Syllogism — Premises: (a) All cupboards are watches. (b) All watches are costly. Inferences: I) All cupboards are costly. II) Some costly things are cupboards.
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AOnly inference I follows
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BOnly inference II follows
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CBoth of them follow
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DNeither of them follows
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ENone of these
Answer
Correct Answer: Both of them follow
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Two universals create a subset chain. We must judge a universal and an existential inference that naturally arise from that chain.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Cupboards ⊆ Watches.
- Watches ⊆ Costly.
- Ordinary non-emptiness assumption for Cupboards to validate the existential.
Concept / Approach:Transitivity yields Cupboards ⊆ Costly, establishing I. If at least one cupboard exists, it is costly, establishing II: 'Some costly things are cupboards'.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Cupboards ⊆ Watches and Watches ⊆ Costly imply Cupboards ⊆ Costly.Step 2: Pick any cupboard (non-empty common-sense assumption); it is costly, proving the existential.Verification / Alternative check:Venn diagram placement confirms I and supports II with non-emptiness.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:Options asserting only one or none ignore the straightforward chain.
Common Pitfalls:Overlooking that an existential conclusion typically follows in exam settings when categories are assumed to exist.
Final Answer:Both of them follow.