While pricing and submitting a tender (bid) for construction work, which of the following does a prudent contractor assess before quoting?

Introduction / Context:
A competitive and realistic tender requires a thorough understanding of the site, resources, and technical requirements. Omitting any of these factors can lead to cost/time overruns and claims.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Tenderer must confirm site constraints and logistics.
• Material availability and price volatility affect bid rates.
• Labour productivity and equipment selection drive durations and costs.
• Specifications and drawings govern quality and scope.

Concept / Approach:

The bid price reflects direct costs (materials, labour, plant), indirect costs (overheads), risk allowances, and profit. Each listed item feeds into these components and impacts schedule feasibility and cash flow planning.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Bid checklists universally include these pre-bid actions and clarifications, often formalized via RFIs (requests for information).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Each single item alone is insufficient for a robust tender; only “All of the above” covers the necessary pre-bid diligence.

Common Pitfalls:

Underestimating site constraints or ignoring specification clauses that drive cost (e.g., testing, warranties, finishes).

Final Answer:

All of the above