that holds the CPU, memory and other chips. It provides connections but does not itself carry out computations. Step 7: Power supply units convert electrical power into the correct voltages needed by the system but do not process data. Step 8: Central control unit is not a widely used formal term; the control unit is part of the CPU, not a separate box. Verification / Alternative check: In any diagram of computer organisation, data flows from memory and input devices into the CPU, where the arithmetic logic unit and control unit reside. The CPU then sends results to memory or output devices. Study material consistently labels the CPU as the place where calculations occur. The motherboard is drawn as a board on which the CPU is mounted, reinforcing that the board is a host rather than the active processor. Why Other Options Are Wrong: System board and motherboard are alternative names for the main circuit board inside a computer case. Although they host the CPU, they do not themselves form the calculating unit. Power supply units simply provide electricity. The phrase central control unit is vague and not a standard label; even if one thinks of a control unit, it is part of the CPU and does not negate the fact that CPU is the correct high level answer. Common Pitfalls: Some students mistakenly think the motherboard is the brain of the computer because it connects everything. While the motherboard is very important, the actual processing of instructions happens inside the CPU chip. To avoid this confusion, remember that the CPU is the active worker that does calculations and decisions, while the motherboard is more like the office building that hosts all the workers. Final Answer: All main logic and mathematical operations are performed in the central processing unit or CPU.

Question 16

In a typical personal computer, the essential instructions for starting or booting the computer are stored in which component?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on the boot process of a computer and the role of firmware. When a computer is turned on, it cannot rely on data from the hard disk or operating system until some initial instructions are executed. These special instructions must be available immediately after power on and are therefore stored in a non volatile memory component, usually a ROM chip on the motherboard. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks where start up instructions are housed. Options include RAM, CD ROM, ROM chip, none of these and hard disk drive. We assume a standard computer design with firmware stored in read only memory. Concept / Approach: When you switch on a computer, the firmware code stored in ROM runs first. This code performs a power on self test, checks basic hardware and starts the process of loading the operating system from a storage device. Because ROM is non volatile, its contents remain intact even when the computer is off. RAM is volatile and empty at power on, CD ROM and hard disks contain data but require control from firmware before they can be used. Therefore, the starting instructions reside in ROM chips. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Consider what happens exactly at the moment the computer receives power. The CPU must start executing instructions from somewhere. Step 2: At this point, RAM is not yet initialised and does not hold any program; it is volatile memory. Step 3: The CPU is designed to look at a fixed address in non volatile memory, typically a ROM chip attached to the motherboard. Step 4: The ROM contains firmware such as the Basic Input Output System or similar start up code. Step 5: These instructions tell the system how to test hardware and how to locate the operating system on a storage device like a hard disk. Step 6: Option c, ROM chip, is therefore the correct answer, because it stores these boot instructions. Step 7: CD ROM and hard disk drives store data and software, including the operating system, but they cannot be used until the firmware directs the system to read from them. Step 8: Option d, none of these, is incorrect because ROM chip is a valid and correct choice. Verification / Alternative check: Technical manuals for motherboards describe a ROM or flash memory chip that stores BIOS or firmware code. During boot, messages such as Press key to enter setup show that the system is running code from this firmware before any operating system is loaded. You can sometimes update this firmware through special tools, but it remains stored in non volatile memory. RAM, on the other hand, is empty after power loss and only holds data and programs while the computer is running. Why Other Options Are Wrong: RAM cannot store the initial instructions permanently because it loses all contents when power is off. CD ROM and hard disks do hold data, but without initial firmware the CPU would not know how to access them. The option none of these is invalid because there is a clear correct component, the ROM chip, that fulfils the description. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes think that the operating system on the hard disk is the first thing to run at start up. In reality, the firmware in ROM must run first to load the operating system. Confusing these stages can lead to wrong answers. Remember the basic sequence: the ROM based firmware starts, performs checks, then loads the operating system from disk into RAM. Final Answer: The instructions for starting the computer are housed in a ROM chip on the motherboard.

Question 17

The term that designates any equipment that may be added to a computer system to enhance or extend its functionality is what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is closely related to the earlier question on peripherals. It asks for the formal term used to describe equipment that can be connected to a computer system in order to add new features. Such equipment might include printers, scanners, external drives, game controllers and many other devices that are not strictly required for the computer to function but significantly expand its capabilities. Given Data / Assumptions: The equipment is added to an existing computer system. Its purpose is to enhance or extend functionality. Options list digital device, system add on, disk pack, peripheral device and control panel. We assume a standard classification of hardware components. Concept / Approach: Peripheral device is the standard term for any external or additional device that connects to a computer. This includes both input devices, such as keyboards and scanners, and output devices, such as printers and monitors, as well as storage and communication hardware. Phrases like digital device or system add on are generic and are not the formal term used in textbooks. Disk pack refers to storage media and control panel refers to a part of the user interface or physical controls, not to the full class of add on equipment. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the question is asking for a general term, not a specific example. Step 2: Think of devices like printers, speakers, webcams and external drives that are connected to a computer system after purchase. Step 3: These devices are usually referred to as peripheral devices or simply peripherals. Step 4: Option d, peripheral device, exactly matches this broad category. Step 5: Digital device is too general and could refer to any electronic gadget, including those unrelated to computers. Step 6: System add on sounds like an informal phrase and is not the standard textbook term. Step 7: Disk pack refers to a particular type of storage media, not all kinds of equipment that can be added to a system. Step 8: Control panel is usually the name of a software utility or physical panel of switches, not the devices themselves. Verification / Alternative check: Computer hardware diagrams and manuals consistently use the word peripheral to describe devices like printers or external drives. The term peripheral device appears in exam syllabi and question banks as the label for hardware added to the system. In contrast, system add on is seldom used as a formal concept in basic computer science texts. This consistent usage confirms that peripheral device is the correct term the question is seeking. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Digital device could refer to cameras, watches or any other modern gadget and does not emphasise connection to a computer system. System add on lacks precision and is not a standard category. Disk pack refers to storage media only and fails to include non storage devices. Control panel typically refers to a user interface or settings module, either hardware or software, and not to the broad set of hardware peripherals. Common Pitfalls: Students may be tempted by system add on because it sounds similar to the description in the question. However, exams usually expect formal terminology that appears in textbooks, not informal guesses. To avoid this pitfall, always recall whether a term is used formally in definitions and diagrams instead of selecting a phrase that merely sounds right. Final Answer: Equipment added to a computer system to enhance its functionality is called a peripheral device.

Question 18

On a Microsoft Windows system, which executable file name is used to start the MS Word word processing application?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests knowledge of executable file names in Microsoft Windows, specifically for the MS Word application. While users normally start Word by clicking icons or menu entries, under the hood the operating system runs a particular executable program file. Recognising this file name is useful for troubleshooting and is sometimes asked in computer awareness exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The application in question is MS Word. We are working in a Windows environment. Options list several possible executable names: word.exe, msword.exe, word2003.exe, winword.exe and office.exe. We assume classic versions of Microsoft Office where file names follow established patterns. Concept / Approach: On Windows systems, each program is usually stored as an executable file with extension .exe. For Microsoft Word, the standard executable is named winword.exe. This is true for many versions of Word and is used internally when launching the program. Other names like word.exe or msword.exe sound plausible but are not the actual default executable names for standard installations. Office.exe does not correspond to Word specifically and is not the usual program file name. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Microsoft Word is part of the Microsoft Office suite. Step 2: When Word is launched, Windows starts the core program file, which is stored with a specific name in the Program Files directory. Step 3: The traditional name of this executable is winword.exe, short for Windows Word. Step 4: Option d, winword.exe, matches this name exactly. Step 5: Option a, word.exe, is not the standard file name for the full MS Word application. Step 6: Option b, msword.exe, might look logical but is not the real executable name used by Microsoft Office. Step 7: Option c, word2003.exe, appears version specific and is not the generic program file used across versions. Step 8: Option e, office.exe, would suggest the entire Office suite, not the specific Word application, and is not the usual executable name. Verification / Alternative check: If you open the installation folder for Microsoft Word on a Windows machine, you will see winword.exe as the main executable. Task manager also lists WINWORD as the process name when Word is running. Many troubleshooting guides instruct users to run winword.exe from the Run dialog to start Word directly. These observations confirm that winword.exe is the correct executable file. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Names such as word.exe or msword.exe may be used by other tools or very old software, but they are not the standard file name for modern MS Word. The option word2003.exe is overly specific and would not apply to other versions. Office.exe suggests a more generic product and is not the known executable for Word. As exam questions usually focus on standard and widely used names, winword.exe is the only acceptable answer. Common Pitfalls: Because options like word.exe or msword.exe sound intuitive, students may choose them without recalling actual file names. To reduce this risk, remember that Microsoft historically used the prefix win for Windows specific applications, which explains WINWORD for Windows Word. Checking process lists or shortcuts on a real system can reinforce this memory before an exam. Final Answer: The executable file that starts MS Word on Windows is named winword.exe.

Question 19

In a word processing program, you can use the Tab key to perform which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question covers basic keyboard usage in word processing software such as MS Word. The Tab key is one of the primary keys for controlling horizontal spacing and indentation. Understanding how it affects the position of the cursor and the format of paragraphs is important for efficient document creation and is frequently tested in computer basics exams. Given Data / Assumptions: The question focuses on the Tab key. We are considering typical word processing behaviour. Options describe moving the cursor across or down the screen and indenting paragraphs. We assume default tab settings with standard tab stops. Concept / Approach: Pressing the Tab key in a text editor or word processor moves the cursor forward to the next tab stop, which is a fixed horizontal position on the line. This effectively moves the cursor horizontally across the screen. When pressed at the beginning of a paragraph, the Tab key is commonly used as a way to create a first line indent. It does not normally move the cursor vertically down the screen, and it does not delete characters. Therefore, the best description is that it both moves the cursor across the screen and can be used to indent a paragraph. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Consider what happens when you press Tab while typing a sentence in a word processor. The cursor jumps forward by a fixed distance to the right. Step 2: This movement is horizontal across the same line, not vertical down to the next line. Step 3: When you press Tab at the start of a paragraph, the first line is shifted inwards from the left margin, creating a standard paragraph indent. Step 4: These two behaviours show that the Tab key can both move the cursor across the screen and indent paragraphs. Step 5: Option d, both move the cursor horizontally and indent a paragraph, captures this combined effect. Step 6: Option a is incomplete because it mentions only cursor movement, not indentation. Step 7: Option b is also incomplete because it mentions indentation but not the underlying horizontal cursor movement. Step 8: Option c is wrong because Tab does not move the cursor down the screen; the Enter key or arrow keys perform vertical movement. Step 9: Option e describes Backspace behaviour, not Tab behaviour. Verification / Alternative check: Experimenting in a word processor makes this clear. Typing text and pressing Tab causes the cursor to jump ahead within the same line. When you start a new paragraph and press Tab once, the text begins further in from the left, creating an indent. Many formatting guides even refer to pressing Tab to indent a paragraph. None of these operations involve moving straight down, which would require pressing Enter or an arrow key. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Option a and option b each capture only part of what Tab is used for in word processing but ignore the other aspect. Option c incorrectly describes vertical movement, which is not the function of Tab. Option e refers to deleting characters, which is performed by Backspace or Delete, not by Tab. Since the question asks what you can use the Tab key to do, the answer that includes both major uses is the most accurate. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes think of indentation as a separate feature and do not connect it mentally with horizontal cursor movement. Remember that indenting is simply a special case of moving the cursor to a particular horizontal position at the start of a line. Another pitfall is confusing Tab with Enter, which does move the cursor down to a new line. Keeping these roles separate helps avoid mixing up the keys in exam questions. Final Answer: You can use the Tab key to both move the cursor horizontally across the screen and indent a paragraph.

Question 20

The process of preparing a floppy diskette so that it can store data and files is called what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question deals with storage media and the steps required before they can be used to hold files. A floppy diskette, like other storage devices, must be given a file system structure so that the operating system can organise data into files and directories. The process of setting up this structure is known by a specific term that you should recognise from both older and modern storage devices. Given Data / Assumptions: The storage medium is a floppy diskette. The goal is to prepare it for use so that it can store data. Options include assembling, translating, parsing, formatting and compiling. We assume an operating system that requires disks to be formatted before first use. Concept / Approach: Formatting a disk is the process of creating the logical structure that the operating system uses to organise data. This includes setting up tracks, sectors and a file system. Without formatting, the disk cannot reliably store files. Assembling, translating, parsing and compiling are terms related to processing code or data but not to preparing a storage device. Therefore, the correct term for preparing a floppy diskette for use is formatting. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that when you insert a new floppy disk or other removable media, the operating system may ask you to format the disk. Step 2: During formatting, the system writes low level information that divides the disk into sectors and sets up a file allocation structure. Step 3: After formatting, the disk can hold files, and the operating system can track their locations. Step 4: This entire preparation process is known as formatting the disk. Step 5: Option d, formatting, therefore directly names the process described in the question. Step 6: Assembling usually refers to converting assembly code into machine code. Step 7: Translating can mean converting one language into another and is not a standard term for disk preparation. Step 8: Parsing is a process in which a program analyses the structure of text or code, as in compilers or interpreters. Step 9: Compiling is the process of translating high level programming language code into machine code. Verification / Alternative check: In older versions of operating systems, menu options and command line tools included commands such as format a: to format a floppy disk in drive A. Help documents explained that formatting a disk erases existing data and prepares it for new files. The use of the word format in this context has continued into modern times with hard drives and USB drives. This consistent usage confirms that formatting is the correct term. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Assembling, translating, parsing and compiling all relate to processing program code, not to setting up a file system on storage media. None of these processes would prepare a floppy diskette to accept new files in the way described. The question specifically refers to preparing a diskette for use, which is a storage level operation rather than a code transformation step. Common Pitfalls: Because the word format is also used in contexts such as formatting text or formatting documents, some students may not immediately connect it with disks. However, the underlying idea is similar: applying a structure so that data is organised consistently. Remember that in storage, formatting always concerns preparing the medium for data, and this association will help you answer questions about floppy disks and other drives correctly. Final Answer: Preparing a floppy diskette for use so that it can store data is called formatting the disk.

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