Syllogism — Premises: A) All girls are proud. B) All proud will be humiliated one day. Inferences: I) All girls will be humiliated one day. II) Some girls will be humiliated one day.
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AOnly I follows
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BOnly II follows
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CBoth I & II follow
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DNeither of them follows
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ENone of these
Answer
Correct Answer: Both I & II follow
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Two chained universal premises are given. We assess whether the universal and existential versions of the resulting consequence follow.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- A: Girls ⊆ Proud.
- B: Proud ⊆ HumiliatedOneDay.
Concept / Approach:By transitivity, Girls ⊆ HumiliatedOneDay. From a universal inclusion, an existential statement 'Some girls ...' is also valid provided at least one girl exists; typical reasoning tests assume non-empty everyday categories.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Combine A and B to get Girls ⊆ HumiliatedOneDay.Step 2: Conclusion I (universal) follows directly: all girls will be humiliated one day.Step 3: Conclusion II (existential) follows under the standard assumption that the class of girls is non-empty.Verification / Alternative check:Venn interpretation shows the Girls circle entirely inside Proud, which lies inside HumiliatedOneDay, making both I and II true in ordinary contexts.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- Only I follows: ignores the routine existential inference.
- Only II follows: the universal also follows by subset transitivity.
- Neither: contradicted by the clear chain of subsets.
Common Pitfalls:Forgetting that universal subset chains justify corresponding existential conclusions when the category is assumed non-empty.
Final Answer:Both I & II follow.