Municipal response to contaminated tap water — choosing practical actions Statement: Residents of Model Colony (North Ward, City X) report three days of contaminated tap water and inaction by municipal staff. Courses of Action: (I) Initiate action.

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Solve this multiple-choice question and choose the correct option.

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Introduction / Context:Drinking-water complaints demand swift verification and engineering fixes. This question asks which courses of action are reasonable for the Ward Officer after residents report contamination and apparent inaction. Given Data / Assumptions: Multiple days of reported contamination. Verification and root-cause analysis are required. Course I: Punitive action against complainants. Course II: Field assessment with sampling and lab testing. Course III: Technical inspection of installations and pipelines. Concept / Approach: Sound municipal practice starts with fact-finding (sampling) and engineering assessment, then remediation. Retaliation against residents is unethical and counterproductive. Step-by-Step Solution: II follows: Sampling and lab testing are essential to confirm contamination type and level.III follows: Engineering checks identify ingress of sewage, pressure issues, or pipeline breaches.I does not follow: Discouraging complaints undermines public health surveillance and has no basis. Verification / Alternative check: Standard operating procedures for water complaints include immediate site visits, bacteriological/chemical tests, and pipeline integrity checks. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Combinations with I endorse retaliation, which is illogical.“Either I or III, and II” is invalid because I never follows while III clearly does. Common Pitfalls: Assuming complaints are nuisances rather than critical alerts; they trigger due diligence. Final Answer: Only II and III follow

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