CPM (Critical Path Method) characteristics: which statements correctly describe CPM network analysis in construction project planning?

Introduction / Context:
CPM, or Critical Path Method, is a deterministic scheduling technique widely used in construction and infrastructure projects. It identifies the sequence of activities that determines the minimum project duration and highlights where schedule flexibility exists.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Classical CPM uses deterministic activity durations.
• Network representation may be AOA (Activity-on-Arrow), where activities are arrows and nodes are events.
• Modern tools also support AON (Activity-on-Node), but the question targets the classical view.

Concept / Approach:

CPM focuses on activities with known durations, calculates earliest and latest event times, and derives total float and free float. The “critical path” consists of zero-float activities that govern overall project duration.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Standard scheduling texts differentiate CPM (deterministic, activity focus) from PERT (probabilistic). Both can be represented in AOA; the item specifically mirrors AOA CPM.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Any single statement alone is incomplete; only “All of the above” fully characterizes CPM per the question.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing CPM with PERT; assuming CPM always uses AON (software may, but theory embraces both representations).

Final Answer:

All of the above