Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: None follows
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
We have two existential premises involving overlaps among cats, dogs, and stones. We must determine which stronger universal/negative or existential cross-set conclusions are forced.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
From two separate 'some' statements, we cannot infer universal negatives or complete inclusion. Also, the overlapping dogs in the two premises need not be the same dogs.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Verification / Alternative check:
Construct a model with three disjoint groups except for minimal overlaps exactly as stated: choose Dog1 ∈ Cats and Dog2 ∈ Stones with Dog1 ≠ Dog2. All premises true, but I, II, III, IV as evaluated above show none necessarily follow.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
All listed combinations assert at least one of I–III–IV as true, which is not compelled.
Common Pitfalls:
Assuming the 'some' elements are the same individual across premises; overgeneralizing from existence to universals.
Final Answer:
None follows.
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