Question 1

Odisha, a coastal state on the eastern seaboard of India, often faces natural disasters most frequently due to which of the following causes along its coastline?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question checks understanding of physical geography and natural hazards affecting the eastern coast of India, specifically the state of Odisha. The eastern coastline that faces the Bay of Bengal is prone to certain recurring disasters, and many major cyclonic storms have made landfall there. Knowing the dominant type of natural hazard in a particular region helps in understanding disaster management, climate patterns, and regional vulnerability, all of which are important themes in Indian geography. Given Data / Assumptions: • The state in question is Odisha on the eastern coast of India. • We must identify the most common cause of natural disasters among earthquakes, rainfall, cyclones, and drizzle. • The question focuses on frequent and severe natural hazards, not just ordinary weather events. Concept / Approach: The Bay of Bengal is known globally as a region where tropical cyclones often form and then move towards the eastern coasts of India and neighbouring countries. Odisha, being on this coast, regularly experiences severe cyclones that bring very high winds, storm surges, and intense rainfall. While the state does receive heavy monsoon rains and can experience other hazards, cyclones are the most characteristic and damaging recurrent disaster for Odisha. Therefore, the correct answer must highlight cyclones rather than routine rainfall or relatively rare events like significant earthquakes in this region. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Odisha lies along the Bay of Bengal, which is a cyclone prone basin. Step 2: Understand that cyclones generate high winds, storm surges, coastal flooding, and heavy rain, all leading to large scale damage. Step 3: Compare with earthquakes, which are not as frequent or as characteristic in Odisha as on some other tectonically active belts. Step 4: Recognise that drizzle and normal rainfall are common weather features but are not classified as major natural disasters in the same sense. Step 5: Conclude that cyclones are the primary and most frequent natural disaster affecting Odisha. Verification / Alternative check: If we review news archives and disaster management reports, we repeatedly find mention of cyclones such as Phailin, Hudhud, Fani, and many others impacting Odisha. These events cause evacuations, damage to infrastructure, crop loss, and require large scale relief operations. By contrast, earthquakes are rarely highlighted as signature disasters in Odisha, and drizzle is too mild to qualify. Heavy monsoon rainfall can cause floods, but the most dramatic and recurring disasters in standard exam texts are cyclonic storms. This confirms that cyclones are the correct and widely accepted answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Earthquakes: Odisha is not a leading earthquake prone zone in India, so quakes are not its signature recurring hazard. Rainfall: Heavy rain occurs, but it is usually part of monsoons or cyclones, and plain rainfall by itself is not the primary labelled disaster here. Drizzle: Drizzle is light rain and is not considered a natural disaster, so this option can be safely ruled out. Common Pitfalls: Learners may confuse general bad weather with natural disasters and may think heavy rainfall alone is the main issue. Another mistake is to treat any coastal state as equally prone to earthquakes, which is not correct. For exam preparation, it is important to connect cyclones strongly with coastal Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and parts of West Bengal on the Bay of Bengal coast and remember that these states often appear in questions about cyclone related disasters. Final Answer: The correct choice is Cyclones, because Odisha often faces severe cyclonic storms from the Bay of Bengal that cause major natural disasters along its coast.

Question 2

Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the Char Dham Highway Development Project, also called the Chardham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana, at which of the following places in Uttarakhand?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question links Indian geography with current affairs and infrastructure development. The Char Dham Highway Development Project, also known as the Chardham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana, is a major road project in Uttarakhand intended to improve connectivity to the four important Himalayan shrines. The question asks where Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for this project, so it tests knowledge of a specific location in Uttarakhand as well as awareness of national projects. Given Data / Assumptions: • The project is the Char Dham Highway Development Project in Uttarakhand. • The event in question is the laying of the foundation stone by the Prime Minister. • The options list Rishikesh, Dehradun, Manikaran, and Haridwar as possible locations. • We assume the exam refers to the widely reported official ceremony related to this project. Concept / Approach: The approach is to recall the news event related to the launch of the Char Dham project. The foundation stone laying was a high profile ceremony covered extensively in national media, conducted at the Parade Ground in Dehradun, the capital city of Uttarakhand. While Rishikesh and Haridwar are important pilgrimage towns on the Ganga and Manikaran is a pilgrimage site in Himachal Pradesh, the official venue for the launch of this highway project was Dehradun. Therefore, the correct answer must match that specific administrative and ceremonial location. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that the Char Dham Highway project is associated with Uttarakhand and aims to improve access to the Himalayan shrines. Step 2: Recall from current affairs that the formal foundation stone ceremony was held at Parade Ground in Dehradun. Step 3: Check the options and identify Dehradun as the only one that directly matches the known venue of the event. Step 4: Eliminate Manikaran because it is in Himachal Pradesh, not Uttarakhand. Step 5: Eliminate Rishikesh and Haridwar because, although they are in Uttarakhand, they were not the reported site of the launch ceremony. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, one could refer to government press releases, PIB notes, or reliable news reports which describe PM Narendra Modi launching or laying the foundation stone of the Char Dham project in Dehradun. These sources clearly mention Dehradun as the location. Cross checking with multiple current affairs compilations used for competitive exams also confirms that Dehradun, the state capital, is the correct answer for this frequently asked question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Rishikesh: Although in Uttarakhand and on the Char Dham route, it was not the official venue for the foundation stone ceremony. Manikaran: This is a pilgrimage site in Himachal Pradesh, so it is outside Uttarakhand and not relevant to this event. Haridwar: An important religious town in Uttarakhand but not the reported location of the Char Dham highway launch ceremony. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes assume that because the project is religious in nature, the ceremony must have occurred at a famous temple town like Haridwar or Rishikesh. Another mistake is confusing news about other pilgrim related projects and mixing up locations. To avoid such errors, it is useful to remember that major infrastructure project launches often take place in state capitals or large administrative centres, which in this case points clearly to Dehradun. Final Answer: The correct choice is Dehradun, as the foundation stone of the Char Dham Highway Development Project was laid there by the Prime Minister.

Question 3

In Indian climatic and vegetation geography, thorn forests are predominantly found in which of the following states or regions?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Thorn forests are a characteristic type of vegetation found in arid and semi arid regions, especially where rainfall is low and evaporation is high. This question checks whether the learner can correctly associate this vegetation type with the appropriate Indian state. Understanding which states support thorn forests helps in visualising climate zones, rainfall patterns, and the relationship between environment and plant life in India. Given Data / Assumptions: • The vegetation type is thorn forest, marked by thorny shrubs and scattered trees adapted to drought. • The options include Kashmir, Kerala, Sikkim, and Rajasthan. • We are asked to identify where such forests are typically found in India. • We assume average school level knowledge of Indian vegetation patterns. Concept / Approach: Thorn forests thrive in hot and dry conditions with low annual rainfall, often in regions that can be described as deserts or semi deserts. In India, the Thar Desert and adjoining semi arid areas are classic examples where thorny vegetation and scrub forests dominate. These areas are mainly located in Rajasthan and parts of neighbouring states. On the other hand, Kashmir, Kerala, and Sikkim are relatively cooler or wetter and are instead associated with temperate, tropical moist, or alpine vegetation. Therefore, Rajasthan fits best with thorn forests among the options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that thorn forests are linked with hot, dry, and low rainfall conditions. Step 2: Identify which of the listed states has desert or semi arid conditions suitable for such vegetation. Step 3: Recognise that Rajasthan contains much of the Thar Desert and has arid to semi arid climate over large areas. Step 4: Note that Kashmir is largely mountainous and cold, Kerala is tropical and very rainy, and Sikkim is a Himalayan state with higher rainfall and different vegetation. Step 5: Conclude that Rajasthan is the correct state where thorn forests are widely found. Verification / Alternative check: School geography textbooks describe the distribution of natural vegetation in India and show maps where desert and semi arid regions coincide with thorn forests, especially over western Rajasthan. They also list examples of thorny species like babul and kikar associated with this region. Such texts almost never identify Kerala, Kashmir, or Sikkim as centres of thorn forest vegetation. A quick mental cross check of climate types confirms that Rajasthan is the only state in the list that matches the ecological requirements of thorn forests. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Kashmir: This region is known more for temperate forests and alpine meadows rather than classic thorn forests. Kerala: It has a hot and humid climate with very high rainfall, supporting tropical evergreen and moist deciduous forests instead of thorny scrub. Sikkim: As a Himalayan state with high rainfall and varied altitude, it supports montane forests rather than arid thorn forests. Common Pitfalls: Some learners may confuse the idea of thorny plants with any rough terrain and might think mountainous regions have such vegetation by default. Another error is to assume that hot equals dry and hence think of Kerala, forgetting that it is hot but also extremely wet. To avoid confusion, remember that thorn forests specifically indicate dry conditions with low rainfall, which in India is best represented by western Rajasthan and adjoining desert regions. Final Answer: The correct choice is Rajasthan, because its arid and semi arid climate supports typical thorn forests and scrub vegetation.

Question 4

According to Indian political geography, West Bengal shares its international boundaries with how many different countries?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question deals with the political geography of India and specifically the international boundaries of the state of West Bengal. Indian states that lie along international borders sometimes share boundaries with more than one country, and these facts are frequently tested in competitive examinations. Knowing how many countries border a particular state helps in understanding strategic location, cross border trade, and regional connectivity. Given Data / Assumptions: • The state in question is West Bengal in eastern India. • We must count the number of different countries that share international boundaries with West Bengal. • The options offered are 2, 1, 3, and 4. • We assume current generally accepted political boundaries as used in standard textbooks. Concept / Approach: West Bengal stretches from the Bay of Bengal in the south to the Himalayan foothills in the north. It is known to share borders with multiple neighbouring countries. Specifically, West Bengal shares international boundaries with Bangladesh along most of its eastern side, with Bhutan in the northern hilly part, and with Nepal around the Siliguri corridor region. Thus, the total number of distinct countries that border West Bengal is three. The approach is to list these neighbouring countries and then simply count them. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that West Bengal borders Bangladesh on its east over a long stretch. Step 2: Remember that in its northern region, West Bengal shares a border with Bhutan. Step 3: Also recall that West Bengal touches Nepal in the area near the narrow Siliguri corridor. Step 4: Count these three distinct neighbours, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal. Step 5: Compare with the options and note that three matches option representing the correct count. Verification / Alternative check: A quick cross check with a political map of India will show West Bengal touching Bangladesh along a major part of its eastern border, Bhutan along its northern edges, and a small but important stretch with Nepal. No other country directly touches West Bengal. Maps used in school atlases and exam guides consistently show this pattern. Therefore, the answer three is reliable and matches the commonly accepted geographic information. Why Other Options Are Wrong: 2: This would mean one of Bangladesh, Bhutan, or Nepal is not counted, which is not correct according to political maps. 1: This would be true only if West Bengal touched a single country such as Bangladesh, but it actually shares borders with more than one neighbour. 4: There is no fourth country directly bordering West Bengal, so this option overstates the number of neighbours. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to overlook the relatively narrow border segments with Bhutan and Nepal and to remember only the long border with Bangladesh. Another pitfall is confusing state boundaries with international ones, which may lead to miscounting. To avoid such errors, it is helpful to regularly revise the map of India, focus on border states, and memorise which countries they touch, particularly in the northeast and eastern region where the borders are more complex. Final Answer: The correct choice is 3, because West Bengal shares international boundaries with Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal.

Question 5

The Mahabodhi Temple Complex, one of the four major holy sites associated with important events in the life of Lord Buddha, is located in which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The Mahabodhi Temple Complex is a key pilgrimage site in Buddhist religious geography and is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It marks the location where Siddhartha Gautama is believed to have attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree and become the Buddha. Many general knowledge questions test the ability to associate such famous religious and heritage sites with their correct states, making this an important fact for Indian geography and culture based examinations. Given Data / Assumptions: • The site mentioned is the Mahabodhi Temple Complex, linked with events in the life of Lord Buddha. • It is one of the four major Buddhist pilgrimage sites. • We must identify the Indian state in which this temple complex is located. • The options are Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Delhi. Concept / Approach: The Mahabodhi Temple Complex is situated at Bodh Gaya, which lies in the state of Bihar in eastern India. Bodh Gaya is internationally recognised as the place of the Buddha enlightenment. Tamil Nadu and Karnataka are southern states with their own important temples and monuments, but they are not associated with Bodh Gaya. Delhi is the national capital territory and has many monuments but not this specific Buddhist pilgrimage site. Therefore, the correct approach is to recall that Bodh Gaya is in Bihar and mark Bihar as the correct state. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that the Mahabodhi Temple Complex refers to the temple at Bodh Gaya where Buddha attained enlightenment. Step 2: Recall that Bodh Gaya is a town located in the Indian state of Bihar, near the city of Gaya. Step 3: Scan the options and locate Bihar as one of the choices. Step 4: Eliminate Tamil Nadu and Karnataka since they are in southern India and are not the state of Bodh Gaya. Step 5: Eliminate Delhi since it is a separate union territory and is not the location of the Mahabodhi Temple Complex. Verification / Alternative check: If we consult heritage site lists or Buddhist pilgrimage guides, Bodh Gaya in Bihar is consistently identified as the site of the Mahabodhi Temple. UNESCO listings also mention the Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya in Bihar. Standard Indian geography and culture textbooks repeatedly pair Bodh Gaya and the Mahabodhi Temple with Bihar, leaving no ambiguity in the state association. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Tamil Nadu: Although rich in temple architecture, Tamil Nadu does not contain Bodh Gaya or the Mahabodhi Temple Complex. Karnataka: Known for sites like Hampi and various temples, but not for the Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya. Delhi: The national capital with many monuments, yet it is not the location of the Mahabodhi Temple Complex dedicated to Buddha enlightenment. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse different Buddhist and historical sites, mixing up Sarnath, Kushinagar, Lumbini, and Bodh Gaya, or they may associate famous temples with southern states by habit. To avoid such confusion, it is useful to remember a simple mapping: Bodh Gaya and Mahabodhi Temple with Bihar, Sarnath with Uttar Pradesh, and Lumbini with present day Nepal, revising them regularly. Final Answer: The correct choice is Bihar, because the Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya is located in that state.

Question 6

In world climatology, what is the name of the speedy cold wind that blows from the Uruguay side across the Pampas region of Argentina?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question belongs to world physical geography and climatology and focuses on local winds, which are named winds with distinctive characteristics in particular regions. The Pampas of Argentina and neighbouring areas are known for a strong, cold, gusty wind that arrives from the direction of Uruguay and the south west. Competitive exams often ask about such named local winds, so recognising which name belongs to which region is important. Given Data / Assumptions: • The wind is described as a speedy cold wind. • It blows from the Uruguay side over the Pampas region of Argentina. • The options list several named winds: Levant, Pampero, Harmattan, and Karaburan. • We assume standard textbook definitions of local winds. Concept / Approach: The Pampero is the well known cold wind that blows across the Pampas of Argentina, usually after the passage of a cold front, bringing a sharp drop in temperature and clear air. The Harmattan refers to a dry, dusty wind in West Africa, Levant is associated with the eastern Mediterranean, and Karaburan is a wind in Central Asia. Since the question explicitly mentions Pampas and Uruguay, the correct approach is to match this description with Pampero, the local name for that cold wind in southern South America. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note that the region mentioned is the Pampas of Argentina and nearby Uruguay. Step 2: Recall that the famous cold, gusty wind after cold fronts in this region is called the Pampero. Step 3: Compare names in the options and identify Pampero as the only one associated with South America. Step 4: Recognise that Harmattan belongs to West Africa, Levant to the Mediterranean, and Karaburan to Central Asia, not the Pampas. Step 5: Select Pampero as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Reviewing standard climatology tables of local winds shows Pampero clearly listed under South America, particularly the Argentine Pampas. The description in such references notes that the Pampero is a cold wind from the south or south west, often following a thunderstorm or cold front, affecting Uruguay and Argentina. None of the other named winds in the options share this description or region, confirming Pampero as the correct match. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Levant: This wind refers to an easterly wind in the western Mediterranean, especially near the Strait of Gibraltar, not to the Pampas region. Harmattan: A dry, dusty wind that blows from the Sahara toward the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa, unrelated to Argentina. Karaburan: A local wind of Central Asia, not associated with the Pampas or Uruguay region. Common Pitfalls: Candidates may confuse one local wind with another simply because the names are unusual or foreign. Another pitfall is to rely only on approximate sound or memory and pick a name at random. To avoid these mistakes, it is helpful to memorise a short mapping of key local winds to their regions, such as Mistral with southern France, Chinook with the Rocky Mountains, and Pampero with the Pampas of Argentina and Uruguay. Final Answer: The correct choice is Pampero, the speedy cold wind that blows across the Pampas region from the Uruguay side.

Question 7

In Indian mountain geography, Nanda Devi peak is located in which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Nanda Devi is one of the most famous peaks in the Indian Himalayas. It is the second highest mountain in India and the highest peak located entirely within Indian territory. This question checks whether the learner can identify the correct Indian state in which this important peak stands, which is a typical fact based query in Indian physical geography and environment sections of exams. Given Data / Assumptions: • The peak in question is Nanda Devi. • It is part of the Himalayan mountain system in India. • The options list four Himalayan or hill states: Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim. • We must choose the state where Nanda Devi lies. Concept / Approach: Nanda Devi lies in the Garhwal Himalaya within the state of Uttarakhand, specifically in the Chamoli district. The Nanda Devi National Park and Biosphere Reserve surrounding it are also in Uttarakhand. While Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim each contain impressive Himalayan peaks, Nanda Devi is not among them. The correct approach is therefore to connect Nanda Devi with the Garhwal region and mark Uttarakhand as the state. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Nanda Devi is a major Himalayan peak associated with the Garhwal region. Step 2: Remember that the Garhwal Himalaya lies in present day Uttarakhand. Step 3: Note that Uttarakhand hosts the Nanda Devi National Park, built around the mountain and its sanctuary area. Step 4: Compare the options and locate Uttarakhand as the one matching this description. Step 5: Eliminate Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim, as they are home to other peaks but not Nanda Devi. Verification / Alternative check: Standard atlases and mountain geography references clearly mark Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand, between the Rishiganga valley on the west and the Goriganga valley on the east. Additionally, the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is commonly described as lying in the Chamoli and Pithoragarh districts of Uttarakhand. No authoritative source places Nanda Devi in Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, or Sikkim, so the state association with Uttarakhand is confirmed. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Arunachal Pradesh: This eastern Himalayan state has peaks like Kangto and Gorichen, not Nanda Devi. Himachal Pradesh: Known for peaks in the Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar ranges, but Nanda Devi is not located here. Sikkim: Contains the massive Kangchenjunga range, yet Nanda Devi lies further west in Uttarakhand. Common Pitfalls: A typical mistake is to assume that any high Himalayan peak might lie in any Himalayan state, especially confusing Uttarakhand with Himachal Pradesh or Sikkim. To avoid this, learners should link specific famous peaks with particular states: Nanda Devi with Uttarakhand, Kangchenjunga with Sikkim border areas, and Nanga Parbat with the region of Kashmir outside present Indian controlled territories. Making a small table of peaks and states can help in quick revision. Final Answer: The correct choice is Uttarakhand, because the Nanda Devi peak and its surrounding national park are located in that state.

Question 8

The proposed Kovvada Nuclear Park project in India is planned to be set up in which state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question connects Indian geography with energy and infrastructure development. Nuclear parks or nuclear power projects are strategically planned along coastlines or near large water sources in various states. The Kovvada Nuclear Park is one such proposed project, and many examinations ask in which state specific projects are located. Knowing these locations reveals how energy infrastructure is distributed across India. Given Data / Assumptions: • The project mentioned is the Kovvada Nuclear Park. • It is a proposed nuclear power project in India. • The options list four Indian states: Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. • We are required to identify the state selected for the Kovvada project. Concept / Approach: The Kovvada Nuclear Park is planned in the coastal state of Andhra Pradesh, on the eastern coast along the Bay of Bengal. Specifically, it has been associated with the Kovvada village area in Srikakulam district. Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh do host other energy projects but are not the selected locations for this particular coastal nuclear park. Karnataka has coastal areas but in this case the well known proposed site is in Andhra Pradesh, so selecting that state is the correct approach. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify that Kovvada Nuclear Park is a coastal nuclear power project proposed in India. Step 2: Recall that the name Kovvada is associated with a village in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh on the Bay of Bengal coast. Step 3: Compare the given options and find Andhra Pradesh among them. Step 4: Eliminate Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh as they are inland or largely non coastal for such a bay facing project. Step 5: Eliminate Karnataka because the well known proposal for this named project is documented for Andhra Pradesh, not for Karnataka. Verification / Alternative check: A cross check using current affairs notes or official references on proposed nuclear power expansion shows that Kovvada has been discussed as a large capacity nuclear park in Andhra Pradesh. News articles and government briefings link the site repeatedly with Srikakulam district of that state. No reliable source identifies Kovvada Nuclear Park as a project of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, or Karnataka, so the Andhra Pradesh association stands confirmed. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Rajasthan: Though it has some nuclear and thermal projects, Rajasthan is not the coastal site named Kovvada and does not match the project in question. Uttar Pradesh: An inland state along the Ganga, not known for a Kovvada named coastal nuclear park. Karnataka: Has its own energy projects, including nuclear units elsewhere, but Kovvada is not listed as a Karnataka site in standard project maps. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse different nuclear projects such as Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu, Jaitapur in Maharashtra, and Kovvada in Andhra Pradesh. Another pitfall is selecting a coastal sounding state at random without remembering the specific district names. To avoid this, it is good practice to connect each nuclear project name to a particular state, for example Kovvada with Andhra Pradesh, Kudankulam with Tamil Nadu, and Jaitapur with Maharashtra. Final Answer: The correct choice is Andhra Pradesh, because the proposed Kovvada Nuclear Park project is planned there, on the Bay of Bengal coast.

Question 9

In basic geology, molten rock material that exists below the Earth surface inside the crust and mantle is known as what?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question comes from basic geology and physical geography. It focuses on the terminology used to describe molten rock. The key distinction is between molten material below the Earth surface and molten material that has reached the surface. Understanding the correct term is essential for describing volcanic processes, rock formation, and related landforms in geography and earth science topics. Given Data / Assumptions: • The substance described is molten rock material below the Earth surface. • It exists within the crust and upper mantle, not yet erupted onto the surface. • The options are basalt, laccolith, lava, and magma. • We assume standard textbook definitions of these geological terms. Concept / Approach: The correct term for molten rock below the Earth surface is magma. When this molten material escapes through volcanic vents and reaches the surface, it is then called lava. Basalt is a type of solid rock formed from the cooling of mafic lava. A laccolith is a particular intrusive igneous body formed when magma intrudes between rock layers and domes the overlying strata. Since the question clearly states that the material is molten and still below the surface, magma is the appropriate word to use. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the description carefully and note that the molten rock is below the Earth surface. Step 2: Recall that below the surface, molten rock is called magma, whereas on the surface it is called lava. Step 3: Recognise that basalt is a solid volcanic rock type produced after cooling and is not a term for molten material. Step 4: Understand that laccolith refers to a particular form of intrusive igneous structure rather than the molten material itself. Step 5: Therefore, select magma as the correct term that fits the description. Verification / Alternative check: Introductory geology and geography textbooks routinely present a simple pair of definitions: magma is molten rock beneath the surface, and lava is molten rock that has reached the surface. Diagrams of volcanoes label the underground chamber and conduits as containing magma. Basalt and laccolith are mentioned in sections on igneous rocks and intrusive features, not as names for the general molten material. This standard classification confirms magma as the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Basalt: A solid igneous rock that forms when lava cools, especially on the surface or ocean floor, not a term for molten material underground. Laccolith: A dome shaped intrusive body produced by magma injection between layers, but the word itself does not denote the molten material in general. Lava: This term applies to molten rock after it has erupted onto the Earth surface, which does not match the below surface condition in the question. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse lava and magma because both refer to molten rock, and they may use the words interchangeably. Another mistake is to pick a more familiar geological term like basalt without considering its precise meaning. To avoid such errors, remember a simple rule: magma is inside the Earth, lava is outside on the surface, and named rock types like basalt refer to cooled, solid forms of what was once lava or magma. Final Answer: The correct choice is Magma, which is the proper term for molten rock material below the Earth surface.

Question 10

Nanda Devi peak, one of the highest mountains located entirely within India, lies in which of the following Indian states?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question again tests awareness of Indian mountain geography, focusing on Nanda Devi, a prominent Himalayan peak. It reinforces knowledge that some peaks, although part of the wider Himalayas, are specifically associated with certain Indian states. Associating major peaks with their correct states helps build a clear mental map of high altitude regions and is a recurring theme in competitive examinations. Given Data / Assumptions: • The peak mentioned is Nanda Devi. • It is one of the highest peaks located entirely within India. • The options list Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Sikkim. • We must choose the correct state where this peak lies. Concept / Approach: Nanda Devi is located in the state of Uttarakhand, within the Garhwal Himalaya. Earlier, before state reorganisation, the region now forming Uttarakhand was part of Uttar Pradesh, which can sometimes cause confusion. However, in present day administrative terms, Nanda Devi lies in Uttarakhand, and modern exam questions use the current state names. Himachal Pradesh and Sikkim are major Himalayan states, but they host other notable peaks and not Nanda Devi. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Nanda Devi is linked with the Garhwal region of the Himalayas. Step 2: Know that the Garhwal and Kumaon regions now form the Himalayan part of Uttarakhand. Step 3: Recognise that Nanda Devi National Park and Biosphere Reserve are officially designated within Uttarakhand. Step 4: Compare options and find Uttarakhand as the one matching this description. Step 5: Eliminate Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Sikkim because they are not the present state locations of this peak. Verification / Alternative check: Authoritative maps and Himalayan peak lists place Nanda Devi in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. After the creation of Uttarakhand in the year 2000, all references to this area in modern geography use the new state name. Checking government information about Nanda Devi National Park also shows Uttarakhand as the state. Thus the association with Uttarakhand is clear and confirmed. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Himachal Pradesh: Contains peaks such as Reo Purgyil and others in the Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar ranges, but not Nanda Devi. Uttar Pradesh: This state once included the Garhwal region but now, in present division, Nanda Devi lies in Uttarakhand, not present day Uttar Pradesh. Sikkim: Associated with Kangchenjunga and neighbouring peaks, not with Nanda Devi which lies further west. Common Pitfalls: Confusion often arises because older records refer to the area as part of Uttar Pradesh, and some learners may remember that outdated association. Another mistake is to assume that any high Himalayan peak might belong to any Himalayan state. To avoid this, focus on the modern administrative map and connect Nanda Devi firmly with Uttarakhand in exam preparation. Final Answer: The correct choice is Uttarakhand, because Nanda Devi and its surrounding national park are situated in that state.

Question 11

The colonial era Tinkathiya Pratha, under which peasants were forced to grow indigo on three twentieths of their land, is mainly associated with which region in India?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question ties together Indian geography and the history of the freedom struggle. Tinkathiya Pratha was an exploitative agricultural system imposed during colonial times, especially in the context of indigo cultivation. It is closely linked to a specific region where Mahatma Gandhi later led a famous satyagraha. Recognising that region allows candidates to connect historical events with their geographical locations. Given Data / Assumptions: • Tinkathiya Pratha refers to a system where peasants had to plant indigo on three twentieths of their land. • The question asks about the region mainly associated with this practice. • The options are Champaran, Kheda, Bardoli, and Darbhanga. • We assume knowledge of key movements and their regional settings during the Indian freedom struggle. Concept / Approach: Tinkathiya Pratha is historically associated with the Champaran region of present day Bihar. Under this system, European indigo planters forced peasants to grow indigo on a fixed fraction of their land, which was economically harmful to the cultivators. Mahatma Gandhi led the Champaran Satyagraha in response to this exploitation. Kheda and Bardoli are linked with separate peasant movements in Gujarat, and Darbhanga, also in Bihar, is not the main region associated with this specific pratha. Therefore, Champaran is the correct choice. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Tinkathiya Pratha involved compulsory indigo cultivation on three twentieths of peasant land. Step 2: Remember that this system became infamous in the Champaran district of Bihar. Step 3: Connect Champaran with the Champaran Satyagraha led by Mahatma Gandhi against indigo planters. Step 4: Compare this with Kheda and Bardoli, which are associated with tax relief and peasant movements in Gujarat. Step 5: Conclude that Champaran is the correct region linked with Tinkathiya Pratha. Verification / Alternative check: History textbooks and exam oriented notes on the national movement describe Tinkathiya Pratha as a system in Champaran, where peasants were compelled to grow indigo on three twentieths of their holdings. The Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 is documented as Gandhi first major experiment with satyagraha in India, aimed at ending this specific system. Kheda and Bardoli are described separately in chapters on later peasant movements in Gujarat, confirming that the pratha in question is particular to Champaran. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Kheda: Known for the Kheda Satyagraha where peasants sought tax remission due to crop failure, not for Tinkathiya Pratha. Bardoli: Associated with the Bardoli Satyagraha led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel against increased land revenue, not with compulsory indigo cultivation. Darbhanga: Although in Bihar, it is not the region highlighted in history for Tinkathiya Pratha and the indigo planters movement. Common Pitfalls: Candidates often mix up various peasant movements, especially those involving Gandhi, and may confuse Champaran with Kheda or Bardoli. Another pitfall is focusing only on state names and assuming any district name in Bihar might work. To prevent this, one should learn the specific pairing: Tinkathiya and indigo with Champaran, tax remission issues with Kheda, and revenue enhancement protest with Bardoli. Final Answer: The correct choice is Champaran, because the Tinkathiya Pratha of compulsory indigo cultivation was mainly associated with that region.

Question 12

In Indian strategic and physical geography, which place is now popularly known as the White Water region of India?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question combines strategic geography and popular terminology used in competitive examinations. Certain high altitude areas in India, especially those covered with snow and ice, are sometimes given descriptive names that highlight their environment. The Siachen Glacier region, a high altitude battlefield and glacier zone, has acquired such a descriptive name which appears in objective type questions. Given Data / Assumptions: • We are asked which place in India is now known as the White Water region. • The options are Leh, Ladakh, Kargil, and Siachen. • All options relate to high altitude or Himalayan areas, mainly in the northern part of India. • We assume the term White Water refers to a place dominated by snow and ice as used in exam oriented general knowledge. Concept / Approach: The Siachen Glacier, located in the eastern Karakoram range, is known for its vast expanses of snow and ice and is often described metaphorically with phrases like White Desert or White region in discussions of military deployment. In some exam references, Siachen is associated with the phrase White Water, reflecting the dominance of frozen ice and meltwater in that region. Leh, Ladakh, and Kargil are towns or districts in the broader Ladakh region, but the specific label used in many objective questions is tied to Siachen Glacier. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note that all options are in the high altitude Himalayan or trans Himalayan area, so the question is about a specific label rather than general snow cover. Step 2: Recall that Siachen Glacier is famous as the world highest battlefield and a region of perpetual snow and ice, often described with white themed terms. Step 3: Recognise that exam focused general knowledge material directly associates the phrase White Water or white region with Siachen. Step 4: Compare the options and identify Siachen as distinct from the towns Leh, Ladakh region broadly, or Kargil town. Step 5: Select Siachen as the correct answer that matches the descriptive phrase used in many GK questions. Verification / Alternative check: Previous year question papers and prep material often pose a similar question where Siachen is identified as the region now known as White Water or a similar white themed term. The justification is its landscape dominated by snow, ice fields, and glacial meltwater, which makes the entire area look white throughout much of the year. While Leh, the broader Ladakh region, and Kargil are also in cold zones, they are not the specific locations for this particular label in standard exam key answers. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Leh: A major town in Ladakh with cold climate, but not the specific place called White Water in common GK questions. Ladakh: Refers to a wider region including several districts and areas; the term White Water is not used as a primary label for the whole region in exam keys. Kargil: Famous for the Kargil conflict, yet it is not the place commonly tagged as White Water in preparatory literature. Common Pitfalls: Students may be tempted to choose Ladakh or Leh because they associate snow and white landscapes with them too. However, the question is about a special descriptive title rather than general snow cover. Remembering that Siachen Glacier is the extreme high altitude glacial battlefield which often receives unique descriptive names helps avoid confusion with more general geographic terms. Final Answer: The correct choice is Siachen, since the high altitude glacial region of Siachen is popularly associated with the White Water or white region description in exam based general knowledge.

Question 13

Konkani serves as the official language of which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question focuses on the link between languages and states in India. Every state has its own official language or languages, which often reflect local culture and history. Konkani is one such language, and it has a special constitutional status. Identifying the state where Konkani is the official language is a straightforward yet important general knowledge fact. Given Data / Assumptions: • The language mentioned is Konkani. • We are asked to identify the Indian state where it is the official language. • The options are West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Goa. • We assume basic familiarity with the language map of India. Concept / Approach: Konkani is closely associated with the western coastal state of Goa and some neighbouring regions. It is written in multiple scripts and is recognised in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Goa uses Konkani as its official language for administration. West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, and Sikkim have their own different official languages such as Bengali in West Bengal and combinations of regional languages in the northeastern states. Therefore, the correct approach is to connect Konkani with Goa. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Konkani is a coastal language spoken mainly along the Konkan coast of western India. Step 2: Recognise that Goa is the most prominent state where Konkani is the primary official language. Step 3: Compare the options and identify Goa among them. Step 4: Note that West Bengal official language is Bengali and does not use Konkani as the main official language. Step 5: Observe that Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim have different local languages and are not known for Konkani as their official language. Verification / Alternative check: Language maps of India and state profile descriptions indicate that Konkani is the official language of Goa. The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act historically recognised Konkani in Devanagari script as the official language of Goa. No equivalent statute in West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, or Sikkim identifies Konkani as the primary official language; instead they refer to other regional languages. This confirms that Goa is the correct state. Why Other Options Are Wrong: West Bengal: The main official language is Bengali, not Konkani. Arunachal Pradesh: This northeastern state has a diverse set of local languages and uses English and regional tongues, but Konkani is not its official state language. Sikkim: The official languages include Nepali and others, but not Konkani. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may know that Konkani is also spoken in parts of Karnataka and Maharashtra and may become uncertain about the exact state asked in the question. However, the term official language refers to the constitutionally or legally declared language of a particular state, which in this case is Goa for Konkani. Focusing on that legal status helps avoid confusion. Final Answer: The correct choice is Goa, because Konkani is the official language of the state of Goa.

Question 14

Itanagar is the capital city of which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Capital cities are fundamental facts in Indian political geography. This question asks which Indian state has Itanagar as its capital city. Such questions are common in general knowledge sections and help ensure that candidates know the basic administrative map of the country, including the capitals of northeastern states. Given Data / Assumptions: • The city name given is Itanagar. • We must identify the corresponding Indian state where Itanagar is the capital. • The options are Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh. • We assume the current capital status as mentioned in standard references. Concept / Approach: Itanagar is the capital city of Arunachal Pradesh, a northeastern border state of India. It is located in the foothills of the Himalayas. Uttarakhand has Dehradun as its capital, Uttar Pradesh has Lucknow, and Tripura has Agartala. Therefore, when we see Itanagar, we must connect it with Arunachal Pradesh, not with these other three states. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Itanagar lies in the northeastern part of India and is associated with Arunachal Pradesh. Step 2: Remember that Uttarakhand administrative capital is Dehradun, not Itanagar. Step 3: Remember that Uttar Pradesh uses Lucknow as its capital city. Step 4: Recall that Tripura capital is Agartala. Step 5: Since Itanagar does not match the capitals of these other states, choose Arunachal Pradesh. Verification / Alternative check: State profile pages, official government websites, and school atlases consistently list Itanagar as the capital of Arunachal Pradesh. These sources also confirm that the other three states in the options have different well known capitals. Cross checking with any standard general knowledge book reinforces this mapping, so there is no ambiguity. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Uttarakhand: Its capital is Dehradun and, during some seasons, Gairsain is designated as a summer capital, but not Itanagar. Uttar Pradesh: This state capital is Lucknow, therefore Itanagar cannot be associated with it. Tripura: Uses Agartala as its capital city, not Itanagar. Common Pitfalls: Because many northeastern capitals are less familiar to some students, there can be confusion between names such as Itanagar, Kohima, and Aizawl. Another pitfall is mixing up Itanagar with Dehradun due to both being hilly regions. A simple way to remember is to link the syllable Ita with Arunachal and to revise a list of all northeastern state capitals regularly. Final Answer: The correct choice is Arunachal Pradesh, as Itanagar is the capital city of that state.

Question 15

Panaji is the capital city of which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is another capital city mapping problem in Indian political geography. It asks which state has Panaji as its capital. Knowing the capitals of all Indian states and union territories is basic but essential information for many entrance and competitive examinations. Given Data / Assumptions: • The city name given is Panaji, sometimes also written as Panjim. • We must choose the state where Panaji serves as the capital city. • The options are Goa, Maharashtra, Sikkim, and Gujarat. • We assume present administrative arrangements. Concept / Approach: Panaji is the capital of the coastal state of Goa on the western shore of India. Maharashtra has Mumbai as its capital, though Nagpur acts as a second capital during certain legislative sessions. Gujarat has Gandhinagar as its capital, and Sikkim has Gangtok. Therefore, the correct association is between Panaji and Goa. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise Panaji as a city in the small coastal state of Goa. Step 2: Recall that Goa capital functions are performed from Panaji, which hosts the state secretariat and administrative offices. Step 3: Compare options and identify Goa among them. Step 4: Eliminate Maharashtra because its principal capital is Mumbai, not Panaji. Step 5: Eliminate Sikkim and Gujarat since they are associated with Gangtok and Gandhinagar respectively. Verification / Alternative check: Checking a map or any basic state profile resource shows Panaji located in Goa, acting as its capital. Government documents and tourist information for Goa also list Panaji as the state capital. Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Sikkim all have well established different capital cities, so there is no conflict here. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Maharashtra: Its capital is Mumbai, and Nagpur is a second capital for some legislative sessions, but Panaji is not in Maharashtra. Sikkim: The capital is Gangtok, which lies far to the northeast of India. Gujarat: Its capital is Gandhinagar, near Ahmedabad, not Panaji. Common Pitfalls: Sometimes candidates confuse Panaji with nearby larger cities like Mumbai due to being on the western coast. Others may simply guess based on familiarity. To avoid this, one should memorise a complete list of Indian states and their capitals, with Panaji clearly linked to Goa in the western coastal belt. Final Answer: The correct choice is Goa, because Panaji is the capital city of that state.

Question 16

On the banks of which river is the city of Hyderabad situated?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is part of Indian urban and river geography. Many major cities in India are located on the banks of important rivers, and examination questions often ask candidates to identify the river for a given city. Here, Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana, is in focus, and we must recall the river that flows through it. Given Data / Assumptions: • The city name given is Hyderabad. • We must identify the river on whose banks Hyderabad is situated. • The options are Krishna, Kaveri, Musi, and Cooum. • We assume standard geographic descriptions of Indian cities and rivers. Concept / Approach: Hyderabad is located on the banks of the Musi River, a tributary of the Krishna. Although the larger Krishna River basin is regionally important, the city itself grew around the Musi, which flows through Hyderabad and has historically shaped its water systems and flood patterns. Kaveri is a river of southern Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, and the Cooum is associated with Chennai. Therefore, the river name that directly matches Hyderabad is Musi. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that Hyderabad lies in the Deccan region and is associated with the Musi River. Step 2: Remember that Musi passes through the city, and older parts of Hyderabad lie along its banks. Step 3: Note that Krishna is the major parent river of the basin, but not the one flowing directly through the city centre. Step 4: Recognise that Kaveri flows through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, while Cooum is linked to Chennai in Tamil Nadu. Step 5: Select Musi as the correct answer, as it specifically flows through Hyderabad. Verification / Alternative check: City maps and descriptions of Hyderabad mention bridges, flood events, and water management related to the Musi River. The famous Musi floods in history further confirm this association. Reference books on Indian rivers also describe the Musi as a tributary of the Krishna and identify Hyderabad as located on its banks. Krishna, Kaveri, and Cooum are associated with other cities and regions, which reinforces that Musi is the correct river here. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Krishna: Although Hyderabad lies in the Krishna River basin, the city does not sit directly on the banks of the Krishna itself. Kaveri: This river flows mainly through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and does not pass through Hyderabad. Cooum: A small river flowing through Chennai in Tamil Nadu, unrelated to Hyderabad. Common Pitfalls: Candidates may see Krishna in the options and select it because they know Hyderabad is in the Krishna basin, forgetting that the question is asking about the river directly passing through the city. Another mistake is to mix up lesser known rivers like Musi and Cooum simply based on unfamiliar names. To avoid this, one should learn city river pairs, such as Hyderabad with Musi, Chennai with Cooum, and Delhi with Yamuna. Final Answer: The correct choice is Musi, as Hyderabad is situated on the banks of the Musi River.

Question 17

Khangchendzonga National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located in which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question tests knowledge of Indian national parks and world heritage sites. Khangchendzonga National Park is notable because it is part of a mixed category UNESCO World Heritage Site that combines natural beauty with cultural significance. Knowing which state hosts this park helps in understanding the distribution of protected areas in India and the importance of Sikkim in Himalayan conservation. Given Data / Assumptions: • The protected area in question is Khangchendzonga National Park. • It is recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. • The options are Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, and Sikkim. • We must identify the state in which the park is located. Concept / Approach: Khangchendzonga National Park lies in the state of Sikkim in the eastern Himalayas. It includes the area around Mount Kangchenjunga, the third highest peak in the world. Maharashtra, Odisha, and Rajasthan do have their own protected areas, but they are not home to this high altitude Himalayan park. Therefore, the correct approach is to link the name Khangchendzonga, which echoes Kangchenjunga, with Sikkim, the Himalayan state that hosts it. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise that Khangchendzonga is the local form of the name Kangchenjunga, a Himalayan peak. Step 2: Recall that Kangchenjunga and its surrounding national park are located in Sikkim. Step 3: Note that Maharashtra, Odisha, and Rajasthan are not Himalayan states and do not contain this particular park. Step 4: Identify Sikkim in the options as the only Himalayan state listed. Step 5: Conclude that Sikkim is the correct state for Khangchendzonga National Park. Verification / Alternative check: UNESCO documentation and Indian protected area lists clearly place Khangchendzonga National Park in Sikkim. It is part of the Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve and represents high altitude ecosystems including glaciers, valleys, and forests in northern Sikkim. No similar references place this park in Maharashtra, Odisha, or Rajasthan. These states appear in discussions of other parks like Tadoba, Simlipal, or Ranthambore, not Khangchendzonga. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Maharashtra: Known for parks like Sanjay Gandhi National Park and Tadoba, but not for Khangchendzonga. Odisha: Houses protected areas such as Simlipal and Bhitarkanika, but not this Himalayan park. Rajasthan: Famous for Ranthambore, Sariska, and desert parks, but not for Khangchendzonga which is a Himalayan park. Common Pitfalls: Candidates may misread the name and not link it with Kangchenjunga, or they might simply guess a state without considering that the park is clearly Himalayan and high altitude. Remember that Sikkim is the small Himalayan state between Nepal and Bhutan and hosts Khangchendzonga National Park, which is often highlighted in current affairs for its UNESCO status. Final Answer: The correct choice is Sikkim, because Khangchendzonga National Park is located in that Himalayan state.

Question 18

As per the official announcement creating a new capital for Andhra Pradesh, which city has been planned and named as the new capital of the state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question relates to changes in Indian political geography following the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and the creation of Telangana. After the split, Andhra Pradesh needed a new capital city separate from Hyderabad. Various announcements and debates surrounded the choice, and examinations often ask which city was officially planned and named as the new capital of Andhra Pradesh. Given Data / Assumptions: • The state concerned is Andhra Pradesh, after separation from Telangana. • We are asked which city was planned and named as the new capital for the state. • The options are Amaravati, Hyderabad, Secunderabad, and Tirupati. • We assume the commonly accepted decision that appears in exam oriented material. Concept / Approach: After the bifurcation, Hyderabad remained the capital of the new state of Telangana, although there was a transitional period when it served both states. Andhra Pradesh later planned a new capital city called Amaravati, situated on the banks of the Krishna River near Vijayawada. Secunderabad is a twin city of Hyderabad, and Tirupati is a major pilgrimage town but not the designated capital. Thus the correct approach is to remember that Amaravati was notified as the planned capital of Andhra Pradesh in standard general knowledge references. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recall that the old joint capital Hyderabad became the capital of Telangana after state splitting. Step 2: Remember that Andhra Pradesh announced Amaravati as its new planned capital city on the Krishna River. Step 3: Scan the options and find Amaravati, Hyderabad, Secunderabad, and Tirupati. Step 4: Eliminate Hyderabad and Secunderabad because they are associated with Telangana and the Hyderabad urban area. Step 5: Eliminate Tirupati as it is a religious centre, not declared as the planned capital in standard GK sources, and choose Amaravati. Verification / Alternative check: Government notifications and media reports during the planning phase widely reported Amaravati as the new capital of Andhra Pradesh. Most general knowledge books and static GK compilations later adopted that fact into their chapters on states and capitals. Even though capital planning has been subject to further political debates, examinations based on this period and standard references treat Amaravati as the correct answer to this question. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Hyderabad: It is the capital of Telangana and was a joint capital for a limited period, but it is not the permanent new capital of Andhra Pradesh in exam context. Secunderabad: A twin city of Hyderabad, forming part of the same metropolitan region, and not declared the capital of Andhra Pradesh. Tirupati: A major pilgrimage city and cultural centre, but not officially notified as the planned capital in the standard GK sense for this question. Common Pitfalls: Learners sometimes confuse the transitional arrangement where Hyderabad served both states for some years with the final decision about Andhra Pradesh new capital. Others may have heard of more recent proposals and become uncertain. For examination purposes, it is important to stick to the widely accepted static GK fact that Amaravati was declared the planned capital of Andhra Pradesh after bifurcation. Final Answer: The correct choice is Amaravati, which was planned and named as the new capital city of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 19

Public Affairs Centre (PAC), which conducts action research on Sustainable Development Goals and governance in the Indian context, is situated in which Indian city?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question is about an important public policy research institution in India and its geographic location. Public Affairs Centre, often abbreviated as PAC, is known for its work on governance, public services, and Sustainable Development Goals. Many general knowledge and current affairs questions ask where such think tanks or institutions are based, since this connects institutional information with city level geography. Given Data / Assumptions: • The institution mentioned is Public Affairs Centre (PAC). • It engages in action research and policy analysis focusing on India. • We must identify the city where PAC is situated. • The options are New Delhi, Bengaluru, Mumbai, and Kolkata. Concept / Approach: Public Affairs Centre is headquartered in Bengaluru, the capital city of Karnataka. It is not based in New Delhi, which hosts many other think tanks and national institutions, nor in Mumbai or Kolkata, which have their own research organisations. Therefore, the correct approach is to associate PAC with Bengaluru when answering geography based institution questions. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise PAC as a governance and public policy research institution in India. Step 2: Recall that its headquarters and main office are located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. Step 3: Look at the options New Delhi, Bengaluru, Mumbai, and Kolkata and identify Bengaluru. Step 4: Eliminate New Delhi because, although many think tanks are located there, PAC specifically is not headquartered there. Step 5: Eliminate Mumbai and Kolkata for the same reason and select Bengaluru as the correct city. Verification / Alternative check: The official website and contact information for Public Affairs Centre clearly list Bengaluru, Karnataka, as the location of its headquarters. Many articles and profiles describing the institution also mention it as a Bengaluru based think tank. Standard current affairs capsules that include questions about PAC provide Bengaluru as the correct answer, confirming this city association. Why Other Options Are Wrong: New Delhi: Although it is the national capital and hosts many think tanks, it is not the city where PAC is based. Mumbai: A major financial and commercial hub, but not the headquarters city of Public Affairs Centre. Kolkata: A major eastern metropolitan city with its own institutions, yet not the home of PAC. Common Pitfalls: Because many national level policy discussions occur in New Delhi, candidates may assume that every major policy think tank must be located there. Another pitfall is not differentiating between various institutions and their city locations. To avoid confusion, it is helpful to learn a small set of institution city pairs, such as PAC with Bengaluru and other specific think tanks with their respective cities. Final Answer: The correct choice is Bengaluru, since Public Affairs Centre (PAC) is situated there.

Question 20

In which Indian city did the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry host the Global Digital Content Market (GDCM) 2018 conference?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The Global Digital Content Market (GDCM) 2018 conference was an international level event that focused on the growing digital content ecosystem, including films, music, gaming, publishing, and online media platforms. In India, the conference was hosted by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Many competitive exams test awareness of where important summits and conferences are held, because these events reflect national priorities in trade, intellectual property, and innovation policy. Knowing the host city for GDCM 2018 helps in revising current affairs related to digital economy and industrial policy in India. Given Data / Assumptions: The event mentioned is the Global Digital Content Market (GDCM) 2018. It was hosted by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The question asks for the Indian city where this conference took place. Four major Indian cities are offered as options: New Delhi, Bengaluru, Mumbai, and Kolkata. Concept / Approach: To answer this question, we rely on factual recall from government press releases and reputable news sources about national and international conferences. DIPP, as a central government department, usually conducts high level international events in the national capital region, because that is where most central ministries and diplomatic missions are located. The strategy is to match the event GDCM 2018 with its confirmed venue city and then identify that city in the options. We do not need any calculation here, only accurate recall of static current affairs information. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Note that GDCM 2018 was an international conference focused on the digital content market. Step 2: Remember that it was hosted by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. Step 3: From official announcements, GDCM 2018 was organized in New Delhi, which is the usual venue for such high level central government events. Step 4: Check the given options and locate New Delhi among them. Step 5: Conclude that New Delhi is the correct answer, because no other listed city hosted this specific conference. Verification / Alternative check: A quick way to verify this fact in exam preparation is to recall that many DIPP related international conferences and meetings on intellectual property, start ups, and innovation take place in New Delhi. Preparatory materials for competitive exams, government yearbooks, and press information bureau releases all align on New Delhi as the GDCM 2018 venue. There is no conflicting record that the event took place in any of the other listed cities. Therefore the selection of New Delhi is consistent across reliable reference sources used by aspirants. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Bengaluru: This city is a major information technology hub, but it was not the host city for GDCM 2018 under DIPP. Associating all digital content events with Bengaluru can lead to confusion, but in this specific case it is incorrect. Mumbai: Mumbai is India s financial and entertainment capital, and many film and media events are held there, yet the particular conference GDCM 2018 was not organized in Mumbai, so this option is wrong. Kolkata: Kolkata is an important metropolitan city and cultural centre, but it does not match the official venue chosen by DIPP for GDCM 2018. No major record links Kolkata to this specific conference. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to guess Bengaluru or Mumbai simply because the topic is digital content, information technology, and media. Exam takers sometimes rely on stereotypes about cities rather than exact factual memory. Another pitfall is confusing this conference with other summits or trade fairs which might have been held in different cities. Careful reading of year wise current affairs and noting the combination of ministry, event name, and city helps avoid such errors in objective questions. Final Answer: Thus, the Global Digital Content Market (GDCM) 2018 conference hosted by DIPP was held in New Delhi, making New Delhi the correct answer in this multiple choice question.

Indian Geography Questions