Question 1

Himalayan rivers (Himachal origin): Which group of rivers originate in the Himachal mountains?  Select the set whose headwaters lie within Himachal Himalaya. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Facts Ravi, Beas, Chenab rise in Himachal Himalaya. Sutlej originates in Tibet (though it flows through Himachal). Ganga/Yamuna headwaters are in Uttarakhand; Mahanadi/Godavari/Krishna are peninsular. Final Answer Ravi, Beas, Chenab.

Question 2

Southern Western Ghats: What is the pass at the southern end of the Nilgiri Hills called?  Identify the major gap that connects Tamil Nadu with Kerala across the Ghats. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Concept The Palghat (Palakkad) Gap lies at the southern end of the Nilgiris, providing a low-elevation corridor between Coimbatore (TN) and Palakkad (Kerala). Final Answer Palghat (Palakkad) Gap.

Question 3

Geomorphology: The Pennines (Europe), Appalachians (North America), and Aravallis (India) are examples of which mountain type?  Classify these ranges by their geologic history and present topography. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Concept These ranges are ancient, highly denuded fold belts, now presenting rounded, residual relief. They contrast with young fold systems like the Himalayas or Andes. Final Answer Old fold (relict/residual) mountains.

Question 4

Trans-Himalayan rivers: The Yarlung Zangbo river is known in India as which river?  Identify the Indian name after the river enters Arunachal Pradesh/Assam. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Fact The Yarlung Zangbo (Tsangpo) flows east across Tibet, turns south through the Great Bend, and enters India as the Brahmaputra. Final Answer Brahmaputra.

Question 5

Indian nuclear power: Which atomic power station in India was built completely indigenously (design and construction)?  Identify the first fully indigenous PHWR-based station. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Context Tarapur (TAPS) used imported BWR technology. Rajasthan RAPS-1/2 began with Canadian assistance (CANDU line). Kalpakkam (MAPS) was India’s first completely indigenous PHWR project in design and execution. Narora is also indigenous PHWR, but MAPS is recognized as the first fully indigenous station. Final Answer Kalpakkam – MAPS.

Question 6

World regional climatology: Identify the natural region that encompasses the Indian subcontinent.  Consider Köppen-type broad climatic regions commonly used in school geography. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Concept/Approach The Indian subcontinent is classically described in school atlases as part of the tropical monsoon natural region, characterized by seasonal reversal of winds and a distinct wet and dry season. Elimination Equatorial rainforest: year-round convectional rain; not seasonal like India. Temperate grassland & Mediterranean: mid-latitude regimes unlike tropical India. Final Answer Tropical monsoon region.

Question 7

Indian soils (zonal classification): The zonal soil type predominant over the Peninsular Plateau belongs to which broad group?  Use the classic Pedocal–Pedalfer distinction used in older school geography texts. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Given/Recall Large parts of Peninsular India have red and lateritic soils formed under humid conditions with leaching of bases. Concept Pedalfers = Al/Fe rich (leached), typical of humid climates; Pedocals = CaCO3 rich (semiarid). Conclusion Pedalfers best describe peninsular red/lateritic soils in this zonal framework.

Question 8

Agronomy: Which of the following is regarded as a plantation crop in India?  Plantation crops are perennial, grown on estates for commercial processing and export. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Concept Tea is a classic plantation crop (perennial bush, estate cultivation, processing at factories). Cereals/pulses (wheat, rice, gram) are annual field crops, not plantation crops. Final Answer Tea.

Question 9

Irrigation demand: Which crop generally requires the maximum water per hectare under Indian conditions?  Assume traditional field practices and comparable agro-climatic settings. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Concept/Numbers Sugarcane has the highest water requirement per hectare among common Indian field crops (often >1500–2500 mm/season depending on climate and duration). Paddy is also water-intensive, but per hectare seasonal demand for cane is typically higher due to long duration and evapotranspiration. Final Answer Sugarcane.

Question 10

Farming systems in India: What is the predominant type of agriculture practiced in India?  Focus on the overall national pattern of holdings, inputs, and objectives. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Concept India's agriculture is dominated by small and marginal holdings with intensive subsistence practices, relying heavily on monsoon rainfall and family labor. Final Answer Subsistence, intensive smallholder farming.

Question 11

Petroleum refining (private sector): The only private sector refinery set up by Reliance Petroleum Ltd. is located at which place?  Identify the well-known private mega-refinery hub in western India. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Fact Jamnagar in Gujarat hosts the large private-sector refining complex developed by Reliance. Final Answer Jamnagar (Gujarat).

Question 12

Oil refineries (PSU ownership): The refineries at Mathura, Digboi, and Panipat are set up by which PSU?  Identify the Indian public sector company that owns/operates these refineries. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Fact Mathura, Digboi, Panipat refineries belong to IOC, India's largest downstream PSU. Final Answer Indian Oil Corporation (IOC).

Question 13

Indian coal geology: Which group accounts for over 90% of India’s annual coal production?  Consider the geologic age-based classification used in Indian coalfields. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Concept India's coal output is dominated by Gondwana-age coalfields (Permian), which contribute >90% of production; Tertiary and lignite contribute the remainder. Final Answer Gondwana coalfields.

Question 14

Employment structure: Approximately what percentage of India’s total population is employed in agriculture?  Use the widely cited broad figure in general-studies sources. Choose the closest option.

Accepted Answer

Context General-studies references often cite ~55–60% of India's population as being dependent on agriculture (workforce share varies by source/year). The closest option is 58%. Final Answer About 58%.

Question 15

History of Indian oil: The oldest oil field in India is ____ located in ____.  Fill in the correct historic field name and state. Choose the correct pair.

Accepted Answer

Fact Digboi in Assam is the site of India’s oldest oil field and refinery, with origins tracing back to the late 19th century. Final Answer Digboi — Assam.

Question 16

Which latitude passes through the middle of India?

Accepted Answer

Tropic of Cancer

Question 17

The tropic of cancer does not pass through which of these Indian states ?

Accepted Answer

Odisha

Question 18

Which of the following is a Trans- Himalayan river?

Accepted Answer

Two sub groups of Himalayan Rivers are Trans Himalayan Rivers and Himalayan Rivers. Trans Himalayan Rivers : These rivers originate beyond the Himalayas. They are The Indus, The Sutlej and The Brahmaputra Rivers. Himalayan Rivers : These are the rivers originate from Himalayas. They are The Ganga, The Yamuna and their tributaries.

Question 19

Which foreign country is closest to Andaman Islands

Accepted Answer

Myanmar

Question 20

Which river of India is called Vridha Ganga?

Accepted Answer

Godavari

Indian Geography Questions