Statement — With improving financial status of urban parents, many children are overprotected and find it difficult to struggle when faced with adverse situations. Courses of Action: I. Parents should prepare themselves to orient their children to face difficult situations during their formative years. II. Parents should encourage their children to manage their affairs on their own.

Introduction / Context:The statement links overprotection to poor resilience. Appropriate courses of action should build coping skills and autonomy, especially early in life when habits form.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Urban parents' prosperity can translate into shielding children from challenges.
• I: Intentionally orient children to handle difficulty during formative years.
• II: Encourage children to manage their own affairs.

Concept / Approach:Resilience emerges from graduated exposure to responsibility and setbacks with guidance. Interventions that both teach problem-solving (I) and promote autonomy (II) address the root cause—over-dependence and low frustration tolerance.

Step-by-Step Solution:I promotes structured, age-appropriate challenges (chores, decision-making), preparing children for adversity; it directly counters overprotection.II operationalizes autonomy (self-management of schedules, homework, basic errands), which strengthens executive function and confidence.The two are complementary—one sets the philosophy (resilience training), the other embeds daily practice (independence).

Verification / Alternative check:Educational and developmental frameworks consistently emphasize autonomy support and scaffolded challenges as effective for building coping skills and perseverance.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:Only I or Only II: each captures part of the solution; together they are more complete. Neither: ignores the stated concern. Either: implies interchangeability, but both address distinct yet synergistic aspects.

Common Pitfalls:Assuming resilience is taught by lectures alone. Practice via everyday responsibilities is essential.

Final Answer:Both I and II follow.