Question 1

The prehistoric Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, famous for ancient cave paintings, are located in which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka are among the most important prehistoric archaeological sites in India. They contain rock paintings and evidence of human habitation that date back to the Stone Age. Because of their cultural and historical value, they are included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Many general knowledge and geography questions ask about the location of this site so that learners can connect Indian states with major heritage locations. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, a prehistoric archaeological site with cave paintings. We are asked to identify the Indian state in which this site is situated. The options given are Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. We assume the current political map of India and the commonly accepted location of this World Heritage Site. Concept / Approach: To answer correctly, we need to recall where Bhimbetka is marked on the map of India. Bhimbetka is located in the Raisen district near Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh. It lies in the Vindhyan ranges and consists of a series of rock shelters and caves. The other states listed in the options are important in their own right but are not home to this specific site. Matching the name Bhimbetka with its known state is enough to solve the question. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that Bhimbetka is a prehistoric site known for rock shelters and cave paintings. Step 2: Recall that these rock shelters are located near Bhopal, which is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. Step 3: Connect Bhimbetka with the Vindhyan rock formations in the central Indian region. Step 4: Examine the options and identify that only Madhya Pradesh matches this central Indian location. Step 5: Conclude that the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka are in Madhya Pradesh. Verification / Alternative check: One way to verify is to think of tourism or school atlas maps that mark Bhimbetka near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh. Travel guides to Madhya Pradesh often mention Bhimbetka along with Sanchi stupas and Khajuraho temples. There is no widely known site called Bhimbetka in Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh, or Karnataka. This repeated association in educational and tourism materials confirms that Madhya Pradesh is the correct state for this heritage site. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Maharashtra is wrong because its well known heritage sites include Ajanta and Ellora caves, but not Bhimbetka. Himachal Pradesh is wrong because it is part of the Himalayan region and is known more for hill stations and temples rather than the Vindhyan rock shelters. Karnataka is wrong because it is famous for places like Hampi and Badami, not for Bhimbetka. None of these states are the location of the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to confuse Bhimbetka with other rock cave sites such as Ajanta, Ellora, or Badami, which are located in different states. Learners sometimes rely on partial memory that a famous cave site must be in Maharashtra or Karnataka and answer hastily. To avoid this, it is useful to memorise a short list of famous sites with their states, such as Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh, Ajanta and Ellora in Maharashtra, and Hampi in Karnataka. Final Answer: The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka are located in the state of Madhya Pradesh.

Question 2

Dogri language, recognised in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India, is primarily spoken in which Indian state or union territory?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India is a multilingual country where different regions have their own major languages and dialects. Some of these languages are recognised in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution as scheduled languages. Dogri is one such language and is often asked about in examinations that test knowledge of Indian languages and their regional distribution. This question checks whether you know which state or union territory is primarily associated with Dogri. Given Data / Assumptions: The language in focus is Dogri, which is a scheduled language of India. We are asked to identify the state or union territory where Dogri is primarily spoken. Options provided are Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, and Jammu & Kashmir. We assume standard geographical and linguistic classifications used in school and exam material. Concept / Approach: Dogri belongs to the Indo Aryan language family and is primarily spoken in the Jammu region in the northern part of India. It is closely associated with the cultural identity of people in Jammu. After the reorganisation of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir, the region still retains its linguistic identity. The other listed options are states in eastern and northeastern India where other languages such as Assamese, Bengali, and Khasi dominate, not Dogri. Therefore, recognising the Jammu region as the home of Dogri leads directly to the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Dogri is a language traditionally spoken in and around Jammu. Step 2: Note that the former state of Jammu and Kashmir and the present union territory with the same name contain the main Dogri speaking population. Step 3: Examine the options and locate Jammu & Kashmir as the only one referring to that northern Himalayan region. Step 4: Recognise that Assam, West Bengal, and Meghalaya lie in the eastern and northeastern part of India and have different primary languages. Step 5: Conclude that Dogri is primarily spoken in Jammu & Kashmir. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, think about the list of scheduled languages and their states. Dogri is often listed with Jammu and Kashmir, just as Assamese is listed with Assam and Punjabi with Punjab. Many cultural references such as Dogri literature, folk songs, and theatre are connected with Jammu. There are no similar references connecting Dogri with Assam, West Bengal, or Meghalaya, which confirms that Jammu & Kashmir is the correct option. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Assam is wrong because the main language there is Assamese, along with Bodo and other tribal languages. West Bengal is wrong because Bengali is the primary state language and Dogri is not a major language of that region. Meghalaya is wrong because it is dominated by tribal languages such as Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia and not by Dogri. None of these options match the traditional Dogri speaking region in northern India. Common Pitfalls: Learners may sometimes confuse Dogri with other northern Indian languages or think that it could be spoken in several Himalayan states. Another pitfall is to guess based only on the fact that a state is in the north or northeast without recalling specific language associations. To avoid this, it helps to study a table mapping scheduled languages to their core states, such as Dogri with Jammu & Kashmir and Nepali with Sikkim and adjoining areas. Final Answer: Dogri is primarily spoken in Jammu & Kashmir.

Question 3

Within India, which of the following regions is considered most prone to frequent and severe earthquakes due to active tectonic activity?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Earthquakes occur mainly in regions where the Earth's crust is under active tectonic stress, such as plate boundaries and fault zones. In India, the Himalayas and the adjoining regions are among the most seismically active areas in the world. General knowledge questions often ask which parts of India are most prone to earthquakes so that candidates understand the link between tectonic processes and regional risk. This question focuses on identifying the most earthquake prone region among the options. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks about areas in India that are prone to earthquakes. Options include the Deccan Plateau, the GangaBrahmaputra Valley, the plains of northern India, and the Western Ghats. We assume standard seismic zoning in India, where the Himalayan belt and the northeastern region are among the highest risk zones. The term GangaBrahmaputra Valley refers to the large river valley and adjoining areas in the northeastern part of India, close to active plate margins. Concept / Approach: Earthquake proneness is highest where two tectonic plates converge or where there is major crustal movement. In India, the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate has created the Himalayan mountain system, and the northeastern region including the GangaBrahmaputra Valley lies in this highly active zone. The Deccan Plateau and Western Ghats are part of the stable peninsular shield and usually fall in lower seismic zones, while the general plains of northern India are less active than the belt near the Himalayan foothills and northeastern valley. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the Himalayan and northeastern regions of India fall in high seismic zones due to the collision of tectonic plates. Step 2: Recognise that the GangaBrahmaputra Valley lies in this northeastern region, close to the Himalayan foothills and complex plate boundaries. Step 3: Remember that the Deccan Plateau is part of the ancient, stable peninsular block with comparatively fewer major earthquakes. Step 4: Note that the Western Ghats, while mountainous, are also part of the stable shield and are not as earthquake prone as the Himalayan belt. Step 5: Conclude that among the options, the GangaBrahmaputra Valley is the most earthquake prone region. Verification / Alternative check: A useful check is to think of major earthquakes in recent history. Many strong earthquakes affecting India have occurred in regions such as Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and other parts of the northeastern states, as well as in the Himalayan belt near the GangaBrahmaputra basin. Official seismic zonation maps of India place much of this region in Zone V, the highest risk category. In contrast, the Deccan Plateau and Western Ghats generally fall in lower risk zones, confirming that the valley region is more prone to earthquakes. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Deccan Plateau is wrong because it lies on a relatively stable part of the Indian plate with comparatively fewer large earthquakes. Plains of northern India, as a broad term, include areas that are less active than the concentrated seismic belt along the northeastern valley and Himalayan foothills. Western Ghats is wrong because it is a mountain range on the western side of the Deccan Plateau but not a major tectonic collision zone like the Himalayan front. None of these regions match the high seismicity of the GangaBrahmaputra Valley. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes think that any hilly or mountainous region must be equally prone to earthquakes and therefore may mistakenly choose the Western Ghats. Another common error is to treat the entire northern plain as a single high risk area without recognising that the highest seismic activity is concentrated closer to the Himalayan margin and northeastern valley. Reviewing seismic zone maps and linking them with regional names helps avoid such confusion. Final Answer: The region in India most prone to earthquakes among the options is the GangaBrahmaputra Valley.

Question 4

Which wildlife sanctuary or national park in India is famous for the conservation of the one horned rhinoceros, and in which state is it located?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The one horned rhinoceros is an iconic large mammal of the Indian subcontinent and a flagship species for conservation efforts. India has taken special measures to protect this animal, especially in certain protected areas. General knowledge questions often focus on matching a famous species with the sanctuary or national park that is best known for its conservation. This question asks you to identify which sanctuary is famous for rhinoceros and the state where it is located. Given Data / Assumptions: The animal of interest is the one horned rhinoceros, sometimes called the Indian rhinoceros. We must match it with the correct protected area and the state where that protected area is located. The options list combinations of park and state, such as Gir in Gujarat and Kaziranga in Assam. We assume the current status of major national parks and what species they are known for conserving. Concept / Approach: Kaziranga National Park in Assam is world famous for its population of the great one horned rhinoceros. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a key stronghold for this species. Gir National Park in Gujarat is known for Asiatic lions, Ranthambore in Rajasthan for tigers and historic fort ruins, and Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand for tigers and other wildlife. By recalling which park is associated with which flagship animal, we can identify Kaziranga in Assam as the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the one horned rhinoceros is most closely associated with the floodplain grasslands of Assam and nearby areas. Step 2: Remember that Kaziranga National Park is located in Assam and is famous for having a very high density of this rhinoceros. Step 3: Recognise that Gir in Gujarat is a sanctuary for Asiatic lions, not rhinoceros. Step 4: Note that Ranthambore in Rajasthan and Corbett in Uttarakhand are leading tiger reserves, not primary rhinoceros habitats. Step 5: Conclude that Kaziranga, Assam is the sanctuary park and state combination associated with the one horned rhinoceros. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, think of typical exam pairings: Gir with lions, Kaziranga with rhinoceros, Ranthambore and Corbett with tigers. News reports and documentaries on rhino conservation in India almost always mention Kaziranga as a central site, showing rhinos grazing in tall elephant grass and crossing wetlands. These repeated associations in textbooks and media confirm that Kaziranga in Assam is the correct answer, while the other parks are known for different flagship species. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Gir, Gujarat is wrong because it is dedicated primarily to the conservation of the Asiatic lion. Ranthambore, Rajasthan is wrong because it is primarily a tiger reserve and is widely advertised for tiger sightings near its historic fort. Corbett, Uttarakhand is wrong because it is India's first national park and a famous tiger reserve, but not a key rhinoceros habitat. None of these parks serve as the main conservation area for the one horned rhinoceros in the way that Kaziranga does. Common Pitfalls: Some students may confuse rhinos with other large mammals and select Gir or Corbett simply because those parks are also well known. Another common oversight is to forget the exact state name associated with a park, for example remembering Kaziranga but not connecting it to Assam. To avoid such errors, it helps to memorise a small table linking each major park with both its flagship species and the state where it is located. Final Answer: The sanctuary famous for the one horned rhinoceros is Kaziranga, Assam.

Question 5

In Rajasthan, the atomic (nuclear) power station associated with the Rajasthan Atomic Power Project is situated at which of the following places?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India uses nuclear power as one of the sources of electricity generation. Several nuclear power stations are located in different states, each associated with a particular site name. In Rajasthan, the Rajasthan Atomic Power Project is an important nuclear installation. General knowledge questions often test whether candidates can correctly associate this project with its specific location. This question focuses on identifying the place in Rajasthan where the atomic power station is situated. Given Data / Assumptions: The question asks about an atomic or nuclear power station in Rajasthan. The options given are Pokhran, Suratgarh, Rawatbhata, and Chittorgarh. The known nuclear power project in Rajasthan is the Rajasthan Atomic Power Project, often abbreviated as RAPP. We assume the standard location used in official documents and exam oriented material. Concept / Approach: The Rajasthan Atomic Power Station is located at Rawatbhata in the Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan. The installation comprises multiple reactor units and is one of the earliest commercial nuclear power stations in India. Pokhran is associated with nuclear tests, not a commercial power station. Suratgarh is known for thermal power and agriculture, while Chittorgarh is the name of the district and famous fort, not the specific nuclear plant site. Recognising that Rawatbhata is the proper name of the nuclear power station site is the key to answering the question. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Rajasthan hosts the Rajasthan Atomic Power Project, a nuclear power station. Step 2: Remember that this project is located at a town called Rawatbhata, near Kota and within the Chittorgarh district. Step 3: Examine the options and identify Rawatbhata as one of them. Step 4: Recognise that Pokhran is well known for nuclear weapons tests, not for a power generating station. Step 5: Conclude that the correct location of the atomic power station in Rajasthan is Rawatbhata. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, recall that official references often use the name Rajasthan Atomic Power Station, Rawatbhata. News and educational material about Indian nuclear power list Rawatbhata along with other sites such as Tarapur, Kakrapar, and Kalpakkam. Pokhran, on the other hand, appears in discussions of underground nuclear tests and defence, not commercial electricity generation. This clear separation in usage confirms that Rawatbhata is the correct answer for the power station. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Pokhran is wrong because it is associated with nuclear tests in the Thar Desert region, not with a civilian nuclear power plant. Suratgarh is wrong because it is known more for thermal power and irrigation projects than for nuclear energy. Chittorgarh, although the district where Rawatbhata lies, is not the specific site name used for the atomic power station and is typically remembered for its historic fort rather than a nuclear plant. Therefore, only Rawatbhata directly names the nuclear power station site. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to confuse Pokhran's nuclear test fame with nuclear power generation and choose it as the answer. Another pitfall is to see the name Chittorgarh and assume that because Rawatbhata is in that district the plant will be referred to by the district name. However, exam questions usually expect the precise site name. To avoid such errors, it is helpful to memorise the main nuclear power stations with their exact locations, such as Rawatbhata in Rajasthan and Tarapur in Maharashtra. Final Answer: The atomic power station in Rajasthan is situated at Rawatbhata.

Question 6

Nepali language, widely used in the eastern Himalayan region of India, is primarily spoken in which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India contains many languages that are also spoken across international borders. Nepali is one such language that is spoken in Nepal as well as in parts of India. Within India, Nepali has official recognition in some regions and is included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Examinations often ask which Indian state is most closely associated with Nepali as a primary language. This question checks your knowledge of linguistic geography in the eastern Himalayas. Given Data / Assumptions: The language in question is Nepali. We must identify the Indian state where Nepali is primarily spoken and has strong official presence. Options given are Karnataka, Rajasthan, Sikkim, and Andhra Pradesh. We assume current political boundaries and standard references for language distribution in India. Concept / Approach: Nepali is an Indo Aryan language spoken widely in Nepal and in several hill districts in India. Within India, Sikkim is the state where Nepali is a major language and has official status. The other options, Karnataka, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh, lie in peninsular and western India and have their own Dravidian or Indo Aryan languages as the primary state languages, not Nepali. Recognising Sikkim as the Himalayan state where Nepali is dominant leads quickly to the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Sikkim is a small Himalayan state in northeastern India with a large Nepali speaking population. Step 2: Remember that Nepali is one of the official languages of Sikkim and is widely used in administration, education, and daily life. Step 3: Note that Karnataka is a southern state where Kannada is the main language. Step 4: Recognise that Rajasthan is a northwestern state where Rajasthani dialects and Hindi dominate, and Andhra Pradesh is a southern state where Telugu is the state language. Step 5: Conclude that among the options, Sikkim is the state primarily associated with Nepali language. Verification / Alternative check: As a verification step, think of common textbook pairings such as Nepali with Sikkim, and Assamese with Assam. Many questions on Indian languages ask you to match Sikkim with Nepali, along with other languages used by local communities. The hill districts of West Bengal like Darjeeling also use Nepali, but Sikkim is the only state option provided here. The other options are far from the Himalayan belt, which reinforces that Sikkim is the right answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Karnataka is wrong because its main language is Kannada, a Dravidian language, and Nepali is not widely spoken there. Rajasthan is wrong because Rajasthani dialects and Hindi are common, not Nepali. Andhra Pradesh is wrong because Telugu is the dominant language there, and it has no major Nepali speaking region. None of these states lie near Nepal or the eastern Himalayas, where Nepali is naturally a local language. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to forget which northeastern or Himalayan state is linked with which language and to confuse Sikkim with other states like Assam or Arunachal Pradesh. Another pitfall is to underestimate the importance of geography, such as proximity to Nepal, when thinking about language distribution. To avoid these issues, it is useful to remember that Sikkim shares a border with Nepal and that Nepali is a major language in both, making Sikkim the correct association in Indian geography questions. Final Answer: Nepali is primarily spoken in the Indian state of Sikkim.

Question 7

Which of the following UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India comprises the archaeological remains of an ancient monastic and scholastic institution?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Some UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India are famous not just for architecture but also for their role in education and religion. Nalanda Mahavihara in Bihar was one of the world's oldest residential universities and a major centre of Buddhist learning. General knowledge questions often highlight Nalanda as a monastic and scholastic complex where monks and students lived and studied together. This question asks you to identify which site among the options fits that description. Given Data / Assumptions: The focus is on a site that consists of archaeological remains of a monastic and scholastic institution. Options are Nalanda, Rani ki vav, Hill Forts of Rajasthan, and Fatehpur Sikri. We assume UNESCO descriptions and commonly used textbook summaries of these sites. The correct site should clearly be associated with an ancient university or monastic learning centre. Concept / Approach: Nalanda Mahavihara in present day Bihar was a large Buddhist monastic university that flourished for many centuries. It included temples, monasteries, lecture halls, and residential quarters. Archaeological remains show planned courtyards, cells for monks, and educational facilities. Rani ki vav is a stepwell in Gujarat, Hill Forts of Rajasthan are defensive structures, and Fatehpur Sikri is a Mughal capital with palaces and mosques. Only Nalanda matches the description of a monastic and scholastic institution. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the question mentions both monastic and scholastic functions, suggesting a religious learning centre. Step 2: Recall that Nalanda was an ancient Buddhist university where monks studied subjects such as philosophy, logic, grammar, medicine, and astronomy. Step 3: Consider the other sites: Rani ki vav is a richly decorated stepwell in Gujarat, mainly associated with water storage and art. Step 4: Note that Hill Forts of Rajasthan mainly refer to defensive forts such as Chittorgarh and Kumbhalgarh, not monasteries or universities. Step 5: Recognise that Fatehpur Sikri is a planned Mughal city and former imperial capital, not an ancient monastic university, and conclude that Nalanda is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, recall UNESCO's description of Nalanda Mahavihara as the archaeological site of a monastic and scholastic institution that dates from the third century BCE to the thirteenth century CE. It mentions monasteries, temples, and structures related to learning. In contrast, UNESCO material about Rani ki vav focuses on stepwell architecture, Hill Forts of Rajasthan on military structures, and Fatehpur Sikri on Mughal urban planning. This confirms that only Nalanda fits the monastic university description. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Rani ki vav is wrong because it is a stepwell in Gujarat celebrated for its sculptural decoration and engineering, not for educational institutions. Hill Forts of Rajasthan is wrong because these forts served as military strongholds and royal seats rather than monastic universities. Fatehpur Sikri is wrong because it was a Mughal capital near Agra, known for palaces, mosques, and administrative buildings rather than a Buddhist monastic campus. None of these options match the specific focus on monastic and scholastic remains. Common Pitfalls: Students may sometimes be misled by the term archaeological remains and think of any ancient site, such as Fatehpur Sikri or hill forts, without focusing on the educational and monastic aspect. Others might simply look for a famous World Heritage Site name they recognise and answer quickly. To avoid this, always read the descriptive phrase carefully. Words like monastic and scholastic strongly point toward an ancient university complex such as Nalanda. Final Answer: The site that comprises the archaeological remains of a monastic and scholastic institution is Nalanda.

Question 8

Dandiya, often performed during the Navratri festival with colourful sticks, is a popular folk dance form of which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India has many regional folk dance forms that are closely associated with specific festivals and states. Dandiya is a lively dance performed with decorated sticks and is strongly linked with Navratri celebrations. Questions on Indian culture often ask you to correctly match such folk dances with their home states. This question focuses on Dandiya and tests whether you can identify which state it is most famously associated with. Given Data / Assumptions: The folk dance in question is Dandiya, also known as Dandiya Raas in some contexts. The options are Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh. We assume standard cultural associations as presented in school books and exam guides. The task is to select the state most widely recognised as the home of Dandiya. Concept / Approach: Dandiya is closely associated with the state of Gujarat in western India. During Navratri, people in Gujarat perform Garba and Dandiya as part of large community celebrations. The dance involves rhythmic movements with sticks that represent swords in a symbolic reenactment of divine battles. While similar celebrations may be seen in other states, the cultural origin and strongest association are with Gujarat. By recalling this link between Navratri, Garba, Dandiya, and Gujarat, we can choose the correct option. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that Dandiya is a folk dance involving pairs of dancers who strike decorated sticks in rhythm. Step 2: Recall that this dance form is especially popular during Navratri in Gujarat, often along with Garba. Step 3: Examine the options and identify Gujarat as the state most commonly mentioned in connection with Garba and Dandiya. Step 4: Note that Punjab is mainly associated with Bhangra and Giddha, and Maharashtra with Lavani and Koli dances. Step 5: Conclude that Gujarat is the correct answer for the origin of the Dandiya folk dance. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, think about images and videos of Navratri celebrations in India. These are frequently shown from cities such as Ahmedabad, Vadodara, and Surat in Gujarat, where Garba and Dandiya nights are major events. Cultural charts in exam guides also usually list Garba and Dandiya as folk dances of Gujarat. You rarely see Dandiya listed under Punjab or Maharashtra as a core folk dance, which confirms that Gujarat is the correct state. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Punjab is wrong because its most famous folk dances are Bhangra and Giddha, which are associated with harvest festivals and weddings, not Navratri Dandiya. Maharashtra is wrong because traditional dances there include Lavani and Koli, linked with the Deccan and coastal communities. Madhya Pradesh has its own tribal and folk dances, but Dandiya is not primarily identified with it in standard cultural references. Only Gujarat has Dandiya as a signature folk dance during Navratri. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may think that because Dandiya is now performed for Navratri in many cities across India, it must not belong to any one state. Others might confuse Bollywood style Dandiya sequences with general Indian culture, forgetting the regional roots. To avoid this, it is important to focus on the origin of the dance form, not its modern spread. Remembering the pair Garba and Dandiya as folk dances of Gujarat is a simple way to retain this information. Final Answer: Dandiya is a popular folk dance form of Gujarat.

Question 9

Keoladeo Ghana National Park in Rajasthan, famous for migratory birds, was formerly known by which of the following names?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Many protected areas in India have been upgraded in status or renamed over time. Keoladeo Ghana National Park in Rajasthan is a world famous bird sanctuary that attracts migratory birds from distant regions. Earlier, it was widely known by a different name. General knowledge questions often test whether candidates can map the older names of important parks to their current official names. This question focuses on the former name of Keoladeo Ghana National Park. Given Data / Assumptions: The protected area is Keoladeo Ghana National Park located in Rajasthan. The question asks what it was formerly called. Options are Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Khijadia Bird Sanctuary, Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, and Mayani Bird Sanctuary. We assume the standard historical naming used in textbooks and environmental studies material. Concept / Approach: Keoladeo Ghana National Park is located near the town of Bharatpur in Rajasthan and was originally known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary. It started as a duck shooting reserve for the rulers and later became a protected bird sanctuary. As its status was upgraded, the official name became Keoladeo Ghana National Park, but the older name remains common in many references. The other options are bird sanctuaries in different states and are not former names of this park. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Keoladeo Ghana National Park is near Bharatpur in eastern Rajasthan. Step 2: Remember that it was historically called Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary before being declared a national park. Step 3: Look at the options and identify Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary as one of them. Step 4: Recognise that Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary is in Goa, Khijadia is in Gujarat, and Mayani is in Maharashtra. Step 5: Conclude that Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary is the former name of Keoladeo Ghana National Park. Verification / Alternative check: Verification can be done by recalling that UNESCO and many older books refer to the site as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary or Keoladeo Ghana National Park interchangeably. Tourism material about Rajasthan often describes the journey from Bharatpur town to the bird sanctuary. The other sanctuary names are clearly linked to different states and locations. This cross checking confirms that Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary is the earlier name used for this national park. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary is wrong because it is located on the island of Chorao in Goa and has always carried that name, not Keoladeo. Khijadia Bird Sanctuary is wrong because it is placed in Gujarat near Jamnagar and is a separate wetland area. Mayani Bird Sanctuary is wrong because it is in Maharashtra and has no historical connection with the park in Bharatpur. None of these sanctuaries are former names of Keoladeo Ghana National Park in Rajasthan. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to see the phrase Bird Sanctuary and choose any option that looks familiar, without connecting it to Rajasthan and Bharatpur. Another pitfall is confusion between different bird sanctuaries named after famous ornithologists such as Salim Ali, which may appear more prominent in news or textbooks. To avoid such errors, memorise major park name changes, for example Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary becoming Keoladeo Ghana National Park. Final Answer: Keoladeo Ghana National Park was formerly known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary.

Question 10

When a meander loop of a river is cut off from the main channel, it forms a cut off lake that is also called an ________ lake.

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Rivers in their mature and old stages often flow across broad floodplains and develop winding curves known as meanders. Over time, these meanders can change shape and even get cut off from the main river channel, forming distinct features on the landscape. Geography questions frequently ask about the specific name given to the lake formed when a meander loop is cut off. This helps students link fluvial processes with landforms. Given Data / Assumptions: The question mentions a meander loop that becomes cut off from the main river channel. It states that the resulting water body is called a cut off lake and asks for the specific term for such a lake. Options provided are ox-bow, oasis, lagoon, and tectonic. We assume basic knowledge of river processes and types of lakes in physical geography. Concept / Approach: When a river meander becomes very pronounced, the neck of the meander can gradually narrow due to erosion on the outer banks and deposition on the inner banks. During floods, the river may take a shorter course across the neck, abandoning the old loop. The abandoned loop fills with water and becomes a crescent shaped lake known as an ox bow lake. An oasis is a water source in a desert, a lagoon is a shallow water body separated from the sea, and tectonic lakes form due to crustal movements. Only ox bow matches the description of a cut off meander lake. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the question deals with river meanders on a floodplain. Step 2: Recall that with time, erosion and deposition modify meanders and can isolate a loop from the main channel. Step 3: Understand that once the river adopts a straighter course and abandons the old loop, the isolated loop forms a lake. Step 4: Remember that this crescent shaped water body is termed an ox bow lake in geography. Step 5: Compare with other options and see that oasis, lagoon, and tectonic do not describe this river formed lake, confirming ox-bow as the correct choice. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, visualise diagrams from textbooks showing a series of meanders and the formation of an ox bow lake. The shape resembles the bow of an ox yoke, which is why it has that name. Satellite images of large rivers like the Ganga or Mississippi often show many ox bow lakes dotting the floodplain. None of these images or diagrams label such features as oases, lagoons, or tectonic lakes, which confirms that ox bow is the correct term. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Oasis is wrong because it refers to a fertile spot in a desert where water is available, usually from groundwater, not a former river meander. Lagoon is wrong because it describes a shallow coastal water body separated from the open sea by a barrier such as a sandbar or coral reef. Tectonic is wrong because tectonic lakes form due to movements of the Earth crust, such as faulting or subsidence, and are not directly related to meandering rivers. These definitions do not match the process described in the question. Common Pitfalls: Some students may confuse ox bow lakes with lagoons because both can appear curved or crescent shaped in some diagrams. Others may vaguely remember the word oasis and select it without thinking about the desert context. To avoid mistakes, always link the term ox bow specifically with cut off meanders in river floodplains. Using labelled diagrams while revising fluvial landforms is an effective way to retain these concepts. Final Answer: A cut off meander loop forms an ox-bow lake.

Question 11

China shares international land borders with several Indian states; with which of the following Indian states does China not share a boundary?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India shares land borders with several neighbouring countries, including China. The boundary with China runs across the Himalayan region and touches specific Indian states. Questions in geography and current affairs often ask which states share or do not share borders with particular countries. This question focuses on identifying the Indian state in the list that does not share a border with China. Given Data / Assumptions: We are dealing with the international land border between India and China. Options given are Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim. The task is to identify which state among these does not touch the China border at all. We assume the current political map of India and recognised international boundaries. Concept / Approach: The India China border lies mainly along the northern and northeastern Himalayan belt. The Indian states that share a border with China are Jammu and Kashmir region (including Ladakh), Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. Bihar is a landlocked state in the eastern Indo Gangetic plain and borders Nepal and other Indian states, but not China. Therefore, among the options, Bihar is the state that does not share a boundary with China, while Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim do. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall the list of Indian states that share a border with China: Ladakh region, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. Step 2: Note that Arunachal Pradesh in the northeast has a long boundary with China. Step 3: Remember that Himachal Pradesh in the western Himalayas and Sikkim in the eastern Himalayas also share borders with China. Step 4: Locate Bihar on the map as a state in the eastern plains that borders Nepal to the north but is far from the high Himalayan boundary with China. Step 5: Conclude that Bihar does not share a border with China, while the other three options do. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, mentally sketch a map of northern India. Starting from the west, the China border touches the Ladakh region, then passes along Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. Bihar lies south of Nepal and shares borders with states such as Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. At no point does the India China border descend into the plains of Bihar. This geographic check confirms that Bihar is the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Arunachal Pradesh is wrong because it has a disputed and extensive border with China in the northeast, often mentioned in news regarding the Line of Actual Control. Himachal Pradesh is wrong because its northern districts share a boundary with Tibet region of China. Sikkim is wrong because it is a small Himalayan state that has a defined border segment with China. All three are valid border states, so they do not fit the requirement of a state that does not share a border with China. Common Pitfalls: A common pitfall is to confuse the India Nepal and India China borders and to think that states like Bihar or Uttar Pradesh might touch China because they are in the north of India. Another mistake is to forget one or more border states and guess randomly. To avoid such errors, it is useful to memorise the precise list of Indian states that share a border with each neighbouring country and to mentally place them on a map during revision. Final Answer: China does not share its border with Bihar.

Question 12

Raja Ravi Varma, renowned for blending Indian themes with European academic painting techniques, was a great painter from which present day Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Raja Ravi Varma is one of the most celebrated painters in the history of modern Indian art. He is known for combining Indian mythological and cultural themes with European realistic painting techniques, especially oil painting and perspective. His works made images of deities and epics accessible to a wide public. Many general knowledge questions ask about his regional background so that students can link famous personalities with their home states. This question asks from which state he came. Given Data / Assumptions: The personality in focus is Raja Ravi Varma, a famous Indian painter. Options given are Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, and Kerala. We must identify the state with which he is historically and culturally associated. We assume present day state boundaries corresponding to his place of birth and work. Concept / Approach: Raja Ravi Varma was born in the princely state of Travancore at Kilimanoor, which lies in present day Kerala. His patrons belonged to Kerala's royal houses, and many of his works have strong links to Kerala and the broader south Indian region, even though his prints were popular throughout India. The options Bengal, Bihar, and Punjab refer to other regions that produced their own artists but are not associated with Raja Ravi Varma. Recognising Travancore as part of modern Kerala is the key step. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Raja Ravi Varma was born at Kilimanoor in the former princely state of Travancore. Step 2: Note that Travancore is located in what is now the state of Kerala in southern India. Step 3: Examine the options and see that Kerala is one of the choices. Step 4: Recognise that Bengal, Bihar, and Punjab are north and east Indian regions not linked to his birth or main activity. Step 5: Conclude that Raja Ravi Varma was a great painter from Kerala. Verification / Alternative check: Verification can be done by recalling references to the Kilimanoor Palace and the royal courts of Travancore, where Raja Ravi Varma received early patronage. Biographies and textbooks specifically mention Kerala as his home region. Furthermore, many cultural discussions in Kerala celebrate him as one of the most important painters associated with the state. No comparable regional connection exists with Bengal, Bihar, or Punjab in standard historical accounts of his life. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Bengal is wrong because, while the Bengal School of Art produced many notable artists, Raja Ravi Varma is not counted among them. Bihar is wrong because it is not mentioned in accounts of his life, patrons, or major works. Punjab is wrong for similar reasons, as it is not the region of his birth or main artistic activity. Only Kerala, through the region of Travancore and the Kilimanoor Palace, is consistently associated with Raja Ravi Varma. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse different schools of Indian painting and associate Raja Ravi Varma with Bengal due to the prominence of the Bengal School in art history discussions. Another pitfall is to focus only on where his prints became popular rather than on his birthplace. To avoid this, it is helpful to remember that Raja Ravi Varma is linked with Kerala and Travancore, while the Bengal School is associated with artists such as Abanindranath Tagore. Final Answer: Raja Ravi Varma was a great painter from the state of Kerala.

Question 13

Among the coastal states of India, which of the following has the longest coastline along the sea?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India has a long coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, and several states lie along this coast. Knowing which state has the longest coastline is a standard question in Indian geography because it relates to ports, fisheries, and maritime trade. This question asks you to identify the state with the longest coastline among the given options, all of which are coastal states. Given Data / Assumptions: We are comparing the lengths of coastlines of Indian coastal states. Options are Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka. We assume accepted measurements of coastline length used in textbooks and official statistics. The correct answer is the state with the maximum coastal length among these four. Concept / Approach: Gujarat lies on the western side of India along the Arabian Sea and has an extensive, highly indented coastline that includes the Gulf of Kachchh and the Gulf of Khambhat. This makes its total coastal length the longest among Indian states. Andhra Pradesh has a long coastline along the Bay of Bengal, but it is still shorter than that of Gujarat. Maharashtra and Karnataka have comparatively smaller coastlines. By recalling which state includes large gulfs and a very irregular shoreline, we can identify Gujarat as the correct option. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Gujarat is located in western India and touches the Arabian Sea with two major gulfs. Step 2: Understand that the presence of gulfs and irregular shorelines increases the total length of the coastline. Step 3: Note that Andhra Pradesh lies on the east coast and has a long but more regular coastline. Step 4: Remember that Maharashtra and Karnataka also border the Arabian Sea but occupy smaller segments compared with Gujarat. Step 5: Conclude that Gujarat has the longest coastline among the given options. Verification / Alternative check: A verification method is to remember that many exam guides and atlases explicitly state that Gujarat has the longest coastline among the states of India. They often show maps where Gujarat projects far into the sea with long shorelines around Kachchh and Saurashtra. Andhra Pradesh, although long on the east coast, lacks such deep indentations. When official data are presented, Gujarat usually appears at the top of the list of coastal states by coastline length, confirming this conclusion. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Andhra Pradesh is wrong because its coastline, while significant along the Bay of Bengal, is shorter than that of Gujarat. Maharashtra is wrong because its coastline is limited mainly to the Konkan region and a small part near Mumbai. Karnataka is wrong because it has a relatively narrow strip of coast between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, much shorter in length compared with Gujarat. None of these states surpass Gujarat in coastal length. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes select Andhra Pradesh simply because they remember that it has many coastal districts on the east coast. Others may guess Maharashtra due to the prominence of Mumbai as a major port. These choices arise when attention is focused on economic prominence rather than actual coastline length. To avoid confusion, it is useful to memorise that Gujarat leads in coastline length, followed by other states, and that gulfs add substantial length to its shore. Final Answer: Among the coastal states listed, the one with the longest coastline is Gujarat.

Question 14

In physical geography, which of the following terms is defined as the mass movement of rock, debris, or earth material down a slope under the influence of gravity?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Natural hazards can be classified based on the processes that cause them. One important hazard in hilly and mountainous regions is the downslope movement of rocks and soil under gravity, which can damage roads, buildings, and forests. Understanding the specific term used for this process is important for both physical geography and disaster management. This question asks you to identify that term from among several different types of natural events. Given Data / Assumptions: The definition given is mass movement of rock, debris, or earth material down a slope. Options are earthquake, cyclone, flood, and landslide. We assume standard definitions of these natural hazards as used in geography textbooks. We must select the term that directly matches the given description. Concept / Approach: Landslide is the general term used when large amounts of rock, soil, or debris slide or fall down a slope under the force of gravity. This can occur due to heavy rainfall, earthquakes, human activities, or the natural instability of slopes. Earthquakes refer to sudden shaking of the ground because of tectonic movements. Cyclones are intense low pressure systems with strong winds and rain. Floods refer to overflow of water covering normally dry land. Only landslide corresponds to the mass movement down a slope described in the question. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Focus on the key phrase mass movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Step 2: Recall that in geomorphology and disaster management, this type of movement is called a landslide. Step 3: Compare with the definition of an earthquake, which involves shaking of the ground, not necessarily movement down a slope. Step 4: Recognise that a cyclone is a rotating storm system over warm oceans and a flood is an excess of water covering land. Step 5: Conclude that landslide is the natural hazard that best fits the given description. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, think about news reports from hilly regions during heavy monsoon rainfall. They often mention landslides that block highways, destroy houses on slopes, and cause loss of life when hillsides collapse. The descriptions match the idea of rocks and soil rushing downhill. Earthquakes may trigger landslides, but they are not the sliding movement itself. Cyclones and floods involve atmospheric and hydrological processes, not primarily the mass movement of soil under gravity. This reinforces that landslide is the correct term. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Earthquake is wrong because it is defined as a sudden release of energy in the Earth crust leading to ground shaking, not specifically as movement of rock and debris down a slope. Cyclone is wrong because it describes a large scale air circulation system around a low pressure area, not a slope failure. Flood is wrong because it refers to water overflowing onto land, and does not require any movement of rocks or debris down a slope. None of these match the definition given in the question as directly as landslide does. Common Pitfalls: Some students may mark earthquake because landslides often occur after earthquakes, leading to confusion between cause and effect. Others may choose flood if they have seen pictures of mudflows and think of water related disasters. To avoid such confusion, it helps to remember that landslide is the generic term for gravity driven mass movement on slopes, while earthquakes, cyclones, and floods are distinct processes that may or may not trigger landslides. Final Answer: The mass movement of rock, debris, or earth material down a slope is called a landslide.

Question 15

The section of the Himalayas lying between the Tista (Teesta) and Dihang rivers in the eastern part of India is known as which of the following Himalayan ranges?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The Himalayas are not a single uniform range but are divided into various regional sections based on geography and state boundaries. These sections often carry names that correspond to nearby regions, such as Punjab, Kumaon, or Assam Himalayas. Questions in Indian geography frequently ask about which names correspond to which river boundaries. This question focuses on the part of the Himalayas that lies between the Tista and Dihang rivers. Given Data / Assumptions: The question mentions the part of the Himalayas between the Tista (Teesta) and Dihang rivers. We must choose the correct regional name for this section from the options given. The options are Nepal Himalayas, Kashmir Himalayas, Assam Himalayas, and Jammu Himalayas. We assume standard regional naming used in Indian geography textbooks. Concept / Approach: The Himalayan arc is commonly divided into segments, such as Punjab Himalayas, Kumaon Himalayas, Nepal Himalayas, and Assam Himalayas, based on river boundaries and nearby regions. The easternmost stretch of the Indian Himalayas, between the Tista and Dihang rivers, is generally referred to as the Assam Himalayas. Nepal Himalayas lie further west, mostly within Nepal. Kashmir and Jammu Himalayas are in the northwestern part of the arc. Therefore, the name that fits the Tista Dihang sector is Assam Himalayas. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify the Tista and Dihang as rivers in the eastern Himalayan region. Step 2: Recall that the Himalayan segment between these rivers is commonly known as the Assam Himalayas. Step 3: Remember that Nepal Himalayas refer mainly to the central section of the mountain chain within and near Nepal, not as far east as Dihang. Step 4: Note that Kashmir and Jammu Himalayas are names used for the northwestern parts of the Himalayas, near Jammu and Kashmir region. Step 5: Conclude that the correct regional name for the Tista Dihang section is Assam Himalayas. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, think of how atlases label Himalayan sections. Many show the Assam Himalayas as the easternmost part within India, lying roughly between Sikkim or northern West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh, bounded by the Tista and Dihang. Nepal Himalayas appear distinctly to the west, while Kashmir and Jammu Himalayas appear in the far northwest. This arrangement confirms that the Tista Dihang sector falls under the Assam Himalayas category. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Nepal Himalayas is wrong because that term is used for the central Himalayas located in and around Nepal, not the eastern sector bounded by the Dihang River. Kashmir Himalayas is wrong because it refers to the region around Jammu and Kashmir in the far northwest, far from the Tista and Dihang. Jammu Himalayas is similarly wrong for the same regional reason. None of these names match the eastern Himalayan segment described in the question. Common Pitfalls: A frequent mistake is to assume that any part of the Himalayas in the east must be covered by the term Nepal Himalayas, ignoring the separate naming of Assam Himalayas. Another pitfall is not paying attention to the river names and simply guessing based on which option looks familiar. To avoid this, students should memorise the standard river based divisions of the Himalayan arc and link each segment with its correct regional name. Final Answer: The part of the Himalayas between the Tista and Dihang rivers is called the Assam Himalayas.

Question 16

The headquarters of the National Film Archives of India (NFAI), responsible for preserving the film heritage of India, is located in which city?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Films are an important part of modern cultural heritage, and many countries maintain archives to preserve old films, posters, and related documents. In India, the National Film Archives of India (NFAI) plays this role by collecting, restoring, and preserving cinema material for future generations. General knowledge questions often ask where such organisations are headquartered so that students can connect cultural institutions with their locations. This question focuses on the city that hosts the NFAI headquarters. Given Data / Assumptions: We are dealing with the National Film Archives of India (NFAI). The question asks for the city where its headquarters is located. Options are Pune, Chennai, Bangalore, and Mumbai. We assume the standard location commonly cited in government and cultural references. Concept / Approach: NFAI was established with the objective of preserving Indian film heritage and is headquartered in Pune, a city in Maharashtra known for education and arts institutions. While Mumbai is the heart of the Hindi film industry and Chennai and Bangalore are important for regional cinemas, the official film archive organisation has its main office and facilities in Pune. Therefore, correctly identifying Pune as the headquarters city is essential to answer this question. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that NFAI is an organisation under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting that focuses on film preservation. Step 2: Remember that its main campus and archival facilities are located in Pune in the state of Maharashtra. Step 3: Compare this with Mumbai, which is the commercial capital and main film production hub but not the official location of NFAI headquarters. Step 4: Note that Chennai and Bangalore are important film and technology centres in southern India but are not linked with NFAI as its headquarters. Step 5: Conclude that Pune is the correct city where the National Film Archives of India is based. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, recall that several film festivals, retrospectives, and academic programmes related to film studies in India are organised in cooperation with NFAI in Pune. Official documents and websites clearly state Pune as the headquarters location. Although Mumbai might seem like a natural guess due to the film industry, NFAI is specifically set up in Pune to operate in a university oriented and archival environment. This distinction confirms Pune as the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Chennai is wrong because it is the hub of Tamil cinema but not the seat of NFAI. Bangalore is wrong because it is a major technology and software centre and home to Kannada cinema, but it is not where the national film archives organisation is headquartered. Mumbai is wrong because, while it is the centre of mainstream Hindi film production, the archival institution in question is officially located in Pune. None of these cities match the specific role that Pune plays as the NFAI headquarters. Common Pitfalls: The most common pitfall is to choose Mumbai automatically because many people associate Indian cinema with the Mumbai based film industry. Others might guess Chennai or Bangalore due to their role in regional cinema. These are understandable but incorrect associations. To avoid mistakes, it helps to create a mental list of cultural institutions and their headquarters, including NFAI in Pune and the National School of Drama in New Delhi. Final Answer: The headquarters of the National Film Archives of India is located in Pune.

Question 17

The tomb of the Mughal emperor Humayun, an early example of Mughal garden tomb architecture, is located in which Indian city?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The Mughal dynasty left behind many grand architectural monuments in the Indian subcontinent. The tomb of Humayun, the second Mughal emperor, is particularly significant because it represents one of the earliest examples of a large Mughal garden tomb and influenced later monuments such as the Taj Mahal. General knowledge and history questions often ask in which city this important tomb is located to link major monuments with their urban settings. Given Data / Assumptions: The monument under discussion is the tomb of the Mughal emperor Humayun. The options given are Hyderabad, New Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata. We must identify the city where this tomb stands today. We assume modern city names and current geographical locations of historical sites. Concept / Approach: Humayun's tomb is located in New Delhi and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is noted for its charbagh garden layout, Persian influenced design, and use of red sandstone and white stone. Although the Mughals built monuments in many parts of the subcontinent, this particular tomb stands in the capital region. Hyderabad, Mumbai, and Kolkata each have their own important historical landmarks, but none of them host the tomb of Humayun. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the tomb of Humayun is often visited as part of historical tours of Delhi. Step 2: Note that guidebooks and heritage lists place it among the main attractions of New Delhi, along with monuments such as the Red Fort and Qutub Minar. Step 3: Compare this with Hyderabad, which is known for Charminar and Golconda Fort, not for Humayun's tomb. Step 4: Recognise that Mumbai and Kolkata, though important cities, are not historically linked with the construction of this particular Mughal tomb. Step 5: Conclude that New Delhi is the correct city where Humayun's tomb is located. Verification / Alternative check: Verification can be done by recalling the typical list of World Heritage Sites in Delhi, which includes the Red Fort complex, Qutub Minar complex, and the tomb of Humayun. Maps of Delhi tourist circuits clearly mark this tomb near Nizamuddin. No such connection exists between Humayun and the core historic sites of Hyderabad, Mumbai, or Kolkata, which strengthens the conclusion that New Delhi is the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Hyderabad is wrong because its famous heritage structures belong mainly to the Deccan sultanates and the Nizam period, such as Charminar and Mecca Masjid, not the early Mughal emperors. Mumbai is wrong because it is known for colonial era architecture and modern commercial landmarks rather than a Mughal garden tomb of Humayun. Kolkata is wrong because it was the capital of British India at one point and features colonial buildings, not the tomb of a Mughal emperor. None of these cities fit the description of the location of Humayun's tomb. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may confuse Humayun's tomb with the Taj Mahal and think of Agra, or may assume that because the Mughals ruled from various cities, the tomb might be elsewhere. Another pitfall is to guess Mumbai or Kolkata simply because they are large and well known. To avoid such errors, it is useful to make a list of Mughal monuments and their locations, such as Humayun's tomb in New Delhi and the Taj Mahal in Agra. Final Answer: The tomb of the Mughal emperor Humayun is located in New Delhi.

Question 18

How many Indian states have a sea shore, that is, share a coastline with the sea or ocean, excluding union territories?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India has a long coastline along the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean. Both states and union territories share this coastline. Many questions in Indian geography ask how many states, as opposed to union territories, have a sea shore. Knowing this helps in visualising the political map and understanding which regions are involved in maritime trade, fisheries, and coastal ecosystems. This question focuses on the count of coastal states only. Given Data / Assumptions: We are asked to count Indian states that have a sea shore, not union territories. The options are 7, 8, 9, and 10. We assume the current list of Indian states that border the sea or ocean. Union territories such as Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Puducherry, and others are to be excluded from the count. Concept / Approach: To solve this, we list the coastal states one by one. On the west coast, the states are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, and Kerala. On the east coast, the states are Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal. Counting these gives a total of nine coastal states. Union territories like Daman and Diu, Puducherry, Lakshadweep, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands are not counted in this question because it specifically asks about states. Therefore, the correct number is nine. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: List the states on the western coastline along the Arabian Sea: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, and Kerala. This gives five states. Step 2: List the states on the eastern coastline along the Bay of Bengal: Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal. This gives four more states. Step 3: Add the counts: 5 states on the west coast plus 4 states on the east coast equals 9 coastal states. Step 4: Confirm that no other Indian state outside this list touches the sea or ocean. Step 5: Conclude that the total number of coastal states is 9, which matches option 9. Verification / Alternative check: As a check, visualise the political map of India starting from the northwest near Gujarat and moving clockwise. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, and Kerala line the Arabian Sea. Turning around Sri Lanka and moving up the east coast, we encounter Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal. States like Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and others are inland and do not have coastlines. This visual sweep confirms that there are exactly nine coastal states. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Seven is wrong because it would leave out two legitimate coastal states. Eight is wrong because even if one mistakenly counts only the longer coastlines, there are still nine states which touch the sea. Ten is wrong because it would require adding at least one inland state incorrectly or double counting a union territory as a state. Only the number nine corresponds exactly to the list of coastal states without including union territories. Common Pitfalls: A frequent error is to confuse states with union territories and either undercount or overcount. For example, some learners mistakenly include territories like Puducherry or Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the state count or forget smaller states such as Goa. Another pitfall is to rush through the list and miss a state like West Bengal on the east coast. The best way to avoid mistakes is to slowly trace the coastline on a map and consciously note each state that touches the sea. Final Answer: The number of Indian states that have a sea shore is 9.

Question 19

The tropical region of the Earth generally has a hot climate throughout the year mainly because of its location around which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The Earth is divided into different climatic zones based on latitude. The tropical zone is one of these and is known for high temperatures and relatively small seasonal variation. Understanding why the tropics are hot is a basic concept in climatology and physical geography. This question tests whether you can relate the tropical region to its position on the globe and the way it receives solar radiation. Given Data / Assumptions: The question refers to the tropical region having a generally hot climate. We must identify the geographical feature around which this region is located. Options are poles, southern hemisphere, high altitudes, and equator. We assume standard definitions of these terms and the usual division of the Earth into latitude based zones. Concept / Approach: The tropical zone lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, straddling the equator. In this zone, the Sun is nearly overhead sometime during the year at any given place. As a result, the intensity of solar radiation is high and fairly consistent, leading to warm temperatures throughout the year. The poles, high altitudes, and general reference to the southern hemisphere do not explain the universal heat of the tropics in both hemispheres. Therefore, the key factor is proximity to the equator. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the equator is the imaginary line at 0 degrees latitude that circles the Earth midway between the poles. Step 2: Remember that the tropical zone extends roughly from 23.5 degrees North (Tropic of Cancer) to 23.5 degrees South (Tropic of Capricorn) on both sides of the equator. Step 3: Understand that in this zone the Sun's rays strike the surface more directly, resulting in higher solar energy input per unit area. Step 4: Recognise that this direct and consistent solar heating leads to a generally hot climate year round with less variation in temperature. Step 5: Conclude that the tropical region is hot mainly because it is located around the equator. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, think about examples of tropical countries such as India near the Tropic of Cancer, Indonesia near the equator, and Brazil, all of which experience warm climates for most of the year. These countries lie within the latitude band around the equator. In contrast, polar regions near the poles are cold due to low sun angles, and high altitude areas are cooler due to thinner air and lower temperatures. The southern hemisphere alone does not explain the heat, since there are tropical regions in both hemispheres. This confirms the equator as the determining feature. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Poles is wrong because polar regions are known for very cold climates, not heat. Southern hemisphere is wrong because the tropical zone exists in both hemispheres, and climate there is governed by latitude rather than hemisphere identity alone. High altitudes is wrong because temperatures usually decrease with height, so high altitude regions are often cooler, even within the tropics. None of these options explain the general warmth of the tropical region as well as the equator does. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may confuse the term tropical with southern hemisphere and think that all tropical regions lie south of the equator, which is not correct. Others might not recall that high altitudes are cooler and may be misled by mountain climates. The key is to associate tropical climate with low latitude and direct solar radiation around the equator. Visualising the Earth with latitude lines and remembering that the Sun is overhead in the tropics helps anchor this concept. Final Answer: The tropical region is generally hot because it is located around the equator.

Question 20

In the context of regional trade blocs, which one of the following countries is a member of the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The South Asian Free Trade Area, abbreviated as SAFTA, is an important regional trade agreement that often appears in competitive exams on Indian and world geography, economics, and current affairs. This question tests whether you can correctly identify which of the listed countries actually belongs to the South Asian group that signed this agreement. Knowing the core South Asian countries and how they cooperate on trade helps in understanding regional integration and India's external economic environment. Given Data / Assumptions: We are asked about membership of the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA). Four countries are given as options: China, Japan, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. Only one of these is a genuine SAFTA member state. We assume the standard SAFTA membership list based on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. Concept / Approach: SAFTA is a trade agreement among the SAARC member countries. The SAARC region broadly consists of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Countries that are outside SAARC, such as large East Asian economies, are not part of SAFTA. The quickest approach is therefore to recall which of the listed options is actually a SAARC member and therefore part of SAFTA, and then eliminate the others as non members of this particular agreement. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that SAFTA is linked directly to SAARC membership, so only SAARC countries can be part of SAFTA. Step 2: List the SAARC countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Step 3: Compare the given options with this list of countries. Step 4: China is a major East Asian country and not part of SAARC, so it is not a SAFTA member. Step 5: Japan is another East Asian country, also not a SAARC member and hence not part of SAFTA. Step 6: Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country and a member of ASEAN, not SAARC, so it is not in SAFTA. Step 7: Sri Lanka is one of the original SAARC members and therefore is a party to the SAFTA agreement. Step 8: Since only Sri Lanka appears on both the SAARC and SAFTA lists, it is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: A quick verification method is to remember that SAFTA was created to promote trade among the SAARC countries only. If an option is not a SAARC country, it automatically cannot be a SAFTA member. By simply checking whether the option lies within the Indian subcontinent or immediate South Asian region, we can confirm that Sri Lanka fits, whereas China, Japan, and Myanmar belong to different regional groupings. This cross check supports our answer choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: China is a large Asian power but belongs to different regional economic frameworks and is not part of SAARC, so it is not in SAFTA. Japan is an East Asian country with its own trade agreements and has no membership in SAARC. Myanmar is a member of ASEAN, not SAARC, and hence is outside SAFTA. Therefore, all these options do not satisfy the requirement of being South Asian Free Trade Area members. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to assume that any Asian country with strong trade links to India is part of SAFTA, which is not correct. Another error is to confuse SAFTA with broader free trade ideas in Asia, or with ASEAN based agreements that involve countries like Myanmar. Learners sometimes also mis remember the SAARC membership list, which leads to picking large but incorrect countries such as China or Japan. Careful memorisation of the exact group of SAARC nations helps to avoid such confusion. Final Answer: The only listed country that is a member of the South Asian Free Trade Area is Sri Lanka.

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