Line organisation (classical scalar structure): what is its principal advantage in construction firms and public works departments?

Introduction / Context:
Organisational structure shapes communication, authority, and decision speed. The line (scalar) organisation is a traditional hierarchy where authority flows vertically from top to bottom, common in agencies managing repetitive civil works.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A single chain of command exists.
• Staff roles may be minimal; line managers directly control execution.
• Suitable for stable, routine operations requiring discipline.

Concept / Approach:

The advantages arise from unity of command and clarity in responsibility. Orders travel quickly along a defined path, and accountability is clear at each level, aiding rapid decisions and strong control.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Management texts list these benefits, with cautions about drawbacks (e.g., rigidity, over-centralisation) not asked here.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Each option is a genuine advantage; choosing only one understates the model. Hence “All of the above” best reflects the benefits.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing line with line-and-staff organisation; assuming rigidity negates its advantages.

Final Answer:

All of the above