Malpractices surge in examinations — choose robust deterrence and control Statement: This year there is an unprecedented increase in student malpractices during examinations nationwide. Courses of Action: (I) Exam authorities should immediately take effective measures to curb the menace. (II) Students detected using unfair means should be debarred from any of these exams for the next three years. (III) Using unfair means should be made a cognizable offence through necessary legislation.

Introduction / Context:An “unprecedented” rise in cheating indicates both control failures and inadequate deterrence. The courses of action propose immediate administrative control, punitive consequences for offenders, and a legislative deterrent. We must determine whether all are reasonable and complementary.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Cheating has surged beyond normal levels.
• Exam authorities can tighten invigilation, surveillance, logistics, and paper security.
• Sanctions must be meaningful to deter repeat offences.
• Legislative framing as a cognizable offence can strengthen enforcement and coordination with police when required.

Concept / Approach:

• Layered defense is ideal: preventive controls, proportional penalties, and legal backing for serious cases.
• Actions should respect due process and proportionality.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:

Final Answer: