Question 1

Statement: The captain of the school football team has selected only fourteen players to play all eight matches of the inter-school football competition. Assumptions: I. Fourteen players will be adequate to field a team and manage contingencies acro…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Selecting a small fixed squad for a multi-match tournament presumes sufficiency of personnel to cope with playing requirements, fatigue, injuries, and substitutions.Given Data / Assumptions:Eight matches are scheduled.Only fourteen players are selected for all matches.Concept / Approach:To be implicit, an assumption must be necessary for the decision to be reasonable. The minimal adequacy of a 14-member squad is central; the captain’s personal availability in every match is nonessential to the selection decision.Step-by-Step Solution:Assess Assumption I: A football XI requires 11 players on field; with 14 total, there are limited reserves. The decision assumes this number can manage the tournament (adequate fitness/coverage). Hence I is necessary.Assess Assumption II: The plan does not require the captain to feature in every match; rotation or injury could sideline the captain without invalidating the decision about squad size. II is not necessary.Verification / Alternative check:If I fails (14 is inadequate), the decision is imprudent. If II fails (captain misses a match), the squad can still function. Therefore only I is required.Why Other Options Are Wrong:“Only II,” “either,” and “both” overstate the captain’s centrality. “Neither” ignores the adequacy premise.Common Pitfalls:Conflating leadership presence with squad sufficiency. The selection logic is about numbers/coverage, not guaranteed appearances.Final Answer:if only Assumption I is implicit

Question 2

Statement: “Want to be a Probationary Officer (PO)? Get admission into institute ‘M’,” says A to B. Assumptions: I. B will accept or act upon A’s advice. II. A has knowledge about institute ‘M’ (and believes it helps PO aspirants). Choose the option…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:In argumentation, a recommendation presupposes some credibility about the recommended option; it does not require the listener’s guaranteed compliance.Given Data / Assumptions:A recommends institute “M” to B for becoming a PO.The utterance is advice, not a command.Concept / Approach:An implicit assumption must be necessary for the advice to be meaningful. The advisor must know (or believe) that institute “M” is relevant and helpful; otherwise, the advice would be baseless. Whether the listener acts is not required for the advice to be rationally offered.Step-by-Step Solution:Assess Assumption I: A’s statement does not presume B’s compliance. Advice can be offered regardless of uptake. Hence I is not necessary.Assess Assumption II: A must have some knowledge/positive belief about institute “M” being suitable for PO preparation; without this, the recommendation lacks foundation. Hence II is necessary.Verification / Alternative check:If II were false, the advice would be arbitrary. If I were false, the advice remains a valid suggestion even if B ignores it. Therefore only II is required.Why Other Options Are Wrong:“Only I,” “either,” and “both” overstate the need for compliance. “Neither” denies the advisor’s necessary belief about the institute’s relevance.Common Pitfalls:Equating persuasive intent with guaranteed acceptance.Final Answer:if only Assumption II is implicit

Question 3

Statement: ‘A’ computer — “the largest selling name with the largest range,” says an advertisement. Assumptions: I. ‘A’ computer is the only brand offering wide variations. II. There is sufficient market demand for computers. Choose the option that …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Advertisements typically bank on existing or inducible demand. The claim “largest selling name with the largest range” tries to persuade buyers by implying popularity and variety.Given Data / Assumptions:An ad asserts market leadership and wide product range.Goal: drive sales by appealing to consumer confidence.Concept / Approach:An implicit assumption is one the advertisement relies on to make sense. It need not be factually true; it must be presupposed for the persuasion attempt to be meaningful.Step-by-Step Solution:Assumption I: “Only ‘A’ offers wide variations.” The ad says “largest range,” not “only range.” Exclusivity is not required to persuade; I is unnecessary.Assumption II: “There is demand for computers.” If no one needs computers, boasting about sales and range would be pointless. The ad presupposes a market exists. II is necessary.Verification / Alternative check:Even if competitors also have many models (I false), the ad can still work. If there were no demand (II false), the message would be futile.Why Other Options Are Wrong:“Only I,” “either,” and “both” wrongly require exclusivity. “Neither” ignores the basic demand presupposition.Common Pitfalls:Reading “largest” as “only.”Final Answer:if only Assumption II is implicit

Question 4

Statement: The Government has decided to provide monetary relief to farmers in drought-hit areas. Assumptions: I. Farmers in the affected area will accept the Government’s relief. II. The Government machinery will be able to reach affected farmers t…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Policy decisions assume both willingness of beneficiaries and feasibility of delivery.Given Data / Assumptions:Drought-affected farmers need monetary support.Government intends to disburse relief.Concept / Approach:A decision to grant relief presupposes (a) acceptance by target beneficiaries and (b) administrative capacity to deliver the aid.Step-by-Step Solution:I is necessary: if farmers refused relief, the program’s intended impact would fail.II is necessary: without logistics to reach farmers, the decision is toothless.Verification / Alternative check:Remove I or II and the policy cannot achieve outcomes.Why Other Options Are Wrong:Any option omitting either I or II undermines execution.Common Pitfalls:Assuming announcement alone suffices without delivery.Final Answer:if both Assumption I and Assumption II are implicit

Question 5

Statement: “Everybody loves reading adventure stories.” Assumptions: I. Adventure stories are the only reading materials available. II. Nobody loves reading any other material. Choose the option that identifies which assumption(s) is/are implicit.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The statement is a universal claim about liking adventure stories, not exclusivity of reading materials.Given Data / Assumptions:Claim concerns universal preference for one genre.Concept / Approach:To be implicit, the assumption must be necessary for the statement’s point. Neither exclusivity (I) nor exclusion of other genres (II) is required to assert universal liking of adventure stories.Step-by-Step Solution:I is not needed: existence of other materials does not affect the claim.II is not needed: enjoying other genres can coexist with loving adventure stories.Verification / Alternative check:The statement remains meaningful even if many other materials exist and are liked.Why Other Options Are Wrong:Including I or II adds unnecessary exclusivity.Common Pitfalls:Confusing “everybody loves X” with “nobody loves Y.”Final Answer:if neither Assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit

Question 6

Statement: Even after increasing the number of sugar factories in India, we still import sugar. Assumptions: I. Per-capita sugar consumption has increased in India. II. Many factories are unable to produce at full capacity. Choose the option that id…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Despite more factories, imports persist. This implies demand still exceeds domestic effective supply for some reason.Given Data / Assumptions:Number of factories has risen.Sugar imports continue.Concept / Approach:To reconcile both facts, at least one bridging assumption must hold: demand surge (I) or supply constraints/inefficiency (II).Step-by-Step Solution:If I is true (higher consumption), imports follow even if capacity grew.If II is true (under-utilization), supply falls short despite more units.Neither I nor II is individually necessary; at least one suffices to explain the situation.Verification / Alternative check:Either assumption alone can make the statement plausible; both together also work, but neither is strictly required.Why Other Options Are Wrong:“Only I” or “only II” over-commit. “Both” makes the explanation needlessly strong. “Neither” gives no reconciliation.Common Pitfalls:Assuming that more factories automatically mean adequate output.Final Answer:if either Assumption I or Assumption II is implicit

Question 7

Statement: “You must learn to refer to a dictionary if you want to become a good writer,” A advises B. Assumptions: I. Only writers refer to a dictionary. II. All writers (good or bad) refer to a dictionary. Choose the option that identifies which a…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The advice links dictionary use with improved writing quality. It does not claim exclusivity or universality of dictionary use across all writers.Given Data / Assumptions:Dictionary consultation is recommended as a means to improve.Concept / Approach:Necessary assumptions: “Using a dictionary helps writing.” Neither I (only writers use it) nor II (all writers use it) is required.Step-by-Step Solution:I is unnecessary: non-writers can also use dictionaries.II is unnecessary: some good writers may seldom consult dictionaries; the advice remains sensible.Verification / Alternative check:The advice holds if dictionary use is helpful, not if it is exclusive or universal.Why Other Options Are Wrong:Options including I or II add claims the statement never presupposes.Common Pitfalls:Confusing a recommended aid with a universal practice.Final Answer:if neither Assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit

Question 8

Statement: Government-aided schools should have uniformity in charging various fees. Assumptions: I. The Government’s subsidy comes from tax money collected from people. II. While granting subsidy, the Government may have stipulated uniform fee cond…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Calling for fee uniformity implies a policy basis connecting aid to standardized conditions.Given Data / Assumptions:Schools receive Government aid.Uniform fees are urged.Concept / Approach:To justify the statement, it must be assumed that subsidy is (or should be) conditional on certain uniform practices—specifically fees. The general origin of subsidy funds (I) is irrelevant to the need for uniformity.Step-by-Step Solution:I: Even if subsidies came from borrowing or other sources, the argument for uniformity stands. Not necessary.II: A plausible/necessary ground: aid entails standard conditions; otherwise “should have uniformity” lacks policy anchor. Necessary.Verification / Alternative check:Remove II and the directive appears arbitrary.Why Other Options Are Wrong:Including I confuses funding source with fee rules.Final Answer:if only Assumption II is implicit

Question 9

Statement: Unemployment allowance should be given to all unemployed Indian youth aged 18 or above. Assumptions: I. There exist unemployed youth who need monetary support. II. The Government has sufficient funds to provide such allowance to all unemp…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:A proposal to pay unemployment allowance presupposes the existence of unemployed youth needing support. Budget feasibility is a separate policy question, not logically required to state the proposal’s desirability.Given Data / Assumptions:Target group: unemployed youth ≥ 18 years.Concept / Approach:Assumption I is necessary to justify the measure’s relevance. Assumption II concerns implementation capacity; the proposal can still be advocated even if current funds are inadequate (tax/borrowing/reallocation could be considered), so II is not strictly implicit.Step-by-Step Solution:I: Necessary—without unemployed youth in need, the policy is pointless.II: Not necessary—advocacy does not require existing sufficiency of funds.Why Other Options Are Wrong:Options including II overstate what must be presumed.Common Pitfalls:Conflating normative proposal with immediate fiscal feasibility.Final Answer:if only Assumption I is implicit

Question 10

Statement: Postal rates have been increased to meet the deficit. Assumptions: I. Present postal rates were very low. II. If rates are not increased, the deficit cannot be met. Choose the option that identifies which assumption(s) is/are implicit.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Linking a rate hike to deficit reduction assumes the hike is necessary (or at least effective) for closing the gap.Concept / Approach:I (rates “very low”) is not required; rates could be reasonable yet still insufficient to cover costs. II is necessary: without the hike, deficit would persist.Step-by-Step Solution:Evaluate I: Not essential to the rationale.Evaluate II: Essential—ties action to objective.Final Answer:if only Assumption II is implicit

Question 11

Statement: “He who rises from prayer a better man has had his prayer answered.” Assumptions: I. Prayer makes a person more humane/better. II. Prayer atones for all misdeeds. Choose the option that identifies which assumption(s) is/are implicit.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The aphorism equates answered prayer with moral improvement.Concept / Approach:It presupposes that prayer can improve a person (I). It does not require the stronger claim that prayer erases all misdeeds (II).Final Answer:if only Assumption I is implicit

Question 12

Statement: “If farmers want to improve their yield, they must use organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers.” Assumptions: I. Chemical fertilizers have ill effects on health. II. Chemical fertilizers do not produce as much yield as organic…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The statement is about yield improvement, not health effects.Concept / Approach:I is irrelevant to yield. II is necessary: for the advice to hold, organic must be expected to outperform chemical in yield.Final Answer:if only Assumption II is implicit

Question 13

Statement: “Store eatables in the deep freeze to preserve them for a long time.” Assumptions: I. Food remains safe and edible after long deep-freezing. II. It is impossible to store any eatable at room temperature even for a short time. Choose the o…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The recommendation presupposes freezing is effective for long-term preservation (I). It does not require the stronger claim that room-temperature storage is impossible even briefly (II).Final Answer:if only Assumption I is implicit

Question 14

Statement: “To replenish soil nutrients, it is important to grow different types of crops in alternate seasons.” Assumptions: I. A crop can never be grown a second time in the same field. II. If a different crop is grown next season, no fertilizers …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Crop rotation improves soil balance; however, the statement does not insist on impossibility of repeat cropping or on never needing fertilizers.Concept / Approach:Both I and II are extreme and unnecessary. The advice only presumes rotation helps, not absolutes.Final Answer:if neither Assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit

Question 15

Statement: The Government has decided to run all commercial vehicles on bio-fuels to save depleting fossil fuel reserves. Assumptions: I. It is feasible to switch commercial vehicles from fossil fuels to bio-fuels. II. Sufficient quantities of bio-f…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:A nationwide switch of all commercial vehicles to bio-fuels presupposes technical feasibility and adequate supply.Concept / Approach:I is necessary (retrofit/engine compatibility, distribution). II is necessary (volumes to sustain the entire fleet). Without either, the decision is impracticable.Final Answer:if both Assumption I and Assumption II are implicit

Question 16

Statement: “Provide adequate job-related training to employees before assigning full-fledged work.” Assumptions: I. Training helps boost employee performance. II. Employees have no skills before training is provided. Choose the option that identifie…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Training is proposed to improve readiness and quality.Concept / Approach:I is necessary: training is assumed to improve performance. II is an extreme and unnecessary claim; employees may possess baseline skills but still benefit from training.Final Answer:if only Assumption I is implicit

Question 17

Statement: “Take a ferry or boat instead of a bus to reach the Kravi islands faster.” Assumptions: I. The islands are remote and not easily accessible by road. II. Ferries and boats are available to travel to the Kravi islands. Choose the option tha…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The recommendation compares modes on speed and presumes the alternative mode is actually available.Concept / Approach:II is necessary: without ferries/boats, the advice is infeasible. I (remoteness) is not required; even if roads exist, boats could still be faster.Final Answer:if only Assumption II is implicit

Question 18

Statement–Assumption (Laundry Science and Product Choice): Statement: “Detergent should be used to clean clothes.” Assumptions: I) Detergents form more lather than alternative cleaning agents. II) Detergents help dislodge greasy stains and particula…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:This is a classic Statement–Assumption item from verbal reasoning. The statement recommends using detergent to clean clothes. We must identify which hidden belief(s) must be true for the recommendation to be meaningful. In such questions, an assumption is “implicit” only if negating it would make the stated recommendation pointless or illogical.Given Data / Assumptions:Given statement: Use detergent to clean clothes.Assumption I: Detergents form more lather.Assumption II: Detergents dislodge grease and dirt.Concept / Approach:When evaluating assumptions, test necessity by denial: If the assumption were false, would the original recommendation collapse? Focus on the minimum technical property required for cleaning effectiveness rather than peripheral or merely common features (like foam volume).Step-by-Step Solution:1) Assess Assumption II: If detergents do not help remove grease and dirt, the reason for recommending them for cleaning disappears. Hence, II is necessary for the statement’s logic.2) Assess Assumption I: Extra lather is not a necessary condition for cleaning; foam is often a cosmetic or user-feedback attribute. Many low-foaming detergents clean exceptionally well, and some highly foaming agents clean poorly. Therefore, I is not essential.3) Therefore, only II must hold for the recommendation to make sense.Verification / Alternative check:Consider modern high-efficiency (HE) detergents formulated for front-load machines: they are low-foaming by design yet clean effectively. This confirms that “more lather” is not a prerequisite for recommending detergents. However, detergents’ surfactants lowering surface tension and emulsifying oils is core to their cleaning action, validating II.Why Other Options Are Wrong:“Only I” confuses a visible by-product (foam) with the mechanism of action. “Either” treats two different claims as interchangeable. “Neither” ignores the essential surfactant action. “Both” over-commits to foam as necessary.Common Pitfalls:Equating cleaning power with foam quantity; assuming “more bubbles = better cleaning.” The mechanism is surfactant-driven emulsification and suspension of dirt, not the foam height.Final Answer:Only Assumption II is implicit.

Question 19

Statement–Assumption (Deterrence via Notice): Statement: “Private property. Trespassers will be prosecuted,” reads a notice on a plot of land. Assumptions: I) Many passers-by will read the notice and refrain from trespassing. II) The threat of prose…

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:Threat notices aim to deter undesirable behavior. The posted warning is useful only if it reaches the intended audience and if its threatened consequence matters to them. We must isolate the minimal beliefs that must be true for the notice to function as intended.Given Data / Assumptions:Notice content: “Trespassers will be prosecuted.”Goal: Discourage entry onto private land.Assumption I: People will see/read the notice and modify behavior.Assumption II: Fear of legal action deters trespass.Concept / Approach:Use the negation test. If people do not read the notice (negate I), the sign cannot influence behavior. If they read it but are indifferent to prosecution (negate II), the sign’s threat lacks bite. Both assumptions are jointly necessary for deterrence to work in the intended manner.Step-by-Step Solution:1) Negate I: If almost no one reads/notices the sign, it yields no behavior change.2) Negate II: If prosecution does not deter (e.g., apathy or disbelief), the sign’s threat is ineffective.3) Therefore, both I and II must hold for the notice to serve its deterrent function.Verification / Alternative check:Real-world compliance with signage generally depends on both communication reach (visibility, legibility) and consequence credibility (perceived risk). Removing either factor undermines deterrence.Why Other Options Are Wrong:“Only I” forgets about consequence salience. “Only II” assumes awareness without communication. “Either” is too weak: both are needed. “Neither” is plainly inconsistent with the purpose of warning signs.Common Pitfalls:Assuming one factor (threat) suffices without communication, or vice versa. Deterrence requires both exposure and credible sanction.Final Answer:Both Assumptions I and II are implicit.

Question 20

Statement–Assumption (School Punctuality Instruction): Statement: The principal instructs: “For the coming month, all students must reach school at least 15 minutes before the usual reporting time.” Assumptions: I) Parents of students are likely to …

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context:The principal issues a punctuality directive. We must detect which hidden beliefs are indispensable for issuing such an instruction. Note that speculative reactions of third parties (parents) are not automatically assumed unless the instruction depends on anticipating them.Given Data / Assumptions:Given instruction: Reach 15 minutes earlier for one month.Assumption I: Parents will protest.Assumption II: Parents may ask for withdrawal.Concept / Approach:An implicit assumption must be necessary. Ask: If we deny I and II (no protests/withdrawal requests), does the instruction lose logic? No—the directive is justified by school needs (e.g., assembly, safety checks, traffic management) irrespective of parental reaction predictions.Step-by-Step Solution:1) Identify the purpose of the instruction: improve punctuality/logistics.2) Test Assumption I: If parents do not protest, the instruction still stands; not necessary.3) Test Assumption II: If parents do not request withdrawal, the instruction still stands; not necessary.Verification / Alternative check:School administrations routinely issue time-bound reporting rules for examinations, drills, or events. Such directives do not presuppose opposition; they anticipate compliance. Therefore, neither I nor II underpins the instruction’s validity.Why Other Options Are Wrong:“Only I/Only II/Both/Either” incorrectly treat speculative parental behavior as a precondition, which it is not.Common Pitfalls:Confusing potential stakeholder reactions (which may or may not occur) with logical prerequisites for issuing an administrative directive.Final Answer:Neither Assumption I nor II is implicit.

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